1
|
Regioselective N- versus P-Deprotonation of Aminophosphane Tungsten(0) Complexes. ORGANICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/org3030013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
1,2-Bifunctional ligands are rare, in general, which holds especially for those with a P-N linkage. Herein, we report on the synthesis of P-tert-butyl substituted aminophosphane W(CO)5 complexes 3a-f (a: R = R’ = H; b: R = H, R = Me; c: R = H, R’ = ally; d: R = H, R’ = i-Pr; e: R = H, R’ = t-Bu; f: R = R’ = Me) obtained via formal N-H insertion reactions of Li/Cl phosphinidenoid complex 2 into NH bonds of ammonia and different amines. The 1,2-bifunctionality of 3b was addressed in targeted regioselective deprotonation reactions leading to amidophosphane complexes M-4b or M/N(H)Me phosphinidenoid complexes M-5b, respectively (M = Li, K). Remarkable was the observation that reactions of M-4b and M-5b with MeI as the electrophile resulted in the formation of the same product 7b. The constitution of all the compounds has been established by means of NMR and IR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Two possible reaction pathways were studied in detail using high-level DFT calculations.
Collapse
|
2
|
Schmer A, García Alcaraz A, Kyri AW, Schnakenburg G, Espinosa Ferao A, Streubel R. Synthesis of azadiphosphiridine complexes. Theoretical studies on ring formation, the P-to-P' metal shift and the resulting nitrogen geometry. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:3275-3279. [PMID: 35133379 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt04252a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A set of azadiphosphiridine complexes 3a and 4b,c were synthesized in high selectivity using N-H and P-H deprotonation as key steps and RPCl2 as substrates (R = NiPr2 (a), -tBu (b), Ph (c)). While complex 3a (P-NiPr2) retained the P-W linkage of the starting material W(CO)5{Ph3CP(H)NH}, complexes 4b (P-tBu) and 4c (P-Ph) revealed that a P-to-P' haptotropic shift of the W(CO)5 group has occurred. Remarkably, complex 3a, bearing an unligated P-NiPr2 unit, displays a planar ring N geometry while 4b,c showed a pyramidal geometry of the ring nitrogen atom. Theoretical studies on the ring formation including the P-to-P' haptotropic metal shift and the factors influencing the ring nitrogen geometry are reported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Schmer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhards-Domagk-Str. 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Antonio García Alcaraz
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Andreas Wolfgang Kyri
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhards-Domagk-Str. 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Gregor Schnakenburg
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhards-Domagk-Str. 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Arturo Espinosa Ferao
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Rainer Streubel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhards-Domagk-Str. 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Schmer A, Junker P, Espinosa Ferao A, Streubel R. M/X Phosphinidenoid Metal Complex Chemistry. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:1754-1765. [PMID: 33734678 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
ConspectusLike singlet carbenes and silylenes, transient electrophilic terminal phosphinidene complexes enabled highly selective synthetic transformations, but the required multistep synthetic protocols precluded widespread use of these P1 building blocks. By contrast, nucleophilic M/Cl phosphinidenoid complexes can be easily accessed in one step from [M(CO)n(RPCl2)] complexes. This advantage and the mild reaction conditions opened broad synthetic applicability that enabled access to a variety of novel compounds. The chemistry will be described in this Account, including bonding and mechanistic considerations derived from high-level density functional theory calculations.In 2007, we gained the first strong evidence for the formation of these thermally labile complexes using two different synthetic approaches: P-H deprotonation and Cl/Li exchange; the latter has become the preferred method. Intense studies revealed that steric demand of the P substituents in combination with metal complexation, a donor solvent, and/or the presence of a crown ether are necessary prerequisites for the formation and especially the usability of these intermediates as novel P1 building blocks. Solution-phase NMR spectroscopy and solid-state X-ray diffraction studies revealed the bonding situation, i.e., a solvent-separated ion pair structure, and typical 31P NMR signatures of the anions. To date, we have established the following reactivity patterns for Li/Cl phosphinidenoid complexes: self-condensations (I), electrophilic and nucleophilic reactions (II), 1,1-additions (III), [2 + 1] cycloadditions (IV), ring expansions (V), and redox reactions (VI). For example, self-condensations can yield dinuclear acyclic or polycyclic diphosphane or diphosphene complexes. Their use as nucleophiles and electrophiles can be employed to access functional phosphane ligands with mixed substitution patterns. 1,1-Addition reactions were a puzzling discovery because the resulting products resembled classical P-C π-bond structures but the bonding was more of a donor-to-phosphorus adduct with significant differences in bonding parameters. Into the same category and also surprising fall formal E-H insertion reactions leading to 1,1'-bifunctional phosphane complexes. To date, the most important synthetic impact was achieved in the chemistry of strained P-heterocyclic ligands such as oxaphosphiranes and azaphosphiridines, obtained via [2 + 1] cycloadditions of the title compounds with carbonyls and imines, respectively. Ring expansions have been shown to yield 1,2-oxaphosphetanes and 1,2-thiaphosphetanes, and because of the pool of industrially important epoxides, this provides straightforward and affordable access to these novel P-heterocyclic ligands, which also promise to be of interest in catalytic applications. Recent developments describe redox transformations of Li/Cl phosphinidenoid complexes into new reactive intermediates such as complexes with open-shell P-functional phosphanyl ligands via oxidative single electron transfer reactions or into terminal electrophilic phosphinidene complexes via chloride elimination. The latter is clearly restricted to P-amino derivatives because of their enhanced π-donation capability, as evidenced in a recent study on umpolung of these reactive intermediates. While our efforts to expand M/X phosphinidenoid complex chemistry are ongoing, we want to emphasize that the development of new reactive intermediates not only improves our understanding of bonding and reactivity but also opens new perspectives in organoelement chemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Schmer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Philip Junker
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Arturo Espinosa Ferao
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Rainer Streubel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Junker P, Qu ZW, Kalisch T, Schnakenburg G, Espinosa Ferao A, Streubel R. A case study on the conversion of Li/Cl phosphinidenoid into phosphinidene complexes. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:739-745. [PMID: 33346304 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt03884a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
N,N-Diphenylamino- and N,N-dicyclohexylamino-substituted dichlorophosphane W(CO)5 complexes 1a,b were used to generate thermally very labile Li/Cl phospinidenoid W(CO)5 complexes 2a,b. The formation of transient complex 2a was confirmed via low-temperature 31P{1H} NMR spectroscopy, but further strong evidence for the formation of transient complexes 2a,b was obtained from reactions with methanol and methylamine as formal E-H insertions (E = O, N) furnished complexes 3a,b and 4a. By using toluene in the absence of donor ligands, the primarily nucleophilic complexes 2a,b were converted into electrophilic terminal phosphinidene complexes 5a,b which was deduced from specific trapping reactions using tolane, 1-pentene and 1-hexene and thus obtained 1H-phosphirene 6 and phosphirane complexes 7 and8. The state-of-the-art DFT calculations reveal insights into the possible reaction pathways and exclude a direct reaction of 2a,b with alkene trapping reagents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip Junker
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Zheng-Wang Qu
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Beringstr. 4, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Tim Kalisch
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Gregor Schnakenburg
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Arturo Espinosa Ferao
- Departamento de Química Orgánica. Facultad de Química. Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Rainer Streubel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Blum M, Dunaj T, Knöller JA, Feil CM, Nieger M, Gudat D. Isolable Diaminophosphide Boranes. Chemistry 2020; 26:15190-15199. [PMID: 32567741 PMCID: PMC7756230 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Metalation of secondary diaminophosphine boranes by alkali metal amides provides a robust and selective access route to a range of metal diaminophosphide boranes M[(R2 N)2 P(BH3 )] (M=Li, Na, K; R=alkyl, aryl) with acyclic or heterocyclic molecular backbones, whereas reduction of a chlorodiaminophosphine borane gave less satisfactory results. The metalated species were characterized in situ by NMR spectroscopy and in two cases isolated as crystalline solids. Single-crystal XRD studies revealed the presence of salt-like structures with strongly interacting ions. Synthetic applications of K[(R2 N)2 P(BH3 )] were studied in reactions with a 1,2-dichlorodisilane and CS2 , which afforded either mono- or difunctional phosphine boranes with a rare combination of electronegative amino and electropositive functional disilanyl groups on phosphorus, or a phosphinodithioformate. Spectroscopic studies gave a first hint that removal of the borane fragment may be feasible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Blum
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of StuttgartPfaffenwaldring 5570550StuttgartGermany
| | - Tobias Dunaj
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of StuttgartPfaffenwaldring 5570550StuttgartGermany
| | - Julius A. Knöller
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of StuttgartPfaffenwaldring 5570550StuttgartGermany
| | - Christoph M. Feil
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of StuttgartPfaffenwaldring 5570550StuttgartGermany
| | - Martin Nieger
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of HelsinkiP.O Box 5500014 University ofHelsinkiFinland
| | - Dietrich Gudat
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of StuttgartPfaffenwaldring 5570550StuttgartGermany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang J, Yang JD, Cheng JP. Diazaphosphinanes as hydride, hydrogen atom, proton or electron donors under transition-metal-free conditions: thermodynamics, kinetics, and synthetic applications. Chem Sci 2020; 11:3672-3679. [PMID: 34094055 PMCID: PMC8152589 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc05883d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Exploration of new hydrogen donors is in large demand in hydrogenation chemistry. Herein, we developed a new 1,3,2-diazaphosphinane 1a, which can serve as a hydride, hydrogen atom or proton donor without transition-metal mediation. The thermodynamics and kinetics of these three pathways of 1a, together with those of its analog 1b, were investigated in acetonitrile. It is noteworthy that, the reduction potentials (Ered) of the phosphenium cations 1a-[P]+ and 1b-[P]+ are extremely low, being −1.94 and −2.39 V (vs. Fc+/0), respectively, enabling corresponding phosphinyl radicals to function as neutral super-electron-donors. Kinetic studies revealed an extraordinarily large kinetic isotope effect KIE(1a) of 31.3 for the hydrogen atom transfer from 1a to the 2,4,6-tri-(tert-butyl)-phenoxyl radical, implying a tunneling effect. Furthermore, successful applications of these diverse P–H bond energetic parameters in organic syntheses were exemplified, shedding light on more exploitations of these versatile and powerful diazaphosphinane reagents in organic chemistry. A new 1,3,2-diazaphosphinane, serving as a formal hydride, hydrogen-atom or proton donor without transition-metal mediation was exploited thermodynamically and kinetically. And, its promising potentials in versatile syntheses have been demonstrated.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhang
- Center of Basic Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Jin-Dong Yang
- Center of Basic Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Jin-Pei Cheng
- Center of Basic Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China .,State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Schmer A, Volk N, Espinosa Ferao A, Streubel R. Access and unprecedented reaction pathways of Li/Cl phosphinidenoid iron(0) complexes. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:339-345. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt04417a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Complexes [Fe(CO)4(RPCl2)] (2) (a: R = CPh3, b: R = tBu) were used to generate the first examples of phosphinidenoid iron(0) complexes [Li(12-crown-4)(solv)n][Fe(CO)4(RPCl] (3a,b), characterized by NMR spectroscopy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Schmer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- University of Bonn
- D-53121 Bonn
- Germany
| | - Niklas Volk
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- University of Bonn
- D-53121 Bonn
- Germany
| | - Arturo Espinosa Ferao
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Química
- Universidad de Murcia
- E-30100 Murcia
- Spain
| | - Rainer Streubel
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- University of Bonn
- D-53121 Bonn
- Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Schmer A, Terschüren T, Schnakenburg G, Espinosa Ferao A, Streubel R. Access to 1,1′‐Bifunctional Phosphane Iron(0) Complexes via P–N Bond‐Forming Reactions and Selective P‐Functionalizations. Eur J Inorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201801065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Schmer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry University of Bonn Gerhard‐Domagk Str. 1 53121 Bonn Germany
| | - Tatjana Terschüren
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry University of Bonn Gerhard‐Domagk Str. 1 53121 Bonn Germany
| | - Gregor Schnakenburg
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry University of Bonn Gerhard‐Domagk Str. 1 53121 Bonn Germany
| | - Arturo Espinosa Ferao
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Facultad de Química Universidad de Murcia Campus de Espinardo 30100 Murcia Spain
| | - Rainer Streubel
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry University of Bonn Gerhard‐Domagk Str. 1 53121 Bonn Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Blum M, Kappler J, Schlindwein SH, Nieger M, Gudat D. Synthesis, spectroscopic characterisation and transmetalation of lithium and potassium diaminophosphanide-boranes. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:112-119. [PMID: 29188837 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt04110a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A secondary diaminophosphane-borane (Et2N)2PH(BH3) was prepared from a chlorophosphane precursor and LiBH4 and metalated by reaction with anion bases (n-BuLi, KN(SiMe3)2) to yield the corresponding metal diaminophosphanide-boranes [(Et2N)2P(BH3)]M (M = Li, K). Multinuclear NMR studies permitted the first spectroscopic characterisation of the metalation products and revealed the presence of monomeric (for M = Li) contact ion pairs in solution. NMR spectroscopic evidence that the ions in each pair interact via LiP- rather than LiH3B-interactions as had been inferred for a Ph-substituted analogue was confirmed by DFT studies, which revealed also that the borane coordination plays a decisive role in boosting the PH-acidity of the original secondary diaminophosphane precursor. Transmetalation of the potassium and lithium diaminophosphanide-boranes with Cu(i) and Zn(ii) chlorides afforded the first functional transition metal complexes of a P-heteroatom-functionalised phosphanide-borane ligand. Both products were fully characterised. Thermolysis of the Cu-complex induced a reaction which involved transfer of an NHC ligand from the metal to the phosphorus atom and yielded a phosphaalkene NHC[double bond, length as m-dash]PH (NHC = N-heterocyclic carbene) as the major phosphorus-containing product.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Blum
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Streubel R, Schmer A, Kyri AW, Schnakenburg G. 1,1′-Bifunctional Aminophosphane Complexes via N–H Bond Insertions of a Li/Cl Phosphinidenoid Complex and First Studies on N/P Mono Functionalizations. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Streubel
- Institut für Anorganische
Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße
1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Alexander Schmer
- Institut für Anorganische
Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße
1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas W. Kyri
- Institut für Anorganische
Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße
1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Gregor Schnakenburg
- Institut für Anorganische
Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße
1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Majhi PK, Franco JMV, Schnakenburg G, Sasamori T, Streubel R. Synthesis, Structure, and First Reactivity Studies of Functional (Phosphinoamino)boranes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201601366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paresh Kumar Majhi
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Rheinischen Friedrich‐Wilhelms‐Universität Bonn Gerhard‐Domagk‐Straße 1 53121 Bonn Germany
| | - José Manuel Villalba Franco
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Rheinischen Friedrich‐Wilhelms‐Universität Bonn Gerhard‐Domagk‐Straße 1 53121 Bonn Germany
| | - Gregor Schnakenburg
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Rheinischen Friedrich‐Wilhelms‐Universität Bonn Gerhard‐Domagk‐Straße 1 53121 Bonn Germany
| | - Takahiro Sasamori
- Institute for Chemical Research Kyoto University Gokasho Uji 611‐0011 Kyoto Japan
| | - Rainer Streubel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Rheinischen Friedrich‐Wilhelms‐Universität Bonn Gerhard‐Domagk‐Straße 1 53121 Bonn Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
García CM, Bauzá A, Schnakenburg G, Frontera A, Streubel R. Ambiguous reactivity of Li/Cl phosphinidenoid complexes under redox conditions - a novel dichotomy in phosphorus chemistry. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:933-936. [PMID: 28008440 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc09620d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A novel ambiguous reactivity of Li/Cl phosphinidenoid complexes under redox conditions is described. The outcome of the reaction with hexafluoroacetone is highly dependent on the P-substituent as fluoride substitution occurred in the case of R = CPh3 and C5Me5via a radical pathway, whereas for R = CH(SiMe3)2 a complex having a novel 1,2-diol-type P-ligand was obtained via a closed-shell pathway. DFT calculations reveal a new SET pathway starting with a noncovalent π-hole complex between the phosphinidenoid anion and hexafluoroacetone followed by an elimination of LiF. The second, closed-shell reaction course is strongly influenced by a noncovalent OSi interaction established after the initial nucleophilic attack.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Murcia García
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|