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Guo D, Hong D, Huang Z, Zhou S, Zhu X, Wang S. Reactivity of Rare Earth Metal Alkyl Complexes with Nitriles or Isonitrile: Versatile Ways toward Multiply Functionalized β-Diketiminato, (Iso)indolyl, and Imidazolyl Chelating Rare Earth Metal Complexes. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:9539-9551. [PMID: 38380592 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c04079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
The reactivity of the rare earth metal alkyl complexes LRE(CH2SiMe3)(THF)2 (1RE) [RE = Y (1Y), Yb (1Yb), Lu (1Lu); L = 2,5-[(2-pyrrolyl)CPh2]2(N-methylpyrrole)] with various nitriles and isonitriles has been fully developed. Treatment of the yttrium monoalkyl complex (1Y) with 2 equiv of aromatic nitriles afforded the symmetric trisubstituted β-diketiminato yttrium complexes (2Y(H), 2Y(Me), and 2Y(F)) through successive cyano group insertion into the RE-C bond and 1,3-H shift or the unsymmetric trisubstituted β-diketiminato yttrium complex (3Y) unexpectedly via a 1,3-SiMe3 shift when 4-(trifluoromethyl)benzonitrile was used in this reaction under the same conditions. By treating 1Y with 2 equiv of tolyl acetonitrile, an activation of the sp3 C-H bond occurred to form the corresponding β-aryl keteniminato complexes 4Y(p-tol) and 4Y(m-tol). Remarkably, a heteroleptic cleavage of the CO-CN bond took place in the reaction of 1Y with benzoyl nitrile, affording the unsymmetric trinuclear yttrium complex 5Y bridged by three cyanide groups. Dinuclear ytterbium and lutetium complexes 6Yb and 6Lu containing a functionalized isoindole fragment were synthesized from the reactions of 1 with phthalonitrile by tandem insertion and cyclization. Further studies indicated that the temperature and stoichiometric ratio have a great influence on the reactivity patterns between the reactions of 1RE with benzylisonitrile: two tetrasubstituted β-diketiminato complexes 8 and 9 were obtained at -30 °C, and tetrasubstituted imidazolyl yttrium and lutetium complexes 7 were isolated at elevated temperature, respectively. In addition, the tetrasubstituted β-diketiminato complexes 8 and 9 could be irreversibly converted to the cyclization products 7 by elevating the reaction temperature not only on the NMR scale but also on the preparative scale. Notably, when the phenyl isonitrile instead of benzyl isonitrile was reacted with 1Yb, a 2,3-functionalized indolyl ytterbium complex 10Yb was isolated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianjun Guo
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China
| | - Dongjing Hong
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China
| | - Zeming Huang
- Anhui Laboratory of Clean Catalytic Engineering, Anhui Laboratory of Functional Complexes for Materials Chemistry and Application, College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Shuangliu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China
| | - Xiancui Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China
| | - Shaowu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China
- Anhui Laboratory of Clean Catalytic Engineering, Anhui Laboratory of Functional Complexes for Materials Chemistry and Application, College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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2
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Brennessel WW, Ellis JE. Crystal structures of two novel iron isocyanides from the reaction of 2,6-di-methyl-phenyl isocyanide, CNXyl, with bis-(anthracene)ferrate(-1). Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2022; 78:60-65. [PMID: 35079426 PMCID: PMC8739210 DOI: 10.1107/s205698902101313x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of the [K(18-crown-6)(thf)2]1+ (thf is tetra-hydro-furan) salt of bis-(anthracene)ferrate(-1), or [Fe(C14H10)2]-, with 2,6-di-methyl-phenyl isocyan-ide (CNX-yl) in thf resulted in the formation of two new iron isocyanide complexes, namely, [(1,2,3,4-η)-anthracene]tris-(2,6-di-methyl-phenyl isocyanide)iron, [Fe(C14H10)(C9H9N)3] or [Fe(1,2,3,4-η-C14H10)(CNX-yl)3], and {5,6-bis-(2,6-di-methyl-anilino)-3-(2,6-di-methyl-phen-yl)-1,2,7-tris-[(2,6-di-methyl-phen-yl)imino]-3-azoniahept-3-ene-1,4,7-triido}tris-(2,6-di-methyl-phenyl isocyanide)iron tetra-hydro-furan disolvate, [Fe(C54H56N6)(C9H9N)3]·2C4H8O or [Fe(C54H56N6)(CNX-yl)3]·2C4H8O, which were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The former is likely an inter-mediate along the path to the known homoleptic [Fe(CNX-yl)5], while the latter contains a tridentate ligand that is formed from the 'coupling' of six CNXyl ligands. A third crystal structure from this reaction, (7-methyl-indol-1-ido-κN)(1,4,7,10,13,16-hexa-oxa-cyclo-octa-decane-κ6 O)potassium, [K(C9H8N)(C12H24O6)] or [K(C9H8N)(18-crown-6)], contains a 7-methyl-indol-1-ide anion, in which one CNXyl ligand has shed a proton during its reductive cyclization.
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Affiliation(s)
- William W. Brennessel
- Department of Chemistry, 120 Trustee Road, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - John E. Ellis
- Department of Chemistry, 207 Pleasant Street SE, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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3
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Hasegawa S, Ishida Y, Kawaguchi H. Systematic reductive oligomerization of isocyanides with a vanadium(ii) complex. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:8296-8299. [PMID: 34318820 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc03463d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Using a V(ii) complex as a reducing reagent, we demonstrate controlled reduction of isocyanides, resulting in decyanation of alkyl isocyanides to form a V(iii) cyanide complex or oligomerization of aryl isocyanides to form trimers and a tetramer. The pathways leading to the trimers involve a divanadium ynediamido intermediate, which further reacts with the third isocyanide molecule to selectively produce a tri(imino)deltate or an indolenine complex, by altering the temperature and stoichiometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sui Hasegawa
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan.
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4
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Reinholdt A, Pividori D, Laughlin AL, DiMucci IM, MacMillan SN, Jafari MG, Gau MR, Carroll PJ, Krzystek J, Ozarowski A, Telser J, Lancaster KM, Meyer K, Mindiola DJ. A Mononuclear and High-Spin Tetrahedral Ti II Complex. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:17834-17850. [PMID: 33258366 PMCID: PMC7928263 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A high-spin, mononuclear TiII complex, [(TptBu,Me)TiCl] [TptBu,Me- = hydridotris(3-tert-butyl-5-methylpyrazol-1-yl)borate], confined to a tetrahedral ligand-field environment, has been prepared by reduction of the precursor [(TptBu,Me)TiCl2] with KC8. Complex [(TptBu,Me)TiCl] has a 3A2 ground state (assuming C3v symmetry based on structural studies), established via a combination of high-frequency and -field electron paramagnetic resonance (HFEPR) spectroscopy, solution and solid-state magnetic studies, Ti K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), and both density functional theory and ab initio (complete-active-space self-consistent-field, CASSCF) calculations. The formally and physically defined TiII complex readily binds tetrahydrofuran (THF) to form the paramagnetic adduct [(TptBu,Me)TiCl(THF)], which is impervious to N2 binding. However, in the absence of THF, the TiII complex captures N2 to produce the diamagnetic complex [(TptBu,Me)TiCl]2(η1,η1;μ2-N2), with a linear Ti═N═N═Ti topology, established by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The N2 complex was characterized using XAS as well as IR and Raman spectroscopies, thus establishing this complex to possess two TiIII centers covalently bridged by an N22- unit. A π acid such as CNAd (Ad = 1-adamantyl) coordinates to [(TptBu,Me)TiCl] without inducing spin pairing of the d electrons, thereby forming a unique high-spin and five-coordinate TiII complex, namely, [(TptBu,Me)TiCl(CNAd)]. The reducing power of the coordinatively unsaturated TiII-containing [(ΤptBu,Me)TiCl] species, quantified by electrochemistry, provides access to a family of mononuclear TiIV complexes of the type [(TptBu,Me)Ti═E(Cl)] (with E2- = NSiMe3, N2CPh2, O, and NH) by virtue of atom- or group-transfer reactions using various small molecules such as N3SiMe3, N2CPh2, N2O, and the bicyclic amine 2,3:5,6-dibenzo-7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]hepta-2,5-diene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Reinholdt
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Daniel Pividori
- Inorganic
Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alexander L. Laughlin
- Baker
Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Ida M. DiMucci
- Baker
Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Samantha N. MacMillan
- Baker
Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Mehrafshan G. Jafari
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Michael R. Gau
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Patrick J. Carroll
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - J. Krzystek
- National
High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida
State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Andrew Ozarowski
- National
High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida
State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Joshua Telser
- Department
of Biological, Physical and Health Sciences, Roosevelt University, Chicago, Illinois 60605, United States
| | - Kyle M. Lancaster
- Baker
Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Karsten Meyer
- Inorganic
Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Daniel J. Mindiola
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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5
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Rosenthal U. Update for Reactions of Group 4 Metallocene Bis(trimethylsilyl)acetylene Complexes: A Never-Ending Story? Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- U. Rosenthal
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis at the University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 29A, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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6
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Rosenthal U. Carbon Monoxide Coupling Reactions: A New Concept for the Formation of Hexahydroxybenzene. Chemistry 2020; 26:14507-14511. [PMID: 32428364 PMCID: PMC7756508 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
For linear and cyclic coupling reactions of CO, among other products, the formation of the hexapotassium salt of hexahydroxybenzene is of particular interesting. The interaction of metallic potassium and CO offers, via the assumed K[OC≡CO]K as the result of several carbon monoxide coupling reactions, the formation of C6 (OK)6 among other products. To date, only speculations exist about the reaction pathway for these products, which were first described by Liebig in 1834. A novel concept is suggested here, which consists of the single steps (i) reductive coupling of CO, (ii) formation of dihetero-metallacyclopentynes (cis-2,5-diheterobutatriene as formal ethylenedione O=C=C=O complexes), (iii) formation of its dinuclear 1-metalla-2,5-dioxo-cyclopentyne complexes by external coordination of the triple bond, (iv) insertion of CO into the M-C bond of the formed metallacyclopropene, and (v) the reductive elimination of C6 (OK)6 . The novel aspect of this concept is the formation of dihetero-metallacyclopentynes (in analogy to the well characterized all-C-metallacyclopentynes), which have not been considered in the mechanism of reductive CO coupling reactions. It is expected that the presence of transition-metal impurities would promote the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Rosenthal
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis at theUniversity of RostockAlbert-Einstein-Str. 29A18059RostockGermany
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7
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Wang J, Wang J, Shen L, Zhao Y, Wu B, Yang XJ. Reactions of Dianionic α-Diimine-Supported Dimagnesium(I) Compound [K(THF)3]2[LMg–MgL] with Nitriles. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jijiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, China
| | - Juju Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, China
| | - Lingyi Shen
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, China
| | - Yanxia Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, China
| | - Biao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, China
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8
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Burlakov VV, Andreev MV, Bogdanov VS, Smol’yakov AF, Minacheva MK, Shur VB. Interaction of the Buchwald Seven-Membered Zirconacyclocumulene Complex with Carbonyl Compounds. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir V. Burlakov
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Street 28, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maxim V. Andreev
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Street 28, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vyacheslav S. Bogdanov
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Street 28, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander F. Smol’yakov
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Street 28, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Science, RUDN University, Miklukho-Maklaya Street 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia
- Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Stremyanny Per. 36, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Mariya Kh. Minacheva
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Street 28, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir B. Shur
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Street 28, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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9
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Chen W, Zhao Y, Xu W, Su JH, Shen L, Liu L, Wu B, Yang XJ. Reductive linear- and cyclo-trimerization of isocyanides using an Al–Al-bonded compound. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:9452-9455. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc04344f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Dialumane can promote cyclo-trimerization of isocyanides in the presence of Na, affording the product [Na][LAl{μ-η1:η2-(tBuNC)3}Al(CN)L] with a unique aromatic tri(tert-butylimino)deltate dianion [C3N3(tBu)3]2−.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi’an 710069
- China
| | - Yanxia Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi’an 710069
- China
| | - Wenhua Xu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi’an 710069
- China
| | - Ji-Hu Su
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei 230026
- China
| | - Lingyi Shen
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi’an 710069
- China
| | - Li Liu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi’an 710069
- China
| | - Biao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi’an 710069
- China
| | - Xiao-Juan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi’an 710069
- China
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10
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Beaumier EP, Pearce AJ, See XY, Tonks IA. Modern applications of low-valent early transition metals in synthesis and catalysis. Nat Rev Chem 2019; 3:15-34. [PMID: 30989127 PMCID: PMC6462221 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-018-0059-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Low-valent early transition metals are often intrinsically highly reactive as a result of their strong propensity toward oxidation to more stable high-valent states. Harnessing these highly reducing complexes for productive reactivity is potentially powerful for C-C bond construction, organic reductions, small-molecule activation and many other reactions that offer orthogonal chemoselectivity and/or regioselectivity patterns to processes promoted by late transition metals. Recent years have seen many exciting new applications of low-valent metals through building new catalytic and/or multicomponent reaction manifolds out of classical reactivity patterns. In this Review, we survey new methods that employ early transition metals and invoke low-valent precursors or intermediates in order to identify common themes and strategies in synthesis and catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan P. Beaumier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Adam J. Pearce
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Xin Yi See
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Ian A. Tonks
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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11
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Arndt P, Reiß M, Spannenberg A, Schünemann C, Reiß F, Beweries T. A general benzylic C–H activation and C–C coupling reaction of zirconocenes mediated by C–N bond cleavage in tert-butylisocyanide – unusual formation of iminoacyl complexes. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:16525-16533. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt03120k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Reactions of the zirconocene alkyne complex [rac-(ebthi)Zr(η2-Me3SiC2SiMe3)] (rac-(ebthi) = rac-1,2-ethylene-1,1′-bis(η5-tetrahydroindenyl)) with tert-butylisocyanide and methylbenzenes were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perdita Arndt
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock
- Rostock
- Germany
| | - Melanie Reiß
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock
- Rostock
- Germany
| | - Anke Spannenberg
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock
- Rostock
- Germany
| | - Claas Schünemann
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock
- Rostock
- Germany
| | - Fabian Reiß
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock
- Rostock
- Germany
| | - Torsten Beweries
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock
- Rostock
- Germany
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12
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Rosenthal U. Reactions of Group 4 Metallocene Bis(trimethylsilyl)acetylene Complexes with Nitriles and Isonitriles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:14718-14735. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201805157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Rosenthal
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis at the; University of Rostock; Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29A 18059 Rostock Germany
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13
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Rosenthal U. Reaktionen von Gruppe-4-Metallocen-Komplexen des Bis(trimethylsilyl)acetylens mit Nitrilen und Isonitrilen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201805157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- U. Rosenthal
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse an der; Universität Rostock; Albert-Einstein-Straße 29A 18059 Rostock Deutschland
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14
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Marchetti F. Constructing Organometallic Architectures from Aminoalkylidyne Diiron Complexes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201800659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Marchetti
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale; University of Pisa; Via Moruzzi 13 I-56124 Pisa Italy
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15
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Chen J, Yassin N, Gunasekara T, Norton JR, Rauch M. Insertion of Isonitriles into the M-C Bonds of Group 4 Dialkyl Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:8980-8989. [PMID: 29907010 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b05377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The 2,3-dimethylbutadiene complexes of Group 4 metals with constrained geometry (cg) ligands have been prepared and found to adopt a supine orientation with σ2,π bonding. Treatment of cgTi(2,3-dimethylbutadiene) (1-Ti) with tBuNC leads to the formation of a titana-aziridine (3) with a coordinated cyclopentenimine that arises from the formal [4+1] addition of the diene to the isonitrile. In contrast, the reactions of cgZr(2,3-dimethylbutadiene) (1-Zr) or cgHf(2,3-dimethylbutadiene) (1-Hf) with 2 equiv of tBuNC or XyNC proceeded in a more sophisticated manner to yield unsymmetrical 2,5-diazametallacyclopentane derivatives (4, 6-Zr, and 6-Hf) or symmetrical 2,5-diazametallacyclopentene complexes (7-Zr and 7-Hf). The unsymmetrical products contain coordinated cyclopropanes; the strength of the interaction is measured by the reduction in the 1 JCC of the C-C bond that is coordinated. A detailed mechanistic analysis has been possible with the related cgM(Me)2 (M = Ti and Hf) complexes. The first insertion is too fast to monitor, but allows complete conversion to an alkyl iminoacyl intermediate. The second isonitrile (RNC) may react with that intermediate by either of two different mechanisms, reductive elimination and coordination/insertion. In the first mechanism (Ti), rate-determining C-C coupling gives a titana-aziridine, followed by fast coordination of the isonitrile. In the second mechanism (Hf), coordination is the slow step; insertion to form a bis(iminoacyl) Hf complex is rapid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Chen
- Department of Chemistry , Columbia University , 3000 Broadway , New York , New York 10027 , United States
| | - Nadine Yassin
- Department of Chemistry , Barnard College , 3009 Broadway , New York , New York 10027 , United States
| | - Thilina Gunasekara
- Department of Chemistry , Columbia University , 3000 Broadway , New York , New York 10027 , United States
| | - Jack R Norton
- Department of Chemistry , Columbia University , 3000 Broadway , New York , New York 10027 , United States
| | - Michael Rauch
- Department of Chemistry , Columbia University , 3000 Broadway , New York , New York 10027 , United States
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Merz LS, Wadepohl H, Clot E, Gade LH. Dehydrogenative coupling of 4-substituted pyridines mediated by a zirconium(ii) synthon: reaction pathways and dead ends. Chem Sci 2018; 9:5223-5232. [PMID: 29997877 PMCID: PMC6001252 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc01025k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of the reductive homocoupling of pyridine derivatives mediated by the ZrII synthon [(PNP)Zr(η6-toluene)Cl] (1) has been investigated.
The mechanism of the reductive homocoupling of pyridine derivatives mediated by the ZrII synthon [(PNP)Zr(η6-toluene)Cl] (1) has been investigated. Selective transformation into three different types of product complexes has been observed, depending on the N-heterocyclic substrate employed: the bipyridyl complexes 3-R (R = Me, Et, tBu, Bn, Ph, CHCHPh), which are the homocoupling products, the η2-((4-dimethylamino)pyridyl) complex 4 as well as the bis(isoquinolinyl) complex 5. By deuterium labelling experiments the participation of the ligand backbone in the pyridine coupling reaction via potential cyclometallation steps was ruled out. Based on DFT modelling of the possible reaction sequences a reaction mechanism for the coupling sequence could be identified. The latter is initiated by a reductive syn C–C coupling rather than based on an initial C–H activation of the pyridine substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas S Merz
- Anorganisch Chemisches Institut , Universität Heidelberg , Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany .
| | - Hubert Wadepohl
- Anorganisch Chemisches Institut , Universität Heidelberg , Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany .
| | - Eric Clot
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier , UMR 5253 CNRS-UM-ENSCM , Université de Montpellier , Place Eugène Bataillon, Bât 15, cc1501 , 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5 , France .
| | - Lutz H Gade
- Anorganisch Chemisches Institut , Universität Heidelberg , Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany .
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Becker L, Rosenthal U. Five-membered all-C- and hetero-metallacycloallenoids of group 4 metallocenes. Coord Chem Rev 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2016.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Reiß F, Altenburger K, Hollmann D, Spannenberg A, Jiao H, Arndt P, Rosenthal U, Beweries T. Redox-Disproportionation of a Decamethyltitanocene(III) Isonitrile Alkynyl Complex. Chemistry 2017; 23:7891-7895. [PMID: 28418598 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201701374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Reiß
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der; Universität Rostock; Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Kai Altenburger
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der; Universität Rostock; Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Dirk Hollmann
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der; Universität Rostock; Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Anke Spannenberg
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der; Universität Rostock; Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Haijun Jiao
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der; Universität Rostock; Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Perdita Arndt
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der; Universität Rostock; Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Uwe Rosenthal
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der; Universität Rostock; Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Torsten Beweries
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der; Universität Rostock; Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
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Sietzen M, Batke S, Antoni PW, Wadepohl H, Ballmann J. Benzylene-linked [PNP] scaffolds and their cyclometalated zirconium and hafnium complexes. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:5816-5834. [PMID: 28401977 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt00413c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The benzylene-linked [PNP] scaffolds HN(CH2-o-C6H4PPh2)2 ([A]H) and HN(C6H4-o-CH2PPh2)2 ([B]H) have been used for the synthesis of zirconium and hafnium complexes. For both ligands, the dimethylamides [A]M(NMe2)3 ([A]1-M) and [B]M(NMe2)3 ([B]1-M) were prepared and converted to the iodides [A]MI3 ([A]2-M) and [B]MI3 ([B]2-M) (M = Zr, Hf). Starting from these iodides, the corresponding benzyl derivatives [A]MBn3 ([A]3-M) and [B]MBn3 ([B]3-M) (M = Zr, Hf) were obtained via reaction with Bn2Mg(OEt2)2. For zirconium, the benzylic ligand positions in [A]3-Zr and [B]3-Zr were found to cyclometalate readily, which led to the corresponding κ4-[PCNP]ZrBn2 complexes [A]4-Zr and [B]4-Zr. As these complexes failed to hydrogenate cleanly, cyclometalated derivatives with only one alkyl substituent were targeted and the mixed benzyl chlorides κ4-[PCNP]MBnCl ([B]5-M, M = Zr, Hf) were obtained in the case of ligand [B]. Upon hydrogenation of [B]5-Zr, the η6-tolyl complex [B]Zr(η6-C7H8)Cl ([B]6-Zr) was generated cleanly, but the corresponding hafnium complex [B]5-Hf was found to decompose unselectively in the presence of H2. Using a closely related carbazole-based [PNP] ligand, Gade and co-workers have shown recently that zirconium η6-arene complexes similar to [B]6-Zr may serve as zirconium(ii) synthons, namely when reacted with 2,6-Dipp-NC (L) or pyridine (py). Both these substrates were shown to react cleanly with [B]6-Zr, which led to the formation of the bis-isocyanide complex [B]ZrCl(L)2 ([B]7-Zr) and the 2,2'-bipyridine derivative [B]ZrCl(bipy) ([B]8-Zr), respectively. Upon reaction of [B]Zr(η6-C7H8)Cl ([B]6-Zr) with NaBEt3H, the cyclometalated derivative κ4-[PCNP]Zr(η6-C7H8) ([B]9-Zr) was isolated. In an attempt to synthesise terminal hydrides, complexes [A]MI3 ([A]2-M) were treated with KBEt3H, which led to the isolation of the cyclometalated hydrido complexes κ4-[PCNP]M(H)(κ3-Et3BH) ([A]10-M; M = Zr, Hf) featuring a κ3-bound triethyl borohydride moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malte Sietzen
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 276, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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