1
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Wang N, Li Y, Zheng M, Dong W, Zhang Q, Wang W. BhrPETase catalyzed polyethylene terephthalate depolymerization: A quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics approach. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 477:135414. [PMID: 39102770 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is a widely used material in our daily life, particularly in areas such as packaging, fibers, and engineering plastics. However, PET waste can accumulate in the environment and pose a great threat to our ecosystem. Recently enzymatic conversion has emerged as an efficient and green strategy to address the PET crisis. Here, using a theoretical approach combining molecular dynamics simulation and quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics calculations, the depolymerization mechanism of the thermophilic cutinase BhrPETase was fully deciphered. Surprisingly, unlike the previously studied cutinase LCCICCG, our results indicate that the first step, catalytic triad assisted nucleophilic attack, is the rate-determining step. The corresponding Boltzmann weighted average energy barrier is 18.2 kcal/mol. Through extensive comparison between BhrPETase and LCCICCG, we evidence that key features like charge CHis@N1 and angle APET@C1-Ser@O1-His@H1 significantly impact the depolymerization efficiency of BhrPETase. Non-covalent bond interaction and distortion/interaction analysis inform new insights on enzyme engineer and may aid the recycling of enzymatic PET waste. This study will aid the advancement of the plastic bio-recycling economy and promote resource conservation and reuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningru Wang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Yanwei Li
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China.
| | - Mingna Zheng
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Weiliang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, PR China.
| | - Qingzhu Zhang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Wenxing Wang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
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2
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Lin D, Futaba DN, Kobashi K, Zhang M, Muroga S, Chen G, Tsuji T, Hata K. A Microwave-Assisted, Solvent-Free Approach for the Versatile Functionalization of Carbon Nanotubes. ACS NANO 2023; 17:3976-3983. [PMID: 36752763 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c12789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
While the functionalization of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) has attracted extensive interest for a wide range of applications, a facial and versatile strategy remains in demand. Here, we report a microwave-assisted, solvent-free approach to directly functionalize CNTs both in raw form and in arbitrary macroscopic assemblies. Rapid microwave irradiation was applied to generate active sites on the CNTs while not inducing excessive damage to the graphitic network, and a gas-phase deposition afforded controllable grafting for thorough or regioselective functionalization. Using methyl methacrylate (MMA) as a model functional group and a CNT sponge as a model assembly, homogeneous grafting was exhibited by the increased robust hydrophobicity (contact angle increase from 30 to 140°) and improved structural stability (compressive modulus increased by 135%). Therefore, when our MMA-functionalized CNTs served as a solar absorber for saline distillation, high operating stability with a superior water evaporation rate of ∼2.6 kg m-2 h-1 was observed. Finally, to highlight the efficacy and versatility of this functionalization approach, we fabricated asymmetrically hydrophobic CNT sponges by regioselective functionalization to serve as a moisture-driven generator, which demonstrated a stable open-circuit voltage of 0.6 mV. This versatile, solvent-free approach can complement conventional solution-based techniques in the design and fabrication of multifunctional nanocarbon-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dewu Lin
- Nano Carbon Device Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Don N Futaba
- Nano Carbon Device Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Kazufumi Kobashi
- Nano Carbon Device Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Minfang Zhang
- Nano Carbon Device Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Shun Muroga
- Nano Carbon Device Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Guohai Chen
- Nano Carbon Device Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Takashi Tsuji
- Nano Carbon Device Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Kenji Hata
- Nano Carbon Device Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
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3
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Zheng M, Li Y, Dong W, Feng S, Zhang Q, Wang W. Computational biotransformation of polyethylene terephthalate by depolymerase: A QM/MM approach. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 423:127017. [PMID: 34464862 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Despite increasing environmental concerns on ever-lasting Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET), its global production is continuously growing. Effective strategies that can completely remove PET from environment are urgently desired. Here biotransformation processes of PET by one of the most effective enzymes, leaf-branch compost cutinase (LCC), were systematically explored with Molecular Dynamics and Quantum Mechanics/Molecular Mechanics approaches. We found that four concerted steps are required to complete the whole catalytic cycle. The last concerted step, deacylation, was determined as the rate-determining step with Boltzmann-weighted average barrier of 13.6 kcal/mol and arithmetic average of 16.1 ± 2.9 kcal/mol. Interestingly, unprecedented fluctuations of hydrogen bond length during LCC catalyzed transformation process toward PET were found. This fluctuation was also observed in enzyme IsPETase, indicating that it may widely exist in other catalytic triad (Ser-His-Asp) containing enzymes as well. In addition, possible features (bond, angle, dihedral angle and charge) that influence the catalytic reaction were identified and correlations between activation energies and key features were established. Our results present new insights into catalytic mechanism of hydrolases and shed light on the efficient recycling of the ever-lasting PET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingna Zheng
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao Campus, 266237, PR China
| | - Yanwei Li
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao Campus, 266237, PR China.
| | - Weiliang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Shanshan Feng
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao Campus, 266237, PR China
| | - Qingzhu Zhang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao Campus, 266237, PR China
| | - Wenxing Wang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao Campus, 266237, PR China
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4
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Wang YN, Wang X, Li SJ, Lan Y. Carbene-enabled ether activation through the formation of oxonium: a theoretical view. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01730f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Here, we report a theoretical investigation of the reactivity and chemoselectivity of carbene-enabled ether activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan Wang
- College of Chemistry, and Institute of Green Catalysis, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Xinghua Wang
- College of Chemistry, and Institute of Green Catalysis, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Shi-Jun Li
- College of Chemistry, and Institute of Green Catalysis, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Yu Lan
- College of Chemistry, and Institute of Green Catalysis, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, P. R. China
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5
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He X, Kevlishvili I, Murcek K, Liu P, Star A. [2π + 2π] Photocycloaddition of Enones to Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Creates Fluorescent Quantum Defects. ACS NANO 2021; 15:4833-4844. [PMID: 33689301 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c09583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have been widely applied in biomedical fields such as drug delivery, biosensing, bioimaging, and tissue engineering. Understanding their reactivity with biomolecules is important for these applications. We describe here a photoinduced cycloaddition reaction between enones and SWCNTs. By creating covalent and tunable sp3 defects in the sp2 carbon lattice of SWCNTs through [2π + 2π] photocycloaddition, a bright red-shifted photoluminescence was gradually generated. The photocycloaddition functionalization was demonstrated with various organic molecules bearing an enone functional group, including biologically important oxygenated lipid metabolites. The mechanism of this reaction was studied empirically and using computational methods. Density functional theory calculations were employed to elucidate the identity of the reaction product and understand the origin of different substrate reactivities. The results of this study can enable engineering of the optical and electronic properties of semiconducting SWCNTs and provide understanding into their interactions with the lipid biocorona.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun He
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, and §Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Ilia Kevlishvili
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, and §Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Katherina Murcek
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, and §Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, and §Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Alexander Star
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, and §Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
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6
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Zheng X, Wang J, Rao J. The Chemistry in Surface Functionalization of Nanoparticles for Molecular Imaging. Mol Imaging 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816386-3.00021-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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7
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He X, Zhu L, Heng D, Liu F, Liu S, Zhong K, Shan C, Bai R, Lan Y. Mechanistic insights into the rhodium–copper cascade catalyzed dual C–H annulation of indoles. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo01332c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Density functional theory (DFT) calculations have been performed to provide mechanistic insight into the Rh/Cu co-catalyzed multicomponent annulation of indoles, diazo compounds, and α,β-unsaturated esters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 400030
- China
| | - Lei Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 400030
- China
| | - Dan Heng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 400030
- China
| | - Fenru Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 400030
- China
| | - Shihan Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 400030
- China
| | - Kangbao Zhong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 400030
- China
| | - Chunhui Shan
- College of Chemistry
- Chongqing Normal University
- Chongqing 401331
- China
| | - Ruopeng Bai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 400030
- China
| | - Yu Lan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 400030
- China
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8
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Luo X, Liu S, Lan Y. Mechanism and Regioselectivity of 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition of Nitrile Oxides to 3‐Methylene Oxindole: A Density Functional Theory Study. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202002672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Luo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Inorganic Functional Materials, College of ChemistryChongqing Normal University Chongqing 401331 China
| | - Song Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational ChemistrySchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringChongqing University Chongqing 400030 China
| | - Yu Lan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational ChemistrySchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringChongqing University Chongqing 400030 China
- College of Chemistryand Institute of Green CatalysisZhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan 450001 China
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9
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Yang ZH, Wang Q, Zhuo S, Xu LP. Mechanistic Study on Palladium-Catalyzed Regioselective Oxidative Amination: Roles of Ammonium Salts. J Org Chem 2020; 85:6981-6991. [PMID: 32396725 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Anti-Markovnikov selective oxidative amination reaction with simple alkenes is particularly promising but challenging because of the inherent electronic effect of the alkene substrate which is in favor of the Markovnikov product. In a recently reported Pd-catalyzed anti-Markovnikov oxidative amination reaction, the addition of quaternary ammonium salts is shown to be critical. We performed a comprehensive DFT study to elucidate the reaction mechanism and the origin of the regioselectivity, as well as the roles of the ammonium salts. Our results show that without and with the ammonium salts the reaction mechanisms are different. Detailed analyses indicate that the steric effects account for the switch of regioselectivity. The roles of the quaternary ammonium salts have been elucidated: (1) Me4NOAc plays the role of base in deprotonating the phthalimide and allows the reaction to proceed through a trans-aminopalladation mechanism; (2) Me4NCl facilitates the thermodynamically favorable transformation of Pd(OAc)2 to the palladate ([Pd(AcO)2Cl2]2-), which lessens the polarity of the carbon-carbon double bond, minimizes the inherent electronic effects, and leads to a steric-effect-controlled reaction; (3) Me4NCl is essential in decreasing the activation barrier in the rate-determining ligand exchange step by Cl- acting as a better leaving group (compared to AcO-).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Hua Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, 266 West Xincun Road, Zibo, 255000, P. R. China
| | - Qian Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, 266 West Xincun Road, Zibo, 255000, P. R. China
| | - Shuping Zhuo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, 266 West Xincun Road, Zibo, 255000, P. R. China
| | - Li-Ping Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, 266 West Xincun Road, Zibo, 255000, P. R. China
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10
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Fernández I. Understanding the reactivity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and related compounds. Chem Sci 2020; 11:3769-3779. [PMID: 34122846 PMCID: PMC8152634 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc00222d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This perspective article summarizes recent applications of the combination of the activation strain model of reactivity and the energy decomposition analysis methods to the study of the reactivity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and related compounds such as cycloparaphenylenes, fullerenes and doped systems. To this end, we have selected representative examples to highlight the usefulness of this relatively novel computational approach to gain quantitative insight into the factors controlling the so far not fully understood reactivity of these species. Issues such as the influence of the size and curvature of the system on the reactivity are covered herein, which is crucial for the rational design of novel compounds with tuneable applications in different fields such as materials science or medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid 28040-Madrid Spain
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11
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Sangolkar AA, Pawar R. Prediction of the [4 + 2]- and [5 + 4]-cycloaddition reactions in zig-zag carbon nanotubes via an ambimodal transition state: density functional theory calculations. RSC Adv 2020; 10:11111-11120. [PMID: 35495313 PMCID: PMC9050518 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra10252c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A unique type of chemical reaction known as an ambimodal reaction has drawn tremendous attention owing to its intriguing feature of forming multiple (two or more) products from the same (single) transition state. In contrast to conventional reactions, bifurcation of the potential energy surface takes place in ambimodal reactions. Density functional theory (DFT) based calculations were performed to probe the Diels–Alder (DA) cycloaddition reactions of various carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with 1,3-butadiene. The present investigation reveals the possibility of ambimodal transition state formation on a potential energy surface (PES) corresponding to an unusual [5 + 4]-cycloadduct along with the conventional [4 + 2]-cycloadduct. The ground state of the [5 + 4]-cycloadduct obtained from butadiene and the H-terminated CNTs is a triplet (3T) state, but on the other hand the [4 + 2]-cycloadduct is a singlet (1S) state. The [5 + 4]-adduct is energetically more stable in comparison with the [4 + 2]-adduct. The possibility of the formation of the [5 + 4]-adduct is validated using frontier molecular orbitals. The length of the nanotube significantly influences the overall kinetics and thermodynamics of the reaction. A DFT study has been performed to unveil the ambimodal reaction in H-terminated CNTs.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ravinder Pawar
- Department of Chemistry
- National Institute of Technology (NIT) Warangal
- India
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12
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Querard P, Li CJ. Direct synthesis of indenes via a rhodium-catalyzed multicomponent C sp2-H annulation reaction. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 16:8042-8047. [PMID: 30349921 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob02359j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A highly efficient, direct and multicomponent route for the synthesis of indenes is reported herein. This process is catalyzed by a rhodium(iii) complex and conducted under very mild conditions, making the overall process atom and step-economical. DFT mechanistic studies were performed to explore the mechanism of this reaction system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Querard
- Department of Chemistry, and FQRNT Center for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada.
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13
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Mechanistic insight into cobalt-catalyzed stereodivergent semihydrogenation of alkynes: The story of selectivity control. J Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2018.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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14
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Breugst M, Huisgen R, Reissig HU. Regioselective 1,3-Dipolar Cycloadditions of Diazoalkanes with Heteroatom-Substituted Alkynes: Theory and Experiment. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Breugst
- Department für Chemie; Universität zu Köln; Greinstr. 4 50939 Köln Germany
| | - Rolf Huisgen
- Department Chemie; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Butenandtstraße 5-13 (Haus F) 81377 München Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Reissig
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie; Freie Universität Berlin; Takustr. 3 14195 Berlin Germany
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15
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Cui CX, Zhang ZP, Zhu L, Qu LB, Zhang YP, Lan Y. Reactivity and regioselectivity in Diels-Alder reactions of anion encapsulated fullerenes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 19:30393-30401. [PMID: 29119190 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp06365b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Encapsulation and surface chemical modification are methodologies to enhance the properties of fullerenes for various applications. Herein, density functional theory calculations are performed to study the Diels-Alder (DA) reactivity of anion encapsulated C60, including [X@C60]- (X = F, Cl, Br, or I), [S@C60]2-, and [N@C60]3-. Computational results reveal that encapsulated Cl-, Br-, I-, or S2- anions are located close to the center of the C60 molecule; however, encapsulated F- is displaced from the center. Encapsulated N3- bonds to the inner surface of the carbon cage, which leads to a negative charge transfer to the C60. In [N@C60]3-, C-C bonds near to the encapsulated N atom are more reactive. Our calculations reveal that encapsulated halogen or S anions decrease the DA reactivity because of the stronger closed-shell repulsion of the encapsulated anion. However, encapsulated N3- increases the DA reactivity. The higher distortion energy of the halogen- or S2--anion encapsulated C60 leads to lower reactivity of the 6-5 bond. Opposite regioselectivity of the DA reaction with [N@C60]3- is attributed to distortion energy of the cyclopentadiene (CPD) moiety. The asymmetrical transition state geometry leads to a lower distortion energy of the CPD moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Xing Cui
- Postdoctoral Research Base, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, People's Republic of China
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo A. Denis
- Computational Nanotechnology, DETEMA; Facultad de Química, UDELAR, CC 1157; 11800 Montevideo Uruguay
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17
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18
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Li Y, Shan C, Yang YF, Shi F, Qi X, Houk KN, Lan Y. Mechanism, Regio-, and Diastereoselectivity of Rh(III)-Catalyzed Cyclization Reactions of N-Arylnitrones with Alkynes: A Density Functional Theory Study. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:4496-4504. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b01020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yingzi Li
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, People’s Republic of China
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los
Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Chunhui Shan
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yun-Fang Yang
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los
Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Fuqiang Shi
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los
Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Xiaotian Qi
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, People’s Republic of China
| | - K. N. Houk
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los
Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Yu Lan
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, People’s Republic of China
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19
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Yue X, Qi X, Bai R, Lei A, Lan Y. Mononuclear or Dinuclear? Mechanistic Study of the Zinc-Catalyzed Oxidative Coupling of Aldehydes and Acetylenes. Chemistry 2017; 23:6419-6425. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201700733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Yue
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Chongqing University; Chongqing 400030 P. R. China
| | - Xiaotian Qi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Chongqing University; Chongqing 400030 P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences; Wuhan University, Wuhan; 430072 Hubei P. R. China
| | - Ruopeng Bai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Chongqing University; Chongqing 400030 P. R. China
| | - Aiwen Lei
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences; Wuhan University, Wuhan; 430072 Hubei P. R. China
| | - Yu Lan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Chongqing University; Chongqing 400030 P. R. China
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20
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Zhang T, Qi X, Liu S, Bai R, Liu C, Lan Y. Computational Investigation of the Role Played by Rhodium(V) in the Rhodium(III)-Catalyzed ortho
-Bromination of Arenes. Chemistry 2017; 23:2690-2699. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201605188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Chongqing University; Chongqing 400030 P.R. China
| | - Xiaotian Qi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Chongqing University; Chongqing 400030 P.R. China
| | - Song Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Chongqing University; Chongqing 400030 P.R. China
| | - Ruopeng Bai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Chongqing University; Chongqing 400030 P.R. China
| | - Chao Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation; Suzhou Research Institute of LICP; Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP); Chinese Academy of Sciences; Lanzhou P.R. China
| | - Yu Lan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Chongqing University; Chongqing 400030 P.R. China
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Fernández I, Bickelhaupt FM. Deeper Insight into the Diels-Alder Reaction through the Activation Strain Model. Chem Asian J 2016; 11:3297-3304. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201601203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Israel Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I; Universidad Complutense de Madrid; Ciudad Universitaria 28040- Madrid Spain
| | - F. Matthias Bickelhaupt
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM); Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; De Boelelaan 1083 1081 HV Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Institute of Molecules and Materials; Radboud University; Heyendaalseweg 135 6525 AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo A. Denis
- Computational Nanotechnology, DETEMA; Facultad de Química, UDELAR, CC 1157; 11800 Montevideo Uruguay
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