1
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Rölz M, Butschke B, Breit B. Azobenzene-Integrated NHC Ligands: A Versatile Platform for Visible-Light-Switchable Metal Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:13210-13225. [PMID: 38709955 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
A new class of photoswitchable NHC ligands, named azImBA, has been developed by integrating azobenzene into a previously unreported imidazobenzoxazol-1-ylidene framework. These rigid photochromic carbenes enable precise control over confinement around a metal's coordination sphere. As a model system, gold(I) complexes of these NHCs exhibit efficient bidirectional E-Z isomerization under visible light, offering a versatile platform for reversibly photomodulating the reactivity of organogold species. Comprehensive kinetic studies of the protodeauration reaction reveal rate differences of up to 2 orders of magnitude between the E and Z isomers of the NHCs, resulting in a quasi-complete visible-light-gated ON/OFF switchable system. Such a high level of photomodulation efficiency is unprecedented for gold complexes, challenging the current state-of-the-art in photoswitchable organometallics. Thorough investigations into the ligand properties paired with structure-reactivity correlations underscored the unique ligand's steric features as a key factor for reactivity. This effective photocontrol strategy was further validated in gold(I) catalysis, enabling in situ photoswitching of catalytic activity in the intramolecular hydroalkoxylation and -amination of alkynes. Given the significance of these findings and its potential as a widely applicable, easily customizable photoswitchable ancillary ligand platform, azImBA is poised to stimulate the development of adaptive, multifunctional metal complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Rölz
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Burkhard Butschke
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Breit
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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2
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Chen R, Hammoud A, Aoun P, Martínez-Aguirre MA, Vanthuyne N, Maruchenko R, Brocorens P, Bouteiller L, Raynal M. Switchable supramolecular helices for asymmetric stereodivergent catalysis. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4116. [PMID: 38750046 PMCID: PMC11096402 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48412-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite recent developments on the design of dynamic catalysts, none of them have been exploited for the in-situ control of multiple stereogenic centers in a single molecular scaffold. We report herein that it is possible to obtain in majority any amongst the four possible stereoisomers of an amino alcohol by means of a switchable asymmetric catalyst built on supramolecular helices. Hydrogen-bonded assemblies between a benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide (BTA) achiral phosphine ligand coordinated to copper and a chiral BTA comonomer are engaged in a copper-hydride catalyzed hydrosilylation and hydroamination cascade process. The nature of the product stereoisomer is related to the handedness of the helices and can thus be directed in a predictable way by changing the nature of the major enantiomer of the BTA comonomer present in the assemblies. The strategy allows all stereoisomers to be obtained one-pot with similar selectivities by conducting the cascade reaction in a concomitant manner, i.e. without inverting the handedness of the helices, or sequentially, i.e. by switching the handedness of the supramolecular helices between the hydrosilylation and hydroamination steps. Supramolecular helical catalysts appear as a unique and versatile platform to control the configuration of molecules or polymers embedding several stereogenic centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Chen
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Equipe Chimie des Polymères, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Ahmad Hammoud
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Equipe Chimie des Polymères, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Paméla Aoun
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Equipe Chimie des Polymères, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Mayte A Martínez-Aguirre
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Equipe Chimie des Polymères, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Vanthuyne
- Aix Marseille Université, Centrale Marseille, CNRS, iSm2, UMR 7313, 13397, Marseille, Cedex 20, France
| | - Régina Maruchenko
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Equipe Chimie des Polymères, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Patrick Brocorens
- Service de Chimie des Matériaux Nouveaux, Institut de Recherche sur les Matériaux, Université de Mons, 20B-7000, 20 B-7000, Mons, Belgium
| | - Laurent Bouteiller
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Equipe Chimie des Polymères, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Matthieu Raynal
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Equipe Chimie des Polymères, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France.
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3
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Acosta-Calle S, Huebsch EZ, Kolmar SS, Whited MT, Chen CH, Miller AJM. Regulating Access to Active Sites via Hydrogen Bonding and Cation-Dipole Interactions: A Dual Cofactor Approach to Switchable Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 38598724 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogen bonding networks are ubiquitous in biological systems and play a key role in controlling the conformational dynamics and allosteric interactions of enzymes. Yet in small organometallic catalysts, hydrogen bonding rarely controls ligand binding to the metal center. In this work, a hydrogen bonding network within a well-defined organometallic catalyst works in concert with cation-dipole interactions to gate substrate access to the active site. An ammine ligand acts as one cofactor, templating a hydrogen bonding network within a pendent crown ether and preventing the binding of strong donor ligands, such as nitriles, to the nickel center. Sodium ions are the second cofactor, disrupting hydrogen bonding to enable switchable ligand substitution reactions. Thermodynamic analyses provide insight into the energetic requirements of the different supramolecular interactions that enable substrate gating. The dual cofactor approach enables switchable catalytic hydroamination of crotononitrile. Systematic comparisons of catalysts with varying structural features provide support for the critical role of the dual cofactors in achieving on/off catalysis with substrates containing strongly donating functional groups that might otherwise interfere with switchable catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Acosta-Calle
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Elsa Z Huebsch
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Scott S Kolmar
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Matthew T Whited
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton College, Northfield, Minnesota 55057, United States
| | - Chun-Hsing Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Alexander J M Miller
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
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4
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Guin AK, Pal S, Chakraborty S, Chakraborty S, Paul ND. Oxygen Dependent Switchable Selectivity during Ruthenium Catalyzed Selective Synthesis of C3-Alkylated Indoles and Bis(indolyl)methanes. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 38015094 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report a ligand-centered redox-controlled oxygen-dependent switchable selectivity during ruthenium-catalyzed selective synthesis of C3-alkylated indoles and bis(indolyl)methanes (BIMs). A wide variety of C3-alkylated indoles and BIMs were prepared selectively in moderate to good isolated yields by coupling a wide variety of indoles and alcohols, catalyzed by a well-defined, air-stable, and easy-to-prepare Ru(II)-catalyst (1a) bearing a redox-active tridentate pincer (L1a). Catalyst 1a efficiently catalyzed the C3-alkylation of indoles under an argon atmosphere while, under an oxygen environment, exclusively producing the BIMs. A few drug molecules containing BIMs were also synthesized efficiently. 1a exhibited excellent chemoselectivity with alcohols containing internal carbon-carbon double bonds. Mechanistic investigation revealed that the coordinated azo-aromatic ligand actively participates during the catalysis. During the dehydrogenation of alcohols, the azo-moiety of the ligand stores the hydrogen removed from the alcohols and subsequently transfers the hydrogen to the alkylideneindolenine intermediate, forming the C3-alkylated indoles. While under an oxygen environment, the transfer of hydrogen from the ligand scaffold to the molecular oxygen generates H2O2, leaving no scope for hydrogenation of the alkylideneindolenine intermediate, rather than it undergoing 1,4-Michael-type addition forming the BIMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar Guin
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103, India
| | - Subhasree Pal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103, India
| | - Subhajit Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103, India
| | - Santana Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103, India
| | - Nanda D Paul
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103, India
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Zhang Y, El Sayed S, Kang L, Sanger M, Wiegand T, Jessop PG, DeBeer S, Bordet A, Leitner W. Adaptive Catalysts for the Selective Hydrogenation of Bicyclic Heteroaromatics using Ruthenium Nanoparticles on a CO 2 -Responsive Support. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202311427. [PMID: 37677109 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202311427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Ruthenium nanoparticles (NPs) immobilized on an amine-functionalized polymer-grafted silica support act as adaptive catalysts for the hydrogenation of bicyclic heteroaromatics. Whereas full hydrogenation of benzofuran and quinoline derivatives is achieved under pure H2 , introducing CO2 into the H2 gas phase leads to an effective shutdown of the arene hydrogenation while preserving the activity for the hydrogenation of the heteroaromatic part. The selectivity switch originates from the generation of ammonium formate species on the surface of the materials by catalytic hydrogenation of CO2 . The CO2 hydrogenation is fully reversible, resulting in a robust and rapid switch between the two states of the catalyst adapting its performance in response to the feed gas composition. A variety of benzofuran and quinoline derivatives were hydrogenated to fully or partially saturated products in high selectivity and yields simply by altering the composition of the feed gas from H2 to H2 /CO2 . The adaptive catalytic system thus provides controlled access to valuable products using a single catalyst rather than two specific and distinct catalysts with static reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyan Zhang
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Department of Molecular Catalysis, Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Sami El Sayed
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Liqun Kang
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Department of Molecular Catalysis, Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Matthew Sanger
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thomas Wiegand
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Department of Molecular Catalysis, Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Philip G Jessop
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Serena DeBeer
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Department of Molecular Catalysis, Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Alexis Bordet
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Department of Molecular Catalysis, Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Walter Leitner
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Department of Molecular Catalysis, Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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6
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Kommidi SSR, Smith BD. Supramolecular Complexation of Azobenzene Dyes by Cucurbit[7]uril. J Org Chem 2023; 88:8431-8440. [PMID: 37256736 PMCID: PMC10843849 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This report describes cucurbit[7]uril (CB7) complexation of azobenzene dyes that have a 4-(N,N'-dimethylamino) or 4-amino substituent. Absorption and NMR data show that CB7 encapsulates the protonated form of the azobenzene and that the complexed dye exists as its azonium tautomer with a trans azo conformation and substantial quinoid resonance character. Because CB7 complexation stabilizes the dye conjugate acid, there is an upward shift in its pKa, and in one specific case, the pKa of the protonated azobenzene is increased from 3.09 to 4.47. Molecular modeling indicates that the CB7/azobenzene complex is stabilized by three major noncovalent factors: (i) ion-dipole interactions between the partially cationic 4-(N,N'-dimethylamino) or 4-amino group on the encapsulated protonated azobenzene and the electronegative carbonyl oxygens on CB7, (ii) inclusion of the upper aryl ring of the azobenzene within the hydrophobic CB7 cavity, and (iii) a hydrogen bond between the proton on the azo nitrogen and CB7 carbonyls. CB7 complexation enhances azobenzene stability and increases azobenzene hydrophilicity; thus, it is a promising way to improve azobenzene performance as a pigment or prodrug. In addition, the striking yellow/pink color change that accompanies CB7 complexation can be exploited to create azobenzene dye displacement assays with naked eye detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Shradha Reddy Kommidi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - Bradley D. Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
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7
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Liu J, Bobylev EO, de Bruin B, Reek JNH. A photoresponsive gold catalyst based on azobenzene-functionalized NHC ligands. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023. [PMID: 37377028 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc01726e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
An azobenzene-bearing N-heterocyclic carbene-based gold catalyst is reported of which the reactivity in a cyclization reaction depends on the isomeric state of the azobenzene. The configurations of the catalyst can be reversibly switched by light and are stable during the reaction, effectively leading to a switchable catalyst system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghua Liu
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired Catalysis (HomKat), Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam (UvA), Science Park 904, Amsterdam 1098XH, The Netherlands.
| | - Eduard O Bobylev
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired Catalysis (HomKat), Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam (UvA), Science Park 904, Amsterdam 1098XH, The Netherlands.
| | - Bas de Bruin
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired Catalysis (HomKat), Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam (UvA), Science Park 904, Amsterdam 1098XH, The Netherlands.
| | - Joost N H Reek
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired Catalysis (HomKat), Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam (UvA), Science Park 904, Amsterdam 1098XH, The Netherlands.
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8
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Singhania A, Kalita S, Chettri P, Ghosh S. Accounts of applied molecular rotors and rotary motors: recent advances. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:3177-3208. [PMID: 37325522 PMCID: PMC10262963 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00010a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Molecular machines are nanoscale devices capable of performing mechanical works at molecular level. These systems could be a single molecule or a collection of component molecules that interrelate with one another to produce nanomechanical movements and resulting performances. The design of the components of molecular machine with bioinspired traits results in various nanomechanical motions. Some known molecular machines are rotors, motors, nanocars, gears, elevators, and so on based on their nanomechanical motion. The conversion of these individual nanomechanical motions to collective motions via integration into suitable platforms yields impressive macroscopic output at varied sizes. Instead of limited experimental acquaintances, the researchers demonstrated several applications of molecular machines in chemical transformation, energy conversion, gas/liquid separation, biomedical use, and soft material fabrication. As a result, the development of new molecular machines and their applications has accelerated over the previous two decades. This review highlights the design principles and application scopes of several rotors and rotary motor systems because these machines are used in real applications. This review also offers a systematic and thorough overview of current advancements in rotary motors, providing in-depth knowledge and predicting future problems and goals in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anup Singhania
- Natural Product Chemistry Group, Chemical Sciences & Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science & Technology Jorhat 785006 Assam India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
| | - Sudeshna Kalita
- Natural Product Chemistry Group, Chemical Sciences & Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science & Technology Jorhat 785006 Assam India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
| | - Prerna Chettri
- Natural Product Chemistry Group, Chemical Sciences & Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science & Technology Jorhat 785006 Assam India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
| | - Subrata Ghosh
- Natural Product Chemistry Group, Chemical Sciences & Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science & Technology Jorhat 785006 Assam India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
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9
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Acosta-Calle S, Miller AJM. Tunable and Switchable Catalysis Enabled by Cation-Controlled Gating with Crown Ether Ligands. Acc Chem Res 2023; 56:971-981. [PMID: 36977400 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
ConspectusCatalysis has become an essential tool in science and technology, impacting the discovery of pharmaceuticals, the manufacture of commodity chemicals and plastics, the production of fuels, and much more. In most cases, a particular catalyst is optimized to mediate a particular reaction, continually producing a desired product at a given rate. There is enormous opportunity in developing catalysts that are dynamic, capable of responding to a change in the environment to alter structure and function. Controlled catalysis, in which the activity or selectivity of a catalytic reaction can be adjusted through an external stimulus, offers opportunities for innovation in catalysis. Catalyst discovery could be simplified if a single thoughtfully designed complex could work synergistically with additives to optimize performance rather than trying a multitude of different metal/ligand combinations. Temporal control could be gained to facilitate the execution of multiple reactions in the same flask, for example, by activating one catalyst and deactivating another to avoid incompatibilities. Selectivity switching could enable copolymer synthesis with well-defined chemical and material properties. These applications might sound futuristic for synthetic catalysts, but in nature, such a degree of controlled catalysis is commonplace. For example, allosteric interactions and/or feedback loops modulate enzymatic activity to enable complex small-molecule synthesis and sequence-defined polymerization reactions in complex mixtures containing many catalytic sites. In many cases, regulation is achieved by "gating" substrate access to the active site. Fundamental advances in catalyst design are needed to better understand the factors that enable controlled catalysis in the arena of synthetic chemistry, particularly in achieving substrate gating outside of macromolecular environments. In this Account, the development of design principles for achieving cation-controlled catalysis is described. The guiding hypothesis was that gating substrate access to a catalyst site could be achieved by controlling the dynamics of a hemilabile ligand through secondary Lewis acid/base and/or cation-dipole interactions. To enforce such interactions, catalysts sitting at the interface of organometallic catalysis and supramolecular chemistry were designed. A macrocyclic crown ether was incorporated into a robust organometallic pincer ligand, and these "pincer-crown ether" ligands have been explored in catalysis. Complementary studies of controlled catalysis and detailed mechanistic analysis guided the development of iridium, nickel, and palladium pincer-crown ether catalysts capable of substrate gating. Toggling the gate between open and closed states leads to switchable catalysis, where cation addition/removal changes the turnover frequency or the product selectivity. Varying the degree of gating leads to tunable catalysis, where the activity can be tuned based on the identity and amount of salt added. Research has focused on reactions of alkenes, particularly isomerization reactions, which has in turn led to design principles for cation-controlled catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Acosta-Calle
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Alexander J M Miller
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
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10
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Cai W, Zheng S, Pang W, Si G, Tan C. Photoresponsive thiourea and urea catalysts for ring‐opening polymerization of L‐lactide. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20220496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Cai
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
| | - Shengquan Zheng
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
| | - Wenmin Pang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
| | - Guifu Si
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
| | - Chen Tan
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education Anhui University Hefei China
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11
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Switchable aqueous catalytic systems for organic transformations. Commun Chem 2022; 5:115. [PMID: 36697818 PMCID: PMC9814960 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-022-00734-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In living organisms, enzyme catalysis takes place in aqueous media with extraordinary spatiotemporal control and precision. The mechanistic knowledge of enzyme catalysis and related approaches of creating a suitable microenvironment for efficient chemical transformations have been an important source of inspiration for the design of biomimetic artificial catalysts. However, in "nature-like" environments, it has proven difficult for artificial catalysts to promote effective chemical transformations. Besides, control over reaction rate and selectivity are important for smart application purposes. These can be achieved via incorporation of stimuli-responsive features into the structure of smart catalytic systems. Here, we summarize such catalytic systems whose activity can be switched 'on' or 'off' by the application of stimuli in aqueous environments. We describe the switchable catalytic systems capable of performing organic transformations with classification in accordance to the stimulating agent. Switchable catalytic activity in aqueous environments provides new possibilities for the development of smart materials for biomedicine and chemical biology. Moreover, engineering of aqueous catalytic systems can be expected to grow in the coming years with a further broadening of its application to diverse fields.
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12
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Chen X, Gilissen PJ, Tinnemans P, Vanthuyne N, Rutjes FPJT, Feringa BL, Elemans JAAW, Nolte RJM. Enantiodivergent epoxidation of alkenes with a photoswitchable phosphate manganese-salen complex. NATURE SYNTHESIS 2022; 1:873-882. [PMID: 36353682 PMCID: PMC7613796 DOI: 10.1038/s44160-022-00157-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The development of enantiodivergent catalysts capable of preparing both enantiomeric products from one substrate in a controlled fashion is challenging. Introducing a switching function into the catalyst can address this challenge, allowing the chiral reaction environment to reversibly change during catalysis. Here we report a photoswitchable phosphate ligand, derived from 2,2'-biphenol, which axially coordinates as the counter ion to an achiral manganese(III) salen catalyst, providing the latter with the ability to switch stereoselectivity in the epoxidation of alkenes. The enantiomers of the chiral ligand exist as a pair of pseudo-enantiomers, which can be interconverted by irradiation with light of different wavelengths. The opposite axial chirality of these pseudo-enantiomers is efficiently transferred to the manganese(III) salen catalyst. With this switchable supramolecular catalyst, the enantioselectivity of the epoxidation of a variety of alkenes can be controlled, resulting in opposite enantiomeric excesses of the epoxide products. This transfer of chirality from a photoswitchable anionic ligand to a metal complex broadens the scope of supramolecular catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Chen
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter J Gilissen
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Tinnemans
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nicolas Vanthuyne
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France
| | - Floris P J T Rutjes
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes A A W Elemans
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Roeland J M Nolte
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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13
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Zhang Z, Wang W, O'Hagan M, Dai J, Zhang J, Tian H. Stepping Out of the Blue: From Visible to Near-IR Triggered Photoswitches. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202205758. [PMID: 35524420 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202205758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Light offers unique opportunities for controlling the activity of materials and biosystems with high spatiotemporal resolution. Molecular photoswitches are chromophores that undergo reversible isomerization between different states upon irradiation with light, allowing a convenient means to control their influence over the system of interest. However, a significant limitation of classical photoswitches is the requirement to initiate the switching in one or both directions using deleterious UV light with poor tissue penetration. Red-shifted photoswitches are hence in high demand and have attracted keen recent research interest. In this Review, we highlight recent progress towards the development of visible- and NIR-activated photoswitches characterized by distinct photochromic reaction mechanisms. We hope to inspire further endeavors in this field, allowing the full potential of these tools in biotechnology and materials chemistry applications to be realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Wenhui Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Michael O'Hagan
- Institute of Chemistry, The Minerva Center for Bio-hybrid Complex Systems, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Jinghong Dai
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Junji Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - He Tian
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
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14
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Jiao J, Maisonneuve S, Xie J. Synthesis and Azobenzene Isomerization Investigation of Photoswitchable Glycomacrocycles. J Org Chem 2022; 87:8534-8543. [PMID: 35729754 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Macrocyclic glycoazobenzenes, as an emerging class of photoswitchable chiral macrocyclic compounds, have shown interesting properties since their discovery in 2017. We have recently employed the azobenzene-ester-linked glycosyl donor-acceptor pairs to study the influence of photoisomerization on intramolecular glycosylation. To continue the investigation on the stereoselectivity aspect of glycosylation and also to enlarge the diversity of photoswitchable glycomacrocycles, we have chosen azobenzene-triazole linkers in the present study and shown that the stereoselectivity of the glycosylation is dependent on the linker length, the configuration of the azobenzene template, as well as the reaction concentration. We have optimized the reaction conditions to prepare in good yields new glycomacrocycles, which displayed excellent photochromic properties. The influence of glycosylation reagents and acidity on the stability of the Z-azobenzene substrates and cyclic glycoazobenzenes has also been investigated, demonstrating that isomerization of macrocyclic azobenzene can be tuned by photo-, thermo-, and acid stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbiao Jiao
- ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Photophysique et Photochimie Supramoléculaires et Macromoléculaires, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette 91190, France
| | - Stéphane Maisonneuve
- ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Photophysique et Photochimie Supramoléculaires et Macromoléculaires, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette 91190, France
| | - Juan Xie
- ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Photophysique et Photochimie Supramoléculaires et Macromoléculaires, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette 91190, France
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15
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Gallarati S, Fabregat R, Juraskova V, Inizan TJ, Corminboeuf C. How Robust Is the Reversible Steric Shielding Strategy for Photoswitchable Organocatalysts? J Org Chem 2022; 87:8849-8857. [PMID: 35762705 PMCID: PMC9295146 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A highly appealing strategy to modulate a catalyst's activity and/or selectivity in a dynamic and noninvasive way is to incorporate a photoresponsive unit into a catalytically competent molecule. However, the description of the photoinduced conformational or structural changes that alter the catalyst's intrinsic reactivity is often reduced to a handful of intuitive static representations, which can struggle to capture the complexity of flexible organocatalysts. Here, we show how a comprehensive exploration of the free energy landscape of N-alkylated azobenzene-tethered piperidine catalysts is essential to unravel the conformational characteristics of each configurational state and explain the experimentally observed reactivity trends. Mapping the catalysts' conformational space highlights the existence of false ON or OFF states that lower their switching ability. Our findings expose the challenges associated with the realization of a reversible steric shielding for the photocontrol of Brønsted basicity of piperidine photoswitchable organocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Gallarati
- Laboratory for Computational Molecular Design, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Raimon Fabregat
- Laboratory for Computational Molecular Design, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Veronika Juraskova
- Laboratory for Computational Molecular Design, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Theo Jaffrelot Inizan
- Laboratory for Computational Molecular Design, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Clemence Corminboeuf
- Laboratory for Computational Molecular Design, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland.,National Center for Competence in Research─Catalysis (NCCR-Catalysis), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland.,National Center for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
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16
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Zhang Z, Wang W, O’Hagan M, Dai J, Zhang J, Tian H. Stepping Out of the Blue: From Visible to Near‐IR Triggered Photoswitches. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202205758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Zhang
- East China University of Science and Technology School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Dept. Chem Shanghai CHINA
| | - Wenhui Wang
- East China University of Science and Technology School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Dept. Chem CHINA
| | | | - Jinghong Dai
- East China University of Science and Technology School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Dept. Chem CHINA
| | - Junji Zhang
- East China University of Science and Technology School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Dept. Chem Shanghai CHINA
| | - He Tian
- East China University of Science and Technology School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Institute of Fine Chemicals Meilong Road 130 200237 Shanghai! CHINA
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17
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Tang Y, Luo Y, Xiang J, He Y, Fan Q. Rhodium‐Catalyzed ON‐OFF Switchable Hydrogenation Using a Molecular Shuttle Based on a [2]Rotaxane with a Phosphine Ligand. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202200638. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202200638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu‐Ping Tang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Yi‐Er Luo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Jun‐Feng Xiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Yan‐Mei He
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Qing‐Hua Fan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
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18
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Tang Y, Luo Y, Xiang J, He Y, Fan Q. Rhodium‐Catalyzed ON‐OFF Switchable Hydrogenation Using a Molecular Shuttle Based on a [2]Rotaxane with a Phosphine Ligand. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202200638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu‐Ping Tang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Yi‐Er Luo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Jun‐Feng Xiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Yan‐Mei He
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Qing‐Hua Fan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
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19
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Park S, Byun S, Ryu H, Hahm H, Lee J, Hong S. Reversibly Photoswitchable Catalysts for Olefin Metathesis Reactions. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c04281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seongwook Park
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdan-gwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
- Grubbs Center for Polymers and Catalysis, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdan-gwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghwan Byun
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdan-gwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Huijeoung Ryu
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdan-gwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungwoo Hahm
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdan-gwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Junseong Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukwon Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdan-gwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
- Grubbs Center for Polymers and Catalysis, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdan-gwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdan-gwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
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20
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Cera G, Giovanardi G, Secchi A, Arduini A. Merging Molecular Recognition and Gold(I) Catalysis with Triphoscalix[6]arene Ligands. Chemistry 2021; 27:10261-10266. [PMID: 34002908 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis and characterization of novel triphosphine calix[6]arene ligands. These supramolecular wheels, with recognition features governed by the hydrogen-bonding domain, were employed to synthesize multitasking trinuclear gold(I) complexes as a new platform for the synthesis of interwoven (pseudo)rotaxane species. In parallel, the multivalent, metal-bonded upper rim displayed catalytic features promoting highly selective gold-catalyzed cycloisomerization reactions of 1,6-enynes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianpiero Cera
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Gabriele Giovanardi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Andrea Secchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Arturo Arduini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
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21
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Kunfi A, Jablonkai I, Gazdag T, Mayer PJ, Kalapos PP, Németh K, Holczbauer T, London G. A photoresponsive palladium complex of an azopyridyl-triazole ligand: light-controlled solubility drives catalytic activity in the Suzuki coupling reaction. RSC Adv 2021; 11:23419-23429. [PMID: 35479800 PMCID: PMC9036612 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra03838a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, the design and synthesis of a click-derived Pd-complex merged with a photoswitchable azobenzene unit is presented. While in the trans-form of the switch the complex showed limited solubility, the photogenerated cis-form rendered the molecule soluble in polar solvents. This light-controllable solubility was exploited to affect the catalytic activity in the Suzuki coupling reaction. The effect of the substrate and catalyst concentration and light intensity on the proceeding and outcome of the reaction was studied. Dehalogenation of the aryl iodide starting material was found to be a major side reaction; however, its occurrence was dependent on the applied light intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila Kunfi
- MTA TTK Lendület Functional Organic Materials Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences Magyar tudósok krt. 2. 1117 Budapest Hungary
| | - István Jablonkai
- MTA TTK Lendület Functional Organic Materials Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences Magyar tudósok krt. 2. 1117 Budapest Hungary
| | - Tamás Gazdag
- MTA TTK Lendület Functional Organic Materials Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences Magyar tudósok krt. 2. 1117 Budapest Hungary .,Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University Pázmány Péter stny. 1/A 1117 Budapest Hungary
| | - Péter J Mayer
- MTA TTK Lendület Functional Organic Materials Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences Magyar tudósok krt. 2. 1117 Budapest Hungary .,Institute of Chemistry, University of Szeged Rerrich tér 1. 6720 Szeged Hungary
| | - Péter Pál Kalapos
- MTA TTK Lendület Functional Organic Materials Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences Magyar tudósok krt. 2. 1117 Budapest Hungary
| | - Krisztina Németh
- Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University Pázmány Péter stny. 1/A 1117 Budapest Hungary.,MS Metabolomics Research Group, Instrumentation Center, Research Centre for Natural Sciences Magyar tudósok krt. 2 1117 Budapest Hungary
| | - Tamás Holczbauer
- Centre for Structural Science and Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences Magyar tudósok krt. 2. 1117 Budapest Hungary
| | - Gábor London
- MTA TTK Lendület Functional Organic Materials Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences Magyar tudósok krt. 2. 1117 Budapest Hungary
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22
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Cera G, Arduini A, Secchi A, Credi A, Silvi S. Heteroditopic Calix[6]arene Based Intervowen and Interlocked Molecular Devices. CHEM REC 2021; 21:1161-1181. [PMID: 33656250 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Since the dawn of supramolecular chemistry, calixarenes have been employed as platforms onto which functional groups and binding sites can be loaded in a regio- and stereocontrolled manner for the recognition of charged and neutral species. Despite their wider annulus, potentially suitable to bind larger guests, the larger members of the calixarene series have been relatively less employed, mainly because of the synthetic difficulties to control their conformational flexibility and their regioselective functionalization. In this account, we will present the achievements gained during the last two decades on the use of the calix[6]arene as a platform to build-up structures in which the macrocycle acts as a wheel for the synthesis of oriented (pseudo)rotaxanes. We also account on how these calix[6]arene hosts affect the reactivity or spectroscopic properties of their bound guests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianpiero Cera
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, I-43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Arturo Arduini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, I-43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Andrea Secchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, I-43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Alberto Credi
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale "Toso Montanari", Viale del Risorgimento 4, I-40136, Bologna, Italy.,Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Foto reattività, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Gobetti 101, 40129, Bologna, Italy
| | - Serena Silvi
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician", Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, I-40126, Bologna, Italy
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23
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Goswami A, Gaikwad S, Schmittel M. A Switchable Catalyst Duo for Acyl Transfer Proximity Catalysis and Regulation of Substrate Selectivity. Chemistry 2021; 27:2997-3001. [PMID: 33022776 PMCID: PMC7898682 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Enzymes are encoded with a gamut of information to catalyze a highly selective transformation by selecting the proper reactants from an intricate mixture of constituents. Mimicking biological machinery, two switchable catalysts with differently sized cavities and allosteric control are conceived that allow complementary size-selective acyl transfer in an on/off manner by modulating the effective local concentration of the substrates. Selective activation of one of two catalysts in a mixture of reactants of similar reactivity enabled upregulation of the desired product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abir Goswami
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie IUniversity of SiegenAdolf-Reichwein Str. 257068SiegenGermany
| | - Sudhakar Gaikwad
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie IUniversity of SiegenAdolf-Reichwein Str. 257068SiegenGermany
| | - Michael Schmittel
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie IUniversity of SiegenAdolf-Reichwein Str. 257068SiegenGermany
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24
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Camp AM, Kita MR, Blackburn PT, Dodge HM, Chen CH, Miller AJM. Selecting Double Bond Positions with a Single Cation-Responsive Iridium Olefin Isomerization Catalyst. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:2792-2800. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c11601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M. Camp
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599−3290, United States
| | - Matthew R. Kita
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599−3290, United States
| | - P. Thomas Blackburn
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599−3290, United States
| | - Henry M. Dodge
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599−3290, United States
| | - Chun-Hsing Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599−3290, United States
| | - Alexander J. M. Miller
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599−3290, United States
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25
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Del Giudice D, Spatola E, Cacciapaglia R, Casnati A, Baldini L, Ercolani G, Di Stefano S. Time Programmable Locking/Unlocking of the Calix[4]arene Scaffold by Means of Chemical Fuels. Chemistry 2020; 26:14954-14962. [PMID: 32757429 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we report that 2-cyano-2-phenylpropanoic acid and its p-Cl, p-CH3 and p-OCH3 derivatives can be used as chemical fuels to control the geometry of the calix[4]arene scaffold in its cone conformation. It is shown that, under the action of the fuel, the cone calix[4]arene platform assumes a "locked" shape with two opposite aromatic rings strongly convergent and the other two strongly divergent ("pinched cone" conformation). Only when the fuel is exhausted, the cone calix[4]arene scaffold returns to its resting, "unlocked" shape. Remarkably, the duration of the "locked" state can be controlled at will by varying the fuel structure or amount. A kinetic study of the process shows that the consume of the fuel is catalyzed by the "unlocked" calixarene that behaves as an autocatalyst for its own production. A mechanism is proposed for the reaction of fuel consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Del Giudice
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma La Sapienza and ISB-CNR Sede Secondaria di Roma-Meccanismi di Reazione, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Emanuele Spatola
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma La Sapienza and ISB-CNR Sede Secondaria di Roma-Meccanismi di Reazione, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Roberta Cacciapaglia
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma La Sapienza and ISB-CNR Sede Secondaria di Roma-Meccanismi di Reazione, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Alessandro Casnati
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità, Ambientale, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Laura Baldini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità, Ambientale, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Ercolani
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133, Roma, Italy
| | - Stefano Di Stefano
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma La Sapienza and ISB-CNR Sede Secondaria di Roma-Meccanismi di Reazione, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
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26
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Jeong M, Park J, Kwon S. Molecular Switches and Motors Powered by Orthogonal Stimuli. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202001179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Myeongsu Jeong
- Department of Chemistry Chung‐Ang University Heukseok‐ro, Dongjak‐gu 06974 Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoon Park
- Department of Chemistry Chung‐Ang University Heukseok‐ro, Dongjak‐gu 06974 Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Sunbum Kwon
- Department of Chemistry Chung‐Ang University Heukseok‐ro, Dongjak‐gu 06974 Seoul Republic of Korea
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27
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Dodge HM, Kita MR, Chen CH, Miller AJM. Identifying and Evading Olefin Isomerization Catalyst Deactivation Pathways Resulting from Ion-Tunable Hemilability. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c03784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Henry M. Dodge
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Matthew R. Kita
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Chun-Hsing Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Alexander J. M. Miller
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
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Zhang Y, Woods TJ, Rauchfuss TB. Application of Hemilabile Ligands to “At-Metal Switching” Hydrogenation Catalysis. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Illinois Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Toby J. Woods
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Illinois Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Thomas B. Rauchfuss
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Illinois Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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29
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Rajappan SC, McCarthy DR, Campbell JP, Ferrell JB, Sharafi M, Ambrozaite O, Li J, Schneebeli ST. Selective Monofunctionalization Enabled by Reaction-History-Dependent Communication in Catalytic Rotaxanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:16668-16674. [PMID: 32525593 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202006305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Selective monofunctionalization of substrates with distant, yet equally reactive functional groups is difficult to achieve, as it requires the second functional group to selectively modulate its reactivity once the first functional group has reacted. We now show that mechanically interlocked catalytic rings can effectively regulate the reactivity of stoppering groups in rotaxanes over a distance of about 2 nm. Our mechanism of communication is enabled by a unique interlocked design, which effectively removes the catalytic rings from the substrates by fast dethreading as soon as the first reaction has taken place. Our method not only led to a rare example of selective monofunctionalization, but also to a "molecular if function". Overall, the study presents a way to get distant functional groups to communicate with each other in a reaction-history-dependent manner by creating linkers that can ultimately perform logical operations at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinu C Rajappan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Dillon R McCarthy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Joseph P Campbell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Jonathon B Ferrell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Mona Sharafi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Ona Ambrozaite
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Jianing Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
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30
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Ludwig J, Helberg J, Zipse H, Herges R. Azo-dimethylaminopyridine-functionalized Ni(II)-porphyrin as a photoswitchable nucleophilic catalyst. Beilstein J Org Chem 2020; 16:2119-2126. [PMID: 32952728 PMCID: PMC7476594 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.16.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We present the synthesis and the photochemical and catalytic switching properties of an azopyridine as a photoswitchable ligand, covalently attached to a Ni(II)-porphyrin. Upon irradiation with 530 nm (green light), the azopyridine switches to the cis configuration and coordinates with the Ni2+ ion. Light of 435 nm (violet) isomerizes the ligand back to the trans configuration, which decoordinates for steric reasons. This so-called record player design has been used previously to switch the spin state of Ni2+ between singlet and triplet. We now use the coordination/decoordination process to switch the catalytic activity of the dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) unit. DMAP is a known catalyst in the nitroaldol (Henry) reaction. Upon coordination to the Ni2+ ion, the basicity of the pyridine lone pair is attenuated and hence the catalytic activity is reduced. Decoordination restores the catalytic activity. The rate constants in the two switching states differ by a factor of 2.2, and the catalytic switching is reversible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannis Ludwig
- Otto Diels Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Kiel, Otto-Hahn-Platz 3-4, Kiel D-24098, Germany
| | - Julian Helberg
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet Muenchen, Butenandtstrasse 5–13, 81377 Muenchen, Germany
| | - Hendrik Zipse
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet Muenchen, Butenandtstrasse 5–13, 81377 Muenchen, Germany
| | - Rainer Herges
- Otto Diels Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Kiel, Otto-Hahn-Platz 3-4, Kiel D-24098, Germany
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31
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Fares M, Wu X, Ramesh D, Lewis W, Keller PA, Howe ENW, Pérez‐Tomás R, Gale PA. Stimuli‐Responsive Cycloaurated “OFF‐ON” Switchable Anion Transporters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202006392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Fares
- School of Chemistry The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales 2006 Australia
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Bioscience, Molecular Horizons University of Wollongong Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute Wollongong NSW 2522 Australia
| | - Xin Wu
- School of Chemistry The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales 2006 Australia
| | - Deepthi Ramesh
- Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics Cancer Cell Biology Research Group University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | - William Lewis
- School of Chemistry The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales 2006 Australia
| | - Paul A. Keller
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Bioscience, Molecular Horizons University of Wollongong Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute Wollongong NSW 2522 Australia
| | - Ethan N. W. Howe
- School of Chemistry The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales 2006 Australia
- GlaxoSmithKline GSK Jurong 1 Pioneer Sector 1 Singapore 628413 Singapore
| | - Ricardo Pérez‐Tomás
- Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics Cancer Cell Biology Research Group University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | - Philip A. Gale
- School of Chemistry The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales 2006 Australia
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32
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Fares M, Wu X, Ramesh D, Lewis W, Keller PA, Howe ENW, Pérez-Tomás R, Gale PA. Stimuli-Responsive Cycloaurated "OFF-ON" Switchable Anion Transporters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:17614-17621. [PMID: 32583552 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202006392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Anion transporters have shown potential application as anti-cancer agents that function by disrupting homeostasis and triggering cell death. In this research article we report switchable anion transport by gold complexes of anion transporters that are "switched on" in situ in the presence of the reducing agent GSH by decomplexation of gold. GSH is found in higher concentrations in tumors than in healthy tissue and hence this approach offers a strategy to target these systems to tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Fares
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia.,School of Chemistry & Molecular Bioscience, Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Xin Wu
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Deepthi Ramesh
- Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Cancer Cell Biology Research Group, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - William Lewis
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Paul A Keller
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Bioscience, Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Ethan N W Howe
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia.,GlaxoSmithKline, GSK Jurong, 1 Pioneer Sector 1, Singapore, 628413, Singapore
| | - Ricardo Pérez-Tomás
- Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Cancer Cell Biology Research Group, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Philip A Gale
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
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34
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Rajappan SC, McCarthy DR, Campbell JP, Ferrell JB, Sharafi M, Ambrozaite O, Li J, Schneebeli ST. Selective Monofunctionalization Enabled by Reaction‐History‐Dependent Communication in Catalytic Rotaxanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202006305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sinu C. Rajappan
- Department of Chemistry University of Vermont Burlington VT 05405 USA
| | | | | | | | - Mona Sharafi
- Department of Chemistry University of Vermont Burlington VT 05405 USA
| | - Ona Ambrozaite
- Department of Chemistry University of Vermont Burlington VT 05405 USA
| | - Jianing Li
- Department of Chemistry University of Vermont Burlington VT 05405 USA
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35
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Poyer S, Choi CM, Deo C, Bogliotti N, Xie J, Dugourd P, Chirot F, Salpin JY. Kinetic study of azobenzene E/Z isomerization using ion mobility-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-UV detection. Analyst 2020; 145:4012-4020. [PMID: 32347851 DOI: 10.1039/d0an00048e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Z and E azobenzene isomers are molecular switches which can interconvert both photochemically and thermally. Presently, we studied a ketal-substituted bridged azobenzene in which two stable diastereomeric conformers (Z1 and Z2) photochemically interconvert through the transient E isomer. UV-VIS absorption spectroscopy is commonly used to study the relaxation kinetics of azobenzenes, but it does not allow direct quantitation of the process in this case. In the present paper, liquid chromatography coupled to UV detection (LC-UV) and ion mobility-mass spectrometry (IMS-MS) were combined to study the thermal back relaxation kinetics of the E isomer. LC separation of the three isomers was achieved in less than 10 minutes, allowing the characterization of the relatively slow thermal back relaxation kinetics at low temperature through UV detection. In addition, the faster E→Z thermal back relaxation at higher temperature was studied using IMS-MS, which allows shorter timescale separation than LC. Baseline separation of the two Z isomers was achieved in IMS-MS for [Z + Ag]+ ions, and their gas-phase conformations were determined by IRMPD experiments. Both IMS-MS and LC-UV methodologies succeeded to study the E→Z thermal back relaxation kinetics, and appeared to be complementary techniques. We show that the combination of the two techniques allows the characterization of the isomerization processes over a broad temperature range, and the determination of the associated thermodynamic observables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salomé Poyer
- Université Paris-Saclay, Univ Evry, CNRS, LAMBE, 91025, Evry-Courcouronnes, France.
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36
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Pizzolato SF, Štacko P, Kistemaker JCM, van Leeuwen T, Feringa BL. Phosphoramidite-based photoresponsive ligands displaying multifold transfer of chirality in dynamic enantioselective metal catalysis. Nat Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1038/s41929-020-0452-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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37
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Corra S, Curcio M, Baroncini M, Silvi S, Credi A. Photoactivated Artificial Molecular Machines that Can Perform Tasks. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1906064. [PMID: 31957172 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201906064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Research on artificial photoactivated molecular machines has moved in recent years from a basic scientific endeavor toward a more applicative effort. Nowadays, the prospect of reproducing the operation of natural nanomachines with artificial counterparts is no longer a dream but a concrete possibility. The progress toward the construction of molecular-machine-based devices and materials in which light irradiation results in the execution of a task as a result of nanoscale movements is illustrated here. After a brief description of a few basic types of photoactivated molecular machines, significant examples of their exploitation to perform predetermined functions are presented. These include switchable catalysts, nanoactuators that interact with cellular membranes, transporters of small molecular cargos, and active joints capable of mechanically coupling molecular-scale movements. Investigations aimed at harnessing the collective operation of a multitude of molecular machines organized in arrays to perform tasks at the microscale and macroscale in hard and soft materials are also reviewed. Surfaces, gels, liquid crystals, polymers, and self-assembled nanostructures are described wherein the nanoscale movement of embedded molecular machines is amplified, allowing the realization of muscle-like actuators, microfluidic devices, and polymeric materials for light energy transduction and storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Corra
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-alimentari, Università di Bologna, Viale Fanin 44, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Curcio
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-alimentari, Università di Bologna, Viale Fanin 44, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Massimo Baroncini
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-alimentari, Università di Bologna, Viale Fanin 44, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Serena Silvi
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician", Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alberto Credi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-alimentari, Università di Bologna, Viale Fanin 44, 40127, Bologna, Italy
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38
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Jongkind LJ, Reek JNH. Asymmetric Hydroformylation Using a Rhodium Catalyst Encapsulated in a Chiral Capsule. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:867-875. [PMID: 32020766 PMCID: PMC7155075 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201901771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Supramolecular capsules can be used to change the activity and selectivity of a catalyst through the influence of the second coordination sphere, reminiscent of how enzymes control the selectivity of their processes. In enzymes, this approach is used to also control the enantioselectivity of reactions in which the active catalytic site is often not chiral but the second coordination sphere is. We are interested in the possibility to generate a chiral second coordination sphere around an otherwise achiral transition metal complex for asymmetric catalysis. In this paper we show that the ligand template approach can be used to generate a chiral second coordination sphere around a rhodium complex, which is used in asymmetric hydroformylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas J. Jongkind
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired Catalysis Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Joost N. H. Reek
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired Catalysis Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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39
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Niedek D, Erb FR, Topp C, Seitz A, Wende RC, Eckhardt AK, Kind J, Herold D, Thiele CM, Schreiner PR. In Situ Switching of Site-Selectivity with Light in the Acetylation of Sugars with Azopeptide Catalysts. J Org Chem 2020; 85:1835-1846. [PMID: 31763833 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We present a novel concept for the in situ control of site-selectivity of catalytic acetylations of partially protected sugars using light as external stimulus and oligopeptide catalysts equipped with an azobenzene moiety. The isomerizable azobenzene-peptide backbone defines the size and shape of the catalytic pocket, while the π-methyl-l-histidine (Pmh) moiety transfers the electrophile. Photoisomerization of the E- to the Z-azobenzene catalyst (monitored via NMR) with an LED (λ = 365 nm) drastically changes the chemical environment around the catalytically active Pmh moiety, so that the light-induced change in the catalyst shape alters site-selectivity. As a proof of principle, we employed (4,6-O-benzylidene)methyl-α-d-pyranosides, which provide a change in regioselectivity from 2:1 (E) to 1:5 (Z) for the monoacetylated products at room temperature. The validity of this new catalyst-design concept is further demonstrated with the regioselective acetylation of the natural product quercetin. In situ irradiation NMR spectroscopy was used to quantify photostationary states under continuous irradiation with UV light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Niedek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry , Justus Liebig University , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 , 35392 Giessen , Germany
| | - Frederik R Erb
- Institute of Organic Chemistry , Justus Liebig University , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 , 35392 Giessen , Germany
| | - Christopher Topp
- Institute of Organic Chemistry , Justus Liebig University , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 , 35392 Giessen , Germany
| | - Alexander Seitz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry , Justus Liebig University , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 , 35392 Giessen , Germany
| | - Raffael C Wende
- Institute of Organic Chemistry , Justus Liebig University , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 , 35392 Giessen , Germany
| | - André K Eckhardt
- Institute of Organic Chemistry , Justus Liebig University , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 , 35392 Giessen , Germany
| | - Jonas Kind
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie , Technische Universität Darmstadt , Alarich-Weiss-Str. 16 , 64287 Darmstadt , Germany
| | - Dominik Herold
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie , Technische Universität Darmstadt , Alarich-Weiss-Str. 16 , 64287 Darmstadt , Germany
| | - Christina M Thiele
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie , Technische Universität Darmstadt , Alarich-Weiss-Str. 16 , 64287 Darmstadt , Germany
| | - Peter R Schreiner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry , Justus Liebig University , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 , 35392 Giessen , Germany
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40
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Zhou YN, Li JJ, Wu YY, Luo ZH. Role of External Field in Polymerization: Mechanism and Kinetics. Chem Rev 2020; 120:2950-3048. [PMID: 32083844 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The past decades have witnessed an increasing interest in developing advanced polymerization techniques subjected to external fields. Various physical modulations, such as temperature, light, electricity, magnetic field, ultrasound, and microwave irradiation, are noninvasive means, having superb but distinct abilities to regulate polymerizations in terms of process intensification and spatial and temporal controls. Gas as an emerging regulator plays a distinctive role in controlling polymerization and resembles a physical regulator in some cases. This review provides a systematic overview of seven types of external-field-regulated polymerizations, ranging from chain-growth to step-growth polymerization. A detailed account of the relevant mechanism and kinetics is provided to better understand the role of each external field in polymerization. In addition, given the crucial role of modeling and simulation in mechanisms and kinetics investigation, an overview of model construction and typical numerical methods used in this field as well as highlights of the interaction between experiment and simulation toward kinetics in the existing systems are given. At the end, limitations and future perspectives for this field are critically discussed. This state-of-the-art research progress not only provides the fundamental principles underlying external-field-regulated polymerizations but also stimulates new development of advanced polymerization methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Ning Zhou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Jin Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Yang Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Zheng-Hong Luo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
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41
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Solà J, Jimeno C, Alfonso I. Exploiting complexity to implement function in chemical systems. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:13273-13286. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc04170j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This feature article reflects a personal overview of the importance of complexity as an additional parameter to be considered in chemical research, being illustrated with selected examples in molecular recognition and catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Solà
- Department of Biological Chemistry
- Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia
- IQAC-CSIC
- 08034 Barcelona
- Spain
| | - Ciril Jimeno
- Department of Biological Chemistry
- Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia
- IQAC-CSIC
- 08034 Barcelona
- Spain
| | - Ignacio Alfonso
- Department of Biological Chemistry
- Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia
- IQAC-CSIC
- 08034 Barcelona
- Spain
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42
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García-López V, Liu D, Tour JM. Light-Activated Organic Molecular Motors and Their Applications. Chem Rev 2019; 120:79-124. [PMID: 31849216 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Molecular motors are at the heart of cellular machinery, and they are involved in converting chemical and light energy inputs into efficient mechanical work. From a synthetic perspective, the most advanced molecular motors are rotators that are activated by light wherein a molecular subcomponent rotates unidirectionally around an axis. The mechanical work produced by arrays of molecular motors can be used to induce a macroscopic effect. Light activation offers advantages over biological chemically activated molecular motors because one can direct precise spatiotemporal inputs while conducting reactions in the gas phase, in solution and in vacuum, while generating no chemical byproducts or waste. In this review, we describe the origins of the first light-activated rotary motors and their modes of function, the structural modifications that led to newer motor designs with optimized rotary properties at variable activation wavelengths. Presented are molecular motor attachments to surfaces, their insertion into supramolecular structures and photomodulating materials, their use in catalysis, and their action in biological environments to produce exciting new prospects for biomedicine.
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43
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Dorel R, Feringa BL. Stereodivergent Anion Binding Catalysis with Molecular Motors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201913054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Dorel
- Stratingh Institute for ChemistryZernike Institute for Advanced MaterialsUniversity of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Ben L. Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for ChemistryZernike Institute for Advanced MaterialsUniversity of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747AG Groningen The Netherlands
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44
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Dorel R, Feringa BL. Stereodivergent Anion Binding Catalysis with Molecular Motors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 59:785-789. [PMID: 31736200 PMCID: PMC7004205 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201913054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A photoresponsive chiral catalyst based on an oligotriazole‐functionalized unidirectional molecular motor has been developed for stereodivergent anion binding catalysis. The motor function controls the helical chirality of supramolecular assemblies with chloride anions, which by means of chirality transfer enables the enantioselective addition of a silyl ketene acetal nucleophile to oxocarbenium cations. Reversal of stereoselectivity (up to 142 % Δee) was achieved through rotation of the motor core induced by photochemical and thermal isomerization steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Dorel
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
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45
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Dommaschk M, Echavarren J, Leigh DA, Marcos V, Singleton TA. Dynamic Control of Chiral Space Through Local Symmetry Breaking in a Rotaxane Organocatalyst. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:14955-14958. [PMID: 31454135 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201908330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We report on a switchable rotaxane molecular shuttle that features a pseudo-meso 2,5-disubstituted pyrrolidine catalytic unit on the axle whose local symmetry is broken according to the position of a threaded benzylic amide macrocycle. The macrocycle can be selectively switched (with light in one direction; with catalytic acid in the other) with high fidelity between binding sites located to either side of the pyrrolidine unit. The position of the macrocycle dictates the facial bias of the rotaxane-catalyzed conjugate addition of aldehydes to vinyl sulfones. The pseudo-meso non-interlocked thread does not afford significant selectivity as a catalyst (2-14 % ee), whereas the rotaxane affords selectivities of up to 40 % ee with switching of the position of the macrocycle changing the handedness of the product formed (up to 60 % Δee).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Dommaschk
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Javier Echavarren
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - David A Leigh
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Vanesa Marcos
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Thomas A Singleton
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
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Dommaschk M, Echavarren J, Leigh DA, Marcos V, Singleton TA. Dynamic Control of Chiral Space Through Local Symmetry Breaking in a Rotaxane Organocatalyst. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201908330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Dommaschk
- School of Chemistry University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Javier Echavarren
- School of Chemistry University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - David A. Leigh
- School of Chemistry University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Vanesa Marcos
- School of Chemistry University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Thomas A. Singleton
- School of Chemistry University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
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Abstract
Directed motion at the nanoscale is a central attribute of life, and chemically driven motor proteins are nature's choice to accomplish it. Motivated and inspired by such bionanodevices, in the past few decades chemists have developed artificial prototypes of molecular motors, namely, multicomponent synthetic species that exhibit directionally controlled, stimuli-induced movements of their parts. In this context, photonic and redox stimuli represent highly appealing modes of activation, particularly from a technological viewpoint. Here we describe the evolution of the field of photo- and redox-driven artificial molecular motors, and we provide a comprehensive review of the work published in the past 5 years. After an analysis of the general principles that govern controlled and directed movement at the molecular scale, we describe the fundamental photochemical and redox processes that can enable its realization. The main classes of light- and redox-driven molecular motors are illustrated, with a particular focus on recent designs, and a thorough description of the functions performed by these kinds of devices according to literature reports is presented. Limitations, challenges, and future perspectives of the field are critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Baroncini
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures , Istituto ISOF-CNR , via Gobetti 101 , 40129 Bologna , Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-alimentari , Università di Bologna , viale Fanin 44 , 40127 Bologna , Italy
| | - Serena Silvi
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures , Istituto ISOF-CNR , via Gobetti 101 , 40129 Bologna , Italy.,Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician" , Università di Bologna , via Selmi 2 , 40126 Bologna , Italy
| | - Alberto Credi
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures , Istituto ISOF-CNR , via Gobetti 101 , 40129 Bologna , Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-alimentari , Università di Bologna , viale Fanin 44 , 40127 Bologna , Italy
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Pan Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Changle Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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49
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Biagini C, Fielden SDP, Leigh DA, Schaufelberger F, Di Stefano S, Thomas D. Dissipative Catalysis with a Molecular Machine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:9876-9880. [PMID: 31111628 PMCID: PMC6900173 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201905250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report on catalysis by a fuel-induced transient state of a synthetic molecular machine. A [2]rotaxane molecular shuttle containing secondary ammonium/amine and thiourea stations is converted between catalytically inactive and active states by pulses of a chemical fuel (trichloroacetic acid), which is itself decomposed by the machine and/or the presence of additional base. The ON-state of the rotaxane catalyzes the reduction of a nitrostyrene by transfer hydrogenation. By varying the amount of fuel added, the lifetime of the rotaxane ON-state can be regulated and temporal control of catalysis achieved. The system can be pulsed with chemical fuel several times in succession, with each pulse activating catalysis for a time period determined by the amount of fuel added. Dissipative catalysis by synthetic molecular machines has implications for the future design of networks that feature communication and signaling between the components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Biagini
- School of ChemistryUniversity of ManchesterOxford RoadM13 9PLManchesterUK
- Edificio Cannizzaro (VEC)Dipartimento di ChimicaUniversità degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza”Piazzale Aldo Moro 500185RomaItaly
| | | | - David A. Leigh
- School of ChemistryUniversity of ManchesterOxford RoadM13 9PLManchesterUK
| | | | - Stefano Di Stefano
- Edificio Cannizzaro (VEC)Dipartimento di ChimicaUniversità degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza”Piazzale Aldo Moro 500185RomaItaly
| | - Dean Thomas
- School of ChemistryUniversity of ManchesterOxford RoadM13 9PLManchesterUK
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50
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Biagini C, Fielden SDP, Leigh DA, Schaufelberger F, Di Stefano S, Thomas D. Dissipative Catalysis with a Molecular Machine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201905250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Biagini
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Manchester Oxford Road M13 9PL Manchester UK
- Edificio Cannizzaro (VEC)Dipartimento di ChimicaUniversità degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza” Piazzale Aldo Moro 5 00185 Roma Italy
| | | | - David A. Leigh
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Manchester Oxford Road M13 9PL Manchester UK
| | | | - Stefano Di Stefano
- Edificio Cannizzaro (VEC)Dipartimento di ChimicaUniversità degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza” Piazzale Aldo Moro 5 00185 Roma Italy
| | - Dean Thomas
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Manchester Oxford Road M13 9PL Manchester UK
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