1
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Wen Z, Karas LJ, Wu JIC. Hydrogen bonding interactions can decrease clar sextet character in acridone pigments. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:9619-9623. [PMID: 34708853 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01720a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Computed nucleus-independent chemical shifts (NICS), contour plots of isotropic magnetic shielding (IMS), and gauge-including magnetically induced current (GIMIC) plots suggest that polarization of the π-system of acridones may perturb the numbers and positions of Clar sextet rings. Decreasing numbers of Clar sextets are connected to experimental observations of a narrowing HOMO-LUMO gap and increased charge mobility in solid-state assemblies of quinacridone and epindolidione.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhili Wen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA.
| | - Lucas José Karas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA.
| | - Judy I-Chia Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA.
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2
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Bhosale SV, Al Kobaisi M, Jadhav RW, Morajkar PP, Jones LA, George S. Naphthalene diimides: perspectives and promise. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:9845-9998. [PMID: 34308940 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00239a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we describe the developments in the field of naphthalene diimides (NDIs) from 2016 to the presentday. NDIs are shown to be an increasingly interesting class of molecules due to their electronic properties, large electron deficient aromatic cores and tendency to self-assemble into functional structures. Almost all NDIs possess high electron affinity, good charge carrier mobility, and excellent thermal and oxidative stability, making them promising candidates for applications in organic electronics, photovoltaic devices, and flexible displays. NDIs have also been extensively studied due to their potential real-world uses across a wide variety of applications including supramolecular chemistry, sensing, host-guest complexes for molecular switching devices, such as catenanes and rotaxanes, ion-channels, catalysis, and medicine and as non-fullerene accepters in solar cells. In recent years, NDI research with respect to supramolecular assemblies and mechanoluminescent properties has also gained considerable traction. Thus, this review will assist a wide range of readers and researchers including chemists, physicists, biologists, medicinal chemists and materials scientists in understanding the scope for development and applicability of NDI dyes in their respective fields through a discussion of the main properties of NDI derivatives and of the status of emerging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheshanath V Bhosale
- School of Chemical Sciences, Goa University, Taleigao Plateau, Goa-403 206, India.
| | - Mohammad Al Kobaisi
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Ratan W Jadhav
- School of Chemical Sciences, Goa University, Taleigao Plateau, Goa-403 206, India.
| | - Pranay P Morajkar
- School of Chemical Sciences, Goa University, Taleigao Plateau, Goa-403 206, India.
| | - Lathe A Jones
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Subi George
- New Chemistry Unit (NCU), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur PO, Bangalore-560064, India
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3
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Mullin WJ, Sharber SA, Thomas SW. Optimizing the
self‐assembly
of conjugated polymers and small molecules through structurally programmed
non‐covalent
control. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Seth A. Sharber
- Department of Chemistry Tufts University Medford Massachusetts USA
- Aramco Services Company, Aramco Research Center Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Samuel W. Thomas
- Department of Chemistry Tufts University Medford Massachusetts USA
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4
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Madhu M, Ramakrishnan R, Vijay V, Hariharan M. Free Charge Carriers in Homo-Sorted π-Stacks of Donor-Acceptor Conjugates. Chem Rev 2021; 121:8234-8284. [PMID: 34133137 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Inspired by the high photoconversion efficiency observed in natural light-harvesting systems, the hierarchical organization of molecular building blocks has gained impetus in the past few decades. Particularly, the molecular arrangement and packing in the active layer of organic solar cells (OSCs) have garnered significant attention due to the decisive role of the nature of donor/acceptor (D/A) heterojunctions in charge carrier generation and ultimately the power conversion efficiency. This review focuses on the recent developments in emergent optoelectronic properties exhibited by self-sorted donor-on-donor/acceptor-on-acceptor arrangement of covalently linked D-A systems, highlighting the ultrafast excited state dynamics of charge transfer and transport. Segregated organization of donors and acceptors promotes the delocalization of photoinduced charges among the stacks, engendering an enhanced charge separation lifetime and percolation pathways with ambipolar conductivity and charge carrier yield. Covalently linking donors and acceptors ensure a sufficient D-A interface and interchromophoric electronic coupling as required for faster charge separation while providing better control over their supramolecular assemblies. The design strategies to attain D-A conjugate assemblies with optimal charge carrier generation efficiency, the scope of their application compared to state-of-the-art OSCs, current challenges, and future opportunities are discussed in the review. An integrated overview of rational design approaches derived from the comprehension of underlying photoinduced processes can pave the way toward superior optoelectronic devices and bring in new possibilities to the avenue of functional supramolecular architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meera Madhu
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India 695551
| | - Remya Ramakrishnan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India 695551
| | - Vishnu Vijay
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India 695551
| | - Mahesh Hariharan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India 695551
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5
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Gebers J, Özen B, Hartmann L, Schaer M, Suàrez S, Bugnon P, Scopelliti R, Steinrück H, Konovalov O, Magerl A, Brinkmann M, Petraglia R, Silva P, Corminboeuf C, Frauenrath H. Crystallization and Organic Field‐Effect Transistor Performance of a Hydrogen‐Bonded Quaterthiophene. Chemistry 2020; 26:10265-10275. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Gebers
- Institute of Materials École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), EPFL-STI-IMX-LMOM, MXG 135 Station 12 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Bilal Özen
- Institute of Materials École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), EPFL-STI-IMX-LMOM, MXG 135 Station 12 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Lucia Hartmann
- Institute of Materials École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), EPFL-STI-IMX-LMOM, MXG 135 Station 12 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Michel Schaer
- Institute of Materials École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), EPFL-STI-IMX-LMOM, MXG 135 Station 12 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Stéphane Suàrez
- Institute of Materials École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), EPFL-STI-IMX-LMOM, MXG 135 Station 12 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Philippe Bugnon
- Institute of Condensed Matter Physics École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), EPFL-PH J0 491 Station 3 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Rosario Scopelliti
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), EPFL-BCH 2111, Batochime UNIL Avenue Forel 2 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Hans‐Georg Steinrück
- Crystallography and Structural Physics University of Erlangen-Nürnberg Staudtstrasse 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
- Present address: Department Chemie Universität Paderborn Warburger Strasse 100 33098 Paderborn Germany
| | - Oleg Konovalov
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) 6 rue Jules Horowitz, BP220 38043 Grenoble Cedex France
| | - Andreas Magerl
- Crystallography and Structural Physics University of Erlangen-Nürnberg Staudtstrasse 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Martin Brinkmann
- Institut Charles Sadron CNRS Université de Strasbourg Rue du Loess 23 67034 Strasbourg France
| | - Riccardo Petraglia
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), EPFL-BCH 5312, Batochime UNIL Avenue Forel 2 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Piotr Silva
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), EPFL-BCH 5312, Batochime UNIL Avenue Forel 2 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
- present address: Department of Energy Conversion and Storage Technical University of Denmark Anker Engelunds Vej 301 2800 Kongens Lyngby Denmark
| | - Clémence Corminboeuf
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), EPFL-BCH 5312, Batochime UNIL Avenue Forel 2 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Holger Frauenrath
- Institute of Materials École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), EPFL-STI-IMX-LMOM, MXG 135 Station 12 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
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6
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Liu C, Niazi MR, Perepichka DF. Strong Enhancement of π‐Electron Donor/Acceptor Ability by Complementary DD/AA Hydrogen Bonding. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201910288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng‐Hao Liu
- Department of ChemistryMcGill University 801 Sherbrooke Street W Quebec H3A 0B1 Canada
| | - Muhammad Rizwan Niazi
- Department of ChemistryMcGill University 801 Sherbrooke Street W Quebec H3A 0B1 Canada
| | - Dmitrii F. Perepichka
- Department of ChemistryMcGill University 801 Sherbrooke Street W Quebec H3A 0B1 Canada
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7
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Liu CH, Niazi MR, Perepichka DF. Strong Enhancement of π-Electron Donor/Acceptor Ability by Complementary DD/AA Hydrogen Bonding. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:17312-17321. [PMID: 31560447 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201910288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
π-Conjugated organic materials possess a wide range of tunable optoelectronic properties which are dictated by their molecular structure and supramolecular arrangement. While many efforts have been put into tuning the molecular structure to achieve the desired properties, rational supramolecular control remains a challenge. Here, we report a novel series of supramolecular materials formed by the co-assembly of weak π-electron donor (indolo[2,3-a]carbazole) and acceptor (aromatic o-quinones) molecules via complementary hydrogen bonding. The resulting polarization creates a drastic perturbation of the molecular energy levels, causing strong charge transfer in the weak donor-acceptor pairs. This leads to a significant lowering (up to 1.5 eV) of the band gaps, intense absorption in the near-IR region, very short π-stacking distances (≥3.15 Å), and strong ESR signals in the co-crystals. By varying the strength of the acceptor, the characteristics of the complexes can be tuned between intrinsic, gate-, or light-induced semiconductivity with a p-type or ambipolar transport mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Hao Liu
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street W, Quebec, H3A 0B1, Canada
| | - Muhammad Rizwan Niazi
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street W, Quebec, H3A 0B1, Canada
| | - Dmitrii F Perepichka
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street W, Quebec, H3A 0B1, Canada
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8
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Jones LO, Mosquera MA, Schatz GC, Ratner MA. Molecular Junctions Inspired by Nature: Electrical Conduction through Noncovalent Nanobelts. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:8096-8102. [PMID: 31525929 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b06255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Charge transport occurs in a range of biomolecular systems, whose structures have covalent and noncovalent bonds. Understanding from these systems have yet to translate into molecular junction devices. We design junctions which have hydrogen-bonds between the edges of a series of prototype noncovalent nanobelts (NCNs) and vary the number of donor-acceptors to study their electrical properties. From frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs) and projected density of state (DOS) calculations, we found these NCN dimer junctions to have low HOMO-LUMO gaps and states at the Fermi level, suggesting these are metallic-like systems. Their conductance properties were studied with nonequilibrium Green's functions density functional theory (NEGF-DFT) and was found to decrease with cooperative H-bonding, that is, the conductance decreased as the alternating donor-acceptors around the nanobelts attenuates to a uniform distribution in the H-bonding arrays. The latter gave the highest conductance of 51.3 × 10-6 S and the Seebeck coefficient showed n-type (-36 to -39 μV K-1) behavior, while the lower conductors with alternating H-bonds are p-type (49.7 to 204 μV K-1). In addition, the NCNs have appreciable binding energies (19.8 to 46.1 kcal mol-1), implying they could form self-assembled monolayer (SAM) heterojunctions leading to a polymeric network for long-range charge transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leighton O Jones
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Martín A Mosquera
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - George C Schatz
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Mark A Ratner
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
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9
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Jin J, Long G, Gao Y, Zhang J, Ou C, Zhu C, Xu H, Zhao J, Zhang M, Huang W. Supramolecular Design of Donor-Acceptor Complexes via Heteroatom Replacement toward Structure and Electrical Transporting Property Tailoring. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:1109-1116. [PMID: 30540179 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b16561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A feasible strategy relies on using heteroatom replacement, namely, chemical modification of an organic compound. Here we present this design concept for donor-acceptor complexes, which involves introducing nitrogen atoms to the middle ring of donor molecules to promote short contacts and reduce steric effect of the mixed framework. These nitrogen-modified complexes can possess a shorter molecular distance besides the mixed-stacking pathway, enlarged π-π interactions, or even a scarce 1:2.5 molar ratio through extra acceptor insertion. As a result, the unique 1:2 complex with nitrogen atoms on the different sides demonstrated stable electron field-effect mobility performance, whereas the binary system with no nitrogen replacement or N atoms on the identical sides displayed poor ambipolar properties. These results confirmed that heteroatom replacement was a powerful molecular design tool to fine-tune the molecular packing of organic donor-acceptor complexes and their corresponding electronic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqun Jin
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials , Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications , 9 Wenyuan Road , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Guankui Long
- Computational Center for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China
| | - Yongqian Gao
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) , Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) , 30 South Puzhu Road , Nanjing 211816 , China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials , Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications , 9 Wenyuan Road , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Changjin Ou
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) , Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) , 30 South Puzhu Road , Nanjing 211816 , China
| | - Caixia Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) , Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) , 30 South Puzhu Road , Nanjing 211816 , China
| | - Haixiao Xu
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials , Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications , 9 Wenyuan Road , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Jianfeng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) , Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) , 30 South Puzhu Road , Nanjing 211816 , China
| | - Mingtao Zhang
- Computational Center for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials , Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications , 9 Wenyuan Road , Nanjing 210023 , China
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) , Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) , 30 South Puzhu Road , Nanjing 211816 , China
- Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE) , Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU) , 127 West Youyi Road , Xi'an 710072 Shaanxi , China
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10
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Park SK, Kim JH, Park SY. Organic 2D Optoelectronic Crystals: Charge Transport, Emerging Functions, and Their Design Perspective. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1704759. [PMID: 29663536 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201704759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
2D organic semiconductor crystals are emerging as a fascinating platform with regard to their applications in organic field-effect transistors (OFETs), attributed to their enhanced charge transport efficiency and their new optoelectronic functions, based on their unique morphological features. Advances in material processing techniques have not only enabled easy fabrication of few-monolayered 2D nanostructures but also facilitated exploration of the interesting properties induced by characteristic 2D morphologies. However, to date, only a limited number of representative organic semiconductors have been utilized in organic 2D optoelectronics. Therefore, in order to further spur this research, an intuitive crystal engineering principle for realizing organic 2D crystals is required. In this regard, here, not only the important implications of applying 2D structures to OFET devices are discussed but also a crystal engineering protocol is provided that first predicts molecular arrangements depending on the molecular factors, which is followed by realizing 2D supramolecular synthon networks for different molecular packing motifs. It is expected that 2D organic semiconductor crystals developed by this approach will pave a promising way toward next-generation organic 2D optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Kyu Park
- Center for Supramolecular Optoelectronic Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-744, South Korea
| | - Jin Hong Kim
- Center for Supramolecular Optoelectronic Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-744, South Korea
| | - Soo Young Park
- Center for Supramolecular Optoelectronic Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-744, South Korea
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11
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Vespa M, Cann JR, Dayneko SV, Melville OA, Hendsbee AD, Zou Y, Lessard BH, Welch GC. Synthesis of a Perylene Diimide Dimer with Pyrrolic N-H Bonds and N-Functionalized Derivatives for Organic Field-Effect Transistors and Organic Solar Cells. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201801055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Vespa
- Department of Chemistry; University of Calgary; 2500 University Drive N.W. T2N 1N4 Calgary Alberta Canada
| | - Jonathan R. Cann
- Department of Chemistry; University of Calgary; 2500 University Drive N.W. T2N 1N4 Calgary Alberta Canada
| | - Sergey V. Dayneko
- Department of Chemistry; University of Calgary; 2500 University Drive N.W. T2N 1N4 Calgary Alberta Canada
| | - Owen A. Melville
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; University of Ottawa; 161 Louis Pasteur K1N 6N5 Ottawa Ontario Canada
| | - Arthur D. Hendsbee
- Department of Chemistry; University of Calgary; 2500 University Drive N.W. T2N 1N4 Calgary Alberta Canada
| | - Yingping Zou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Central South University; 410083 Changsha China
| | - Benoît H. Lessard
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; University of Ottawa; 161 Louis Pasteur K1N 6N5 Ottawa Ontario Canada
| | - Gregory C. Welch
- Department of Chemistry; University of Calgary; 2500 University Drive N.W. T2N 1N4 Calgary Alberta Canada
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12
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Petroselli M, Mosca S, Martí-Rujas J, Comelli D, Cametti M. Mixed Stacked Charge-Transfer π-Organic Materials Based on Anthracenyl Boronic Acid. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201701555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Petroselli
- Dipartimento di Chimica Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica “Giulio Natta”; Politecnico di Milano; Via Luigi Mancinelli 7 20131 Milan Italy
| | - Sara Mosca
- Dipartimento di Fisica; Politecnico di Milano; Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Javier Martí-Rujas
- Center for Nano Science and Technology@Polimi; Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia; Via Pascoli 70/3 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Daniela Comelli
- Dipartimento di Fisica; Politecnico di Milano; Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Massimo Cametti
- Dipartimento di Chimica Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica “Giulio Natta”; Politecnico di Milano; Via Luigi Mancinelli 7 20131 Milan Italy
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13
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Tarai A, Baruah JB. Resonance Energy Transfer Emission Observed in Cocrystal of N,N′-Bis(3-imidazol-1-ylpropyl)naphthalenediimide with Cinnamic Acid. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201702214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arup Tarai
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati; Guwahati - 781 039, Assam India
| | - Jubaraj B. Baruah
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati; Guwahati - 781 039, Assam India
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14
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Zhang J, Xu W, Sheng P, Zhao G, Zhu D. Organic Donor-Acceptor Complexes as Novel Organic Semiconductors. Acc Chem Res 2017; 50:1654-1662. [PMID: 28608673 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.7b00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Organic donor-acceptor (DA) complexes have attracted wide attention in recent decades, resulting in the rapid development of organic binary system electronics. The design and synthesis of organic DA complexes with a variety of component structures have mainly focused on metallicity (or even superconductivity), emission, or ferroelectricity studies. Further efforts have been made in high-performance electronic investigations. The chemical versatility of organic semiconductors provides DA complexes with a great number of possibilities for semiconducting applications. Organic DA complexes extend the semiconductor family and promote charge separation and transport in organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) and organic photovoltaics (OPVs). In OFETs, the organic complex serves as an active layer across extraordinary charge pathways, ensuring the efficient transport of induced charges. Although an increasing number of organic semiconductors have been reported to exhibit good p- or n-type properties (mobilities higher than 1 or even 10 cm2 V-1 s-1), critical scientific challenges remain in utilizing the advantages of existing semiconductor materials for more and wider applications while maintaining less complicated synthetic or device fabrication processes. DA complex materials have revealed new insight: their unique molecular packing and structure-property relationships. The combination of donors and acceptors could offer practical advantages compared with their unimolecular materials. First, growing crystals of DA complexes with densely packed structures will reduce impurities and traps from the self-assembly process. Second, complexes based on the original structural components could form superior mixture stacking, which can facilitate charge transport depending on the driving force in the coassembly process. Third, the effective use of organic semiconductors can lead to tunable band structures, allowing the operation mode (p- or n-type) of the transistor to be systematically controlled by changing the components. Finally, theoretical calculations based on cocrystals with unique stacking could widen our understanding of structure-property relationships and in turn help us design high-performance semiconductors based on DA complexes. In this Account, we focus on discussing organic DA complexes as a new class of semiconducting materials, including their design, growth methods, packing modes, charge-transport properties, and structure-property relationships. We have also fabricated and investigated devices based on these binary crystals. This interdisciplinary work combines techniques from the fields of self-assembly, crystallography, condensed-matter physics, and theoretical chemistry. Researchers have designed new complex systems, including donor and acceptor compounds that self-assemble in feasible ways into highly ordered cocrystals. We demonstrate that using this crystallization method can easily realize ambipolar or unipolar transport. To further improve device performance, we propose several design strategies, such as using new kinds of donors and acceptors, modulating the energy alignment of the donor (ionization potential, IP) and acceptor (electron affinity, EA) components, and extending the π-conjugated backbones. In addition, we have found that when we use molecular "doping" (2:1 cocrystallization), the charge-transport nature of organic semiconductors can be switched from hole-transport-dominated to electron-transport-dominated. We expect that the formation of cocrystals through the complexation of organic donor and acceptor species will serve as a new strategy to develop semiconductors for organic electronics with superior performances over their corresponding individual components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic
Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Peng Sheng
- Material
Laboratory of State Grid Corporation of China, State Key Laboratory
of Advanced Transmission Technology, Global Energy Interconnection Research Institute, Beijing 102211, China
| | - Guangyao Zhao
- Material
Laboratory of State Grid Corporation of China, State Key Laboratory
of Advanced Transmission Technology, Global Energy Interconnection Research Institute, Beijing 102211, China
| | - Daoben Zhu
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic
Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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