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Lu L, Luo J, Montag M, Diskin-Posner Y, Milstein D. Polyoxymethylene Upcycling into Methanol and Methyl Groups Catalyzed by a Manganese Pincer Complex. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:22017-22026. [PMID: 39046806 PMCID: PMC11311220 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c07468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Polyoxymethylene (POM) is a commonly used engineering thermoplastic, but its recycling by conventional means, i.e., mechanical recycling, is not practiced to any meaningful extent, due to technical limitations. Instead, waste POM is typically incinerated or disposed in landfills, where it becomes a persistent environmental pollutant. An attractive alternative to mechanical recycling is upcycling, namely, the conversion of waste POM into value-added chemicals, but this has received very little attention. Herein, we report the upcycling of POM into useful chemicals through three different reactions, all of which are efficiently catalyzed by a single pincer complex of earth-abundant manganese. One method involves hydrogenation of POM into methanol using H2 gas as the only reagent, whereas another method converts POM into methanol and CO2 through a one-pot process comprising acidolysis followed by Mn-catalyzed disproportionation. The third method utilizes POM as a reagent for the methylation of ketones and amines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Lu
- Department
of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Jie Luo
- Department
of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Michael Montag
- Department
of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Yael Diskin-Posner
- Department
of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute
of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - David Milstein
- Department
of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
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2
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Biancalana L, Zanda E, Hadiji M, Zacchini S, Pratesi A, Pampaloni G, Dyson PJ, Marchetti F. Role of the (pseudo)halido ligand in ruthenium(II) p-cymene α-amino acid complexes in speciation, protein reactivity and cytotoxicity. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:15760-15777. [PMID: 34704998 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03274g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reactions of the dimeric complexes [RuX2(η6-p-cymene)]2 (X = Br, I, SCN) with L-proline (ProH) and trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline (HypH), in methanol in the presence of NaOH, afforded [RuX(κ2N,O-Pro)(η6-p-cymene)] (X = Br, 1b; I, 1c; SCN, 1d) and [RuX(κ2N,O-Hyp)(η6-p-cymene)] (X = Br, 2b; I, 2c; SCN, 2d), respectively. Alternatively, the one-pot, sequential addition of the appropriate α-amino carboxylate and X- salt to [RuCl2(η6-p-cymene)]2 led to [RuX(κ2N,O-Pro)(η6-p-cymene)] (X = N3, 1e; NO2, 1f; CN 1g) and [Ru(N3)(κ2N,O-Hyp)(η6-p-cymene)] (2e). Complexes [Ru(κ3N,O,O'-O2CCH(NH2)(R)O)(η6-p-cymene)] (R = CH2, 3h; R = CHMe, 4h; R = CH2CH2, 5h) were prepared from the reaction of [RuCl2(η6-p-cymene)]2 with the appropriate α-amino acid and NaOH in refluxing isopropanol. Treatment of the L-serine (SerH2) derivative [RuCl(κ2N,O-SerH)(η6-p-cymene)] (3a) with 1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane (PTA) in water at reflux produced [Ru(κ2N,O-Ser)(κP-PTA)(η6-p-cymene)]Cl ([3i]Cl). The products were isolated in good to excellent yields, and were characterized by elemental analysis, IR and multinuclear NMR spectroscopy. The structures of 1f and 2b-e were ascertained by X-ray diffraction studies. The behaviour of the complexes in water and cell culture medium was investigated by multinuclear NMR and UV-Vis spectroscopy, revealing a considerable influence of the monodentate ligand on the aqueous chemistry. Complexes 1d-e, 2d-e, 3h, 4h and [3i]Cl, showing substantial inertness in aqueous media, were assessed for their cytotoxicity towards A2780 and A2780cisR cancer cell lines and the noncancerous HEK 293T cell line. A selection of compounds was also investigated for Ru uptake in A2780 cells and interactions with cytochrome c as a model protein. Combined, these studies provide insights into the previously debated role of the 'leaving' ligand on the biological activity of Ru(II) arene α-amino acid complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Biancalana
- University of Pisa, Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Via G. Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Emanuele Zanda
- University of Pisa, Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Via G. Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Mouna Hadiji
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland
| | - Stefano Zacchini
- University of Bologna, Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale "Toso Montanari", Viale Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandro Pratesi
- University of Pisa, Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Via G. Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Guido Pampaloni
- University of Pisa, Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Via G. Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Paul J Dyson
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland
| | - Fabio Marchetti
- University of Pisa, Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Via G. Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy.
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Fetzer MNA, Tavakoli G, Klein A, Prechtl MHG. Ruthenium‐Catalyzed
E
‐Selective Partial Hydrogenation of Alkynes under Transfer‐Hydrogenation Conditions using Paraformaldehyde as Hydrogen Source. ChemCatChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202001411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcus N. A. Fetzer
- Department of Chemistry University of Cologne Greinstr. 6 D-50939 Köln Germany
| | - Ghazal Tavakoli
- Department of Chemistry University of Cologne Greinstr. 6 D-50939 Köln Germany
| | - Axel Klein
- Department of Chemistry University of Cologne Greinstr. 6 D-50939 Köln Germany
| | - Martin H. G. Prechtl
- Department of Chemistry University of Cologne Greinstr. 6 D-50939 Köln Germany
- Instituto Superior Técnico Universidade de Lisboa Av. Rovisco Pais 1 1049-001 Lisboa Portugal
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4
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Tavakoli G, Prechtl MHG. The reductive deaminative conversion of nitriles to alcohols using para-formaldehyde in aqueous solution. Catal Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cy01484e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report herein, for the first time, the application of para-formaldehyde (pFA) to the reductive deamination of both aliphatic and aromatic nitriles in aqueous solution under transfer hydrogenation conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazal Tavakoli
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Cologne
- 50939 Köln
- Germany
| | - Martin H. G. Prechtl
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Cologne
- 50939 Köln
- Germany
- Department of Science and Environment
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5
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Trincado M, Grützmacher H, Prechtl MHG. CO2-based hydrogen storage – Hydrogen generation from formaldehyde/water. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2017-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractFormaldehyde (CH2O) is the simplest and most significant industrially produced aldehyde. The global demand is about 30 megatons annually. Industrially it is produced by oxidation of methanol under energy intensive conditions. More recently, new fields of application for the use of formaldehyde and its derivatives as, i.e. cross-linker for resins or disinfectant, have been suggested. Dialkoxymethane has been envisioned as a combustion fuel for conventional engines or aqueous formaldehyde and paraformaldehyde may act as a liquid organic hydrogen carrier molecule (LOHC) for hydrogen generation to be used for hydrogen fuel cells. For the realization of these processes, it requires less energy-intensive technologies for the synthesis of formaldehyde. This overview summarizes the recent developments in low-temperature reductive synthesis of formaldehyde and its derivatives and low-temperature formaldehyde reforming. These aspects are important for the future demands on modern societies’ energy management, in the form of a methanol and hydrogen economy, and the required formaldehyde feedstock for the manufacture of many formaldehyde-based daily products.
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Wang L, Ertem MZ, Murata K, Muckerman JT, Fujita E, Himeda Y. Highly Efficient and Selective Methanol Production from Paraformaldehyde and Water at Room Temperature. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b00321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Research Institute of Energy Frontier, Department of Energy and Environment, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Mehmed Z. Ertem
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, United States
| | - Kazuhisa Murata
- Research Institute of Energy Frontier, Department of Energy and Environment, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - James T. Muckerman
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, United States
| | - Etsuko Fujita
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, United States
| | - Yuichiro Himeda
- Research Institute of Energy Frontier, Department of Energy and Environment, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
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7
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Trincado M, Sinha V, Rodriguez-Lugo RE, Pribanic B, de Bruin B, Grützmacher H. Homogeneously catalysed conversion of aqueous formaldehyde to H 2 and carbonate. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14990. [PMID: 28452367 PMCID: PMC5414358 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Small organic molecules provide a promising solution for the requirement to store large amounts of hydrogen in a future hydrogen-based energy system. Herein, we report that diolefin-ruthenium complexes containing the chemically and redox non-innocent ligand trop2dad catalyse the production of H2 from formaldehyde and water in the presence of a base. The process involves the catalytic conversion to carbonate salt using aqueous solutions and is the fastest reported for acceptorless formalin dehydrogenation to date. A mechanism supported by density functional theory calculations postulates protonation of a ruthenium hydride to form a low-valent active species, the reversible uptake of dihydrogen by the ligand and active participation of both the ligand and the metal in substrate activation and dihydrogen bond formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Trincado
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH Zürich, Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Wolfgang Pauli Str. 10, Zürich CH-8093, Switzerland
| | - Vivek Sinha
- Supramolecular and Homogeneous Catalysis Group, van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam 1098 XH, The Netherlands
| | - Rafael E Rodriguez-Lugo
- Labotatorio de Química Bioinorgánica, Centro de Química, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Caracas 1020-A, Venezuela
| | - Bruno Pribanic
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH Zürich, Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Wolfgang Pauli Str. 10, Zürich CH-8093, Switzerland
| | - Bas de Bruin
- Supramolecular and Homogeneous Catalysis Group, van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam 1098 XH, The Netherlands
| | - Hansjörg Grützmacher
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH Zürich, Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Wolfgang Pauli Str. 10, Zürich CH-8093, Switzerland
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van der Waals D, Heim LE, Gedig C, Herbrik F, Vallazza S, Prechtl MHG. Ruthenium-Catalyzed Methylation of Amines with Paraformaldehyde in Water under Mild Conditions. CHEMSUSCHEM 2016; 9:2343-2347. [PMID: 27491504 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201600824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Methylated amines are highly important for a variety of pharmaceutical and agrochemical applications. Existing routes for their formation result in the production of large amounts of waste or require high reaction temperatures, both of which impact the ecological and economical footprint of the methodologies. Herein, we report the ruthenium-catalyzed reductive methylation of a range of aliphatic amines, using paraformaldehyde as both substrate and hydrogen source, in combination with water. This reaction proceeds under mild aqueous reaction conditions. Additionally the use of a secondary phase for catalyst retention and recycling has been investigated with promising results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leo E Heim
- Department Chemie, Universität zu Köln, Greinstrasse 4-6, 50939, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christian Gedig
- Department Chemie, Universität zu Köln, Greinstrasse 4-6, 50939, Cologne, Germany
| | - Fabian Herbrik
- Department Chemie, Universität zu Köln, Greinstrasse 4-6, 50939, Cologne, Germany
| | - Simona Vallazza
- Department Chemie, Universität zu Köln, Greinstrasse 4-6, 50939, Cologne, Germany
| | - Martin H G Prechtl
- Department Chemie, Universität zu Köln, Greinstrasse 4-6, 50939, Cologne, Germany.
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