1
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Pierce JK, Hiatt LD, Howard JR, Hu H, Qu F, Shaughnessy KH. Amines as Activating Ligands for Phosphine Palladium(II) Precatalysts: Effect of Amine Ligand Identity on the Catalyst Efficiency. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jordan K. Pierce
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States
| | - Lindsey D. Hiatt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States
| | - James R. Howard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States
| | - Huaiyuan Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States
| | - Fengrui Qu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States
| | - Kevin H. Shaughnessy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States
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2
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Firsan S, Sivakumar V, Colacot TJ. Emerging Trends in Cross-Coupling: Twelve-Electron-Based L 1Pd(0) Catalysts, Their Mechanism of Action, and Selected Applications. Chem Rev 2022; 122:16983-17027. [PMID: 36190916 PMCID: PMC9756297 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Monoligated palladium(0) species, L1Pd(0), have emerged as the most active catalytic species in the cross-coupling cycle. Today, there are methods available to generate the highly active but unstable L1Pd(0) catalysts from stable precatalysts. While the size of the ligand plays an important role in the formation of L1Pd(0) during in situ catalysis, the latter can be precisely generated from the precatalyst by various technologies. Computational, kinetic, and experimental studies indicate that all three steps in the catalytic cycle─oxidative addition, transmetalation, and reductive elimination─contain monoligated Pd. The synthesis of precatalysts, their mode of activation, application studies in model systems, as well as in industry are discussed. Ligand parametrization and AI based data science can potentially help predict the facile formation of L1Pd(0) species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharbil
J. Firsan
- Science
and Lab Solutions−Chemistry, MilliporeSigma, 6000 North Teutonia Avenue, Milwaukee, Wisconsin53209, United States
| | - Vilvanathan Sivakumar
- Merck
Life Science Pvt Ltd, No-12, Bommasandra-Jigani Link Road, Industrial Area, Bangalore560100, India
| | - Thomas J. Colacot
- Science
and Lab Solutions−Chemistry, MilliporeSigma, 6000 North Teutonia Avenue, Milwaukee, Wisconsin53209, United States,
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3
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Eckert P, Organ MG. Impact of N‐Aryl‐ and NHC Core‐Substituents on the Coupling of Alkylzinc Nucleophiles: Is Bigger always Better? Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200665. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philip Eckert
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation (CCRI) Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences University of Ottawa Ottawa Ontario, K1N6N5 Canada
| | - Michael G. Organ
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation (CCRI) Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences University of Ottawa Ottawa Ontario, K1N6N5 Canada
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4
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Dombrowski AW, Aguirre AL, Shrestha A, Sarris KA, Wang Y. The Chosen Few: Parallel Library Reaction Methodologies for Drug Discovery. J Org Chem 2021; 87:1880-1897. [PMID: 34780177 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Parallel library synthesis is an important tool for drug discovery because it enables the synthesis of closely related analogues in parallel via robust and general synthetic transformations. In this perspective, we analyzed the synthetic methodologies used in >5000 parallel libraries representing 15 prevalent synthetic transformations. The library data set contains complex substrates and diverse arrays of building blocks used over the last 14 years at AbbVie. The library synthetic methodologies that have demonstrated robustness and generality with proven success are described along with their substrate scopes. The evolution of the synthetic methodologies for library synthesis over the past decade is discussed. We also highlight that the combination of parallel library synthesis with high-throughput experimentation will continue to facilitate the discovery of library-amenable synthetic methodologies in drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda W Dombrowski
- Advanced Chemistry Technologies Group, AbbVie, Inc., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Ana L Aguirre
- Advanced Chemistry Technologies Group, AbbVie, Inc., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Anurupa Shrestha
- Advanced Chemistry Technologies Group, AbbVie, Inc., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Kathy A Sarris
- Advanced Chemistry Technologies Group, AbbVie, Inc., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Ying Wang
- Advanced Chemistry Technologies Group, AbbVie, Inc., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
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5
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Semeniuchenko V, Ovens JS, Braje WM, Organ MG. NaBHT Generated In Situ from BHT and NaO tBu: Crystallographic Characterization and Applications in Buchwald–Hartwig Amination. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Volodymyr Semeniuchenko
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation (CCRI), Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N6N5, Canada
| | - Jeffrey S. Ovens
- X-Ray Core Facility, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Wilfried M. Braje
- Neuroscience Discovery Research, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Knollstrasse, 67061 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Michael G. Organ
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation (CCRI), Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N6N5, Canada
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6
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Semeniuchenko V, Braje WM, Organ MG. Sodium Butylated Hydroxytoluene: A Functional Group Tolerant, Eco-Friendly Base for Solvent-Free, Pd-Catalysed Amination. Chemistry 2021; 27:12535-12539. [PMID: 34190367 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
NaBHT (sodium 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenolate), a strong, but hindered and lipophilic base, has been effectively paired with similarly lipophilic, high-reactivity Pd-NHC (N-heterocyclic carbene) catalysts to produce an ideal combination for performing solvent-free (melt) cross-coupling amination. The mild nucleophilicity of NaBHT, coupled with the anti-oxidant properties of its conjugate acid byproduct, BHT means the process seems to have no functional group incompatibilities. Highly effective coupling of base-sensitive and redox-active functional groups was observed in all cases with only 0.1-0.2 mol percent catalyst. Comparisons using the standard base for this reaction, KOtBu, led to poor couplings or complete degradation in most applications - only NaBHT works.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volodymyr Semeniuchenko
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation (CCRI), Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N6N5, Canada
| | - Wilfried M Braje
- AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Neuroscience Discovery Research, Knollstrasse, 67061, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Michael G Organ
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation (CCRI), Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N6N5, Canada
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7
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Lansbergen B, Granatino P, Ritter T. Site-Selective C-H alkylation of Complex Arenes by a Two-Step Aryl Thianthrenation-Reductive Alkylation Sequence. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:7909-7914. [PMID: 34028272 PMCID: PMC8297726 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c03459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we present an undirected para-selective two-step C-H alkylation of complex arenes useful for late-stage functionalization. The combination of a site-selective C-H thianthrenation with palladium-catalyzed reductive electrophile cross-coupling grants access to a diverse range of synthetically useful alkylated arenes which cannot be accessed otherwise with comparable selectivity, diversity, and practicality. The robustness of this transformation is further demonstrated by thianthrenium-based reductive coupling of two complex fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Lansbergen
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm Platz 1, D-45470 Mülheim an der
Ruhr, Germany
| | - Paola Granatino
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm Platz 1, D-45470 Mülheim an der
Ruhr, Germany
| | - Tobias Ritter
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm Platz 1, D-45470 Mülheim an der
Ruhr, Germany
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8
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Parveen S, Kalsoom S, Bibi R, Asghar A, Hameed A, Ahmed W, Hassan A. Computational and biological studies of novel thiazolyl coumarin derivatives synthesized through Suzuki coupling. Turk J Chem 2021; 44:1610-1622. [PMID: 33488257 PMCID: PMC7763117 DOI: 10.3906/kim-2005-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The current investigation presents the synthesis, computational molecular-docking and biological activity studies of arylated thiazole coumarins. Aryl substituted thiazolyl coumarin derivatives were synthesized via Suzuki cross-coupling reaction. A detailed reaction condition optimization revealed that the Pd-PEPPSI-IPent precatalyst in only 2 mol% loading resulted in the desired product with high yield. The aim of this study was to examine the antimicrobial behavior of thiazole coumarin derivatives through in vitro and in silico studies. All the compounds showed activity against both antibacterial strains, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, except
5d
. Similarly, the compounds
5a
,
5b
, and
5d
were found to be active against Trichoderma harzianum. The compound
5d
of this series was found to have a higher activity with MIC 125 mg/ml against Trichoderma harzianum. Molecular studies showed the high activities of these compounds are due to the presence of strong H-bonding and π-π interaction with their respective targets. A good correlation was observed between computational and in vitro studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaista Parveen
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Saima Kalsoom
- SA-Centre for Interdisciplinary Research for Basic and Applied Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Rifhat Bibi
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Ambreen Asghar
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Abdul Hameed
- SA-Centre for Interdisciplinary Research for Basic and Applied Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Waqar Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Abbas Hassan
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad Pakistan
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9
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Eckert P, Sharif S, Organ MG. Salt to Taste: The Critical Roles Played by Inorganic Salts in Organozinc Formation and in the Negishi Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202010917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philip Eckert
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation (CCRI) Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences University of Ottawa Ottawa Ontario K1N6N5 Canada
| | - Sepideh Sharif
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation (CCRI) Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences University of Ottawa Ottawa Ontario K1N6N5 Canada
| | - Michael G. Organ
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation (CCRI) Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences University of Ottawa Ottawa Ontario K1N6N5 Canada
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10
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Eckert P, Sharif S, Organ MG. Salt to Taste: The Critical Roles Played by Inorganic Salts in Organozinc Formation and in the Negishi Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 60:12224-12241. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202010917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Philip Eckert
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation (CCRI) Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences University of Ottawa Ottawa Ontario K1N6N5 Canada
| | - Sepideh Sharif
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation (CCRI) Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences University of Ottawa Ottawa Ontario K1N6N5 Canada
| | - Michael G. Organ
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation (CCRI) Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences University of Ottawa Ottawa Ontario K1N6N5 Canada
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11
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Hayhow TG, Borrows REA, Diène CR, Fairley G, Fallan C, Fillery SM, Scott JS, Watson DW. A Buchwald–Hartwig Protocol to Enable Rapid Linker Exploration of Cereblon E3‐Ligase PROTACs**. Chemistry 2020; 26:16818-16823. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas G. Hayhow
- Medicinal Chemistry, Oncology R&D, Research and Early Development AstraZeneca Cambridge Science Park, Unit 310 Darwin Building Cambridge CB4 0WG UK
| | - Rachel E. A. Borrows
- Medicinal Chemistry, Oncology R&D, Research and Early Development AstraZeneca Cambridge Science Park, Unit 310 Darwin Building Cambridge CB4 0WG UK
| | - Coura R. Diène
- Medicinal Chemistry, Oncology R&D, Research and Early Development AstraZeneca Cambridge Science Park, Unit 310 Darwin Building Cambridge CB4 0WG UK
| | - Gary Fairley
- Medicinal Chemistry, Oncology R&D, Research and Early Development AstraZeneca Macclesfield Campus, Etherow Building, Silk Road Industrial Estate Macclesfield SK10 2NA UK
| | - Charlene Fallan
- Medicinal Chemistry, Oncology R&D, Research and Early Development AstraZeneca Cambridge Science Park, Unit 310 Darwin Building Cambridge CB4 0WG UK
| | - Shaun M. Fillery
- Medicinal Chemistry, Oncology R&D, Research and Early Development AstraZeneca Cambridge Science Park, Unit 310 Darwin Building Cambridge CB4 0WG UK
| | - James S. Scott
- Medicinal Chemistry, Oncology R&D, Research and Early Development AstraZeneca Cambridge Science Park, Unit 310 Darwin Building Cambridge CB4 0WG UK
| | - David W. Watson
- Medicinal Chemistry, Oncology R&D, Research and Early Development AstraZeneca Cambridge Science Park, Unit 310 Darwin Building Cambridge CB4 0WG UK
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12
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Peris E, Porcar R, Macia M, Alcázar J, García-Verdugo E, Luis SV. Synergy between supported ionic liquid-like phases and immobilized palladium N-heterocyclic carbene-phosphine complexes for the Negishi reaction under flow conditions. Beilstein J Org Chem 2020; 16:1924-1935. [PMID: 32802209 PMCID: PMC7418103 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.16.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The combination of supported ionic liquids and immobilized NHC-Pd-RuPhos led to active and more stable systems for the Negishi reaction under continuous flow conditions than those solely based on NHC-Pd-RuPhos. The fine tuning of the NHC-Pd catalyst and the SILLPs is a key factor for the optimization of the release and catch mechanism leading to a catalytic system easily recoverable and reusable for a large number of catalytic cycles enhancing the long-term catalytic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Peris
- Dpt. of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Supramolecular and Sustainable Chemistry Group, University Jaume I, Avda Sos Baynat s/n, E-12071-Castellon, Spain
| | - Raúl Porcar
- Dpt. of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Supramolecular and Sustainable Chemistry Group, University Jaume I, Avda Sos Baynat s/n, E-12071-Castellon, Spain
| | - María Macia
- Dpt. of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Supramolecular and Sustainable Chemistry Group, University Jaume I, Avda Sos Baynat s/n, E-12071-Castellon, Spain
| | - Jesús Alcázar
- Discovery Chemistry, Janssen Research and Development, Janssen-Cilag, S.A., C/ Jarama 75A, Toledo, Spain
| | - Eduardo García-Verdugo
- Dpt. of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Supramolecular and Sustainable Chemistry Group, University Jaume I, Avda Sos Baynat s/n, E-12071-Castellon, Spain
| | - Santiago V Luis
- Dpt. of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Supramolecular and Sustainable Chemistry Group, University Jaume I, Avda Sos Baynat s/n, E-12071-Castellon, Spain
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13
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Eseola AO, Görls H, Orighomisan Woods JA, Plass W. Single monodentate N-donor ligands versus multi-ligand analogues in Pd(II)-catalysed C–C coupling at reduced temperatures. Polyhedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2020.114507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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14
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Denisov MS, Glushkov VA. N-Heterocyclic Carbenes: XII. Sterically Congested Diterpene Imidazolium and Benzimidazolium Salts. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428020050085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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15
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Mendel M, Kalvet I, Hupperich D, Magnin G, Schoenebeck F. Site-Selective, Modular Diversification of Polyhalogenated Aryl Fluorosulfates (ArOSO 2 F) Enabled by an Air-Stable Pd I Dimer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:2115-2119. [PMID: 31733009 PMCID: PMC7003813 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201911465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Since 2014, the interest in aryl fluorosulfates (ArOSO2 F) as well as their implementation in powerful applications has continuously grown. In this context, the enabling capability of ArOSO2 F will strongly depend on the substitution pattern of the arene, which ultimately dictates its overall function as drug candidate, material, or bio-linker. This report showcases the modular, substrate-independent, and fully predictable, selective functionalization of polysubstituted arenes bearing C-OSO2 F, C-Br, and C-Cl sites, which makes it possible to diversify the arene in the presence of OSO2 F or utilize OSO2 F as a triflate surrogate. Sequential and triply selective arylations and alkylations were realized within minutes at room temperature, using a single and air-stable PdI dimer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin Mendel
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Indrek Kalvet
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Daniel Hupperich
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Guillaume Magnin
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
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16
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Mendel M, Kalvet I, Hupperich D, Magnin G, Schoenebeck F. Chemoselektive, modulare Diversifikation polyhalogenierter Arylfluorosulfate (ArOSO
2
F), ermöglicht durch ein luftstabiles Pd
I
‐Dimer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201911465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marvin Mendel
- Institut für Organische ChemieRWTH Aachen Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Deutschland
| | - Indrek Kalvet
- Institut für Organische ChemieRWTH Aachen Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Deutschland
| | - Daniel Hupperich
- Institut für Organische ChemieRWTH Aachen Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Deutschland
| | - Guillaume Magnin
- Institut für Organische ChemieRWTH Aachen Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Deutschland
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17
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Denisov MS, Dmitriev MV, Gorbunov AA, Glushkov VA. Complexes of palladium(II) with N-heterocyclic carbenes from adamantylimidazole as precatalysts for thiophene and imidazole arylation. Russ Chem Bull 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-019-2664-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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18
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Eckert P, Organ MG. The Role of LiBr and ZnBr
2
on the Cross‐Coupling of Aryl Bromides with Bu
2
Zn or BuZnBr. Chemistry 2019; 25:15751-15754. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philip Eckert
- Director, Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation (CCRI)Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of Ottawa Ottawa Ontario K1N6N5 Canada
| | - Michael G. Organ
- Director, Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation (CCRI)Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of Ottawa Ottawa Ontario K1N6N5 Canada
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19
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Lombardi C, Rucker RP, Froese RDJ, Sharif S, Champagne PA, Organ MG. Rate and Computational Studies for Pd‐NHC‐Catalyzed Amination with Primary Alkylamines and Secondary Anilines: Rationalizing Selectivity for Monoarylation versus Diarylation with NHC Ligands. Chemistry 2019; 25:14223-14229. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard P. Rucker
- Department of ChemistryYork University 4700 Keele St Toronto ON M3J 1P3 Canada
| | | | - Sepideh Sharif
- Department of ChemistryYork University 4700 Keele St Toronto ON M3J 1P3 Canada
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation (CCRI)Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of Ottawa, 75 Laurier Ave East Ottawa ON K1N 6N5 Canada
| | - Pier Alexandre Champagne
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental ScienceNew Jersey Institute of Technology Newark NJ 07102 USA
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation (CCRI)Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of Ottawa, 75 Laurier Ave East Ottawa ON K1N 6N5 Canada
| | - Michael G. Organ
- Department of ChemistryYork University 4700 Keele St Toronto ON M3J 1P3 Canada
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation (CCRI)Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of Ottawa, 75 Laurier Ave East Ottawa ON K1N 6N5 Canada
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20
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Sharif S, Rodriguez MJ, Lu Y, Kopach ME, Mitchell D, Hunter HN, Organ MG. Sodium Butylated Hydroxytoluene (NaBHT) as a New and Efficient Hydride Source for Pd-Catalysed Reduction Reactions. Chemistry 2019; 25:13099-13103. [PMID: 31538384 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
NaBHT (sodium butylated hydroxytoluene), a hindered and soluble base for the efficient arylation of various base-sensitive amines and (hetero)aryl halides has been found to have an unanticipated role as a hydride donor to reduce (hetero)aryl halides and allylic acetates. Mechanistic studies have uncovered that NaBHT, but not BHT, can deliver multiple hydrides through oxidation of the benzylic methyl group in NaBHT to the aldehyde. Further, performing the reduction with NaBHT-d20 has revealed that the redox-active benzylic position is not the only hydride donor site from NaBHT with one hydride in three coming, presumably, from the tert-butyl groups. The reduction works well under mild conditions and, incredibly, only consumes 20 percent of the NaBHT in the process; the remaining 80 percent can be readily recovered in pure form and reused. This, combined with the low cost of the material in ton-scale quantity, makes it practical and attractive for wider use in industry at scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Sharif
- Department of Chemistry, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario, M3J1P3, Canada
| | | | - Yu Lu
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Indianapolis, IN, 46285, USA
| | | | - David Mitchell
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Indianapolis, IN, 46285, USA
| | - Howard N Hunter
- Department of Chemistry, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario, M3J1P3, Canada
| | - Michael G Organ
- Department of Chemistry, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario, M3J1P3, Canada.,Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation (CCRI) and Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N6N5, Canada
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21
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Shaughnessy KH. Development of Palladium Precatalysts that Efficiently Generate LPd(0) Active Species. Isr J Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201900067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin H. Shaughnessy
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry The University of Alabama Tuscaloosa AL 35487-0336 USA
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22
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Sather AC, Martinot TA. Data-Rich Experimentation Enables Palladium-Catalyzed Couplings of Piperidines and Five-Membered (Hetero)aromatic Electrophiles. Org Process Res Dev 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.9b00233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron C. Sather
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Theodore A. Martinot
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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23
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Sinha N, Heijnen D, Feringa BL, Organ MG. Murahashi Cross-Coupling at -78 °C: A One-Pot Procedure for Sequential C-C/C-C, C-C/C-N, and C-C/C-S Cross-Coupling of Bromo-Chloro-Arenes. Chemistry 2019; 25:9180-9184. [PMID: 31232486 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201901678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The coupling of organolithium reagents, including strongly hindered examples, at cryogenic temperatures (as low as -78 °C) has been achieved with high-reactivity Pd-NHC catalysts. A temperature-dependent chemoselectivity trigger has been developed for the selective coupling of aryl bromides in the presence of chlorides. Building on this, a one-pot, sequential coupling strategy is presented for the rapid construction of advanced building blocks. Importantly, one-shot addition of alkyllithium compounds to Pd cross-coupling reactions has been achieved, eliminating the need for slow addition by syringe pump.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narayan Sinha
- Department of Chemistry, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario, M3J1P3, Canada.,Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation (CCRI) and Department of, Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N6N5, Canada
| | - Dorus Heijnen
- Department of Chemistry, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario, M3J1P3, Canada.,Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Michael G Organ
- Department of Chemistry, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario, M3J1P3, Canada.,Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation (CCRI) and Department of, Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N6N5, Canada
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24
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Amido-functionalized N-Heterocyclic carbene ligands and corresponding PalladiumComplexes: Synthesis, characterization and catalytic activity. J Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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25
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26
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Ma Y, Cammarata J, Cornella J. Ni-Catalyzed Reductive Liebeskind-Srogl Alkylation of Heterocycles. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:1918-1922. [PMID: 30650305 PMCID: PMC6728094 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b13534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Herein we present a Ni-catalyzed alkylation of C-SMe with alkyl bromides for the decoration of heterocyclic frameworks. The protocol, reminiscent to the Liebeskind-Srogl coupling, makes use of simple C(sp2)-SMe to be engaged in a reductive coupling. The reaction is suitable for a preponderance of highly valuable heterocyclic motifs. In addition to cyclic bromides, noncyclic alkyl bromides are well accommodated with exquisite levels of retention over isomerization. The protocol is scalable and permits orthogonal couplings in the presence of other functionalization handles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhong Ma
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, Mülheim an der Ruhr, 45470, Germany
| | - Jose Cammarata
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, Mülheim an der Ruhr, 45470, Germany
| | - Josep Cornella
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, Mülheim an der Ruhr, 45470, Germany
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27
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin Diner
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation (CCRI) and Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Michael G. Organ
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation (CCRI) and Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1N 6N5, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto M3J 1P3, Canada
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28
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Cherney AH, Hedley SJ, Mennen SM, Tedrow JS. Xantphos as a Branch-Selective Ligand for the Acyclic sec-Alkyl Negishi Cross-Coupling of Heteroaryl Halides. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alan H. Cherney
- Drug Substance Technologies, Amgen, Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Simon J. Hedley
- Drug Substance Technologies, Amgen, Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Steven M. Mennen
- Drug Substance Technologies, Amgen, Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Jason S. Tedrow
- Drug Substance Technologies, Amgen, Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
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29
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Wu Q, Han S, Ren X, Lu H, Li J, Zou D, Wu Y, Wu Y. Pd-Catalyzed Alkylation of (Iso)quinolines and Arenes: 2-Acylpyridine Compounds as Alkylation Reagents. Org Lett 2018; 20:6345-6348. [PMID: 30284838 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b02498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The first Pd-catalyzed alkylation of (iso)quinolines and arenes is reported. The readily available and bench-stable 2-acylpyridine compounds were used as an alkylation reagent to form the structurally versatile alkylated (iso)quinolines and arenes. The method affords a convenient pathway for the introduction of alkyl groups into organic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingsong Wu
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450052 , People's Republic of China
| | - Shuaijun Han
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450052 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxiao Ren
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450052 , People's Republic of China
| | - Hongtao Lu
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450052 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jingya Li
- Tetranov Biopharm, LLC, and Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Zhengzhou , 450052 , People's Republic of China
| | - Dapeng Zou
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450052 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yangjie Wu
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450052 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yusheng Wu
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450052 , People's Republic of China.,Tetranov Biopharm, LLC, and Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Zhengzhou , 450052 , People's Republic of China.,Tetranov International, Inc.. 100 Jersey Avenue, Suite A340 , New Brunswick , New Jersey 08901 , United States
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30
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Wu X, Silverå Ejneby M, Ottosson NE, Elinder F, Konradsson P. A Suzuki-Miyaura Coupling of ortho
-Hydroxyaryl Bromide with Isopropenylboronic Pinacol Ester: Synthesis of the Potassium-Channel Opener (+)-Callitrisic Acid. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiongyu Wu
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology; Linköping University; Linköping Sweden
| | - Malin Silverå Ejneby
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine; Linköping University; Linköping Sweden
| | - Nina E Ottosson
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine; Linköping University; Linköping Sweden
| | - Fredrik Elinder
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine; Linköping University; Linköping Sweden
| | - Peter Konradsson
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology; Linköping University; Linköping Sweden
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31
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Zhang KF, Christoffel F, Baudoin O. Barbier-Negishi Coupling of Secondary Alkyl Bromides with Aryl and Alkenyl Triflates and Nonaflates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:1982-1986. [PMID: 29316142 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201711990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A mild and practical Barbier-Negishi coupling of secondary alkyl bromides with aryl and alkenyl triflates and nonaflates has been developed. This challenging reaction was enabled by the use of a very bulky imidazole-based phosphine ligand, which resulted in good yields as well as good chemo- and site selectivities for a broad range of substrates at room temperature and under non-aqueous conditions. This reaction was extended to primary alkyl bromides by using an analogous pyrazole-based ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Feng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Fadri Christoffel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Baudoin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
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32
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Zhang KF, Christoffel F, Baudoin O. Barbier-Negishi Coupling of Secondary Alkyl Bromides with Aryl and Alkenyl Triflates and Nonaflates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201711990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Feng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry; University of Basel; St. Johanns-Ring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Fadri Christoffel
- Department of Chemistry; University of Basel; St. Johanns-Ring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Olivier Baudoin
- Department of Chemistry; University of Basel; St. Johanns-Ring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
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33
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Sharif S, Day J, Hunter HN, Lu Y, Mitchell D, Rodriguez MJ, Organ MG. Cross-Coupling of Primary Amides to Aryl and Heteroaryl Partners Using (DiMeIHept Cl)Pd Promoted by Trialkylboranes or B(C 6F 5) 3. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:18436-18439. [PMID: 29035559 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b09488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Boron-derived Lewis acids have been shown to effectively promote the coupling of amide nucleophiles to a wide variety of oxidative addition partners using Pd-NHC catalysts. Through a combination of NMR spectroscopy and control studies with and without oxygen and radical scavengers, we propose that boron-imidates form under the basic reaction conditions that aid coordination of nitrogen to Pd(II), which is rate limiting, and directly delivers the intermediate for reductive elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Sharif
- Department of Chemistry, York University 4700 Keele Street, Toronto M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Jonathan Day
- Department of Chemistry, York University 4700 Keele Street, Toronto M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Howard N Hunter
- Department of Chemistry, York University 4700 Keele Street, Toronto M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Yu Lu
- Lilly Research Laboratories, a Division of Eli Lilly and Company , Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - David Mitchell
- Lilly Research Laboratories, a Division of Eli Lilly and Company , Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Michael J Rodriguez
- Lilly Research Laboratories, a Division of Eli Lilly and Company , Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Michael G Organ
- Department of Chemistry, York University 4700 Keele Street, Toronto M3J 1P3, Canada.,Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation (CCRI) and Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa , Ottawa K1N6N5, Canada
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34
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Avinash I, Gupta V, Karthik V, Anantharaman G. A straightforward synthesis of 4,5-dihalofunctionalized imidazol-2-ylidene/imidazolyl-metal complexes from trihaloimidazolium salts/imidazoles: Structure and catalytic studies. J Organomet Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2017.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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35
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Price GA, Hassan A, Chandrasoma N, Bogdan AR, Djuric SW, Organ MG. Pd-PEPPSI-IPent-SiO2
: A Supported Catalyst for Challenging Negishi Coupling Reactions in Flow. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:13347-13350. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201708598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory A. Price
- Department of Chemistry; York University; 4700 Keele Street Toronto Ontario M3J1P3 Canada
| | - Abbas Hassan
- Department of Chemistry; York University; 4700 Keele Street Toronto Ontario M3J1P3 Canada
- Department of Chemistry; Quaid-i-Azam University; Islamabad 45320 Pakistan
| | - Nalin Chandrasoma
- Department of Chemistry; York University; 4700 Keele Street Toronto Ontario M3J1P3 Canada
| | | | | | - Michael G. Organ
- Department of Chemistry; York University; 4700 Keele Street Toronto Ontario M3J1P3 Canada
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation (CCRI) and Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences; University of Ottawa; Ottawa Ontario K1N6N5 Canada
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36
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Price GA, Hassan A, Chandrasoma N, Bogdan AR, Djuric SW, Organ MG. Pd-PEPPSI-IPent-SiO2
: A Supported Catalyst for Challenging Negishi Coupling Reactions in Flow. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201708598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory A. Price
- Department of Chemistry; York University; 4700 Keele Street Toronto Ontario M3J1P3 Canada
| | - Abbas Hassan
- Department of Chemistry; York University; 4700 Keele Street Toronto Ontario M3J1P3 Canada
- Department of Chemistry; Quaid-i-Azam University; Islamabad 45320 Pakistan
| | - Nalin Chandrasoma
- Department of Chemistry; York University; 4700 Keele Street Toronto Ontario M3J1P3 Canada
| | | | | | - Michael G. Organ
- Department of Chemistry; York University; 4700 Keele Street Toronto Ontario M3J1P3 Canada
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation (CCRI) and Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences; University of Ottawa; Ottawa Ontario K1N6N5 Canada
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37
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Froese RDJ, Lombardi C, Pompeo M, Rucker RP, Organ MG. Designing Pd-N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes for High Reactivity and Selectivity for Cross-Coupling Applications. Acc Chem Res 2017; 50:2244-2253. [PMID: 28837317 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.7b00249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, the use of Pd-NHC complexes in cross-coupling applications has blossomed, and reactions that were either not previously possible or possible only under very forcing conditions (e.g., > 100 °C, strong base) are now feasible under mild conditions (e.g., room temperature, weak base). Access to tools such as computational chemistry has facilitated a much greater mechanistic understanding of catalytic cycles, which has enabled the design of new NHC ligands and accelerated advances in cross-coupling. With these elements of rational design, highly reactive Pd-NHC complexes have been invented to catalyze the selective formation of single products in a variety of transformations that have the potential to afford multiple compounds (e.g., isomers). Pd-NHC catalysts may be prepared as stable Pd(II) precatalysts that are readily reduced to the active Pd(0) species in the presence of an organometallic cross-coupling partner or nucleophile possessing β-hydrogens. It has been found from computational and experimental results that Pd-NHC complexes bearing a single bulky NHC ligand are well-suited to tackle challenging cross-coupling reactions. N-Aryl-substituted imidazole-2-ylidenes with branched alkyl chains at the ortho positions of the aryl group are effective for the challenging couplings of hindered biaryls, secondary alkyl organozincs, electron-deficient anilines, α-amino esters, primary alkylamines, and ammonia. The bulk of the NHC has been tuned by increasing the size of the alkyl groups at the ortho positions and substituting the NHC core with chlorine substituents. All of the cross-coupling transformations studied benefit from the increased bulk when the ortho groups are changed from methyl to 2-propyl to 3-pentyl. However, there is a limit to the positive effect of steric bulk, as some reactions do not benefit from the increased size of the 4-heptyl group compared with 3-pentyl. Thus, there is an optimum size for the NHC ligand that depends upon whether reactivity (turnover frequency and turnover number), selectivity, or both are needed to obtain the desired reaction outcome. In the cases that we have studied, reactivity and selectivity increase together (i.e., the fastest catalyst is also the most selective), allowing cross-couplings to be carried out under mild conditions to obtain one product with high selectivity. This Account focuses on seminal literature reports that have disclosed new Pd-NHC complexes that have led to significant breakthroughs in efficacy for challenging couplings while demonstrating high selectivity for the desired target. These catalysts have been used widely in materials science, pharmaceutical, and agrochemical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christopher Lombardi
- Department
of Chemistry, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M3J
1P3, Canada
| | - Matthew Pompeo
- Department
of Chemistry, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M3J
1P3, Canada
| | - Richard P. Rucker
- Department
of Chemistry, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M3J
1P3, Canada
| | - Michael G. Organ
- Centre
for Catalysis Research and Innovation (CCRI), Department of Chemistry
and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 75 Laurier Avenue
East, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
- Department
of Chemistry, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M3J
1P3, Canada
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38
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Zhang Y, Lavigne G, Lugan N, César V. Buttressing Effect as a Key Design Principle towards Highly Efficient Palladium/N-Heterocyclic Carbene Buchwald-Hartwig Amination Catalysts. Chemistry 2017; 23:13792-13801. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201702859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yin Zhang
- LCC-CNRS; Université de Toulouse, INPT, UPS; Toulouse France
| | - Guy Lavigne
- LCC-CNRS; Université de Toulouse, INPT, UPS; Toulouse France
| | - Noël Lugan
- LCC-CNRS; Université de Toulouse, INPT, UPS; Toulouse France
| | - Vincent César
- LCC-CNRS; Université de Toulouse, INPT, UPS; Toulouse France
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39
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Khadra A, Mayer S, Mitchell D, Rodriguez MJ, Organ MG. A General Protocol for the Broad-Spectrum Cross-Coupling of Nonactivated Sterically Hindered 1° and 2° Amines. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abir Khadra
- Department
of Chemistry, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario M3J1P3, Canada
| | - Stanislas Mayer
- Domain Therapeutics
SA, BioParc-850 Bld Sébastien
Brant, 67400 Illkirch, France
| | - David Mitchell
- Lilly
Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Michael J. Rodriguez
- Lilly
Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Michael G. Organ
- Department
of Chemistry, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario M3J1P3, Canada
- Center
for Catalysis Research and Innovation (CCRI) and Department of Chemistry
and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N6N5, Canada
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40
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Zhu H, Shen Y, Deng Q, Chen J, Tu T. Acenaphthoimidazolylidene Gold Complex-Catalyzed Alkylsulfonylation of Boronic Acids by Potassium Metabisulfite and Alkyl Halides: A Direct and Robust Protocol To Access Sulfones. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b00860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Zhu
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Department
of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yajing Shen
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Department
of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Qinyue Deng
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Department
of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jiangbo Chen
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Department
of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Tao Tu
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Department
of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of
Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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41
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Kalvet I, Sperger T, Scattolin T, Magnin G, Schoenebeck F. Palladium(I) Dimer Enabled Extremely Rapid and Chemoselective Alkylation of Aryl Bromides over Triflates and Chlorides in Air. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:7078-7082. [PMID: 28508520 PMCID: PMC5488304 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201701691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Disclosed herein is the first general chemo- and site-selective alkylation of C-Br bonds in the presence of COTf, C-Cl and other potentially reactive functional groups, using the air-, moisture-, and thermally stable dinuclear PdI catalyst, [Pd(μ-I)PtBu3 ]2 . The bromo-selectivity is independent of the substrate and the relative positioning of the competing reaction sites, and as such fully predictable. Primary and secondary alkyl chains were introduced with extremely high speed (<5 min reaction time) at room temperature and under open-flask reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indrek Kalvet
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Theresa Sperger
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Thomas Scattolin
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Guillaume Magnin
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
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42
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Zhang S, Cai J, Yamamoto Y, Bao M. Palladium-Catalyzed sp2–sp3 Coupling of Chloromethylarenes with Allyltrimethoxysilane: Synthesis of Allyl Arenes. J Org Chem 2017; 82:5974-5980. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b00678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Jinfang Cai
- State
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yoshinori Yamamoto
- State
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China
- WPI-AIMR
(WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Ming Bao
- State
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China
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43
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Kalvet I, Sperger T, Scattolin T, Magnin G, Schoenebeck F. Palladium(I) Dimer Enabled Extremely Rapid and Chemoselective Alkylation of Aryl Bromides over Triflates and Chlorides in Air. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201701691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Indrek Kalvet
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Theresa Sperger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Thomas Scattolin
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Guillaume Magnin
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Franziska Schoenebeck
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
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Abstract
Transition metal-catalysed cross-coupling is one of the most powerful synthetic methods and has led to vast improvements in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals and precursors for materials chemistry. A major advance in cross-coupling over the past 20 years is the utilization of well-defined, bench-stable Pd and Ni precatalysts that do not require the addition of free ancillary ligand, which can hinder catalysis by occupying open coordination sites on the metal. The development of precatalysts has resulted in new reactions and expanded substrate scopes, enabling transformations under milder conditions and with lower catalyst loadings. This Review highlights recent advances in the development of Pd and Ni precatalysts for cross-coupling, and provides a critical comparison between the state of the art in Pd- and Ni-based systems.
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Khadra A, Mayer S, Organ MG. Pd-PEPPSI-IPentCl
: A Useful Catalyst for the Coupling of 2-Aminopyridine Derivatives. Chemistry 2017; 23:3206-3212. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201605490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abir Khadra
- Department of Chemistry; York University; 4700 Keele Street Toronto Ontario M3J1P3 Canada
| | | | - Michael G. Organ
- Department of Chemistry; York University; 4700 Keele Street Toronto Ontario M3J1P3 Canada
- Director, Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation (CCRI) and; Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences; University of Ottawa; Ottawa Ontario K1N6N5 Canada
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