1
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Xiao L, Xian M, Zhang C, Guo Q, Yi Q. Lipid peroxidation of immune cells in cancer. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1322746. [PMID: 38259464 PMCID: PMC10800824 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1322746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence indicates that cellular metabolism is a critical determinant of immune cell viability and function in antitumor immunity and lipid metabolism is important for immune cell activation and adaptation to the tumor microenvironment (TME). Lipid peroxidation is a process in which oxidants attack lipid-containing carbon-carbon double bonds and is an important part of lipid metabolism. In the past decades, studies have shown that lipid peroxidation participates in signal transduction to control cell proliferation, differentiation, and cell death, which is essential for cell function execution and human health. More importantly, recent studies have shown that lipid peroxidation affects immune cell function to modulate tumor immunity and antitumor ability. In this review, we briefly overview the effect of lipid peroxidation on the adaptive and innate immune cell activation and function in TME and discuss the effectiveness and sensitivity of the antitumor ability of immune cells by regulating lipid peroxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Qing Yi
- Center for Translational Research in Hematologic Malignancies, Houston Methodist Neal Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX, United States
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2
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Amorati R, Guo Y, Budhlall BM, Barry CF, Cao D, Challa SSRK. Tandem Hydroperoxyl-Alkylperoxyl Radical Quenching by an Engineered Nanoporous Cerium Oxide Nanoparticle Macrostructure (NCeONP): Toward Efficient Solid-State Autoxidation Inhibitors. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:40174-40183. [PMID: 37929124 PMCID: PMC10620910 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c03654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
The use of nanomaterials as inhibitors of the autoxidation of organic materials is attracting tremendous interest in petrochemistry, food storage, and biomedical applications. Metal oxide materials and CeO2 in particular represent one of the most investigated inorganic materials with promising radical trapping and antioxidant abilities. However, despite the importance, examples of the CeO2 material's ability to retard the autoxidation of organic substrates are still lacking, together with a plausible chemical mechanism for radical trapping. Herein, we report the synthesis of a new CeO2-derived nanoporous material (NCeONP) with excellent autoxidation inhibiting properties due to its ability to catalyze the cross-dismutation of alkyl peroxyl (ROO•) and hydroperoxyl (HOO•) radicals, generated in the system by the addition of the pro-aromatic hydrocarbon γ-terpinene. The antioxidant ability of NCeONP is superior to that of other nanosized metal oxides, including TiO2, ZnO, ZrO2, and pristine CeO2 nanoparticles. Studies of the reaction with a sacrificial reductant allowed us to propose a mechanism of inhibition consisting of H atom transfer from HOO• to the metal oxides (MOx + HOO• → MOx-H• + O2), followed by the release of the H atom to an ROO• radical (MOx-H• + ROO• → MOx + ROOH). Besides identifying NCeONP as a promising material for developing effective antioxidants, our study provides the first evidence of a radical mechanism that can be exploited to develop novel solid-state autoxidation inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Amorati
- Department
of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Via Gobetti 83, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Yafang Guo
- Department
of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Via Gobetti 83, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Bridgette Maria Budhlall
- Department
of Plastics Engineering, University of Massachusetts
Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
| | - Carol Forance Barry
- Department
of Plastics Engineering, University of Massachusetts
Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
| | - Dongmei Cao
- Shared
Instrumentation Facility, Louisiana State
University, 121 Chemistry and Material Building, 4048 Highland Rd., Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70809, United States
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3
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Mavridi-Printezi A, Mollica F, Lucernati R, Montalti M, Amorati R. Insight into the Antioxidant Activity of 1,8-Dihydroxynaphthalene Allomelanin Nanoparticles. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1511. [PMID: 37627506 PMCID: PMC10451768 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanins are stable and non-toxic pigments with great potential as chemopreventive agents against oxidative stress for medical and cosmetic applications. Allomelanin is a class of nitrogen-free melanin often found in fungi. The artificial allomelanin obtained by the polymerization of 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene (DHN), poly-DHN (PDHN), has been recently indicated as a better radical quencher than polydopamine (PDA), a melanin model obtained by the polymerization of dopamine (DA); however, the chemical mechanisms underlying this difference are unclear. Here we investigate, by experimental and theoretical methods, the ability of PDHN nanoparticles (PDHN-NP), in comparison to PDA-NP, to trap alkylperoxyl (ROO•) and hydroperoxyl (HOO•) radicals that are involved in the propagation of peroxidation in real conditions. Our results demonstrate that PDHN-NP present a higher antioxidant efficiency with respect to PDA-NP against ROO• in water at pH 7.4 and against mixed ROO• and HOO• in acetonitrile, showing catalytic cross-termination activity. The antioxidant capacity of PDHN-NP in water is 0.8 mmol/g (ROO• radicals quenched by 1 g of PDHN-NP), with a rate constant of 3 × 105 M-1 s-1 for each reactive moiety. Quantum-mechanical calculations revealed that, thanks to the formation of a H-bond network, the quinones in PDHN-NP have a high affinity for H-atoms, thus justifying the high reactivity of PDHN-NP with HOO• observed experimentally.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Marco Montalti
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (A.M.-P.); (F.M.)
| | - Riccardo Amorati
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (A.M.-P.); (F.M.)
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4
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de Sousa DP, Damasceno ROS, Amorati R, Elshabrawy HA, de Castro RD, Bezerra DP, Nunes VRV, Gomes RC, Lima TC. Essential Oils: Chemistry and Pharmacological Activities. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1144. [PMID: 37509180 PMCID: PMC10377445 DOI: 10.3390/biom13071144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, we provide an overview of the current understanding of the main mechanisms of pharmacological action of essential oils and their components in various biological systems. A brief introduction on essential oil chemistry is presented to better understand the relationship of chemical aspects with the bioactivity of these products. Next, the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, and antimicrobial activities are discussed. The mechanisms of action against various types of viruses are also addressed. The data show that the multiplicity of pharmacological properties of essential oils occurs due to the chemical diversity in their composition and their ability to interfere with biological processes at cellular and multicellular levels via interaction with various biological targets. Therefore, these natural products can be a promising source for the development of new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damião P de Sousa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Renan Oliveira S Damasceno
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center of Biosciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Riccardo Amorati
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Gobetti 83, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Hatem A Elshabrawy
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Sam Houston State University, Conroe, TX 77304, USA
| | - Ricardo D de Castro
- Department of Clinical and Social Dentistry, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-970, Brazil
| | - Daniel P Bezerra
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador 40296-710, Brazil
| | - Vitória Regina V Nunes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Rebeca C Gomes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Tamires C Lima
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, Brazil
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5
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Mavridi-Printezi A, Menichetti A, Mordini D, Amorati R, Montalti M. Recent Applications of Melanin-like Nanoparticles as Antioxidant Agents. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040863. [PMID: 37107238 PMCID: PMC10135245 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanosized antioxidants are highly advantageous in terms of versatility and pharmacokinetics, with respect to conventional molecular ones. Melanin-like materials, artificial species inspired by natural melanin, combine recognized antioxidant (AOX) activity with a unique versatility of preparation and modification. Due to this versatility and documented biocompatibility, artificial melanin has been incorporated into a variety of nanoparticles (NP) in order to give new platforms for nanomedicine with enhanced AOX activity. In this review article, we first discuss the chemical mechanisms behind the AOX activity of materials in the context of the inhibition of the radical chain reaction responsible for the peroxidation of biomolecules. We also focus briefly on the AOX properties of melanin-like NP, considering the effect of parameters such as size, preparation methods and surface functionalization on them. Then, we consider the most recent and relevant applications of AOX melanin-like NPs that are able to counteract ferroptosis and be involved in the treatment of important diseases that affect, e.g., the cardiovascular and nervous systems, as well as the kidneys, liver and articulations. A specific section will be dedicated to cancer treatment, since the role of melanin in this context is still very debated. Finally, we propose future strategies in AOX development for a better chemical understanding of melanin-like materials. In particular, the composition and structure of these materials are still debated, and they present a high level of variability. Thus, a better understanding of the mechanism behind the interaction of melanin-like nanostructures with different radicals and highly reactive species would be highly advantageous for the design of more effective and specific AOX nano-agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arianna Menichetti
- Department of Chemistry «Giacomo Ciamician», University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Dario Mordini
- Department of Chemistry «Giacomo Ciamician», University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Riccardo Amorati
- Department of Chemistry «Giacomo Ciamician», University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Montalti
- Department of Chemistry «Giacomo Ciamician», University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Tecnopolo di Rimini, Via Dario Campana 71, 47921 Rimini, Italy
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6
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Timralieva A, Moskalenko IV, Nesterov PV, Shilovskikh VV, Novikov AS, Konstantinova EA, Kokorin AI, Skorb EV. Melamine Barbiturate as a Light-Induced Nanostructured Supramolecular Material for a Bioinspired Oxygen and Organic Radical Trap and Stabilization. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:8276-8284. [PMID: 36910956 PMCID: PMC9996620 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Use of coantioxidant systems is a prospective way to increase the effectiveness of antioxidant species in tissue repair and regeneration. In this paper, we introduce a novel scheme of a reactive oxygen species (ROS) trap and neutralization during self-assembly of supramolecular melamine barbiturate material. The performed reaction chain mimics the biological process of ROS generation in key stages and enables one to obtain stable hydroperoxyl and organic radicals in a melamine barbiturate structure. Melamine barbiturate also neutralizes hydroxyl radicals, and the effectiveness of the radical trap is controlled with ROS scavenger incorporation. The number of radicals dramatically increases during light-inducing and depends on pH. The proposed scheme of the ROS trap and neutralization opens a way to the use of supramolecular assemblies as a component of coantioxidant systems and a source of organic radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra
A. Timralieva
- Infochemistry
Scientific Center of ITMO University, Lomonosova str. 9, St. Petersburg 191002, Russia
| | - Ivan V. Moskalenko
- Infochemistry
Scientific Center of ITMO University, Lomonosova str. 9, St. Petersburg 191002, Russia
| | - Pavel V. Nesterov
- Infochemistry
Scientific Center of ITMO University, Lomonosova str. 9, St. Petersburg 191002, Russia
| | - Vladimir V. Shilovskikh
- Infochemistry
Scientific Center of ITMO University, Lomonosova str. 9, St. Petersburg 191002, Russia
| | - Alexander S. Novikov
- Infochemistry
Scientific Center of ITMO University, Lomonosova str. 9, St. Petersburg 191002, Russia
| | - Elizaveta A. Konstantinova
- Physics
Department, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State
University, Leninskie Gory 1/2, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Institute
of Nano-, Bio-, Information, Cognitive and Socio-humanistic Sciences
and Technologies, Moscow Institute of Physics
and Technology, Dolgoprudny 141701 Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Alexander I. Kokorin
- Infochemistry
Scientific Center of ITMO University, Lomonosova str. 9, St. Petersburg 191002, Russia
- N.
N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kosygin st. 4, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Plekhanov
Russian University of Economics, Stremyannyi per. 36, Moscow 115093, Russia
| | - Ekaterina V. Skorb
- Infochemistry
Scientific Center of ITMO University, Lomonosova str. 9, St. Petersburg 191002, Russia
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7
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Zhang X, Zuo T, Yu L. Ag/Se‐Catalyzed Selective Epoxidation of
β
‐Ionone with Molecular Oxygen. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202203514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Yangzhou University Yangzhou 225002 People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Zuo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Yangzhou University Yangzhou 225002 People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Yangzhou University Yangzhou 225002 People's Republic of China
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8
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A green and effective route leading to antiradical agents with 3-arylmethyl 4-hydroxyquinolin-2(1H)-one moiety. Tetrahedron Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2022.153847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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9
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Mieriņa I, Peipiņa E, Aišpure K, Jure M. 1st generation dendrimeric antioxidants containing Meldrum's acid moieties as surface groups. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj03830c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The first small branched architectures decorated with 1,3-dioxane-4,6-dione moieties containing dendrons are synthesized and their antiradical properties are demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inese Mieriņa
- Institute of Technology of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Paula Valdena Str. 3/7, Riga, LV 1048, Latvia
| | - Elīna Peipiņa
- Institute of Technology of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Paula Valdena Str. 3/7, Riga, LV 1048, Latvia
| | - Klaudija Aišpure
- Institute of Technology of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Paula Valdena Str. 3/7, Riga, LV 1048, Latvia
| | - Māra Jure
- Institute of Technology of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Paula Valdena Str. 3/7, Riga, LV 1048, Latvia
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10
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Hong'en C, Peizi L, Xiaobi J, Hongwei Z. Selective Epoxidation of β-Ionone Catalyzed by Iron-Doped Se/C. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202205005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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11
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Baschieri A, Amorati R. Methods to Determine Chain-Breaking Antioxidant Activity of Nanomaterials beyond DPPH •. A Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1551. [PMID: 34679687 PMCID: PMC8533328 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This review highlights the progress made in recent years in understanding the mechanism of action of nanomaterials with antioxidant activity and in the chemical methods used to evaluate their activity. Nanomaterials represent one of the most recent frontiers in the research for improved antioxidants, but further development is hampered by a poor characterization of the ''antioxidant activity'' property and by using oversimplified chemical methods. Inhibited autoxidation experiments provide valuable information about the interaction with the most important radicals involved in the lipid oxidation, namely alkylperoxyl and hydroperoxyl radicals, and demonstrate unambiguously the ability to stop the oxidation of organic materials. It is proposed that autoxidation methods should always complement (and possibly replace) the use of assays based on the quenching of stable radicals (such as DPPH• and ABTS•+). The mechanisms leading to the inhibition of the autoxidation (sacrificial and catalytic radical trapping antioxidant activity) are described in the context of nanoantioxidants. Guidelines for the selection of the appropriate testing conditions and of meaningful kinetic analysis are also given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Baschieri
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISOF-CNR), Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Riccardo Amorati
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Via S. Giacomo 11, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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12
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Guo Y, Baschieri A, Mollica F, Valgimigli L, Cedrowski J, Litwinienko G, Amorati R. Hydrogen Atom Transfer from HOO . to ortho-Quinones Explains the Antioxidant Activity of Polydopamine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:15220-15224. [PMID: 33876878 PMCID: PMC8362028 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202101033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Melanins are stable and non-toxic biomaterials with a great potential as chemopreventive agents for diseases connected with oxidative stress, but the mechanism of their antioxidant action is unclear. Herein, we show that polydopamine (PDA), a well-known synthetic melanin, becomes an excellent trap for alkylperoxyl radicals (ROO. , typically formed during autoxidation of lipid substrates) in the presence of hydroperoxyl radicals (HOO. ). The key reaction explaining this peculiar antioxidant activity is the reduction of the ortho-quinone moieties present in PDA by the reaction with HOO. . This reaction occurs via a H-atom transfer mechanism, as demonstrated by the large kinetic solvent effect of the reaction of a model quinone (3,5-di-tert-butyl-1,2-benzoquinone) with HOO. (k=1.5×107 and 1.1×105 M-1 s-1 in PhCl and MeCN). The chemistry disclosed herein is an important step to rationalize the redox-mediated bioactivity of melanins and of quinones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafang Guo
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”University of BolognaVia S. Giacomo 1140126BolognaItaly
| | - Andrea Baschieri
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”University of BolognaVia S. Giacomo 1140126BolognaItaly
| | - Fabio Mollica
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”University of BolognaVia S. Giacomo 1140126BolognaItaly
| | - Luca Valgimigli
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”University of BolognaVia S. Giacomo 1140126BolognaItaly
| | - Jakub Cedrowski
- Faculty of ChemistryUniversity of WarsawPasteura 102-093WarsawPoland
| | | | - Riccardo Amorati
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”University of BolognaVia S. Giacomo 1140126BolognaItaly
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13
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Guo Y, Baschieri A, Mollica F, Valgimigli L, Cedrowski J, Litwinienko G, Amorati R. Hydrogen Atom Transfer from HOO
.
to
ortho
‐Quinones Explains the Antioxidant Activity of Polydopamine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202101033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yafang Guo
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician” University of Bologna Via S. Giacomo 11 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Andrea Baschieri
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician” University of Bologna Via S. Giacomo 11 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Fabio Mollica
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician” University of Bologna Via S. Giacomo 11 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Luca Valgimigli
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician” University of Bologna Via S. Giacomo 11 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Jakub Cedrowski
- Faculty of Chemistry University of Warsaw Pasteura 1 02-093 Warsaw Poland
| | | | - Riccardo Amorati
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician” University of Bologna Via S. Giacomo 11 40126 Bologna Italy
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14
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Amić A, Milenković D, Marković Z, Cagardová D, Rodríguez-Guerra Pedregal J, Dimitrić Marković JM. Impact of the phenolic O–H vs. C-ring C–H bond cleavage on the antioxidant potency of dihydrokaempferol. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj00690h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In order to correctly estimate hydrogen atom abstraction from polyphenols, kinetic analysis including suitable tunneling effects should be mandatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Amić
- Department of Chemistry
- Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek
- 31000 Osijek
- Croatia
| | - Dejan Milenković
- Institute for Information Technologies
- Department of Science
- University of Kragujevac
- 34000 Kragujevac
- Serbia
| | - Zoran Marković
- Institute for Information Technologies
- Department of Science
- University of Kragujevac
- 34000 Kragujevac
- Serbia
| | - Denisa Cagardová
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics
- Department of Chemical Physics
- Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava
- SK-812 37 Bratislava
- Slovak Republic
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15
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Guo Y, Baschieri A, Amorati R, Valgimigli L. Synergic antioxidant activity of γ-terpinene with phenols and polyphenols enabled by hydroperoxyl radicals. Food Chem 2020; 345:128468. [PMID: 33341300 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Antioxidant interactions of γ-terpinene with α-tocopherol mimic 2,2,5,7,8-pentamethyl-6-chromanol (PMHC) and caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), used as models, respectively, of mono- and poly-phenols were demonstrated by differential oximetry during the inhibited autoxidation of model substrates: stripped sunflower oil, squalene, and styrene. With all substrates, γ-terpinene acts synergistically regenerating the chain-breaking antioxidants PMHC and CAPE from their radicals, via the formation of hydroperoxyl radicals. The inhibition duration for mixtures PMHC/γ-terpinene and CAPE/γ-terpinene increased with γ-terpinene concentration, while rate constants for radical-trapping were unchanged by γ-terpinene, being 3.1 × 106 and 4.8 × 105 M-1s-1 for PMHC and CAPE in chlorobenzene (30 °C). Using 3,5-di-tert-butylcatechol and 3,5-di-tert-butyl-1,2-bezoquinone we demonstrate that γ-terpinene can reduce quinones to catechols enabling their antioxidant activity. The different synergy mechanism of γ-terpinene with mono- and poly-phenolic antioxidants is discussed and its relevance is proven in homogenous lipids using natural α-tocopherol and hydroxytyrosol as antioxidants, calling for further studies in heterogenous food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafang Guo
- University of Bologna, Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", Via S. Giacomo 11, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Baschieri
- University of Bologna, Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", Via S. Giacomo 11, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Riccardo Amorati
- University of Bologna, Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", Via S. Giacomo 11, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Valgimigli
- University of Bologna, Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", Via S. Giacomo 11, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
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16
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Poon JF, Zilka O, Pratt DA. Potent Ferroptosis Inhibitors Can Catalyze the Cross-Dismutation of Phospholipid-Derived Peroxyl Radicals and Hydroperoxyl Radicals. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:14331-14342. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c06379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Fei Poon
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Omkar Zilka
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Derek A. Pratt
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
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17
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Effect of Antioxidants on High-Temperature Stability of Renewable Bio-Oils Revealed by an Innovative Method for the Determination of Kinetic Parameters of Oxidative Reactions. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9050399. [PMID: 32397271 PMCID: PMC7278824 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9050399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bio-oils employed for various industrial purposes, such as biodiesel production, undergo extensive oxidation and degradation during transformation processes. Therefore, it is extremely important to predict their stability at high temperature. We report herein a new procedure based on the optically detected profile of headspace O2 concentration during isotherms at 130 °C for evaluating the oxidation kinetic parameters of several bio-oil feedstocks. The slope of O2 consumption and the induction period duration were related to the oil characteristics (molecular structure, acidity, and presence of intrinsic antioxidants or metals). The increase of the induction time caused by a standardized propyl gallate addition yielded a semiquantitative value of radical generation rate. Investigated oils included used cooking oils; mono-, di-, and triglycerides from natural sources; free fatty acids; transesterified oils; and their blends. With respect to other methods, this characterization presents the advantage of disentangling and evaluating the role of both fatty acids composition and naturally occurring antioxidants, and allows the development of rational strategies for antioxidant protection of oils and of their blends.
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18
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Korth HG, Mulder P. Phenolic Hydrogen Transfer by Molecular Oxygen and Hydroperoxyl Radicals. Insights into the Mechanism of the Anthraquinone Process. J Org Chem 2020; 85:2560-2574. [PMID: 31922747 PMCID: PMC7040920 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b03286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
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Hydrogen
atom transfer (HAT) by 3O2 and HO2• from arenols
(ArOH), aryloxyls (ArO•), their tautomers (ArH),
and auxiliary compounds has been investigated by means of CBS-QB3
computations. With 3O2, excellent linear correlations
have been found between the activation enthalpy and the overall reaction
enthalpy. Different pathways have been discerned for HATs involving
OH or CH moieties. The results for ArOH + HO2• → ArO• + H2O2 neither afford a linear correlation
nor agree with the experiment. The precise mechanism for the liquid-phase
autoxidation of anthrahydroquinone (AnH2Q) appears to be
not fully understood. A kinetic analysis shows that the HAT by chain-carrying
HO2• occurs
with a high rate constant of ≥6 × 108 M–1 s–1 (toluene). The second propagation
step pertains to a diffusion-controlled HAT by 3O2 from the 10-OH-9-anthroxyl radical. Oxanthrone (AnOH) is a more
stable tautomer of AnH2Q with a ratio of 13 (298 K) in
non-hydrogen-bonding (HB) solvents, but the reactivity toward 3O2/HO2• is much lower. Combination of the computed free energies
and Abrahams’ HB donating (α2H) and accepting (β2H) parameters has afforded an α2H(HO2•) of 0.86 and an α2H(H2O2) of 0.50.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Gert Korth
- Institut für Organische Chemie , Universität Duisburg-Essen , D-45117 Essen , Germany
| | - Peter Mulder
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry , Leiden University , P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden , The Netherlands
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19
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Fontana A, Guernelli S, Di Crescenzo A, Di Profio P, Palomba F, De Crescentini L, Baschieri A, Amorati R. Cardanol-like co-surfactants solubilized in pegylated micelles keep their antioxidant activity and preserve polyethylene glycol chains from oxidation. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.111465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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20
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Baschieri A, Amorati R, Valgimigli L, Sambri L. 1-Methyl-1,4-cyclohexadiene as a Traceless Reducing Agent for the Synthesis of Catechols and Hydroquinones. J Org Chem 2019; 84:13655-13664. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Baschieri
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Università di Bologna, Via S. Giacomo 11, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Riccardo Amorati
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Università di Bologna, Via S. Giacomo 11, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Valgimigli
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Università di Bologna, Via S. Giacomo 11, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Letizia Sambri
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale “T. Montanari”Università di Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
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21
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Baschieri A, Pizzol R, Guo Y, Amorati R, Valgimigli L. Calibration of Squalene, p-Cymene, and Sunflower Oil as Standard Oxidizable Substrates for Quantitative Antioxidant Testing. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:6902-6910. [PMID: 31132263 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b01400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The autoxidation kinetics of stripped sunflower oil (SSO), squalene (SQ), and p-cymene ( p-C) initiated by 2,2'-azobis(isobutyronitrile) at 303 K were investigated under controlled conditions by differential oximetry in order to build reference model systems that are representative of the natural variability of oxidizable materials, for quantitative antioxidant testing. Rate constants for oxidative chain propagation ( kp) and chain termination (2 kt) and the oxidizability ( kp/√2 kt) were measured using 2,6-di- tert-butyl-4-methoxyphenol, 2,2,5,7,8-pentamethyl-6-chromanol, BHT, and 4-methoxyphenol as reference antioxidants. Measured values of kp (M-1 s-1)/2 kt (M-1 s-1)/oxidizability (M-1/2 s-1/2) at 303 K in chlorobenzene were 66.9/3.45 × 106/3.6 × 10-2, 68.0/7.40 × 106/2.5 × 10-2, and 0.83/2.87 × 106/4.9 × 10-4, respectively, for SSO, SQ, and p-C. Quercetin, magnolol, caffeic acid phenethyl ester, and 2,4,6-trimethylphenol were investigated to validate calibrations. The distinctive usefulness of the three substrates in testing antioxidants is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Baschieri
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician" , University of Bologna , Via S. Giacomo 11 , 40126 Bologna , Italy
| | - Romeo Pizzol
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician" , University of Bologna , Via S. Giacomo 11 , 40126 Bologna , Italy
| | - Yafang Guo
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician" , University of Bologna , Via S. Giacomo 11 , 40126 Bologna , Italy
| | - Riccardo Amorati
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician" , University of Bologna , Via S. Giacomo 11 , 40126 Bologna , Italy
| | - Luca Valgimigli
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician" , University of Bologna , Via S. Giacomo 11 , 40126 Bologna , Italy
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22
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Soloviev M, Moskalenko I, Pliss E. Quantum chemical evaluation of the role of $${{{\text{HO}}_{2}}^{ \cdot }}$$ radicals in the kinetics of the methyl linoleate oxidation in micelles. REACTION KINETICS MECHANISMS AND CATALYSIS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11144-019-01613-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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23
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Opeida IA, Sheparovych RB, Hrynda YM, Khavunko OY, Kompanets MO, Shendryk AN. Kinetics of oxidation of benzyl alcohols with molecular oxygen catalyzed by
N
‐hydroxyphthalimide: Role of hydroperoxyl radicals. INT J CHEM KINET 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.21287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- I. A. Opeida
- Department of Physical Chemistry of Fossil Fuels InPOCCNational Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Lviv Ukraine
- Vasyl’ Stus Donetsk National University Vinnytsia Ukraine
| | - R. B. Sheparovych
- Department of Physical Chemistry of Fossil Fuels InPOCCNational Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Lviv Ukraine
| | - Yu. M. Hrynda
- Department of Physical Chemistry of Fossil Fuels InPOCCNational Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Lviv Ukraine
| | - O. Yu. Khavunko
- Department of Physical Chemistry of Fossil Fuels InPOCCNational Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Lviv Ukraine
| | - M. O. Kompanets
- L. M.Litvinenko Institute of Physical Organic and Coal ChemistryNational Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Kyiv Ukraine
- National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute” Kyiv Ukraine
| | - A. N. Shendryk
- Vasyl’ Stus Donetsk National University Vinnytsia Ukraine
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24
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Harrison KA, Haidasz EA, Griesser M, Pratt DA. Inhibition of hydrocarbon autoxidation by nitroxide-catalyzed cross-dismutation of hydroperoxyl and alkylperoxyl radicals. Chem Sci 2018; 9:6068-6079. [PMID: 30079220 PMCID: PMC6053651 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc01575a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitroxides are putative intermediates in the accepted reaction mechanisms of the diarylamine and hindered amine antioxidants that are universally added to preserve synthetic and natural hydrocarbon-based materials. New methodology which enables monitoring of hydrocarbon autoxidations at low rates of radical generation has revealed that diarylnitroxides and hindered nitroxides are far better inhibitors of unsaturated hydrocarbon autoxidation than their precursor amines, implying intervention of a different mechanism. Experimental and computational investigations suggest that the nitroxides catalyze the cross-dismutation of hydroperoxyl and alkylperoxyl radicals to yield O2 and a hydroperoxide, thereby halting the autoxidation chain reaction. The hydroperoxyl radicals - key players in hydrocarbon combustion, but essentially unknown in autoxidation - are proposed to derive from a tunneling-enhanced intramolecular (1,4-) hydrogen-atom transfer/elimination sequence from oxygenated radical addition intermediates. These insights suggest that nitroxides are preferred additives for the protection of hydrocarbon-based materials from autoxidation since they exhibit catalytic activity under conditions where their precursor amines are less effective and/or inefficiently converted to nitroxides in situ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kareem A Harrison
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada K1N 6N5 .
| | - Evan A Haidasz
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada K1N 6N5 .
| | - Markus Griesser
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada K1N 6N5 .
| | - Derek A Pratt
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada K1N 6N5 .
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25
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Baschieri A, Valgimigli L, Gabbanini S, DiLabio GA, Romero-Montalvo E, Amorati R. Extremely Fast Hydrogen Atom Transfer between Nitroxides and HOO· Radicals and Implication for Catalytic Coantioxidant Systems. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:10354-10362. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b06336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Baschieri
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Via S. Giacomo 11, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Valgimigli
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Via S. Giacomo 11, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Simone Gabbanini
- R&D division, BeC s.r.l. Via C. Monteverdi 49, 47122 Forlì, Italy
| | - Gino A. DiLabio
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 3247 University Way, Kelowna, British Columbia V1V 1V7, Canada
- Faculty of Management, University of British Columbia, 1137 Alumni Avenue, Kelowna, British Columbia V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Eduardo Romero-Montalvo
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 3247 University Way, Kelowna, British Columbia V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Riccardo Amorati
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Via S. Giacomo 11, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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26
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Pliss E, Machtin V, Soloviev M, Grobov A, Pliss R, Sirik A, Rusakov A. The Role of Solvation in the Kinetics and the Mechanism of Hydroperoxide Radicals Addition to π-Bonds of 1,2-Diphenylethylene and 1,4-Diphenylbutadiene-1,3. INT J CHEM KINET 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.21169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Pliss
- P. G. Demidov Yaroslavl' State University; 150003 Sovetskaya 14 Yaroslavl Russian Federation
| | - V. Machtin
- P. G. Demidov Yaroslavl' State University; 150003 Sovetskaya 14 Yaroslavl Russian Federation
| | - M. Soloviev
- P. G. Demidov Yaroslavl' State University; 150003 Sovetskaya 14 Yaroslavl Russian Federation
| | - A. Grobov
- P. G. Demidov Yaroslavl' State University; 150003 Sovetskaya 14 Yaroslavl Russian Federation
| | - R. Pliss
- P. G. Demidov Yaroslavl' State University; 150003 Sovetskaya 14 Yaroslavl Russian Federation
| | - A. Sirik
- P. G. Demidov Yaroslavl' State University; 150003 Sovetskaya 14 Yaroslavl Russian Federation
| | - A. Rusakov
- P. G. Demidov Yaroslavl' State University; 150003 Sovetskaya 14 Yaroslavl Russian Federation
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27
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Abstract
Nanomaterials represent one of the most promising frontiers in the research for improved antioxidants. Some nanomaterials, including organic (i.e. melanin, lignin) metal oxides (i.e. cerium oxide) or metal (i.e. gold, platinum) based nanoparticles, exhibit intrinsic redox activity that is often associated with radical trapping and/or with superoxide dismutase-like and catalase-like activities. Redox inactive nanomaterials can be transformed into antioxidants by grafting low molecular weight antioxidants on them. Herein, we propose a classification of nanoantioxidants based on their mechanism of action, and we review the chemical methods used to measure antioxidant activity by providing a rationale of the chemistry behind them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Valgimigli
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via S. Giacomo 11, Bologna 40126, Italy.
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28
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Pliss E, Machtin V, Pliss R, Sirik A, Loshadkin D, Rusakov A. The effect of solvation on the reactivity of 1,1-substituted ethylenes in hydroperoxyl radical addition reactions. REACTION KINETICS MECHANISMS AND CATALYSIS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11144-017-1336-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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29
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Santschi N, Nauser T. An Experimental Radical Electrophilicity Index. Chemphyschem 2017; 18:2973-2976. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201700766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nico Santschi
- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich; Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Thomas Nauser
- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich; Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 8093 Zürich Switzerland
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30
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Pérez-González A, Alvarez-Idaboy JR, Galano A. Dual antioxidant/pro-oxidant behavior of the tryptophan metabolite 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid: a theoretical investigation of reaction mechanisms and kinetics. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6nj03980d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Potent antioxidant in the absence of metal ions, responsible for the activity usually attributed to tryptophan. Pro-oxidant in the presence of metal ions; this effect increases with the pH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan Raúl Alvarez-Idaboy
- Facultad de Química
- Departamento de Física y Química Teórica
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- México DF 04510
- Mexico
| | - Annia Galano
- Departamento de Química
- Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa
- México D. F
- Mexico
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31
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Measuring Antioxidant Activity in Bioorganic Samples by the Differential Oxygen Uptake Apparatus: Recent Advances. J CHEM-NY 2017. [DOI: 10.1155/2017/6369358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The measure of O2 consumption during the inhibited autoxidation of an easily oxidizable substrate is one of the most reliable and predictive methods to assess antioxidant activity, especially for structure-activity relationship studies, for food and industrial applications. The differential oxygen uptake apparatus described herein represents a powerful and cost-effective way to obtain antioxidant activity from inhibited autoxidation studies. These experiments provide the rate constant and the stoichiometry of the reaction between antioxidants and peroxyl radicals (ROO∙), which are involved in the propagation of radical damage. We show the operation principles and the utility of this instrumentation in the bioorganic laboratory, with regard to the recent advances in this field, ranging from the study of natural antioxidants in biomimetic system, to the use of substrates generating hydroperoxyl radicals, and to the evaluation of novel nanoantioxidants.
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