1
|
Tichotová M, Landovský T, Lang J, Jeziorowski S, Schmidts V, Kohout M, Babor M, Lhoták P, Thiele CM, Dvořáková H. Enantiodiscrimination of Inherently Chiral Thiacalixarenes by Residual Dipolar Couplings. J Org Chem 2024; 89:9711-9720. [PMID: 36655948 PMCID: PMC11267606 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Inherently chiral compounds, such as calixarenes, are chiral due to a nonplanar three-dimensional (3D) structure. Determining their conformation is essential to understand their properties, with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy being one applicable method. Using alignment media to measure residual dipolar couplings (RDCs) to obtain structural information is advantageous when classical NMR parameters like the nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) or J-couplings fail. Besides providing more accurate structural information, the alignment media can induce different orientations of enantiomers. In this study, we examined the ability of polyglutamates with different side-chain moieties─poly-γ-benzyl-l-glutamate (PBLG) and poly-γ-p-biphenylmethyl-l-glutamate (PBPMLG) ─to enantiodifferentiate the inherently chiral phenoxathiin-based thiacalix[4]arenes. Both media, in combination with two solvents, allowed for enantiodiscrimination, which was, to the best of our knowledge, proved for the first time on inherently chiral compounds. Moreover, using the experimental RDCs, we investigated the calix[4]arenes conformational preferences in solution, quantitatively analyzed the differences in the alignment of the enantiomers, and discussed the pitfalls of the use of the RDC analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Markéta Tichotová
- Laboratory
of NMR Spectroscopy, University of Chemistry
and Technology Prague (UCTP), Technická 5, 166 28Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Department
of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 128 00Prague 2, Czech Republic
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech
Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo náměstí 542, 160 00Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Landovský
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, University of Chemistry
and Technology Prague (UCTP), Technická 5, 166 28Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Lang
- Faculty
of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 3, 121 16Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Sharon Jeziorowski
- Department
of Chemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 16, 64287Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Volker Schmidts
- Department
of Chemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 16, 64287Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Michal Kohout
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, University of Chemistry
and Technology Prague (UCTP), Technická 5, 166 28Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Babor
- Department
of Solid State Chemistry, University of
Chemistry and Technology Prague (UCTP), Technická 5, 166 28Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Lhoták
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, University of Chemistry
and Technology Prague (UCTP), Technická 5, 166 28Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Christina M. Thiele
- Department
of Chemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 16, 64287Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Hana Dvořáková
- Laboratory
of NMR Spectroscopy, University of Chemistry
and Technology Prague (UCTP), Technická 5, 166 28Prague 6, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gu G, Zhao C, Zhang W, Weng J, Xu Z, Wu J, Xie Y, He X, Zhao Y. Chiral Discrimination of Acyclic Secondary Amines by 19F NMR. Anal Chem 2024; 96:730-736. [PMID: 38170838 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c03846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Chiral aliphatic amine compounds exhibit a range of physiological activities, making them highly sought-after in the pharmaceutical industry and biological research. One notable obstacle in studying these compounds stems from the pronounced steric hindrance surrounding the nitrogen atom. This characteristic often leads to a weak affinity of acyclic secondary amines for molecular probes, making their chiral discrimination intricate. In response to this challenge, our research has unveiled a novel 19F-labeled probe adept at recognizing and distinguishing between enantiomers of these acyclic secondary amines. By strategically incorporating a single fluorine atom as the 19F label, we have managed to diminish the steric hindrance at the binding site. This alteration bolsters the probe's affinity toward bulkier analytes. As a testament to its effectiveness, we have successfully employed our probe in the chiral analysis of relevant pharmaceuticals, accurately determining their enantiocomposition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangxing Gu
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chong Zhao
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Molecule Intelligent Syntheses, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jiajin Weng
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhenchuang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yingbo Xie
- Shanghai Titan Scientific Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 89 Shilong Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiao He
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Molecule Intelligent Syntheses, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Yanchuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gu G, Xu Z, Wen L, Liang J, Wang C, Wan X, Zhao Y. Chirality Sensing of N-Heterocycles via 19F NMR. JACS AU 2023; 3:1348-1357. [PMID: 37234104 PMCID: PMC10206601 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Methods to rapidly detect and differentiate chiral N-heterocyclic compounds become increasingly important owing to the widespread application of N-heterocycles in drug discovery and materials science. We herein report a 19F NMR-based chemosensing approach for the prompt enantioanalysis of various N-heterocycles, where the dynamic binding between the analytes and a chiral 19F-labeled palladium probe create characteristic 19F NMR signals assignable to each enantiomer. The open binding site of the probe allows the effective recognition of bulky analytes that are otherwise difficult to detect. The chirality center distal to the binding site is found sufficient for the probe to discriminate the stereoconfiguration of the analyte. The utility of the method in the screening of reaction conditions for the asymmetric synthesis of lansoprazole is demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangxing Gu
- Key
Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic
Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhenchuang Xu
- Key
Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic
Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lixian Wen
- Key
Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic
Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jinhua Liang
- Key
Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic
Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chenyang Wang
- Key
Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic
Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaolong Wan
- Shanghai
Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yanchuan Zhao
- Key
Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic
Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- Key
Laboratory of Energy Regulation Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic
Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liang J, Xu Z, Wu J, Zhao Y. Tailoring the Recognition Property of a 19F-Labeled Gallium-Based NMR Probe: The Influence of the Metal Center. Anal Chem 2023; 95:7569-7574. [PMID: 37129497 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Chirality is a fundamental property of nature and an essential element of the life process. As the biological activities, metabolic pathways, and toxicity of individual enantiomers are often varied, methods to rapidly and accurately discriminate chiral analytes are in great demand. Here, we report a 19F-labeled gallium-based probe for the enantiodifferentiation of chiral monoamines, diamines, amino alcohols, amino acids, and N-heterocycles. A comparison between the new gallium-based probe and the previously developed aluminum aminotrisphenolate complex was performed. It was revealed that the gallium metal center displays a much stronger affinity toward the amino group compared to the hydroxy group, thereby producing simplified 19F NMR signals for analytes with multiple Lewis basic sites. For sterically bulky analyte, the replacement of the aluminum with gallium is envisioned to expand the binding pocket of the probe to allow different binding models to interconvert rapidly. This feature is important to the creation of easily interpretable 19F signals corresponding to each enantiomer. It is further demonstrated that the gallium-based probe is suitable for the assessment of the enantiomeric excess values of the crude products obtained in asymmetric reactions without the need for purification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Liang
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Zhenchuang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yanchuan Zhao
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Energy Regulation Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gouilleux B, Moussallieh FM, Lesot P. Anisotropic 1 H STD-NMR Spectroscopy: Exploration of Enantiomer-Polypeptide Interactions in Chiral Oriented Environments. Chemphyschem 2023; 24:e202200508. [PMID: 36196851 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We explore and report for the first time the use of 1 H saturation transfer difference NMR experiments (STD-NMR) in weakly aligning chiral anisotropic media to identify the hydrogen sites of enantiomers of small chiral molecules interacting with the side-chain of poly-γ-benzyl-l-glutamate (PBLG), a helically chiral polypeptide polymer. The first experimental results obtained on three model mono-stereogenic compounds outcomes are highly promising and demonstrate the possibility to track down possible differences of spatial position of enantiomers at the vicinity of the polymer side-chain. Anisotropic STD experiments appear to be well suited for rapid screening of chiral analytes that bind favorably to orienting polymeric systems, while providing new insights into the mechanism of enantio-discrimination without resorting to the time-consuming determination of molecular order parameters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boris Gouilleux
- Université Paris-Saclay, UFR d'Orsay, RMN en Milieu Orienté, ICMMO, UMR CNRS 8182, Bât. 410, 15, rue du Doyen Georges Poitou, 91405, Orsay cedex, France
| | - Francois-Marie Moussallieh
- Université Paris-Saclay, UFR d'Orsay, RMN en Milieu Orienté, ICMMO, UMR CNRS 8182, Bât. 410, 15, rue du Doyen Georges Poitou, 91405, Orsay cedex, France
| | - Philippe Lesot
- Université Paris-Saclay, UFR d'Orsay, RMN en Milieu Orienté, ICMMO, UMR CNRS 8182, Bât. 410, 15, rue du Doyen Georges Poitou, 91405, Orsay cedex, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 3, rue Michel Ange, 75016, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yu G, Wang G, Duan M, Jiang B, Zhang X, Li C, He L, Liu M. Self-Assembled Oligopeptide (FK) 4 as a Chiral Alignment Medium for the Anisotropic NMR Analysis of Organic Compounds. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:29223-29229. [PMID: 35712808 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c05506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Anisotropic NMR parameters have been proven to be powerful for the structural elucidation of organic molecules. Herein, we present an alignment medium based on the self-assembled (FK)4 oligopeptide, showing excellent properties in measurements of anisotropic NMR parameters in both D2O and CD3OD. The preparation of the (FK)4-based alignment medium is simple and rapid. The low viscosity of the anisotropic phase makes it easy to be transferred to the NMR tube. The alignment of the oligopeptide is fast, stable, and homogeneous, with weak background signals, permitting the acquirement of high-quality NMR spectra. The performance of this alignment medium in residual dipolar coupling measurements and diastereomer discriminations is demonstrated by analyzing several different analytes. The enantiodiscrimination property of the (FK)4 oligopeptide is revealed by the difference of residual chemical shift anisotropy of the two enantiomers in the 1D 13C spectrum, granting its potential use for the quantification and identification of enantiomers of small molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gangjin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mojie Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Conggang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lichun He
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Maili Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Optics Valley Laboratory, Hubei 430074, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Schirra DS, Jeziorowski S, Lehmann M, Thiele CM. Thermoreversible Gelation of Homopolyglutamates PBPMLG, PBPELG, and PBPHLG: Another Step toward de Novo RDC-Based Structure Elucidation. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dominic S. Schirra
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Sharon Jeziorowski
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Matthias Lehmann
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christina M. Thiele
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li GW, Wang XJ, Lei X, Liu N, Wu ZQ. Self-assembly of Helical Polymers and Oligomers to Create Liquid Crystalline Alignment for Anisotropic NMR Parameters. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2100898. [PMID: 35076973 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The measurement of anisotropic residual dipolar couplings (RDCs) parameters for the structure elucidation of organic molecules relies on suitable alignment media. Employment of self-assembled liquid crystalline systems to create anisotropic alignment can be an effective way to realize aligned samples and acquire RDCs. This Mini-review highlights the recent advances on amino acid-based helical polymers and supramolecular oligomers forming rigid, rod-like structures that aggregate into ordered liquid crystalline phases, including amino acid-based helical polyisocyanides, polyacetylenes, polypeptides, and oligopeptides assembled alignment media. The methodology for the determination of anisotropic liquid crystals was briefly discussed, and a summary of recent research progress in the enantiodifferentiation of helical polymers aligned media was followed. In addition, the self-assembled mechanism of oligopeptides and their RDCs structural analysis were also described. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gao-Wei Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Henan Engineering Laboratory of Green Synthesis for Pharmaceuticals, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, Henan Province, 476000, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Henan Engineering Laboratory of Green Synthesis for Pharmaceuticals, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, Henan Province, 476000, China
| | - Xinxiang Lei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Anhui Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials and Devices, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230009, China
| | - Zong-Quan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130012, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Li H, Xu Z, Zhang S, Jia Y, Zhao Y. Construction of Lewis Pairs for Optimal Enantioresolution via Recognition-Enabled “Chromatographic” 19F NMR Spectroscopy. Anal Chem 2022; 94:2023-2031. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c03783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Li
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhenchuang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Siquan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yushu Jia
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yanchuan Zhao
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Energy Regulation Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Aroulanda C, Lesot P. Molecular enantiodiscrimination by NMR spectroscopy in chiral oriented systems: Concept, tools, and applications. Chirality 2021; 34:182-244. [PMID: 34936130 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The study of enantiodiscriminations in relation to various facets of enantiomorphism (chirality/prochirality) and/or molecular symmetry is an exciting area of modern organic chemistry and an ongoing challenge for nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopists who have developed many useful analytical approaches to solve stereochemical problems. Among them, the anisotropic NMR using chiral aligning solvents has provided a set of new and original tools by making accessible all intramolecular, order-dependent NMR interactions (anisotropic interactions), such as residual chemical shift anisotropy (RCSA), residual dipolar coupling (RDC), and residual quadrupolar coupling (RQC) for spin I > 1/2, while preserving high spectral resolution. The force of NMR in enantiopure, oriented solvents lies on its ability to orient differently in average on the NMR timescale enantiomers of chiral molecules and enantiotopic elements of prochiral ones, leading distinct NMR spectra or signals to be detected. In this compendium mainly written for all chemists playing with (pro)chirality, we overview various key aspects of NMR in weakly aligning chiral solvents as the lyotropic liquid crystals (LLCs), in particular those developed in France to study (pro)chiral compounds in relation with chemists needs: study of enantiopurity of mixture, stereochemistry, natural isotopic fractionation, as well as molecular conformation and configuration. Key representative examples covering the diversity of enantiomorphism concept, and the main and most recent applications illustrating the analytical potential of this NMR in polypeptide-based chiral liquid crystals (CLCs) are examined. The latest analytical strategy developed to determine in-solution conformational distribution of flexibles solutes using NMR in polypeptide-based aligned solvents is also proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christie Aroulanda
- RMN en Milieu Orienté, ICMMO, UMR CNRS 8182, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay cedex, France
| | - Philippe Lesot
- RMN en Milieu Orienté, ICMMO, UMR CNRS 8182, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay cedex, France
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Alcaraz Janßen M, Thiele CM. Poly-γ-S-perillyl-l-glutamate and Poly-γ-S-perillyl-d-glutamate: Diastereomeric Alignment Media Used for the Investigation of the Alignment Process. Chemistry 2020; 26:7831-7839. [PMID: 32134524 PMCID: PMC7384199 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Residual dipolar couplings (RDCs) offer additional information for structure elucidation by NMR spectroscopy. They are measured in anisotropic media, such as lyotropic liquid crystalline phases of polypeptides. Today, some suitable polypeptides are known. Nevertheless, structural influences of these polypeptides on the alignment properties are not really understood. Thus, which influence a chiral side chain has on enantiodiscrimination and whether we can improve the enantiodifferentiation significantly by adding an additional chiral center in the side chain are questions of interest. Therefore, new diastereomeric polypeptide-based alignment media with an additional chiral center in the side chain derived from perillyl alcohol were synthesized and their properties were investigated (secondary structure, liquid crystallinity, etc.). The enantiomers of isopinocampheol and β-pinene were used as model analytes for the study of enantiodiscrimination. Additionally, the usage of 1 H-1 H-RDCs to improve the alignment tensor quality is demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Alcaraz Janßen
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institut für Organische Chemie und BiochemieTechnical University of DarmstadtAlarich-Weiss-Str. 1664287DarmstadtGermany
| | - Christina M. Thiele
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institut für Organische Chemie und BiochemieTechnical University of DarmstadtAlarich-Weiss-Str. 1664287DarmstadtGermany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lesot P, Aroulanda C, Berdagué P, Meddour A, Merlet D, Farjon J, Giraud N, Lafon O. Multinuclear NMR in polypeptide liquid crystals: Three fertile decades of methodological developments and analytical challenges. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 116:85-154. [PMID: 32130960 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
NMR spectroscopy of oriented samples makes accessible residual anisotropic intramolecular NMR interactions, such as chemical shift anisotropy (RCSA), dipolar coupling (RDC), and quadrupolar coupling (RQC), while preserving high spectral resolution. In addition, in a chiral aligned environment, enantiomers of chiral molecules or enantiopic elements of prochiral compounds adopt different average orientations on the NMR timescale, and hence produce distinct NMR spectra or signals. NMR spectroscopy in chiral aligned media is a powerful analytical tool, and notably provides unique information on (pro)chirality analysis, natural isotopic fractionation, stereochemistry, as well as molecular conformation and configuration. Significant progress has been made in this area over the three last decades, particularly using polypeptide-based chiral liquid crystals (CLCs) made of organic solutions of helically chiral polymers (as PBLG) in organic solvents. This review presents an overview of NMR in polymeric LCs. In particular, we describe the theoretical tools and the major NMR methods that have been developed and applied to study (pro)chiral molecules dissolved in such oriented solvents. We also discuss the representative applications illustrating the analytical potential of this original NMR tool. This overview article is dedicated to thirty years of original contributions to the development of NMR spectroscopy in polypeptide-based chiral liquid crystals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Lesot
- Université Paris Sud/Université Paris-Saclay, UMR CNRS 8182, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, ICMMO, Equipe RMN en Milieu Orienté, Bât. 410, 15 rue du Doyen Georges Poitou, F-91405 Orsay cedex, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), France.
| | - Christie Aroulanda
- Université Paris Sud/Université Paris-Saclay, UMR CNRS 8182, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, ICMMO, Equipe RMN en Milieu Orienté, Bât. 410, 15 rue du Doyen Georges Poitou, F-91405 Orsay cedex, France
| | - Philippe Berdagué
- Université Paris Sud/Université Paris-Saclay, UMR CNRS 8182, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, ICMMO, Equipe RMN en Milieu Orienté, Bât. 410, 15 rue du Doyen Georges Poitou, F-91405 Orsay cedex, France
| | - Abdelkrim Meddour
- Université Paris Sud/Université Paris-Saclay, UMR CNRS 8182, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, ICMMO, Equipe RMN en Milieu Orienté, Bât. 410, 15 rue du Doyen Georges Poitou, F-91405 Orsay cedex, France
| | - Denis Merlet
- Université Paris Sud/Université Paris-Saclay, UMR CNRS 8182, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, ICMMO, Equipe RMN en Milieu Orienté, Bât. 410, 15 rue du Doyen Georges Poitou, F-91405 Orsay cedex, France
| | - Jonathan Farjon
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), France; Faculté des Sciences et Techniques de Nantes, UMR CNRS 6230, Chimie et Interdisciplinarité, Synthèse, Analyse, Modélisation, CEISAM, Equipe EBSI, BP 92208, 2 rue de la Houssinière, F-44322 Nantes cedex 3, France
| | - Nicolas Giraud
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR CNRS 8601, Laboratory of Pharmacological and Toxicological Chemistry and Biochemistry, LPTCB, 45 rue des Saints Pères, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Olivier Lafon
- Universite de Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, ENSCL, Univ. Artois, UMR CNRS 8181, Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, UCCS, F-59000 Lille, France; Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), France
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ma ZK, Han XY, Liu H, Ji JC, Qin SY, Li XD, Lei X. Lyotropic liquid crystal to measure residual dipolar couplings in dimethyl sulfoxide based on modified cellulose nanocrystals. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj06031f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel lyotropic liquid crystal was developed for the measurement of RDCs of organic molecules with no background signals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zong-Kai Ma
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science
- South-Central University for Nationalities
- Wuhan 430074
- P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Yang Han
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- South-Central University for Nationalities
- Wuhan
- P. R. China
| | - Han Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- South-Central University for Nationalities
- Wuhan
- P. R. China
| | - Jia-Cheng Ji
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- South-Central University for Nationalities
- Wuhan
- P. R. China
| | - Si-Yong Qin
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science
- South-Central University for Nationalities
- Wuhan 430074
- P. R. China
| | - Xiang-Dan Li
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science
- South-Central University for Nationalities
- Wuhan 430074
- P. R. China
| | - Xinxiang Lei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- South-Central University for Nationalities
- Wuhan
- P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Knoll K, Leyendecker M, Thiele CM. l
‐Valine Derivatised 1,3,5‐Benzene‐Tricarboxamides as Building Blocks for a New Supramolecular Organogel‐Like Alignment Medium. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201801306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Knoll
- Technische Universität Darmstadt Clemens‐Schöpf Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie Alarich‐Weiss‐Str. 4 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Martin Leyendecker
- Technische Universität Darmstadt Clemens‐Schöpf Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie Alarich‐Weiss‐Str. 4 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Christina M. Thiele
- Technische Universität Darmstadt Clemens‐Schöpf Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie Alarich‐Weiss‐Str. 4 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lesot P, Berdagué P, Meddour A, Kreiter A, Noll M, Reggelin M. 2 H and 13 C NMR-Based Enantiodetection Using Polyacetylene versus Polypeptide Aligning Media: Versatile and Complementary Tools for Chemists. Chempluschem 2019; 84:144-153. [PMID: 31950698 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201800493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the practical/analytical potential of an L-valine-derived polyacetylene (PLA) lyotropic liquid crystal (LLC) is examined to spectrally discriminate enantiomers (racemic mixture) or enantiotopic directions of a large collection (23) of (pro)chiral model compounds (from rigid to flexible and polar to apolar ones), thus covering various important aspects of enantiomorphism. Experimental 2 H-{1 H} (deuterated analytes and at natural abundance level) and 13 C-{1 H} NMR results are discussed in terms of the difference of 2 H-RQCs or 13 C-RCSAs and compared to those obtained in polypeptide-type LLCs (PBLG). The analysis of the NMR results provides an overview of the enantiodifferentiation capabilities of PLA and gives useful/practical hints for the chemist to select the most appropriate chiral oriented system. Astonishing NAD NMR results were obtained in the case of one of the simplest, chiral alkanes, 3-methylhexane. From a theoretical viewpoint, the data collected highlight the key molecular factors involved in orientation/discrimination processes, as a basis for optimizing computational prediction (molecular dynamics simulation), as well as designing novel helically chiral polymers as new enantiodiscriminating aligning media. In addition, a new, robust and efficient protocol to synthesize PLA and its enantiomer (PDA) on a large scale and with small polydispersities is proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Lesot
- RMN en Milieu Orienté, ICMMO, UMR CNRS 8182, Université Paris-Sud/Université Paris-Saclay, Bât. 410, 91405, Orsay cedex, France
| | - Philippe Berdagué
- RMN en Milieu Orienté, ICMMO, UMR CNRS 8182, Université Paris-Sud/Université Paris-Saclay, Bât. 410, 91405, Orsay cedex, France
| | - Abdelkrim Meddour
- RMN en Milieu Orienté, ICMMO, UMR CNRS 8182, Université Paris-Sud/Université Paris-Saclay, Bât. 410, 91405, Orsay cedex, France
| | - Alexander Kreiter
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Markus Noll
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Michael Reggelin
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Niklas T, Schulze P, Farès C. Cromolyn/gelatin mixtures as aqueous alignment media and utilization of their mechanical stability for a layering technique. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2018; 56:1176-1182. [PMID: 30091791 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, aqueous blends of cromolyn and gelatin ("cromogels") are introduced as anisotropic media. The addition of gelatin enables an advantageous adjustability of the strength, the homogeneity, and the stability of the cromolyn alignment. The mechanical stability of these polymer-dispersed liquid crystals is further utilized by stacking layers of D2 O/cromolyn/gelatin with varying component ratio. The resulting distinct phases with correspondingly different degrees of alignment can be targeted by spatially resolved NMR techniques. As a case study, we investigated sucrose in a two-phase system with neat D2 O and analyte layered over the anisotropic medium. A recently presented spatially selective coupled-type HSQC experiment allows the determination of one-bond C-H splitting in both phases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Niklas
- Chromatography Department, Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
- NMR Department, Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Philipp Schulze
- Chromatography Department, Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Christophe Farès
- NMR Department, Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Jeziorowski S, Thiele CM. Poly‐γ‐
p
‐Biphenylmethyl‐Glutamate as Enantiodifferentiating Alignment Medium for NMR Spectroscopy with Temperature‐Tunable Properties. Chemistry 2018; 24:15631-15637. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Jeziorowski
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie Technische Universität Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Str. 4 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Christina M. Thiele
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie Technische Universität Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Str. 4 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Schwab M, Schmidts V, Thiele CM. Thermoresponsive Alignment Media in NMR Spectroscopy: Helix Reversal of a Copolyaspartate at Ambient Temperatures. Chemistry 2018; 24:14373-14377. [PMID: 29999196 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201803540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Poly(aspartic acid esters) are known to form either right-or left-handed α-helices depending on the ester group in the side chain, on solvent and/or on temperature. Polyphenethyl-l-aspartates (PPLA) exhibit a helix reversal from the right- to the left-handed form with increasing temperature. We have recently reported the application of polyphenethylaspartates as helically chiral alignment media. The thermoresponsivity observed for these polymers offers the possibility to measure different orientations of analytes before and after helix reversal of the alignment medium at 373 K. Herein we present a synthesized copolymer of phenethyl- and benzylaspartate as a new alignment medium undergoing this helix reversal at 303-313 K. Thus, the measurement of residual dipolar couplings (RDC) before and after the helix reversal is allowed for at ambient temperatures. A complete sign change of all 1 H-13 C RDCs was observed, which is close to the highest possible difference in NMR spectra.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mira Schwab
- Clemens-Schöpf Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Volker Schmidts
- Clemens-Schöpf Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Christina M Thiele
- Clemens-Schöpf Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Li GW, Liu H, Qiu F, Wang XJ, Lei XX. Residual Dipolar Couplings in Structure Determination of Natural Products. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2018; 8:279-295. [PMID: 29943349 PMCID: PMC6102172 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-018-0174-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The determination of natural products stereochemistry remains a formidable task. Residual dipolar couplings (RDCs) induced by anisotropic media are a powerful tool for determination of the stereochemistry of organic molecule in solution. This review will provide a short introduction on RDCs-based methodology for the structural elucidation of natural products. Special attention is given to the current availability of alignment media in organic solvents. The applications of RDCs for structural analysis of some examples of natural products were discussed and summarized. This review provides a short introduction on RDCs-based methodology for the structural elucidation of natural products. Special attention is given to the current availability of alignment media in organic solvents. The applications of RDCs for structural analysis of some examples of natural products were discussed and summarized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gao-Wei Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, 476000, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Qiu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Juan Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, 476000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Xiang Lei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
Abstract
Effects of interfaces on hydrogen-bonded liquids play major roles in nature and technology. Despite their importance, a fundamental understanding of these effects is still lacking. In large parts, this shortcoming is due to the high complexity of these systems, leading to an interference of various interactions and effects. Therefore, it is advisable to take gradual approaches, which start from well designed and defined model systems and systematically increase the level of intricacy towards more complex mimetics. Moreover, it is necessary to combine insights from a multitude of methods, in particular, to link novel preparation strategies and comprehensive experimental characterization with inventive computational and theoretical modeling. Such concerted approach was taken by a group of preparative, experimentally, and theoretically working scientists in the framework of Research Unit FOR 1583 funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation). This special issue summarizes the outcome of this collaborative research. In this introductory article, we give an overview of the covered topics and the main results of the whole consortium. The following contributions are review articles or original works of individual research projects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerd Buntkowsky
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie , Technische Universität Darmstadt , 64287 Darmstadt , Germany
| | - Michael Vogel
- Institut für Festkörperphysik , Technische Universität Darmstadt , 64295 Darmstadt , Germany
| | - Roland Winter
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie , Technische Universität Dortmund , 44227 Dortmund , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Niklas T, Steinmetzger C, Rüttger F, Stalke D, John M. Distinct alignment of benzene derivatives in stretched polystyrene and polybutylacrylate gels: Specific polymer-solute interactions. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2017; 55:1084-1090. [PMID: 28736823 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We have measured the alignment of a range of benzene derivatives in cross-linked polystyrene and poly(butyl acrylate) using a small number of residual dipolar couplings and simple geometric considerations. For apolar solutes in polystyrene and protic solutes in poly(butyl acrylate), the preferred molecular orientation does not coincide with the longest molecular axis (steric aligment). This behavior may be explained by specific π-π and hydrogen bonding interactions between solute and polymer, respectively, the latter being confirmed by molecular dynamics simulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Niklas
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - C Steinmetzger
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - F Rüttger
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - D Stalke
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - M John
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Schwab M, Herold D, Thiele CM. Polyaspartates as Thermoresponsive Enantiodifferentiating Helically Chiral Alignment Media for Anisotropic NMR Spectroscopy. Chemistry 2017; 23:14576-14584. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201702884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mira Schwab
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie; Technische Universität Darmstadt; Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Dominik Herold
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie; Technische Universität Darmstadt; Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Christina M. Thiele
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie; Technische Universität Darmstadt; Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| |
Collapse
|