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Camargo B, Zajcewa I, Pietrzak A, Obijalska E, Szczytko J, Kaszyński P. Thermally induced dimensionality changes in derivatives of a "super stable" Blatter radical. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:22813-22818. [PMID: 37584108 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp01298k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Two derivatives of a "super stable" Blatter radical (1,3-diphenyl-7-trifluoromethyl-1,4-dihydrobenzo[e][1,2,4]triazin-4-yl) with N(1)-Ar = 2-CF3C6H4 and 2-MeOC6H4 were obtained and investigated using XRD and SQUID magnetometry methods. The investigation revealed strong antiferromagnetic interactions in both radicals, which are described using the Hatfield model. For the latter radical, an abrupt and reversible change in the χ(T) plot was observed at 29 K. It was ascribed to a structural transition, consistent with a two-dimensional to one-dimensional thermally activated crossover, as supported by specific heat measurements (CvHvs. T). It is suggested that the transition is related to an order-disorder transition of the CF3 group, which is corroborated using XRD structural analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Camargo
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Irina Zajcewa
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02668 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Pietrzak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Łódź University of Technology, 90-924 Łódź, Poland
| | | | - Jacek Szczytko
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Kaszyński
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Łódź, 91-403 Łódź, Poland
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, 90-363 Łódź, Poland
- Department of Chemistry, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, 37130, USA.
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Stekovic D, Bag P, Shankhari P, Fokwa BPT, Itkis ME. Effect of Substitution on the Hysteretic Phase Transition in a Bistable Phenalenyl-Based Neutral Radical Molecular Conductor. Chemistry 2019; 25:4166-4174. [PMID: 30588670 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201805816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The ability to tune the physical properties of bistable organic functional materials by means of chemistry can facilitate their development for molecular electronic switching components. The butylamine-containing biphenalenyl boron neutral radical, [Bu]2 B, crystalline compound has recently attracted significant attention by displaying a hysteretic phase transition accompanied by simultaneous bistability in magnetic, electrical, and optical properties close to room temperature. In this report, substitutional doping was applied to [Bu]2 B by crystallizing solid solutions of bistable [Bu]2 B and its non-radical-containing counterpart [Bu]2 Be. With increasing doping degree, the hysteretic phase transition is gradually suppressed in terms of reducing the height, but conserves the width of the hysteresis loop as observed through magnetic susceptibility and electrical conductivity measurements. At the critical doping level of about 6 %, the abrupt transformation of the crystal structure to that of the pure [Bu]2 Be crystal packing was observed, accompanied by a complete collapse of the hysteresis loop. Further study of the structure-properties relationships of bistable neutral radical conductors based on the [Bu]2 B host can be conducted utilizing a variety of biphenalenyl-based molecular conductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejan Stekovic
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA.,Center for Nanoscale Science and Engineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Pradip Bag
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA.,Center for Nanoscale Science and Engineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Pritam Shankhari
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Boniface P T Fokwa
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA.,Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Mikhail E Itkis
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA.,Center for Nanoscale Science and Engineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA.,Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
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Stekovic D, Itkis ME. Phenalenyl based neutral radical as a novel electrochromic material modulating visible to short-wave infrared light. RSC Adv 2018; 8:42068-42072. [PMID: 35558773 PMCID: PMC9092086 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra09804b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Applications for energy saving smart windows require materials which can switch from transmissive to black states in both the visible and short-wave IR range. We introduce an electrochromic phenalenyl based neutral radical small molecule and design devices capable of modulating light in both of these ranges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejan Stekovic
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Riverside California 92521 USA .,Center for Nanoscale Science and Engineering, University of California Riverside California 92521 USA
| | - Mikhail E Itkis
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Riverside California 92521 USA .,Center for Nanoscale Science and Engineering, University of California Riverside California 92521 USA.,Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California Riverside California 92521 USA
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Vela S, Paulsen H. Cooperativity in Spin Crossover Systems. An Atomistic Perspective on the Devil's Staircase. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:9478-9488. [PMID: 30040398 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b01463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cooperativity is key in defining the shape (i.e., gradual, abrupt, or hysteretic) of thermally driven spin transitions in magnetic switches. Despite its importance, there is very little information on its atomistic origin, which hinders the rational design of materials displaying a bistability region (i.e., hysteresis). In this paper, we investigate the spin transition of two solvatomorphs of [Fe(2-pic)3]Cl2, an Fe(II)-complex displaying thermal spin crossover (SCO) from a low-spin (LS) to a high-spin (HS) state with either gradual or abrupt two-step character. To do it, we apply a novel computational protocol to study the cooperativity of SCO compounds from DFT calculations, which does not rely on a priori assumptions on the studied system. The distinct shape of the spin transition is successfully captured, and the atomistic origin of cooperativity is traced back to geometrical distortions of the Fe-N6 core in case of the solvatomorph exhibiting an abrupt transition. According to our calculations, HS and LS molecules contribute differently to cooperativity, which results in a complex energetic evolution of the spin transition that cannot be described by the common Slichter-Drickamer model. The present work opens new avenues for the study of cooperativity of SCO systems having a chemically oriented perspective and demonstrates that quantum chemistry calculations can discriminate the shape of a spin transition, while providing insight into the atomistic underlying factors that contribute to its cooperative behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergi Vela
- Laboratoire de Chimie Quantique, UMR 7111 , CNRS-Université de Strasbourg , 4 rue Blaise Pascal , F-67000 Strasbourg , France
| | - Hauke Paulsen
- Institut für Physik , Universität zu Lübeck , Ratzeburger Allee 160 , D-23562 Lübeck , Germany
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Morita Y, Murata T, Ueda A, Yamada C, Kanzaki Y, Shiomi D, Sato K, Takui T. Trioxotriangulene: Air- and Thermally Stable Organic Carbon-Centered Neutral π-Radical without Steric Protection. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2018. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20180074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Morita
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Aichi Institute of Technology, Toyota, Aichi 470-0392, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Murata
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Aichi Institute of Technology, Toyota, Aichi 470-0392, Japan
| | - Akira Ueda
- The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - Chiaki Yamada
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Yuki Kanzaki
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Materials Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Daisuke Shiomi
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Materials Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Kazunobu Sato
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Materials Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Takeji Takui
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Materials Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
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Bates D, Robertson CM, Leitch AA, Dube PA, Oakley RT. Magnetic Bistability in Naphtho-1,3,2-dithiazolyl: Solid State Interconversion of a Thiazyl π-Radical and Its N–N σ-Bonded Dimer. J Am Chem Soc 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b13699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Demetris Bates
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Craig M. Robertson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Alicea A. Leitch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Paul A. Dube
- Brockhouse Institute for Materials Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Richard T. Oakley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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