1
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Zhao F, Frandsen M, Capodaglio S, Sleiman HF. DNA-Mediated Peptide Assembly into Protein Mimics. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:1946-1956. [PMID: 38226787 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c08984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
The design of new protein structures is challenging due to their vast sequence space and the complexity of protein folding. Here, we report a new modular DNA-templated strategy to construct protein mimics. We achieve the spatial control of multiple peptide units by conjugation with DNA and hybridization to a branched DNA trimer template followed by covalent stapling of the preorganized peptides into a single unit. A library of protein mimics with different lengths, sequences, and heptad registers has been efficiently constructed. DNA-templated protein mimics show an α-helix or coiled-coil motif formation even when they are constructed from weakly interacting peptide units. Their attached DNA handles can be used to exert dynamic control over the protein mimics' secondary and tertiary structures. This modular strategy will facilitate the development of DNA-encoded protein libraries for the rapid discovery of new therapeutics, enzymes, and antibody mimics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangzhou Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal, QC H3A0B8, Canada
| | - Martin Frandsen
- Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, Aarhus C, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Sabrina Capodaglio
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, Parma I-43124, Italy
| | - Hanadi F Sleiman
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal, QC H3A0B8, Canada
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2
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Fàbrega C, Aviñó A, Navarro N, Jorge AF, Grijalvo S, Eritja R. Lipid and Peptide-Oligonucleotide Conjugates for Therapeutic Purposes: From Simple Hybrids to Complex Multifunctional Assemblies. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020320. [PMID: 36839642 PMCID: PMC9959333 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Antisense and small interfering RNA (siRNA) oligonucleotides have been recognized as powerful therapeutic compounds for targeting mRNAs and inducing their degradation. However, a major obstacle is that unmodified oligonucleotides are not readily taken up into tissues and are susceptible to degradation by nucleases. For these reasons, the design and preparation of modified DNA/RNA derivatives with better stability and an ability to be produced at large scale with enhanced uptake properties is of vital importance to improve current limitations. In the present study, we review the conjugation of oligonucleotides with lipids and peptides in order to produce oligonucleotide conjugates for therapeutics aiming to develop novel compounds with favorable pharmacokinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carme Fàbrega
- Nucleic Acids Chemistry Group, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
- Networking Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Aviñó
- Nucleic Acids Chemistry Group, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
- Networking Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natalia Navarro
- Nucleic Acids Chemistry Group, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
- Networking Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andreia F. Jorge
- Department of Chemistry, Coimbra Chemistry Centre (CQC), University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Santiago Grijalvo
- Networking Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
- Colloidal and Interfacial Chemistry Group, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Eritja
- Nucleic Acids Chemistry Group, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
- Networking Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-934006145
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3
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Properties of Parallel Tetramolecular G-Quadruplex Carrying N-Acetylgalactosamine as Potential Enhancer for Oligonucleotide Delivery to Hepatocytes. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27123944. [PMID: 35745067 PMCID: PMC9228010 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The development of oligonucleotide conjugates for in vivo targeting is one of the most exciting areas for oligonucleotide therapeutics. A major breakthrough in this field was the development of multifunctional GalNAc-oligonucleotides with high affinity to asialoglycoprotein receptors (ASGPR) that directed therapeutic oligonucleotides to hepatocytes. In the present study, we explore the use of G-rich sequences functionalized with one unit of GalNAc at the 3'-end for the formation of tetrameric GalNAc nanostructures upon formation of a parallel G-quadruplex. These compounds are expected to facilitate the synthetic protocols by providing the multifunctionality needed for the binding to ASGPR. To this end, several G-rich oligonucleotides carrying a TGGGGGGT sequence at the 3'-end functionalized with one molecule of N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) were synthesized together with appropriate control sequences. The formation of a self-assembled parallel G-quadruplex was confirmed through various biophysical techniques such as circular dichroism, nuclear magnetic resonance, polyacrylamide electrophoresis and denaturation curves. Binding experiments to ASGPR show that the size and the relative position of the therapeutic cargo are critical for the binding of these nanostructures. The biological properties of the resulting parallel G-quadruplex were evaluated demonstrating the absence of the toxicity in cell lines. The internalization preferences of GalNAc-quadruplexes to hepatic cells were also demonstrated as well as the enhancement of the luciferase inhibition using the luciferase assay in HepG2 cell lines versus HeLa cells. All together, we demonstrate that tetramerization of G-rich oligonucleotide is a novel and simple route to obtain the beneficial effects of multivalent N-acetylgalactosamine functionalization.
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4
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Müggenburg F, Müller S. Azide-modified Nucleosides as Versatile Tools for Bioorthogonal Labeling and Functionalization. CHEM REC 2022; 22:e202100322. [PMID: 35189013 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Azide-modified nucleosides are important building blocks for RNA and DNA functionalization by click chemistry based on azide-alkyne cycloaddition. This has put demand on synthetic chemistry to develop approaches for the preparation of azide-modified nucleoside derivatives. We review here the available methods for the synthesis of various nucleosides decorated with azido groups at the sugar residue or nucleobase, their incorporation into oligonucleotides and cellular RNAs, and their application in azide-alkyne cycloadditions for labelling and functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Müggenburg
- Institut für Biochemie, Universität Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 4, 17487, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sabine Müller
- Institut für Biochemie, Universität Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 4, 17487, Greifswald, Germany
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5
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Pandey S, Mandal S, Danielsen MB, Brown A, Hu C, Christensen NJ, Kulakova AV, Song S, Brown T, Jensen KJ, Wengel J, Lou C, Mao H. Chirality transmission in macromolecular domains. Nat Commun 2022; 13:76. [PMID: 35013247 PMCID: PMC8748818 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27708-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chiral communications exist in secondary structures of foldamers and copolymers via a network of noncovalent interactions within effective intermolecular force (IMF) range. It is not known whether long-range chiral communication exists between macromolecular tertiary structures such as peptide coiled-coils beyond the IMF distance. Harnessing the high sensitivity of single-molecule force spectroscopy, we investigate the chiral interaction between covalently linked DNA duplexes and peptide coiled-coils by evaluating the binding of a diastereomeric pair of three DNA-peptide conjugates. We find that right-handed DNA triple helices well accommodate peptide triple coiled-coils of the same handedness, but not with the left-handed coiled-coil stereoisomers. This chiral communication is effective in a range (<4.5 nm) far beyond canonical IMF distance. Small-angle X-ray scattering and molecular dynamics simulation indicate that the interdomain linkers are tightly packed via hydrophobic interactions, which likely sustains the chirality transmission between DNA and peptide domains. Our findings establish that long-range chiral transmission occurs in tertiary macromolecular domains, explaining the presence of homochiral pairing of superhelices in proteins. Chiral communication can propagate in secondary structures within the effective intermolecular force (IMF) range but it is not known whether long-range chiral communication exists between tertiary peptide structures. Here, the authors use single-molecule force spectroscopy to investigate chiral interaction between DNA duplexes/triplexes and peptide coiled-coils and demonstrate chiral communication beyond the IMF distance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shankar Pandey
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USA
| | - Shankar Mandal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USA
| | - Mathias Bogetoft Danielsen
- Biomolecular Nanoscale Engineering Center, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Asha Brown
- ATDBio Ltd., Magdalen Centre, Oxford Science Park, 1 Robert Robinson Avenue, Oxford, OX4 4GA, UK
| | - Changpeng Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USA
| | - Niels Johan Christensen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | | | - Shixi Song
- Biomolecular Nanoscale Engineering Center, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Tom Brown
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Knud J Jensen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Jesper Wengel
- Biomolecular Nanoscale Engineering Center, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Chenguang Lou
- Biomolecular Nanoscale Engineering Center, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense M, Denmark.
| | - Hanbin Mao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USA.
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6
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Bernal-Chanchavac J, Al-Amin M, Stephanopoulos N. Nanoscale structures and materials from the self-assembly of polypeptides and DNA. Curr Top Med Chem 2021; 22:699-712. [PMID: 34911426 DOI: 10.2174/1568026621666211215142916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The use of biological molecules with programmable self-assembly properties is an attractive route to functional nanomaterials. Proteins and peptides have been used extensively for these systems due to their biological relevance and large number of supramolecular motifs, but it is still difficult to build highly anisotropic and programmable nanostructures due to their high complexity. Oligonucleotides, by contrast, have the advantage of programmability and reliable assembly, but lack biological and chemical diversity. In this review, we discuss systems that merge protein or peptide self-assembly with the addressability of DNA. We outline the various self-assembly motifs used, the chemistry for linking polypeptides with DNA, and the resulting nanostructures that can be formed by the interplay of these two molecules. Finally, we close by suggesting some interesting future directions in hybrid polypeptide-DNA nanomaterials, and potential applications for these exciting hybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Bernal-Chanchavac
- Biodesign Center for Molecular Design and Biomimetics, Arizona State University, Tempe AZ 85251. United States
| | - Md Al-Amin
- Biodesign Center for Molecular Design and Biomimetics, Arizona State University, Tempe AZ 85251. United States
| | - Nicholas Stephanopoulos
- Biodesign Center for Molecular Design and Biomimetics, Arizona State University, Tempe AZ 85251. United States
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7
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Wang B, Pan R, Zhu W, Xu Y, Tian Y, Endo M, Sugiyama H, Yang Y, Qian X. Short intrinsically disordered polypeptide-oligonucleotide conjugates for programmed self-assembly of nanospheres with temperature-dependent size controllability. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:1184-1188. [PMID: 33527954 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm01817a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A series of short intrinsically disordered polypeptide conjugated oligonucleotides (IDPOCs) were rationally developed and assembled into well-defined nanospheres. The nanospheres exhibited excellent reversible thermoresponsive regulation of their contraction and expansion. Furthermore, the nanospheres showed biocompatibility, drug encapsulation and effective cellular uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
| | - Rizhao Pan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
| | - Weiping Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
| | - Yufang Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
| | - Ye Tian
- College of Engineering and Applied Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Masayuki Endo
- Department of Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, 606-8502, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sugiyama
- Department of Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, 606-8502, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yangyang Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
| | - Xuhong Qian
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China. and State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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8
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Lou C, Boesen JT, Christensen NJ, Sørensen KK, Thulstrup PW, Pedersen MN, Giralt E, Jensen KJ, Wengel J. Self‐Assembly of DNA–Peptide Supermolecules: Coiled‐Coil Peptide Structures Templated by
d
‐DNA and
l
‐DNA Triplexes Exhibit Chirality‐Independent but Orientation‐Dependent Stabilizing Cooperativity. Chemistry 2020; 26:5676-5684. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chenguang Lou
- Biomolecular Nanoscale Engineering CenterDepartment of Physics, Chemistry and PharmacyUniversity of Southern Denmark Campusvej 55 5230 Odense M Denmark
| | - Josephine Tuborg Boesen
- Biomolecular Nanoscale Engineering CenterDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Copenhagen Thorvaldsensvej 40 1871 Frederiksberg Denmark
| | - Niels Johan Christensen
- Biomolecular Nanoscale Engineering CenterDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Copenhagen Thorvaldsensvej 40 1871 Frederiksberg Denmark
| | - Kasper K. Sørensen
- Biomolecular Nanoscale Engineering CenterDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Copenhagen Thorvaldsensvej 40 1871 Frederiksberg Denmark
| | - Peter W. Thulstrup
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5 2100 Copenhagen Ø Denmark
| | - Martin Nors Pedersen
- X-ray and Neutron ScienceNiels Bohr InstituteUniversity of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5 2100 Copenhagen Ø Denmark
| | - Ernest Giralt
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona)Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) Baldiri Reixac 10 Barcelona 08028 Spain
- Department of Inorganic and Organic ChemistryUniversity of Barcelona Martí i Franquès 1–11 Barcelona 08028 Spain
| | - Knud J. Jensen
- Biomolecular Nanoscale Engineering CenterDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Copenhagen Thorvaldsensvej 40 1871 Frederiksberg Denmark
| | - Jesper Wengel
- Biomolecular Nanoscale Engineering CenterDepartment of Physics, Chemistry and PharmacyUniversity of Southern Denmark Campusvej 55 5230 Odense M Denmark
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9
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Jin J, Baker EG, Wood CW, Bath J, Woolfson DN, Turberfield AJ. Peptide Assembly Directed and Quantified Using Megadalton DNA Nanostructures. ACS NANO 2019; 13:9927-9935. [PMID: 31381314 PMCID: PMC6764022 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b04251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
In nature, co-assembly of polypeptides, nucleic acids, and polysaccharides is used to create functional supramolecular structures. Here, we show that DNA nanostructures can be used to template interactions between peptides and to enable the quantification of multivalent interactions that would otherwise not be observable. Our functional building blocks are peptide-oligonucleotide conjugates comprising de novo designed dimeric coiled-coil peptides covalently linked to oligonucleotide tags. These conjugates are incorporated in megadalton DNA origami nanostructures and direct nanostructure association through peptide-peptide interactions. Free and bound nanostructures can be counted directly from electron micrographs, allowing estimation of the dissociation constants of the peptides linking them. Results for a single peptide-peptide interaction are consistent with the measured solution-phase free energy; DNA nanostructures displaying multiple peptides allow the effects of polyvalency to be probed. This use of DNA nanostructures as identifiers allows the binding strengths of homo- and heterodimeric peptide combinations to be measured in a single experiment and gives access to dissociation constants that are too low to be quantified by conventional techniques. The work also demonstrates that hybrid biomolecules can be programmed to achieve spatial organization of complex synthetic biomolecular assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Jin
- Department
of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University
of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1
3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Emily G. Baker
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher W. Wood
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Bath
- Department
of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University
of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1
3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Derek N. Woolfson
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
- School
of Biochemistry, Medical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
- Bristol
BioDesign Institute, BrisSynBio, University
of Bristol Research Centre in Synthetic Biology, Life Sciences Building, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J. Turberfield
- Department
of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University
of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1
3PU, United Kingdom
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10
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Kye M, Lim YB. Synthesis and purification of self-assembling peptide-oligonucleotide conjugates by solid-phase peptide fragment condensation. J Pept Sci 2018; 24:e3092. [PMID: 29920844 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Peptide-oligonucleotide conjugates (POCs) are interesting molecules as they covalently combine 2 of the most important biomacromolecules. Sometimes, the synthesis of POCs involves unexpected difficulties; however, POCs with self-assembling propensity are even harder to synthesize and purify. Here, we show that solid-phase peptide fragment condensation combined with thiol-maleimide or copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition click chemistries is useful for the syntheses of self-assembling POCs. We describe guidelines for the selection of reactive functional groups and their placement during the conjugation reaction and consider the cost-effectiveness of the reaction. Purification is another important challenge during the preparation of POCs. Our results show that polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under denaturing conditions is most suitable to recover a high yield of self-assembling POCs. This report provides the first comprehensive study of the preparation of self-assembling POCs, which will lay a foundation for the development of elegant and sophisticated molecular assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahnseok Kye
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Yong-Beom Lim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
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11
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Abstract
Self-assembled peptide nanostructures have been increasingly exploited as functional materials for applications in biomedicine and energy. The emergent properties of these nanomaterials determine the applications for which they can be exploited. It has recently been appreciated that nanomaterials composed of multicomponent coassembled peptides often display unique emergent properties that have the potential to dramatically expand the functional utility of peptide-based materials. This review presents recent efforts in the development of multicomponent peptide assemblies. The discussion includes multicomponent assemblies derived from short low molecular weight peptides, peptide amphiphiles, coiled coil peptides, collagen, and β-sheet peptides. The design, structure, emergent properties, and applications for these multicomponent assemblies are presented in order to illustrate the potential of these formulations as sophisticated next-generation bio-inspired materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle M Raymond
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627-0216, USA.
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