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Villegas-Escobar N. Insights into the variations of kinetic and potential energies in a multi-bond reaction: the reaction electronic flux perspective. J Mol Model 2024; 30:262. [PMID: 38990414 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-024-06024-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT The debate over whether kinetic energy (KE) or potential energy (PE) are the fundamental energy components that contribute to forming covalent bonds has been enduring and stimulating over time. However, the supremacy of these energy components in reactions where multiple bonds are simultaneously formed or broken has yet to be explored. In this study, we use the reaction electronic flux (REF), an effective tool for investigating changes in driving electronic activity when bond formation or dissociation occurs in a chemical reaction, to examine the fluctuations in the KE and PE in a multi-bond reaction. To that end, the activation of CO2 by low-valent group 14 catalysts through a concerted σ -bond metathesis mechanism is analyzed. The findings of this preliminary study suggest that the REF can be utilized as a tool to rationalize alterations in the KE and PE in a multi-bond reaction. Specifically, analyses across the reaction coordinate reveal that changes in the KE and PE precede activation in the REF, stimulating the electronic activity where bond formation or dissociation processes dominate. METHODS The activation of CO2 by the low-valent LEH catalysts (L = N,N'-bis(2,6-diisopropyl phenyl)- β -diketiminate; E = Si, Ge, Sn, and Pb) was studied along the reaction coordinate at the M06-2X/6-31 G(d,p)-LANL2DZ(E) level of theory. The respective minimum energy path calculations were obtained using the intrinsic reaction coordinate (IRC) procedure. The reaction electronic flux (REF) was calculated through the computation of the electronic chemical potential using the frontier molecular orbital approximation. Mayer bond orders along the reaction coordinate have been determined using the NBO 3.1 program in Gaussian16. Most of the reaction coordinate quantities reported in this study (REF, KE, PE, among others) have been determined using the Kudi program and custom Python scripts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nery Villegas-Escobar
- Departamento de Físico-Química, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, 4070139, Chile.
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2
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Sun Q, Hüßler C, Kahle J, Mackenroth AV, Rudolph M, Krämer P, Oeser T, Hashmi ASK. Cascade Reactions of Aryl-Substituted Terminal Alkynes Involving in Situ-Generated α-Imino Gold Carbenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023:e202313738. [PMID: 37882411 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202313738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
An efficient, highly selective and divergent synthetic method to construct 2-substituted indoles and aryl-annulated carbazoles via the intermolecular generation of α-imino gold carbenes from terminal alkynes or diynes in combination with sulfilimines is disclosed. Importantly, the tandem reaction is proposed to proceed through an intermolecular gold carbene generation/C-H annulation followed by the activation of a second alkyne leading to 6-endo-dig cyclization, which is significantly different from previous dual activation or 1,6-carbene shift approaches for diyne systems. In the case of ortho-alkynylaniline as starting material, an unexpected regioselective formation of the indole moiety via the intermolecular path, instead of intramolecular hydroamination was discovered. This reactivity paved the way for a one-pot synthesis of the 11H-indolo [3,2-c] quinoline scaffold by exploiting the formed amino indole for a subsequent Pictet-Spengler reaction with aldehydes. The photophysical properties of the carbazoles indicated good violet-blue emission with quantum yields up to 40 %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoying Sun
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christopher Hüßler
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Justin Kahle
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexandra V Mackenroth
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Rudolph
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Petra Krämer
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Oeser
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Stephen K Hashmi
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
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3
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Gómez S, Rojas-Valencia N, Toro-Labbé A, Restrepo A. The transition state region in nonsynchronous concerted reactions. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:084109. [PMID: 36859077 DOI: 10.1063/5.0133487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The critical and vanishing points of the reaction force F(ξ) = -dV(ξ)/dξ yield five important coordinates (ξR, ξR* , ξTS, ξP* , ξP) along the intrinsic reaction coordinate (IRC) for a given concerted reaction or reaction step. These points partition the IRC into three well-defined regions, reactants (ξR→ξR* ), transition state (ξR* →ξP* ), and products (ξP* →ξP), with traditional roles of mostly structural changes associated with the reactants and products regions and mostly electronic activity associated with the transition state (TS) region. Following the evolution of chemical bonding along the IRC using formal descriptors of synchronicity, reaction electron flux, Wiberg bond orders, and their derivatives (or, more precisely, the intensity of the electron activity) unambiguously indicates that for nonsynchronous reactions, electron activity transcends the TS region and takes place well into the reactants and products regions. Under these circumstances, an extension of the TS region toward the reactants and products regions may occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Gómez
- Scuola Normale Superiore, Classe di Scienze, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Natalia Rojas-Valencia
- Instituto de Química, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Alejandro Toro-Labbé
- Laboratorio de Química Teórica Computacional (QTC), Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avenida Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago de Chile 7820436, Chile
| | - Albeiro Restrepo
- Instituto de Química, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
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4
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Forero-Girón AC, Toro-Labbé A. How Does Electronic Activity Drive Chemical Reactions? Insights from the Reaction Electronic Flux for the Conversion of Dopamine into Norepinephrine. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:4156-4163. [PMID: 35748576 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c01469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) is a crucial step in the physiological conversion of dopamine into norepinephrine catalyzed by dopamine β-monooxygenase. The way the reaction takes place is unclear, and a rational explanation on how the electronic activity drives the HAT seems to be necessary. In this work, we answer this question using the reaction electronic flux (REF), a DFT-based descriptor of electronic activity. Two reaction mechanisms will be analyzed using the REF's decomposition in polarization and electron transfer effects. Results show that both mechanisms proceed as follows: (1) polarization effects initiate the reactions producing structural distortions; (2) electron transfer processes take over near the transition states, triggering specific chemical events such as bond forming and breaking which are responsible to push the reactions toward the products; (3) after passing the transition state, polarization shows up again and drives the relaxation process toward the product. Similar polarization effects were observed in both reactions, but they present an opposite behavior of the electronic transfer flux disclosing the fact that electron transfer phenomena govern the reaction mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angie Carolay Forero-Girón
- Laboratorio de Química Teórica Computacional (QTC), Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avenida Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago de Chile, 7820436, Chile
| | - Alejandro Toro-Labbé
- Laboratorio de Química Teórica Computacional (QTC), Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avenida Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago de Chile, 7820436, Chile
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5
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Praveen C, Dupeux A, Michelet V. Catalytic Gold Chemistry: From Simple Salts to Complexes for Regioselective C-H Bond Functionalization. Chemistry 2021; 27:10495-10532. [PMID: 33904614 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Gold coordinated to neutral phosphines (R3 P), N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) or anionic ligands is catalytically active in functionalizing various C-H bonds with high selectivity. The sterics/electronic nature of the studied C-H bond, oxidation state of gold and stereoelectronic capacity of the coordinated auxiliary ligand are some of the associated selectivity factors in gold-catalyzed C-H bond functionalization reactions. Hence, in this review a comprehensive update about the action of different types of gold catalysts, from simple to sophisticated ones, on C-H bond reactions and their regiochemical outcome is disclosed. This review also highlights the catalytic applications of Au(I)- and Au(III)-species in creating new opportunities for the regio- and site-selective activation of challenging C-H bonds. Finally, it also intends to stress the potential applications in selective C-H bond activation associated with a variety of heterocycles recently described in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrasekar Praveen
- Electrochemical Power Sources Division, Central Electrochemcial Research Institute (CSIR Laboratory) Alagappapuram, Karaikudi, 630003, Sivagangai District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Aurélien Dupeux
- Institut de Chimie de Nice, UMR 7272 CNRS, University Côte d'Azur Valrose Park, Faculty of Sciences, 06108, Nice Cedex 2, France
| | - Véronique Michelet
- Institut de Chimie de Nice, UMR 7272 CNRS, University Côte d'Azur Valrose Park, Faculty of Sciences, 06108, Nice Cedex 2, France
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Fabian León Rayo D, Hong YJ, Campeau D, Tantillo DJ, Gagosz F. On the Mechanism of Au‐Catalyzed Enynamide‐yne Dehydro‐Diels‐Alder Reactions: An Experimental and Computational Study. Chemistry 2021; 27:10637-10648. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David Fabian León Rayo
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences University of Ottawa K1N 6N5 Ottawa Canada
| | - Young J. Hong
- Department of Chemistry University of California - Davis Davis California 95616 United States
| | - Dominic Campeau
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences University of Ottawa K1N 6N5 Ottawa Canada
| | - Dean J. Tantillo
- Department of Chemistry University of California - Davis Davis California 95616 United States
| | - Fabien Gagosz
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences University of Ottawa K1N 6N5 Ottawa Canada
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7
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Nakamura I, Hirayama A, Gima S, Terada M. Exo-Cyclization: Intermolecular Methylene Transfer Sequence in Au-Catalyzed Reactions of O-Homopropargylic Oximes. Chemistry 2020; 26:15816-15820. [PMID: 32618375 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The Au-catalyzed reactions of O-homopropaylic oximes afforded the 3-alkenylated isoxazolines in good to high yields. The mechanistic studies suggest that the reaction proceeds through an exo-cyclization followed by intermolecular methylene group transfer. In addition, oligomeric species of the starting material were observed in the reaction mixture by mass spectra, supporting our proposed mechanism, which proceeds through a repeated intermolecular C-C bond forming process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itaru Nakamura
- Research and Analytical Center for Giant Molecules, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 9808578, Japan
| | - Arinobu Hirayama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 9808578, Japan
| | - Shinya Gima
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 9808578, Japan
| | - Masahiro Terada
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 9808578, Japan
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8
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Parida R, Ganguly S, Das G, Giri S. Density Functional Treatment on Alkylation of a Functionalized Deltahedral Zintl Cluster. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:7248-7258. [PMID: 32786962 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c03254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Density functional theory (DFT) is one of the popular methods to understand the electronic structure of molecular systems based on electronic density. On the basis of this theory, several conceptual DFT descriptors have been developed which can deal with the stability, reactivity, and several other physicochemical properties of molecules. Here, we have taken a nine-atom-functionalized deltahedral Zintl cluster of germanium (Ge) to examine the alkylation reaction mechanism. The study showed that the Zintl cluster having a methyl group as a ligand, [Ge9(CH3)3-], acts as a better nucleophile than the cyanide (-CN)-substituted cluster [Ge9(CN)3-] in terms of different thermodynamic parameters like free energy, enthalpy of activation, reaction energy, etc. A detailed reaction electronic flux analysis reveals the nature of the electronic activity throughout the reaction pathway. The reaction force, Wiberg bond indices, and dual descriptor lend additional support to the reaction mechanism. It has been found that the alkylation reaction between the Zintl ion and the alkyl halide follows a SN2-like mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Parida
- School of Applied Sciences and Humanities, Haldia Institute of Technology, Haldia 721657, India.,Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela 769008, India
| | - Sudipta Ganguly
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela 769008, India
| | - Gora Das
- School of Applied Sciences and Humanities, Haldia Institute of Technology, Haldia 721657, India
| | - Santanab Giri
- School of Applied Sciences and Humanities, Haldia Institute of Technology, Haldia 721657, India
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9
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Liu Y, Liu P, Ling B, Chen G, Chen T, Li Y, Bi S, Zhang D. Mechanistic Investigation of Au(III)-Catalyzed Cycloisomerizations of N
-Propargylcarboxamides. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxia Liu
- Key Lab of Colloid and Interface Chemistry; Ministry of Education; Institute of Theoretical Chemistry; Shandong University; 250100 Jinan P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Qufu Normal University; 273165 Qufu P. R. China
| | - Peng Liu
- Key Lab of Colloid and Interface Chemistry; Ministry of Education; Institute of Theoretical Chemistry; Shandong University; 250100 Jinan P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Qufu Normal University; 273165 Qufu P. R. China
| | - Baoping Ling
- Key Lab of Colloid and Interface Chemistry; Ministry of Education; Institute of Theoretical Chemistry; Shandong University; 250100 Jinan P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Qufu Normal University; 273165 Qufu P. R. China
| | - Guang Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Qufu Normal University; 273165 Qufu P. R. China
| | - Tao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research & Qinghai Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Biological Resources; Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology; Chinese Academy of Science; 810001 Xining Qinghai P. R. China
| | - Yulin Li
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research & Qinghai Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Biological Resources; Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology; Chinese Academy of Science; 810001 Xining Qinghai P. R. China
| | - Siwei Bi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Qufu Normal University; 273165 Qufu P. R. China
| | - Dongju Zhang
- Key Lab of Colloid and Interface Chemistry; Ministry of Education; Institute of Theoretical Chemistry; Shandong University; 250100 Jinan P. R. China
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10
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Abstract
This review summarizes the recent developments in the field of dual gold activation chemistry. New developments including synthetic strategies, latest mechanistic insights, computational studies and the identification and isolation of key intermediates, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximei Zhao
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Matthias Rudolph
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - A Stephen K Hashmi
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany. and Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), 21589 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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11
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Villegas-Escobar N, Poater A, Solà M, Schaefer HF, Toro-Labbé A. Decomposition of the electronic activity in competing [5,6] and [6,6] cycloaddition reactions between C 60 and cyclopentadiene. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:5039-5048. [PMID: 30762038 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp07626j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Fullerenes, in particular C60, are important molecular entities in many areas, ranging from material science to medicinal chemistry. However, chemical transformations have to be done in order to transform C60 in added-value compounds with increased applicability. The most common procedure corresponds to the classical Diels-Alder cycloaddition reaction. In this research, a comprehensive study of the electronic activity that takes place in the cycloaddition between C60 and cyclopentadiene toward the [5,6] and [6,6] reaction pathways is presented. These are competitive reaction mechanisms dominated by σ and π fluctuating activity. To better understand the electronic activity at each stage of the mechanism, the reaction force (RF) and the symmetry-adapted reaction electronic flux (SA-REF, JΓi(ξ)) have been used to elucidate whether π or σ bonding changes drive the reaction. Since the studied cycloaddition reaction proceeds through a Cs symmetry reaction path, two SA-REF emerge: JA'(ξ) and JA''(ξ). In particular, JA'(ξ) mainly accounts for bond transformations associated with π bonds, while JA''(ξ) is sensitive toward σ bonding changes. It was found that the [6,6] path is highly favored over the [5,6] with respect to activation energies. This difference is primarily due to the less intensive electronic reordering of the σ electrons in the [6,6] path, as a result of the pyramidalization of carbon atoms in C60 (sp2 → sp3 transition). Interestingly, no substantial differences in the π electronic activity from the reactant complex to the transition state structure were found when comparing the [5,6] and [6,6] paths. Partition of the kinetic energy into its symmetry contributions indicates that when a bond is being weakened/broken (formed/strengthened) non-spontaneous (spontaneous) changes in the electronic activity occur, thus prompting an increase (decrease) of the kinetic energy. Therefore, contraction (expansion) of the electronic density in the vicinity of the bonding change is expected to take place.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nery Villegas-Escobar
- Laboratorio de Química Teórica Computacional (QTC), Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Centro de Energía UC, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avenida Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago 7820436, Chile.
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12
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Kreuzahler M, Daniels A, Wölper C, Haberhauer G. 1,3-Chlorine Shift to a Vinyl Cation: A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of the E-Selective Gold(I)-Catalyzed Dimerization of Chloroacetylenes. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:1337-1348. [PMID: 30588811 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b11501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Metal-catalyzed dimerization reactions of terminal acetylenes are well known in the literature. However, only a few examples of the dimerization of halogen-substituted acetylenes are described. The products of the latter metal-catalyzed dimerization are the branched head-to-tail enynes. The formation of the corresponding linear head-to-head enynes has not been reported yet. Herein, we demonstrate by means of quantum chemical methods and experiments that the head-to-head dimerization of chloroarylacetylenes can be achieved via mono gold catalysis. Under the optimized conditions, a clean and complete conversion of the starting materials is observed and the dimeric products are obtained up to 75% NMR yield. A mechanistic investigation of the dimerization reaction reveals that the branched head-to-tail vinyl cation is energetically more stable than the corresponding linear head-to-head cation. However, the latter can rearrange by an unusual 1,3-chlorine shift, resulting in the highly stereoselective formation of the trans product, which corresponds to the gold complex of the head-to-head E-enyne. The activation barrier for this rearrangement is extremely low (ca. 2 kcal/mol). As the mono gold-catalyzed dimerization can be conducted in a preparative scale, this simple synthesis of trans-1,2-dichloroenynes makes the gold(I)-catalyzed head-to-head dimerization of chloroarylacetylenes an attractive method en route to more complex conjugated enyne systems and their congeners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathis Kreuzahler
- Institut für Organische Chemie , Universität Duisburg-Essen , Universitätsstraße 7 , D-45117 Essen , Germany
| | - Alyssa Daniels
- Institut für Organische Chemie , Universität Duisburg-Essen , Universitätsstraße 7 , D-45117 Essen , Germany
| | - Christoph Wölper
- Institut für Organische Chemie , Universität Duisburg-Essen , Universitätsstraße 7 , D-45117 Essen , Germany
| | - Gebhard Haberhauer
- Institut für Organische Chemie , Universität Duisburg-Essen , Universitätsstraße 7 , D-45117 Essen , Germany
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13
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Herndon JW. The chemistry of the carbon-transition metal double and triple bond: Annual survey covering the year 2017. Coord Chem Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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14
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Gleiter R, Haberhauer G. Cyclic Compounds Incorporating Two or Four Alkyne Units in Close Proximity - Theory and Experiments. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rolf Gleiter
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Gebhard Haberhauer
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Universität Duisburg-Essen; Universitätsstr. 7 45117 Essen Germany
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15
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Greisch JF, Weis P, Brendle K, Kappes MM, Haler JRN, Far J, De Pauw E, Albers C, Bay S, Wurm T, Rudolph M, Schulmeister J, Hashmi ASK. Detection of Intermediates in Dual Gold Catalysis Using High-Resolution Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Greisch
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, KIT, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Nanotechnology, KIT, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Patrick Weis
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, KIT, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Katrina Brendle
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, KIT, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Manfred M. Kappes
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, KIT, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Nanotechnology, KIT, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Jean R. N. Haler
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Liège, MolSys Research Unit, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Johann Far
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Liège, MolSys Research Unit, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Edwin De Pauw
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Liège, MolSys Research Unit, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Sarah Bay
- Organic Chemistry Institute, Heidelberg University, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Wurm
- Organic Chemistry Institute, Heidelberg University, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Rudolph
- Organic Chemistry Institute, Heidelberg University, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Schulmeister
- Organic Chemistry Institute, Heidelberg University, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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16
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Arndt S, Borstelmann J, Eshagh Saatlo R, Antoni PW, Rominger F, Rudolph M, An Q, Vaynzof Y, Hashmi ASK. The Gold(I)-Mediated Domino Reaction to Fused Diphenyl Phosphoniumfluorenes: Mechanistic Consequences for Gold-Catalyzed Hydroarylations and Application in Solar Cells. Chemistry 2018; 24:7882-7889. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201800460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Arndt
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Jan Borstelmann
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Rebeka Eshagh Saatlo
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Patrick W. Antoni
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Matthias Rudolph
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Qingzhi An
- Kirchhoff-Institute for Physics; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 227 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Centre for Advanced Materials; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 225 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Yana Vaynzof
- Kirchhoff-Institute for Physics; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 227 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Centre for Advanced Materials; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 225 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - A. Stephen K. Hashmi
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Chemistry Department; Faculty of Science; King Abdulaziz University (KAU); Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
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17
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Ortega DE, Cortés-Arriagada D, Toro-Labbé A. Mechanistic details of ethylene polymerization reaction using methallyl nickel(ii) catalysts. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:22915-22925. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp03955k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We present a mechanistic study of the ligand functionalization of bulky boron co-activators on neutral methallyl Ni(ii) catalysts for polyethylene production. This provides a blueprint for the development and design of catalysts with a high degree of tunability in a more efficient way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela E. Ortega
- Laboratorio de Química Teórica Computacional (QTC), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
- Santiago 9900087
- Chile
| | - Diego Cortés-Arriagada
- Programa Institucional de Fomento a la Investigación
- Desarrollo e Innovación
- Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana
- Santiago
- Chile
| | - Alejandro Toro-Labbé
- Laboratorio de Química Teórica Computacional (QTC), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
- Santiago 9900087
- Chile
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18
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Kreuzahler M, Fabig S, Haberhauer G, Gleiter R. Au(I)-Catalyzed Dimerization of Two Alkyne Units-Interplay between Butadienyl and Cyclopropenylmethyl Cation: Model Studies and Trapping Experiments. J Org Chem 2017; 82:13572-13582. [PMID: 29149572 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, Au(I)-catalyzed reactions proved to be a valuable tool for the synthesis of substituted cycles by cycloaromatization and cycloisomerization starting from alkynes. Despite the myriad of Au(I)-catalyzed reactions of alkynes, the mono Au(I)-catalyzed pendant to the radical dimerization of nonconjugated alkyne units has not been investigated by quantum chemical calculations. Herein, by means of quantum chemical calculations, we describe the mono Au(I)-catalyzed dimerization of two alkyne units as well as the transannular ring closure reaction of a nonconjugated diyne. We found that depending on the system and the method used either the corresponding cyclopropenylmethyl cation or the butadienyl cation represents the stable intermediate. This circumstance could be explained by different stabilizing effects. Moreover, the calculation reveals a dramatic (>1012-fold) acceleration of the Au(I)-catalyzed reaction compared to that of the noncatalyzed radical variant. Trapping experiments with a substituted 1,6-cyclodecadiyne using benzene as a solvent at room temperature as well as studies with deuterated solvents confirm the calculations. In this context, we also demonstrate that trapping of the cationic intermediate with benzene does not proceed via a Friedel-Crafts-type reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathis Kreuzahler
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Duisburg-Essen , Universitätsstrasse 7, D-45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Sven Fabig
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Duisburg-Essen , Universitätsstrasse 7, D-45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Gebhard Haberhauer
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Duisburg-Essen , Universitätsstrasse 7, D-45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Rolf Gleiter
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg , Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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19
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Mora JR, Rincón L, Javier Torres F, Zambrano CH, Muñoz C. Theoretical study of the furfuryl benzoate and furfuryl acetate pyrolysis. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.3790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jose R. Mora
- Instituto de Simulación Computacional (ISC-USFQ); Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ); Quito Ecuador
- Grupo de Química Computacional y Teórica (QCT-USFQ), Departamento de Ingeniería Química; Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ); Quito Ecuador
| | - Luis Rincón
- Instituto de Simulación Computacional (ISC-USFQ); Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ); Quito Ecuador
- Grupo de Química Computacional y Teórica (QCT-USFQ), Departamento de Ingeniería Química; Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ); Quito Ecuador
| | - F. Javier Torres
- Instituto de Simulación Computacional (ISC-USFQ); Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ); Quito Ecuador
- Grupo de Química Computacional y Teórica (QCT-USFQ), Departamento de Ingeniería Química; Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ); Quito Ecuador
| | - Cesar H. Zambrano
- Instituto de Simulación Computacional (ISC-USFQ); Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ); Quito Ecuador
- Grupo de Química Computacional y Teórica (QCT-USFQ), Departamento de Ingeniería Química; Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ); Quito Ecuador
| | - Carlos Muñoz
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química; Universidad de Guayaquil; Guayaquil Ecuador
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