1
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Kraus J, Meingast L, Hald J, Beil SB, Biskupek J, Ritterhoff CL, Gsänger S, Eisenkolb J, Meyer B, Kaiser U, Maultzsch J, von Delius M. Simultaneous Inside and Outside Functionalization of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202402417. [PMID: 38489608 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202402417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Functionalizing single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) in a robust way that does not affect the sp2 carbon framework is a considerable research challenge. Here we describe how triiodide salts of positively charged macrocycles can be used not only to functionalize SWCNTs from the outside, but simultaneously from the inside. We employed disulfide exchange in aqueous solvent to maximize the solvophobic effect and therefore achieve a high degree of macrocycle immobilization. Characterization by Raman spectroscopy, EDX-STEM and HR-TEM clearly showed that serendipitously this wet-chemical functionalization procedure also led to the encapsulation of polyiodide chains inside the nanotubes. The resulting three-shell composite materials are redox-active and experience an intriguing interplay of electrostatic, solvophobic and mechanical effects that could be of interest for applications in energy storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Kraus
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Laura Meingast
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstraße 7, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Janina Hald
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sebastian B Beil
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Johannes Biskupek
- Central Facility of Electron Microscopy, Electron Microscopy Group of Materials Science, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Christian L Ritterhoff
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) and Computer Chemistry Center (CCC), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nägelsbachstraße 25, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Gsänger
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) and Computer Chemistry Center (CCC), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nägelsbachstraße 25, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jasmin Eisenkolb
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Center of Advanced Materials and Processes (ZMP), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Dr.-Mack-Str. 81, 90762, Fürth, Germany
| | - Bernd Meyer
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) and Computer Chemistry Center (CCC), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nägelsbachstraße 25, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ute Kaiser
- Central Facility of Electron Microscopy, Electron Microscopy Group of Materials Science, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Janina Maultzsch
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstraße 7, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Max von Delius
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
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2
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Martín Sabanés N, Eaton MD, Moreno-Da Silva S, Naranjo A, Pérez EM. Automated statistical analysis of raman spectra of nanomaterials. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:2048-2059. [PMID: 38204411 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr03602b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Both at the academic and the industrial level, material scientists are exploring routes for mass production and functionalization of graphene, carbon nanotubes (CNT), carbon dots, 2D materials, and heterostructures of these. Proper application of the novel materials requires fast and thorough characterization of the samples. Raman spectroscopy stands out as a standard non-invasive technique capable of giving key information on the structure and electronic properties of nanomaterials, including the presence of defects, degree of functionalization, diameter (in the case of CNT), different polytypes, doping, etc. Here, we present a computational tool to automatically analyze the Raman spectral features of nanomaterials, which we illustrate with the example of CNT and graphene. The algorithm manages hundreds of spectra simultaneously and provides statistical information (distribution of Raman shifts, average values of shifts and relative intensities, standard deviations, correlation between different peaks, etc.) of the main spectral features defining the structure and electronic properties of the samples, as well as publication-ready graphical material.
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3
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Yumura T, Sugimori N, Fukuura S. Theoretical understanding of stability of mechanically interlocked carbon nanotubes and their precursors. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:7527-7539. [PMID: 36853805 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp04738a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Dispersion-corrected DFT calculations were performed on (a,a) nanotubes (a = 5-10) attached by a U-shaped functional group consisting of p-xylene-linked double 9,10-di(1,3-dithiol-2-ylidene)-9,10-dihydro anthracene terminated by CnH2n chains (n = 6, 8, and 9), and their ring-closing macrocycles containing tubes. The reactant precursors and macrocycles are denoted by UP-n-(a,a) and (a,a)@Cycle-n, respectively. We found that UP-n-(a,a) are energetically preferable relative to the dissociation limit toward a U-shaped functional group (UP-n) and a tube (initial state) due to the attractive CH-π and π-π interactions. The attractive interactions are enhanced by increasing the tube diameters and CnH2n chain lengths because UP-n structures can be easily adjusted to interact with the tubes. The stability of (a,a)@Cycle-n and related (a,b)@Cycle-n is sensitive to tube diameters due to the restriction of ring structures. When diameter differences between a Cycle-n and a tube (D-d) are larger than 5 Å, (a,a)@Cycle-n plus C2H4 are energetically preferable relative to the initial state. However, the (a,a)@Cycle-n plus C2H4 byproduct is always energetically unstable relative to UP-n-(a,a). The DFT calculations found that the energy differences were low at D-d values ranging from 7 to 8 Å, explaining the tube-diameter-selective formation of the mechanically-interlocked tubes, observed experimentally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Yumura
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan.
| | - Nobuyuki Sugimori
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan.
| | - Shuta Fukuura
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan.
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4
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Yang YJ, Li SX, Chen DL, Long ZW. Geometric Structure, Electronic, and Spectral Properties of Metal-free Phthalocyanine under the External Electric Fields. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:41266-41274. [PMID: 36406576 PMCID: PMC9670904 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Here, the ground-state structures, electronic structures, polarizability, and spectral properties of metal-free phthalocyanine (H2Pc) under different external electric fields (EEFs) are investigated. The results show that EEF has an ultrastrong regulation effect on various aspects of H2Pc; the geometric structures, electronic properties, polarizability, and spectral properties are strongly sensitive to the EEF. In particular, an EEF of 0.025 a.u. is an important control point: an EEF of 0.025 a.u. will bend the benzene ring subunits to the positive and negative x directions of the planar molecule. Flipping the EEF from positive (0.025 a.u.) to negative (-0.025 a.u.) flips also the bending direction of benzene ring subunits. The H2Pc shows different dipole moments projecting an opposite direction along the x direction (-84 and 84 Debye for EEFs of -0.025 and 0.025 a.u., respectively) under negative and positive EEF, revealing a significant dipole moment transformation. Furthermore, when the EEF is removed, the molecule can be restored to the planar structure. The transformation of the H2Pc structure can be induced by the EEF, which has potential applications in the molecular devices such as molecular switches or molecular forceps. EEF lowers total energy and reduces highest occupied molecular orbital-lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (HOMO-LUMO) gap; especially, an EEF of 0.025 a.u. can reduce the HOMO-LUMO gap from 2.1 eV (in the absence of EEF) to 0.37 eV, and thus, it can enhance the molecular conductivity. The first hyperpolarizability of H2Pc is 0 in the absence of EEF; remarkably, an EEF of 0.025 a.u. can enhance the first hyperpolarizability up to 15,578 a.u. Therefore, H2Pc under the EEF could be introduced as a promising innovative nonlinear optical (NLO) nanomaterial such as NLO switches. The strong EEF (0.025 a.u.) causes a large number of new absorption peaks in IR and Raman spectra and causes the redshift of electronic absorption spectra. The changes of EEF can be used to regulate the structure transformation and properties of H2Pc, which can promote the application of H2Pc in nanometer fields such as molecular devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Ju Yang
- School
of Physics and Electronic Science, Guizhou
Education University, Guiyang 550018, China
| | - Shi-Xiong Li
- School
of Physics and Electronic Science, Guizhou
Education University, Guiyang 550018, China
| | - De-Liang Chen
- School
of Physics and Electronic Science, Guizhou
Education University, Guiyang 550018, China
| | - Zheng-Wen Long
- College
of Physics, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
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5
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Penty SE, Zwijnenburg MA, Orton GRF, Stachelek P, Pal R, Xie Y, Griffin SL, Barendt TA. The Pink Box: Exclusive Homochiral Aromatic Stacking in a Bis-perylene Diimide Macrocycle. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:12290-12298. [PMID: 35763425 PMCID: PMC9348826 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c03531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This work showcases chiral complementarity in aromatic stacking interactions as an effective tool to optimize the chiroptical and electrochemical properties of perylene diimides (PDIs). PDIs are a notable class of robust dye molecules and their rich photo- and electrochemistry and potential chirality make them ideal organic building blocks for chiral optoelectronic materials. By exploiting the new bay connectivity of twisted PDIs, a dynamic bis-PDI macrocycle (the "Pink Box") is realized in which homochiral PDI-PDI π-π stacking interactions are switched on exclusively. Using a range of experimental and computational techniques, we uncover three important implications of the macrocycle's chiral complementarity for PDI optoelectronics. First, the homochiral intramolecular π-π interactions anchor the twisted PDI units, yielding enantiomers with half-lives extended over 400-fold, from minutes to days (in solution) or years (in the solid state). Second, homochiral H-type aggregation affords the macrocycle red-shifted circularly polarized luminescence and one of the highest dissymmetry factors of any small organic molecule in solution (glum = 10-2 at 675 nm). Finally, excellent through-space PDI-PDI π-orbital overlap stabilizes PDI reduced states, akin to covalent functionalization with electron-withdrawing groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel E Penty
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Martijn A Zwijnenburg
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Georgia R F Orton
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Patrycja Stachelek
- Department of Chemistry, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Pal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Yujie Xie
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah L Griffin
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy A Barendt
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
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6
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López-Moreno A, Villalva J, Pérez EM. Mechanically interlocked derivatives of carbon nanotubes: synthesis and potential applications. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:9433-9444. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00510g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An introduction to mechanically interlocked derivatives of single-walled carbon nanotubes: their main structural features, their potential advantages compared to covalent and supramolecular derivatives, how to synthesize them, and their most promising fields for application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro López-Moreno
- IMDEA Nanoscience, Ciudad Universitaria de Canto Blanco, C/Faraday 9, E28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Julia Villalva
- IMDEA Nanoscience, Ciudad Universitaria de Canto Blanco, C/Faraday 9, E28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio M. Pérez
- IMDEA Nanoscience, Ciudad Universitaria de Canto Blanco, C/Faraday 9, E28049 Madrid, Spain
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7
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Moreno-Da Silva S, Martínez JI, Develioglu A, Nieto-Ortega B, de Juan-Fernández L, Ruiz-Gonzalez L, Picón A, Oberli S, Alonso PJ, Moonshiram D, Pérez EM, Burzurí E. Magnetic, Mechanically Interlocked Porphyrin-Carbon Nanotubes for Quantum Computation and Spintronics. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:21286-21293. [PMID: 34825564 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c07058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Atomic-scale reproducibility and tunability endorse magnetic molecules as candidates for spin qubits and spintronics. A major challenge is to implant those molecular spins into circuit geometries that may allow one, two, or a few spins to be addressed in a controlled way. Here, the formation of mechanically bonded, magnetic porphyrin dimeric rings around carbon nanotubes (mMINTs) is presented. The mechanical bond places the porphyrin magnetic cores in close contact with the carbon nanotube without disturbing their structures. A combination of spectroscopic techniques shows that the magnetic geometry of the dimers is preserved upon formation of the macrocycle and the mMINT. Moreover, the metallic core selection determines the spin location in the mMINT. The suitability of mMINTs as qubits is explored by measuring their quantum coherence times (Tm). Formation of the dimeric ring preserves the Tm found in the monomer, which remains in the μs scale for mMINTs. The carbon nanotube is used as vessel to place the molecules in complex circuits. This strategy can be extended to other families of magnetic molecules. The size and composition of the macrocycle can be tailored to modulate magnetic interactions between the cores and to introduce magnetic asymmetries (heterometallic dimers) for more complex molecule-based qubits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jesús I Martínez
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), Universidad de Zaragoza and CSIC, C/Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Aysegul Develioglu
- IMDEA Nanociencia, Campus de Cantoblanco, Calle Faraday 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén Nieto-Ortega
- IMDEA Nanociencia, Campus de Cantoblanco, Calle Faraday 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Luisa Ruiz-Gonzalez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Picón
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Soléne Oberli
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo J Alonso
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), Universidad de Zaragoza and CSIC, C/Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Dooshaye Moonshiram
- IMDEA Nanociencia, Campus de Cantoblanco, Calle Faraday 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio M Pérez
- IMDEA Nanociencia, Campus de Cantoblanco, Calle Faraday 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Burzurí
- IMDEA Nanociencia, Campus de Cantoblanco, Calle Faraday 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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8
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Matsuki H, Okubo K, Takaki Y, Niihori Y, Mitsui M, Kayahara E, Yamago S, Kobayashi K. Synthesis and Properties of a Cyclohexa‐2,7‐anthrylene Ethynylene Derivative. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202012120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hironori Matsuki
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Shizuoka University 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku Shizuoka 422-8529 Japan
| | - Keisuke Okubo
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Shizuoka University 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku Shizuoka 422-8529 Japan
| | - Yuta Takaki
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Shizuoka University 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku Shizuoka 422-8529 Japan
| | - Yoshiki Niihori
- Department of Chemistry College of Science Rikkyo University 3-34-1, Nishiikebukuro, Toshima-ku Tokyo 171-8501 Japan
| | - Masaaki Mitsui
- Department of Chemistry College of Science Rikkyo University 3-34-1, Nishiikebukuro, Toshima-ku Tokyo 171-8501 Japan
| | - Eiichi Kayahara
- Institute for Chemical Research Kyoto University Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
| | - Shigeru Yamago
- Institute for Chemical Research Kyoto University Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
| | - Kenji Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Shizuoka University 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku Shizuoka 422-8529 Japan
- Research Institute of Green Science and Technology Shizuoka University 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku Shizuoka 422-8529 Japan
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9
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Matsuki H, Okubo K, Takaki Y, Niihori Y, Mitsui M, Kayahara E, Yamago S, Kobayashi K. Synthesis and Properties of a Cyclohexa-2,7-anthrylene Ethynylene Derivative. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:998-1003. [PMID: 32981223 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202012120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of a cyclohexa-2,7-(4,5-diaryl)anthrylene ethynylene (1) was achieved for the first time by using 1,8-diaryl-3,6-diborylanthracene and 1,8-diaryl-3,6-diiodoanthracene as key synthetic intermediates. Macrocycle 1 possesses a planar conformation of approximately D6h symmetry, because of the triple-bond linker between the anthracene units at the 2,7-positions. It was confirmed that macrocycle 1, bearing bulky substituents at the outer peripheral positions, behaves as a monomeric form in solution without π-stacking self-association. Macrocycle 1 has an inner-cavity size that allows specific inclusion of [9]cycloparaphenylene ([9]CPP), but not [8]CPP or [10]CPP, through an aromatic edge-to-face CH-π interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironori Matsuki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
| | - Keisuke Okubo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
| | - Yuta Takaki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Niihori
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1, Nishiikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, 171-8501, Japan
| | - Masaaki Mitsui
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1, Nishiikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, 171-8501, Japan
| | - Eiichi Kayahara
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Shigeru Yamago
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Kenji Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan.,Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
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10
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Hooper CAJ, Cardo L, Craig JS, Melidis L, Garai A, Egan RT, Sadovnikova V, Burkert F, Male L, Hodges NJ, Browning DF, Rosas R, Liu F, Rocha FV, Lima MA, Liu S, Bardelang D, Hannon MJ. Rotaxanating Metallo-supramolecular Nano-cylinder Helicates to Switch DNA Junction Binding. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:20651-20660. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c07750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A. J. Hooper
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Lucia Cardo
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - James S. Craig
- Physical Sciences for Health Centre, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Lazaros Melidis
- Physical Sciences for Health Centre, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Aditya Garai
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Ross T. Egan
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Viktoriia Sadovnikova
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Florian Burkert
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Louise Male
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Nikolas J. Hodges
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Douglas F. Browning
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Roselyne Rosas
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, FSCM, Spectropole, Marseille 13007, France
| | - Fengbo Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, P. R. China
| | - Fillipe V. Rocha
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Mauro A. Lima
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Simin Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, P. R. China
| | | | - Michael J. Hannon
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
- Physical Sciences for Health Centre, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
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11
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Balakrishna B, Menon A, Cao K, Gsänger S, Beil SB, Villalva J, Shyshov O, Martin O, Hirsch A, Meyer B, Kaiser U, Guldi DM, von Delius M. Dynamic Covalent Formation of Concave Disulfide Macrocycles Mechanically Interlocked with Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:18774-18785. [PMID: 32544289 PMCID: PMC7590186 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202005081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The formation of discrete macrocycles wrapped around single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) has recently emerged as an appealing strategy to functionalize these carbon nanomaterials and modify their properties. Here, we demonstrate that the reversible disulfide exchange reaction, which proceeds under mild conditions, can install relatively large amounts of mechanically interlocked disulfide macrocycles on the one-dimensional nanotubes. Size-selective functionalization of a mixture of SWCNTs of different diameters were observed, presumably arising from error correction and the presence of relatively rigid, curved π-systems in the key building blocks. A combination of UV/Vis/NIR, Raman, photoluminescence excitation, and transient absorption spectroscopy indicated that the small (6,4)-SWCNTs were predominantly functionalized by the small macrocycles 12 , whereas the larger (6,5)-SWCNTs were an ideal match for the larger macrocycles 22 . This size selectivity, which was rationalized computationally, could prove useful for the purification of nanotube mixtures, since the disulfide macrocycles can be removed quantitatively under mild reductive conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bugga Balakrishna
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Arjun Menon
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kecheng Cao
- Electron Microscopy of Materials Science, Central Facility for Electron Microscopy, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sebastian Gsänger
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) & Computer-Chemistry-Center (CCC), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nägelsbachstrasse 25, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sebastian B Beil
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Julia Villalva
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Oleksandr Shyshov
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Oliver Martin
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Joint Institute of Advanced Materials and Processes (ZMP), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Hirsch
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Joint Institute of Advanced Materials and Processes (ZMP), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bernd Meyer
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) & Computer-Chemistry-Center (CCC), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nägelsbachstrasse 25, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ute Kaiser
- Electron Microscopy of Materials Science, Central Facility for Electron Microscopy, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Dirk M Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Max von Delius
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
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12
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Balakrishna B, Menon A, Cao K, Gsänger S, Beil SB, Villalva J, Shyshov O, Martin O, Hirsch A, Meyer B, Kaiser U, Guldi DM, Delius M. Mechanische Verzahnung von einwandigen Kohlenstoffnanoröhren durch dynamisch‐kovalente Bildung von konkaven Disulfidmakrozyklen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202005081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bugga Balakrishna
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Ulm Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Deutschland
| | - Arjun Menon
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie & Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Molekulare Materialien Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstrasse 3 91058 Erlangen Deutschland
| | - Kecheng Cao
- Elektronenmikroskopie der Materialwissenschaften Zentrale Einrichtung für Elektronenmikroskopie Universität Ulm Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Deutschland
| | - Sebastian Gsänger
- Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Molekulare Materialien & Computer-Chemie-Zentrum (CCC) Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Nägelsbachstrasse 25 91052 Erlangen Deutschland
| | - Sebastian B. Beil
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Ulm Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Deutschland
| | - Julia Villalva
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Ulm Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Deutschland
| | - Oleksandr Shyshov
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Ulm Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Deutschland
| | - Oliver Martin
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie & Gemeinsames Institut für Angewandte Materialien und Prozesse (ZMP) Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10 91058 Erlangen Deutschland
| | - Andreas Hirsch
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie & Gemeinsames Institut für Angewandte Materialien und Prozesse (ZMP) Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10 91058 Erlangen Deutschland
| | - Bernd Meyer
- Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Molekulare Materialien & Computer-Chemie-Zentrum (CCC) Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Nägelsbachstrasse 25 91052 Erlangen Deutschland
| | - Ute Kaiser
- Elektronenmikroskopie der Materialwissenschaften Zentrale Einrichtung für Elektronenmikroskopie Universität Ulm Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Deutschland
| | - Dirk M. Guldi
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie & Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Molekulare Materialien Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstrasse 3 91058 Erlangen Deutschland
| | - Max Delius
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Ulm Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Deutschland
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13
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Wielend D, Vera-Hidalgo M, Seelajaroen H, Sariciftci NS, Pérez EM, Whang DR. Mechanically Interlocked Carbon Nanotubes as a Stable Electrocatalytic Platform for Oxygen Reduction. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:32615-32621. [PMID: 32573248 PMCID: PMC7383929 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c06516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Mechanically interlocking redox-active anthraquinone onto single-walled carbon nanotubes (AQ-MINT) gives a new and advanced example of a noncovalent architecture for an electrochemical platform. Electrochemical studies of AQ-MINT as an electrode reveal enhanced electrochemical stability in both aqueous and organic solvents compared to physisorbed AQ-based electrodes. While maintaining the electrochemical properties of the parent anthraquinone molecules, we observe a stable oxygen reduction reaction to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Using such AQ-MINT electrodes, 7 and 2 μmol of H2O2 are produced over 8 h under basic and neutral conditions, while the control system of SWCNTs produces 2.2 and 0.5 μmol, respectively. These results reveal the potential of this rotaxane-type immobilization approach for heterogenized electrocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Wielend
- Linz
Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS), Institute of Physical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Straße 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Mariano Vera-Hidalgo
- IMDEA
Nanociencia, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, c/Faraday 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Hathaichanok Seelajaroen
- Linz
Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS), Institute of Physical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Straße 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Niyazi Serdar Sariciftci
- Linz
Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS), Institute of Physical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Straße 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Emilio M. Pérez
- IMDEA
Nanociencia, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, c/Faraday 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Dong Ryeol Whang
- Linz
Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS), Institute of Physical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Straße 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
- Department
of Advanced Materials, Hannam University, 1646 Yuseong-Daro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
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14
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Affiliation(s)
- Youzhi Xu
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Neue MaterialienUniversität Ulm Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Deutschland
| | - Max Delius
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Neue MaterialienUniversität Ulm Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Deutschland
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15
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Xu Y, von Delius M. The Supramolecular Chemistry of Strained Carbon Nanohoops. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 59:559-573. [PMID: 31190449 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201906069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Since 1996, a growing number of strained macrocycles, comprising only sp2 - or sp-hybridized carbon atoms within the ring, have become synthetically accessible, with the [n]cycloparaphenyleneacetylenes (CPPAs) and the [n]cycloparaphenylenes (CPPs) being the most prominent examples. Now that robust and relatively general synthetic routes toward a diverse range of nanohoop structures have become available, the research focus is beginning to shift towards the exploration of their properties and applications. From a supramolecular chemistry perspective, these macrocycles offer unique opportunities as a result of their near-perfect circular shape, the unusually high degree of shape-persistence, and the presence of both convex and concave π-faces. In this Minireview, we give an overview on the use of strained carbon-rich nanohoops in host-guest chemistry, the preparation of mechanically interlocked architectures, and crystal engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youzhi Xu
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Advanced Materials, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Max von Delius
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Advanced Materials, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
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16
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Ji M, Mason ML, Modarelli DA, Parquette JR. Threading carbon nanotubes through a self-assembled nanotube. Chem Sci 2019; 10:7868-7877. [PMID: 31853346 PMCID: PMC6844271 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc02313e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Achieving the co-assembly of more than one component represents an important challenge in the drive to create functional self-assembled nanomaterials. Multicomponent nanomaterials comprised of several discrete, spatially sorted domains of components with high degrees of internal order are particularly important for applications such as optoelectronics. In this work, single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) were threaded through the inner channel of nanotubes formed by the bolaamphiphilic self-assembly of a naphthalenediimide-lysine (NDI-Bola) monomer. The self-assembly process was driven by electrostatic interactions, as indicated by ζ-potential measurements, and cation-π interactions between the surface of the SWNT and the positively charged, NDI-Bola nanotube interior. To increase the threading efficiency, the NDI-Bola nanotubes were fragmented into shortened segments with lengths of <100 nm via sonication-induced shear, prior to co-assembly with the SWNTs. The threading process created an initial composite nanostructure in which the SWNTs were threaded by multiple, shortened segments of the NDI-Bola nanotube that progressively re-elongated along the SWNT surface into a continuous radial coating around the SWNT. The resultant composite structure displayed NDI-Bola wall thicknesses twice that of the parent nanotube, reflecting a bilayer wall structure, as compared to the monolayer structure of the parent NDI-Bola nanotube. As a final, co-axial outer layer, poly(p-phenyleneethynylene) (PPE-SO3Na, M W = 5.76 × 104, PDI - 1.11) was wrapped around the SWNT/NDI-Bola composite resulting in a three-component (SWNT/NDI-Bola/PPE-SO3Na) composite nanostructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyang Ji
- Department of Chemistry , The Ohio State University , 100 W. 18th Ave. , Columbus , Ohio 43210 , USA .
| | - McKensie L Mason
- Department of Chemistry , The Ohio State University , 100 W. 18th Ave. , Columbus , Ohio 43210 , USA .
| | - David A Modarelli
- Department of Chemistry , Center for Laser and Optical Spectroscopy , Knight Chemical Laboratory , The University of Akron , Akron , Ohio 44325-3601 , USA
| | - Jon R Parquette
- Department of Chemistry , The Ohio State University , 100 W. 18th Ave. , Columbus , Ohio 43210 , USA .
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17
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Gao N, Hou G, Liu J, Shen J, Gao Y, Lyulin AV, Zhang L. Tailoring the mechanical properties of polymer nanocomposites via interfacial engineering. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:18714-18726. [PMID: 31424061 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp02948f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The improvement of mechanical properties of polymer nanocomposites (PNCs) has been studied for many years, with the main focus on the structure of the nanofillers. Much less effort has been devoted to unraveling the factors controlling the structure of the grafted chains. Herein, through coarse-grained molecular-dynamics simulations, we have successfully fabricated an ideal, mechanically-interlocked composite structure composed of end-functionalized chains grafted to the nanoparticle surface forming rings and making the matrix chains thread through these rings. Depending on the details of the grafting, the reinforcement effect can be remarkable, improving the tensile stress of the system significantly up to 700%. Meanwhile, anisotropy of the system's mechanical response is also observed. Furthermore, the influence of the grafted chain distribution on the mechanical properties of the system has been investigated as well. We observe that the mechanical properties of the system are closely related to the total number of the beads in the grafted chains or the synergistic effect between the length and density of the grafted chains leads to no significant difference in the performance of systems. At constant grafting density, the mechanical properties of the systems correlate negatively to the grafted chain length. In general, our study should help to design and fabricate high-performance PNCs with excellent mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naishen Gao
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, People's Republic of China
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18
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Barrejón M, Mateo-Alonso A, Prato M. Carbon Nanostructures in Rotaxane Architectures. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Barrejón
- Instituto de Nanociencia; Nanotecnología y Materiales Moleculares (INAMOL); Universidad de Castilla La-Mancha; 45071 Toledo Spain
| | - Aurelio Mateo-Alonso
- POLYMAT; University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU; Avenida de Tolosa 72 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian Spain
- Ikerbasque; Basque Foundation for Science; 48013 Bilbao Spain
| | - Maurizio Prato
- Ikerbasque; Basque Foundation for Science; 48013 Bilbao Spain
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Università degli Studi di Trieste; Via Licio Giorgieri 1 34127 Trieste Italy
- Carbon Bionanotechnology Group CICbiomaGUNE; Paseo Miramón 182 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián Spain
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19
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Sluysmans D, Stoddart JF. The Burgeoning of Mechanically Interlocked Molecules in Chemistry. TRENDS IN CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trechm.2019.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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20
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Selmani S, Schipper DJ. π-Concave Hosts for Curved Carbon Nanomaterials. Chemistry 2019; 25:6673-6692. [PMID: 30674065 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201806134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Carbon nanomaterials have been at the forefront of nanotechnology since its inception. At the heart of this research are the curved carbon nanomaterial families: fullerenes and carbon nanotubes. While both have incredible properties that have been capitalized upon in a wide variety of applications, there is an aspect that is not commonly exploited by nanoscientists and organic chemists alike: the interaction of curved carbon nanomaterials with curved organic small molecules. By taking advantage of these interactions, new avenues are opened for the use of fullerenes and carbon nanotubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serxho Selmani
- Department of Chemistry, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Derek J Schipper
- Department of Chemistry, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
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21
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Đorđević L, Marangoni T, Liu M, De Zorzi R, Geremia S, Minoia A, Lazzaroni R, Ishida Y, Bonifazi D. Templating Porphyrin Anisotropy via Magnetically Aligned Carbon Nanotubes. Chempluschem 2019; 84:1270-1278. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201800623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luka Đorđević
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Trieste Via L. Giorgieri 1 34127 Trieste Italy
| | - Tomas Marangoni
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Trieste Via L. Giorgieri 1 34127 Trieste Italy
| | - Mingjie Liu
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Rita De Zorzi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Trieste Via L. Giorgieri 1 34127 Trieste Italy
| | - Silvano Geremia
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Trieste Via L. Giorgieri 1 34127 Trieste Italy
| | - Andrea Minoia
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, CIRMAPUniversité de Mons-UMONS Place du Parc 20 B-7000 Mons Belgium
| | - Roberto Lazzaroni
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, CIRMAPUniversité de Mons-UMONS Place du Parc 20 B-7000 Mons Belgium
| | - Yasuhiro Ishida
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Davide Bonifazi
- School of ChemistryCardiff University Park Place Main Building CF10 3AT United Kingdom
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22
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Mena-Hernando S, Pérez EM. Mechanically interlocked materials. Rotaxanes and catenanes beyond the small molecule. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:5016-5032. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00888d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
An overview of the progress in mechanically interlocked materials is presented. In particular, we focus on polycatenanes, polyrotaxanes, metal–organic rotaxane frameworks (MORFs), and mechanically interlocked derivatives of carbon nanotubes (MINTs).
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23
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Calbo J, de Juan A, Aragó J, Villalva J, Martín N, Pérez EM, Ortí E. Understanding the affinity of bis-exTTF macrocyclic receptors towards fullerene recognition. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:11670-11675. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp01735f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Embracing [60]fullerene: Quantification of the C60 affinity with a new series of exTTF macrocycles allows understanding the driving forces governing the supramolecular recognition upon increasing the alkyl ether chain size. Counterintuitively, an outside-ring complexation is found as the preferred arrangement over the expected inside-ring disposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquín Calbo
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular
- Universidad de Valencia
- Spain
| | | | - Juan Aragó
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular
- Universidad de Valencia
- Spain
| | | | - Nazario Martín
- IMDEA-Nanociencia
- 28049 Madrid
- Spain
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I
- Facultad de Química
| | | | - Enrique Ortí
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular
- Universidad de Valencia
- Spain
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24
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Herndon JW. The chemistry of the carbon-transition metal double and triple bond: Annual survey covering the year 2017. Coord Chem Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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25
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Xu Y, Kaur R, Wang B, Minameyer MB, Gsänger S, Meyer B, Drewello T, Guldi DM, von Delius M. Concave–Convex π–π Template Approach Enables the Synthesis of [10]Cycloparaphenylene–Fullerene [2]Rotaxanes. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:13413-13420. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b08244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Youzhi Xu
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Advanced Materials, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Ramandeep Kaur
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bingzhe Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martin B. Minameyer
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Gsänger
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) and Computer-Chemistry-Center (CCC), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nägelsbachstraße 25, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bernd Meyer
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) and Computer-Chemistry-Center (CCC), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nägelsbachstraße 25, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Drewello
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dirk M. Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Max von Delius
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Advanced Materials, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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26
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de Juan-Fernández L, Münich PW, Puthiyedath A, Nieto-Ortega B, Casado S, Ruiz-González L, Pérez EM, Guldi DM. Interfacing porphyrins and carbon nanotubes through mechanical links. Chem Sci 2018; 9:6779-6784. [PMID: 30310610 PMCID: PMC6115000 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc02492h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe the synthesis of rotaxane-type species composed of macrocyclic porphyrin rings mechanically interlocked with SWCNT threads. The formation of mechanically interlocked SWCNTs (MINTs) proceeds with chiral selectivity, and was confirmed by spectroscopic and analytical techniques and adequate control experiments, and corroborated by high-resolution electron microscopy. From a thorough characterization of the MINTs through UV-vis-NIR absorption, fluorescence, Raman, and transient absorption spectroscopy we analyse in detail the electronic interactions of the porphyrins and the SWCNTs in the ground and excited states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leire de Juan-Fernández
- IMDEA Nanoscience , C/ Faraday 9, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco , 28049 Madrid , Spain .
| | - Peter W Münich
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials , Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg , Egerlandstr. 3 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany .
| | - Arjun Puthiyedath
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials , Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg , Egerlandstr. 3 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany .
| | - Belén Nieto-Ortega
- IMDEA Nanoscience , C/ Faraday 9, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco , 28049 Madrid , Spain .
| | - Santiago Casado
- IMDEA Nanoscience , C/ Faraday 9, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco , 28049 Madrid , Spain .
| | - Luisa Ruiz-González
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica , Fac. C. C. Químicas , Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Avenida Complutense s/n , 28040 Madrid , Spain
| | - Emilio M Pérez
- IMDEA Nanoscience , C/ Faraday 9, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco , 28049 Madrid , Spain .
| | - Dirk M Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials , Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg , Egerlandstr. 3 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany .
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27
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Blanco M, Nieto-Ortega B, de Juan A, Vera-Hidalgo M, López-Moreno A, Casado S, González LR, Sawada H, González-Calbet JM, Pérez EM. Positive and negative regulation of carbon nanotube catalysts through encapsulation within macrocycles. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2671. [PMID: 29991679 PMCID: PMC6039438 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05183-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most attractive applications of carbon nanomaterials is as catalysts, due to their extreme surface-to-volume ratio. The substitution of C with heteroatoms (typically B and N as p- and n-dopants) has been explored to enhance their catalytic activity. Here we show that encapsulation within weakly doping macrocycles can be used to modify the catalytic properties of the nanotubes towards the reduction of nitroarenes, either enhancing it (n-doping) or slowing it down (p-doping). This artificial regulation strategy presents a unique combination of features found in the natural regulation of enzymes: binding of the effectors (the macrocycles) is noncovalent, yet stable thanks to the mechanical link, and their effect is remote, but not allosteric, since it does not affect the structure of the active site. By careful design of the macrocycles' structure, we expect that this strategy will contribute to overcome the major hurdles in SWNT-based catalysts: activity, aggregation, and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matías Blanco
- IMDEA Nanociencia, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, c/Faraday 9, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén Nieto-Ortega
- IMDEA Nanociencia, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, c/Faraday 9, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto de Juan
- IMDEA Nanociencia, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, c/Faraday 9, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariano Vera-Hidalgo
- IMDEA Nanociencia, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, c/Faraday 9, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro López-Moreno
- IMDEA Nanociencia, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, c/Faraday 9, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Casado
- IMDEA Nanociencia, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, c/Faraday 9, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luisa R González
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - José M González-Calbet
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio M Pérez
- IMDEA Nanociencia, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, c/Faraday 9, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
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28
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Miki K, Saiki K, Umeyama T, Baek J, Noda T, Imahori H, Sato Y, Suenaga K, Ohe K. Unique Tube-Ring Interactions: Complexation of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes with Cycloparaphenyleneacetylenes. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1800720. [PMID: 29782702 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201800720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) interlocked by cyclic compounds through supramolecular interaction are promising rotaxane-like materials applicable as 2D and 3D networks of nanowires and disease-specific theranostic agents having multifunctionalities. Supramolecular complexation of CNTs with cyclic compounds in a "ring toss'' manner is a straightforward method to prepare interlocked CNTs; however, to date, this has not been reported on. Here, the "ring toss" method to prepare interlocked CNTs by using π-conjugated carbon nanorings: [8]-, [9]-, and [10]cycloparaphenyleneacetylene (CPPA) is reported. CPPAs efficiently interact with CNTs to form CNT@CPPA complexes, while uncomplexed CPPAs can be recovered without decomposition. CNTs, which tightly fit in the cavities of CPPAs through convex-concave interaction, efficiently afford "tube-in-ring"-type CNT@CPPA complexes. "Tube-in-ring"-type and "ring-on-tube"-type complexation modes are successfully distinguished by spectroscopic, thermogravimetric, and microscopic analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Miki
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kenzo Saiki
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Umeyama
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Jinseok Baek
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Takeru Noda
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Imahori
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Kyoto University, Yoshidaushinomiya-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yuta Sato
- Nanomaterials Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, 305-8565, Japan
| | - Kazu Suenaga
- Nanomaterials Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, 305-8565, Japan
| | - Kouichi Ohe
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
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29
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Chang D, Han D, Yan W, Yuan Z, Wang Q, Zou L. Multi-mode supermolecular polymerization driven by host-guest interactions. RSC Adv 2018; 8:13722-13727. [PMID: 35539298 PMCID: PMC9079814 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra01892h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel supermolecular self-assembly based on ternary host-guest interaction between cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]), 1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium dication (MV) and coumarin derivative was applied for the construction of linear supramolecular polymer with high degree of polymerization in aqueous solution. Accompanied by the introduction of azobenzene on linear ABBA type monomer the supermolecular polymerization is different and the morphology changes from linear to dendritic polymer. The successful supramolecular polymerization of linear and dendritic supramolecular polymers by non-covalent host-guest molecular recognition was confirmed by various characterization methods, such as 1H NMR spectroscopy, ROESY, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements. Meanwhile, the supramolecular polymerization could promote the conversion of the azobenzene from cis to trans, which ultimately results in no isomerism upon UV irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Chang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology Shanghai 200237 PR China +86 21 64252288 +86 21 64252758
| | - Dan Han
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology Shanghai 200237 PR China +86 21 64252288 +86 21 64252758
| | - Wenhao Yan
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology Shanghai 200237 PR China +86 21 64252288 +86 21 64252758
| | - Zhiyi Yuan
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology Shanghai 200237 PR China +86 21 64252288 +86 21 64252758
| | - Qiaochun Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology Shanghai 200237 PR China +86 21 64252288 +86 21 64252758
| | - Lei Zou
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology Shanghai 200237 PR China +86 21 64252288 +86 21 64252758
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