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Craig JS, Melidis L, Williams HD, Dettmer SJ, Heidecker AA, Altmann PJ, Guan S, Campbell C, Browning DF, Sigel RKO, Johannsen S, Egan RT, Aikman B, Casini A, Pöthig A, Hannon MJ. Organometallic Pillarplexes That Bind DNA 4-Way Holliday Junctions and Forks. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37318835 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c00118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Holliday 4-way junctions are key to important biological DNA processes (insertion, recombination, and repair) and are dynamic structures that adopt either open or closed conformations, the open conformation being the biologically active form. Tetracationic metallo-supramolecular pillarplexes display aryl faces about a cylindrical core, an ideal structure to interact with open DNA junction cavities. Combining experimental studies and MD simulations, we show that an Au pillarplex can bind DNA 4-way (Holliday) junctions in their open form, a binding mode not accessed by synthetic agents before. Pillarplexes can bind 3-way junctions too, but their large size leads them to open up and expand that junction, disrupting the base pairing, which manifests in an increased hydrodynamic size and lower junction thermal stability. At high loading, they rearrange both 4-way and 3-way junctions into Y-shaped forks to increase the available junction-like binding sites. Isostructural Ag pillarplexes show similar DNA junction binding behavior but lower solution stability. This pillarplex binding contrasts with (but complements) that of metallo-supramolecular cylinders, which prefer 3-way junctions and can rearrange 4-way junctions into 3-way junction structures. The pillarplexes' ability to bind open 4-way junctions creates exciting possibilities to modulate and switch such structures in biology, as well as in synthetic nucleic acid nanostructures. In human cells, the pillarplexes do reach the nucleus, with antiproliferative activity at levels similar to those of cisplatin. The findings provide a new roadmap for targeting higher-order junction structures using a metallo-supramolecular approach, as well as expanding the toolbox available to design bioactive junction binders into organometallic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Roland K O Sigel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstr. 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Silke Johannsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstr. 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
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Melidis L, Hill HJ, Coltman NJ, Davies SP, Winczura K, Chauhan T, Craig JS, Garai A, Hooper CAJ, Egan RT, McKeating JA, Hodges NJ, Stamataki Z, Grzechnik P, Hannon MJ. Supramolecular Cylinders Target Bulge Structures in the 5' UTR of the RNA Genome of SARS-CoV-2 and Inhibit Viral Replication. Angew Chem Weinheim Bergstr Ger 2021; 133:18292-18299. [PMID: 38505190 PMCID: PMC10947172 DOI: 10.1002/ange.202104179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The untranslated regions (UTRs) of viral genomes contain a variety of conserved yet dynamic structures crucial for viral replication, providing drug targets for the development of broad spectrum anti-virals. We combine in vitro RNA analysis with molecular dynamics simulations to build the first 3D models of the structure and dynamics of key regions of the 5' UTR of the SARS-CoV-2 genome. Furthermore, we determine the binding of metallo-supramolecular helicates (cylinders) to this RNA structure. These nano-size agents are uniquely able to thread through RNA junctions and we identify their binding to a 3-base bulge and the central cross 4-way junction located in stem loop 5. Finally, we show these RNA-binding cylinders suppress SARS-CoV-2 replication, highlighting their potential as novel anti-viral agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lazaros Melidis
- Physical Sciences for Health CentreUniversity of BirminghamEdgbastonBirminghamB15 2TTUK
| | - Harriet J. Hill
- Institute of Immunology and ImmunotherapyUniversity of BirminghamEdgbastonBirminghamB15 2TTUK
| | | | - Scott P. Davies
- Institute of Immunology and ImmunotherapyUniversity of BirminghamEdgbastonBirminghamB15 2TTUK
| | - Kinga Winczura
- School of BiosciencesUniversity of BirminghamEdgbastonBirminghamB15 2TTUK
| | - Tasha Chauhan
- Physical Sciences for Health CentreUniversity of BirminghamEdgbastonBirminghamB15 2TTUK
| | - James S. Craig
- Physical Sciences for Health CentreUniversity of BirminghamEdgbastonBirminghamB15 2TTUK
| | - Aditya Garai
- School of ChemistryUniversity of BirminghamEdgbastonBirminghamB15 2TTUK
| | | | - Ross T. Egan
- School of ChemistryUniversity of BirminghamEdgbastonBirminghamB15 2TTUK
| | - Jane A. McKeating
- Nuffield Department of Medicine & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI)Oxford UniversityOxfordOX3 7BNUK
| | - Nikolas J. Hodges
- School of BiosciencesUniversity of BirminghamEdgbastonBirminghamB15 2TTUK
| | - Zania Stamataki
- Institute of Immunology and ImmunotherapyUniversity of BirminghamEdgbastonBirminghamB15 2TTUK
| | - Pawel Grzechnik
- School of BiosciencesUniversity of BirminghamEdgbastonBirminghamB15 2TTUK
| | - Michael J. Hannon
- Physical Sciences for Health CentreUniversity of BirminghamEdgbastonBirminghamB15 2TTUK
- School of ChemistryUniversity of BirminghamEdgbastonBirminghamB15 2TTUK
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3
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Melidis L, Hill HJ, Coltman NJ, Davies SP, Winczura K, Chauhan T, Craig JS, Garai A, Hooper CAJ, Egan RT, McKeating JA, Hodges NJ, Stamataki Z, Grzechnik P, Hannon MJ. Supramolecular Cylinders Target Bulge Structures in the 5' UTR of the RNA Genome of SARS-CoV-2 and Inhibit Viral Replication*. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:18144-18151. [PMID: 33915014 PMCID: PMC8222931 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202104179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The untranslated regions (UTRs) of viral genomes contain a variety of conserved yet dynamic structures crucial for viral replication, providing drug targets for the development of broad spectrum anti-virals. We combine in vitro RNA analysis with molecular dynamics simulations to build the first 3D models of the structure and dynamics of key regions of the 5' UTR of the SARS-CoV-2 genome. Furthermore, we determine the binding of metallo-supramolecular helicates (cylinders) to this RNA structure. These nano-size agents are uniquely able to thread through RNA junctions and we identify their binding to a 3-base bulge and the central cross 4-way junction located in stem loop 5. Finally, we show these RNA-binding cylinders suppress SARS-CoV-2 replication, highlighting their potential as novel anti-viral agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lazaros Melidis
- Physical Sciences for Health CentreUniversity of BirminghamEdgbastonBirminghamB15 2TTUK
| | - Harriet J. Hill
- Institute of Immunology and ImmunotherapyUniversity of BirminghamEdgbastonBirminghamB15 2TTUK
| | | | - Scott P. Davies
- Institute of Immunology and ImmunotherapyUniversity of BirminghamEdgbastonBirminghamB15 2TTUK
| | - Kinga Winczura
- School of BiosciencesUniversity of BirminghamEdgbastonBirminghamB15 2TTUK
| | - Tasha Chauhan
- Physical Sciences for Health CentreUniversity of BirminghamEdgbastonBirminghamB15 2TTUK
| | - James S. Craig
- Physical Sciences for Health CentreUniversity of BirminghamEdgbastonBirminghamB15 2TTUK
| | - Aditya Garai
- School of ChemistryUniversity of BirminghamEdgbastonBirminghamB15 2TTUK
| | | | - Ross T. Egan
- School of ChemistryUniversity of BirminghamEdgbastonBirminghamB15 2TTUK
| | - Jane A. McKeating
- Nuffield Department of Medicine & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI)Oxford UniversityOxfordOX3 7BNUK
| | - Nikolas J. Hodges
- School of BiosciencesUniversity of BirminghamEdgbastonBirminghamB15 2TTUK
| | - Zania Stamataki
- Institute of Immunology and ImmunotherapyUniversity of BirminghamEdgbastonBirminghamB15 2TTUK
| | - Pawel Grzechnik
- School of BiosciencesUniversity of BirminghamEdgbastonBirminghamB15 2TTUK
| | - Michael J. Hannon
- Physical Sciences for Health CentreUniversity of BirminghamEdgbastonBirminghamB15 2TTUK
- School of ChemistryUniversity of BirminghamEdgbastonBirminghamB15 2TTUK
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4
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Hooper CAJ, Cardo L, Craig JS, Melidis L, Garai A, Egan RT, Sadovnikova V, Burkert F, Male L, Hodges NJ, Browning DF, Rosas R, Liu F, Rocha FV, Lima MA, Liu S, Bardelang D, Hannon MJ. Rotaxanating Metallo-supramolecular Nano-cylinder Helicates to Switch DNA Junction Binding. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:20651-20660. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c07750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A. J. Hooper
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Lucia Cardo
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - James S. Craig
- Physical Sciences for Health Centre, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Lazaros Melidis
- Physical Sciences for Health Centre, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Aditya Garai
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Ross T. Egan
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Viktoriia Sadovnikova
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Florian Burkert
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Louise Male
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Nikolas J. Hodges
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Douglas F. Browning
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Roselyne Rosas
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, FSCM, Spectropole, Marseille 13007, France
| | - Fengbo Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, P. R. China
| | - Fillipe V. Rocha
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Mauro A. Lima
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Simin Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, P. R. China
| | | | - Michael J. Hannon
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
- Physical Sciences for Health Centre, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
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