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El Chawich G, El Hayek J, Rouessac V, Cot D, Rebière B, Habchi R, Garay H, Bechelany M, Zakhour M, Miele P, Salameh C. Design and Manufacturing of Si-Based Non-Oxide Cellular Ceramic Structures through Indirect 3D Printing. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:471. [PMID: 35057187 PMCID: PMC8781799 DOI: 10.3390/ma15020471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Additive manufacturing of Polymer-Derived Ceramics (PDCs) is regarded as a disruptive fabrication process that includes several technologies such as light curing and ink writing. However, 3D printing based on material extrusion is still not fully explored. Here, an indirect 3D printing approach combining Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) and replica process is demonstrated as a simple and low-cost approach to deliver complex near-net-shaped cellular Si-based non-oxide ceramic architectures while preserving the structure. 3D-Printed honeycomb polylactic acid (PLA) lattices were dip-coated with two preceramic polymers (polyvinylsilazane and allylhydridopolycarbosilane) and then converted by pyrolysis respectively into SiCN and SiC ceramics. All the steps of the process (printing resolution and surface finishing, cross-linking, dip-coating, drying and pyrolysis) were optimized and controlled. Despite some internal and surface defects observed by topography, 3D-printed materials exhibited a retention of the highly porous honeycomb shape after pyrolysis. Weight loss, volume shrinkage, roughness and microstructural evolution with high annealing temperatures are discussed. Our results show that the sacrificial mold-assisted 3D printing is a suitable rapid approach for producing customizable lightweight highly stable Si-based 3D non-oxide ceramics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghenwa El Chawich
- Institut Européen des Membranes, IEM, UMR 5635, University Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, CEDEX 5, 34095 Montpellier, France; (G.E.C.); (J.E.H.); (V.R.); (D.C.); (M.B.); (P.M.)
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique des Matériaux/Plateforme de Recherche en Nanomatériaux et Nanotechnologies (LCPM/PR2N), Lebanese University, Beirut 90656, Lebanon; (R.H.); (M.Z.)
| | - Joelle El Hayek
- Institut Européen des Membranes, IEM, UMR 5635, University Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, CEDEX 5, 34095 Montpellier, France; (G.E.C.); (J.E.H.); (V.R.); (D.C.); (M.B.); (P.M.)
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique des Matériaux/Plateforme de Recherche en Nanomatériaux et Nanotechnologies (LCPM/PR2N), Lebanese University, Beirut 90656, Lebanon; (R.H.); (M.Z.)
| | - Vincent Rouessac
- Institut Européen des Membranes, IEM, UMR 5635, University Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, CEDEX 5, 34095 Montpellier, France; (G.E.C.); (J.E.H.); (V.R.); (D.C.); (M.B.); (P.M.)
| | - Didier Cot
- Institut Européen des Membranes, IEM, UMR 5635, University Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, CEDEX 5, 34095 Montpellier, France; (G.E.C.); (J.E.H.); (V.R.); (D.C.); (M.B.); (P.M.)
| | - Bertrand Rebière
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier (ICGM), UMR 5253, University Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, CEDEX 5, 34095 Montpellier, France;
| | - Roland Habchi
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique des Matériaux/Plateforme de Recherche en Nanomatériaux et Nanotechnologies (LCPM/PR2N), Lebanese University, Beirut 90656, Lebanon; (R.H.); (M.Z.)
| | - Hélène Garay
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l’Evironnement et les Matériaux (IPREM), IMT Mines Alès, Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, 64053 Pau, France;
| | - Mikhael Bechelany
- Institut Européen des Membranes, IEM, UMR 5635, University Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, CEDEX 5, 34095 Montpellier, France; (G.E.C.); (J.E.H.); (V.R.); (D.C.); (M.B.); (P.M.)
| | - Mirvat Zakhour
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique des Matériaux/Plateforme de Recherche en Nanomatériaux et Nanotechnologies (LCPM/PR2N), Lebanese University, Beirut 90656, Lebanon; (R.H.); (M.Z.)
| | - Philippe Miele
- Institut Européen des Membranes, IEM, UMR 5635, University Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, CEDEX 5, 34095 Montpellier, France; (G.E.C.); (J.E.H.); (V.R.); (D.C.); (M.B.); (P.M.)
- Institut Universitaire de France, IUF, MENESR, 1 rue Descartes, CEDEX 5, 75231 Paris, France
| | - Chrystelle Salameh
- Institut Européen des Membranes, IEM, UMR 5635, University Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, CEDEX 5, 34095 Montpellier, France; (G.E.C.); (J.E.H.); (V.R.); (D.C.); (M.B.); (P.M.)
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Investigation of polymer-derived Si-(B)-C-N ceramic/reduced graphene oxide composite systems as active catalysts towards the hydrogen evolution reaction. Sci Rep 2020; 10:22003. [PMID: 33319809 PMCID: PMC7738544 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78558-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER) is an attractive technology for chemical conversion of energy. Replacement of platinum with inexpensive and stable electrocatalysts remains a major bottleneck hampering large-scale hydrogen production by using clean and renewable energy sources. Here, we report electrocatalytically active and ultra-stable Polymer-Derived Ceramics towards HER. We successfully prepared ultrathin silicon and carbon (Si–C) based ceramic systems supported on electrically conducting 2D reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanosheets with promising HER activity by varying the nature and the composition of the ceramic with the inclusion of nitrogen, boron and oxygen. Our results suggest that oxygen-enriched Si-B-C-N/rGO composites (O-SiBCN/rGO) display the strongest catalytic activity leading to an onset potential and a Tafel slope of − 340 mV and ~ 120 mV dec−1 respectively. O-SiBCN/rGO electrodes display stability over 170 h with minimal increase of 14% of the overpotential compared to ~ 1700% for commercial platinum nanoparticles. Our study provides new insights on the performance of ceramics as affordable and robust HER catalysts calling for further exploration of the electrocatalytic activity of such unconventional materials.
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In-Situ Synthesis and Characterization of Nanocomposites in the Si-Ti-N and Si-Ti-C Systems. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25225236. [PMID: 33182722 PMCID: PMC7696609 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The pyrolysis (1000 °C) of a liquid poly(vinylmethyl-co-methyl)silazane modified by tetrakis(dimethylamido)titanium in flowing ammonia, nitrogen and argon followed by the annealing (1000–1800 °C) of as-pyrolyzed ceramic powders have been investigated in detail. We first provide a comprehensive mechanistic study of the polymer-to-ceramic conversion based on TG experiments coupled with in-situ mass spectrometry and ex-situ solid-state NMR and FTIR spectroscopies of both the chemically modified polymer and the pyrolysis intermediates. The pyrolysis leads to X-ray amorphous materials with chemical bonding and ceramic yields controlled by the nature of the atmosphere. Then, the structural evolution of the amorphous network of ammonia-, nitrogen- and argon-treated ceramics has been studied above 1000 °C under nitrogen and argon by X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy. HRTEM images coupled with XRD confirm the formation of nanocomposites after annealing at 1400 °C. Their unique nanostructural feature appears to be the result of both the molecular origin of the materials and the nature of the atmosphere used during pyrolysis. Samples are composed of an amorphous Si-based ceramic matrix in which TiNxCy nanocrystals (x + y = 1) are homogeneously formed “in situ” in the matrix during the process and evolve toward fully crystallized compounds as TiN/Si3N4, TiNxCy (x + y = 1)/SiC and TiC/SiC nanocomposites after annealing to 1800 °C as a function of the atmosphere.
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Hydrogen Selective SiCH Inorganic-Organic Hybrid/γ-Al 2O 3 Composite Membranes. MEMBRANES 2020; 10:membranes10100258. [PMID: 32992911 PMCID: PMC7600925 DOI: 10.3390/membranes10100258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Solar hydrogen production via the photoelectrochemical water-splitting reaction is attractive as one of the environmental-friendly approaches for producing H2. Since the reaction simultaneously generates H2 and O2, this method requires immediate H2 recovery from the syngas including O2 under high-humidity conditions around 50 °C. In this study, a supported mesoporous γ-Al2O3 membrane was modified with allyl-hydrido-polycarbosilane as a preceramic polymer and subsequently heat-treated in Ar to deliver a ternary SiCH organic–inorganic hybrid/γ-Al2O3 composite membrane. Relations between the polymer/hybrid conversion temperature, hydrophobicity, and H2 affinity of the polymer-derived SiCH hybrids were studied to functionalize the composite membranes as H2-selective under saturated water vapor partial pressure at 50 °C. As a result, the composite membranes synthesized at temperatures as low as 300–500 °C showed a H2 permeance of 1.0–4.3 × 10−7 mol m−2 s−1 Pa−1 with a H2/N2 selectivity of 6.0–11.3 under a mixed H2-N2 (2:1) feed gas flow. Further modification by the 120 °C-melt impregnation of low molecular weight polycarbosilane successfully improved the H2-permselectivity of the 500 °C-synthesized composite membrane by maintaining the H2 permeance combined with improved H2/N2 selectivity as 3.5 × 10−7 mol m−2 s−1 Pa−1 with 36. These results revealed a great potential of the polymer-derived SiCH hybrids as novel hydrophobic membranes for purification of solar hydrogen.
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Fonblanc D, Lopez-Ferber D, Wynn M, Lale A, Soleilhavoup A, Leriche A, Iwamoto Y, Rossignol F, Gervais C, Bernard S. Crosslinking chemistry of poly(vinylmethyl-co-methyl)silazanes toward low-temperature formable preceramic polymers as precursors of functional aluminium-modified Si–C–N ceramics. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:14580-14593. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt03076f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Study of the crosslinking chemistry of liquid polysilazanes with alane hydride-based complex.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mélanie Wynn
- IEM (Institut Europeen des Membranes)
- UMR 5635 (CNRS-ENSCM-UM)
- Universite Montpellier
- Place E. Bataillon
- Montpellier
| | | | - Anne Soleilhavoup
- Sorbonne Université
- Collège de France
- UMR 7574
- Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris
- 75005 Paris
| | - Anne Leriche
- Laboratoire de Matériaux Céramiques et Procédés Associés LMCPA
- UPRES EA 2443
- UVHC-ISTV
- 59600 Maubeuge
- France
| | - Yuji Iwamoto
- Nagoya Inst Technol
- Grad Sch Engn
- Dept Life Sci Appl Chem
- Aichi 4668555
- Japan
| | | | - Christel Gervais
- Sorbonne Université
- Collège de France
- UMR 7574
- Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris
- 75005 Paris
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