1
|
Kurtishaj A, Žumer M, Nemanič V, Cvelbar U. Addressing challenges with evaluating hydrogen-selective membrane performance by quadrupole mass spectrometry. J Mass Spectrom 2024; 59:e5001. [PMID: 38305502 DOI: 10.1002/jms.5001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogen separation using nanostructured membranes has gained research attention because of its potential to produce high-purity hydrogen by separating gases at the molecular level. Quadrupole mass spectrometry (QMS) is one method to evaluate these membranes' effectiveness in separating hydrogen from gas mixtures. However, quantifying gases in a mixture with QMS is challenging, especially when heavier gas ions interfere with a light gas ion, resulting in lower quantification accuracy. This study addresses this challenge by presenting a detailed calibration procedure that significantly improves hydrogen quantification accuracy up to a factor of 2.5. CO and CO2 were chosen as interfering gases because they are commonly released in conventional hydrogen production processes. By carefully evaluating the performance of these membranes, new opportunities for hydrogen separation may be realized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ardita Kurtishaj
- Department of Gaseous Electronics (F6), Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marko Žumer
- Department of Gaseous Electronics (F6), Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vincenc Nemanič
- Department of Gaseous Electronics (F6), Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Uroš Cvelbar
- Department of Gaseous Electronics (F6), Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Radmanesh F, Tena A, Sudhölter EJR, Hempenius MA, Benes NE. Nonaqueous Interfacial Polymerization-Derived Polyphosphazene Films for Sieving or Blocking Hydrogen Gas. ACS Appl Polym Mater 2023; 5:1955-1964. [PMID: 36935655 PMCID: PMC10012169 DOI: 10.1021/acsapm.2c02022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A series of cyclomatrix polyphosphazene films have been prepared by nonaqueous interfacial polymerization (IP) of small aromatic hydroxyl compounds in a potassium hydroxide dimethylsulfoxide solution and hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene in cyclohexane on top of ceramic supports. Via the amount of dissolved potassium hydroxide, the extent of deprotonation of the aromatic hydroxyl compounds can be changed, in turn affecting the molecular structure and permselective properties of the thin polymer networks ranging from hydrogen/oxygen barriers to membranes with persisting hydrogen permselectivities at high temperatures. Barrier films are obtained with a high potassium hydroxide concentration, revealing permeabilities as low as 9.4 × 10-17 cm3 cm cm-2 s-1 Pa-1 for hydrogen and 1.1 × 10-16 cm3 cm cm-2 s-1 Pa-1 for oxygen. For films obtained with a lower concentration of potassium hydroxide, single gas permeation experiments reveal a molecular sieving behavior, with a hydrogen permeance of around 10-8 mol m-2 s-1 Pa-1 and permselectivities of H2/N2 (52.8), H2/CH4 (100), and H2/CO2 (10.1) at 200 °C.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Radmanesh
- Membrane
Science and Technology Cluster, Faculty of Science and Technology,
MESA Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Alberto Tena
- The
European Membrane Institute Twente, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente,
P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
- Surfaces
and Porous Materials (SMAP), Associated Research Unit to CSIC, UVainnova
Bldg, Po de Belén 11 and Institute of Sustainable Processes
(ISP), Dr. Mergelina S/n, University of
Valladolid, 47071 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Ernst J. R. Sudhölter
- Membrane
Science and Technology Cluster, Faculty of Science and Technology,
MESA Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
- Organic
Materials & Interfaces, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty
of Applied Sciences, Delft University of
Technology, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Mark A. Hempenius
- Sustainable
Polymer Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, MESA Institute for Nanotechnology, University
of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500, AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Nieck E. Benes
- Membrane
Science and Technology Cluster, Faculty of Science and Technology,
MESA Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Malara A, Bonaccorsi L, Fotia A, Antonucci PL, Frontera P. Hybrid Fluoro-Based Polymers/Graphite Foil for H 2/Natural Gas Separation. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:2105. [PMID: 36903218 PMCID: PMC10004322 DOI: 10.3390/ma16052105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Membrane technologies and materials development appear crucial for the hydrogen/natural gas separation in the impending transition to the hydrogen economy. Transporting hydrogen through the existing natural gas network could result less expensive than a brand-new pipe system. Currently, many studies are focused on the development of novel structured materials for gas separation applications, including the combination of various kind of additives in polymeric matrix. Numerous gas pairs have been investigated and the gas transport mechanism in those membranes has been elucidated. However, the selective separation of high purity hydrogen from hydrogen/methane mixtures is still a big challenge and nowadays needs a great improvement to promote the transition towards more sustainable energy source. In this context, because of their remarkable properties, fluoro-based polymers, such as PVDF-HFP and NafionTM, are among the most popular membrane materials, even if a further optimization is needed. In this study, hybrid polymer-based membranes were deposited as thin films on large graphite surfaces. Different weight ratios of PVDF-HFP and NafionTM polymers supported over 200 μm thick graphite foils were tested toward hydrogen/methane gas mixture separation. Small punch tests were carried out to study the membrane mechanical behaviour, reproducing the testing conditions. Finally, the permeability and the gas separation activity of hydrogen/methane over membranes were investigated at room temperature (25 °C) and near atmospheric pressure (using a pressure difference of 1.5 bar). The best performance of the developed membranes was registered when the 4:1 polymer PVDF-HFP/NafionTM weight ratio was used. In particular, starting from the 1:1 hydrogen/methane gas mixture, a 32.6% (v%) H2 enrichment was measured. Furthermore, there was a good agreement between the experimental and theoretical selectivity values.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Malara
- Department of Civil, Energy, Environmental and Material Engineering, Mediterranea University of Reggio Calabria, 89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Lucio Bonaccorsi
- Department of Civil, Energy, Environmental and Material Engineering, Mediterranea University of Reggio Calabria, 89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Antonio Fotia
- Department of Civil, Energy, Environmental and Material Engineering, Mediterranea University of Reggio Calabria, 89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Pier Luigi Antonucci
- CNR, Institute of Advanced Technologies for Energy “Nicola Giordano”—ITAE, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Patrizia Frontera
- Department of Civil, Energy, Environmental and Material Engineering, Mediterranea University of Reggio Calabria, 89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ye F, Fan S, Li W, Wang Y, Lang X, Zhang J, Li J, Li G. Simultaneous Production of Aromatics and CO x-Free Hydrogen via Methane Dehydroaromatization in Membrane Reactors: A Simulation Study. Membranes (Basel) 2022; 12:1175. [PMID: 36557082 PMCID: PMC9785898 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12121175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
As an alternative route for aromatics and hydrogen production, methane dehydroaromatization (MDA) is of significant academic and industrial interest due to the abundance of natural gas resources and the intensive demand for aromatics and COx-free hydrogen. In the present work, a simulation study on MDA in membrane reactors (MRs) was performed with the aim of co-producing aromatics and COx-free hydrogen with a highly improved efficiency. The effects of various parameters, including catalytic activity, membrane flux and selectivity, as well as the operating conditions on the MR performance were discussed with respect to methane conversion, hydrogen yield, and hydrogen purity. The results show that catalytic activity and membrane flux and selectivity have significant impacts on CH4 conversion and H2 yield, whereas H2 purity is mainly dominated by membrane selectivity. A highly improved MDA is confirmed to be feasible at a relatively low temperature and a high feed pressure because of the hydrogen extraction effect. To further improve MDA in MRs by intensifying H2 extraction, a simple configuration combining a fixed-bed reactor (FBR) and an MR together is proposed for MDA, which demonstrates good potential for the high-efficiency co-production of aromatics and COx-free hydrogen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Ye
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Shuanshi Fan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Wenjun Li
- Beijing Institute of Spacecraft System Engineering, Beijing 100086, China
| | - Yanhong Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xuemei Lang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jianli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Jing Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- South China University of Technology-Zhuhai Institute of Modern Industrial Innovation, Zhuhai 519175, China
| | - Gang Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- South China University of Technology-Zhuhai Institute of Modern Industrial Innovation, Zhuhai 519175, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hadjixenophontos E, Mahmoudizadeh M, Rubin M, Ullmer D, Razmjooei F, Hanf AC, Brien J, Dittmeyer R, Ansar A. Palladium Membrane with High Density of Large-Angle Grain Boundaries to Promote Hydrogen Diffusivity. Membranes (Basel) 2022; 12:617. [PMID: 35736325 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12060617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A higher density of large-angle grain boundaries in palladium membranes promotes hydrogen diffusion whereas small-angle grain boundaries suppress it. In this paper, the microstructure formation in 10 µm thick palladium membranes is tuned to achieve a submicronic grain size above 100 nm with a high density of large-angle grain boundaries. Moreover, changes in the grain boundaries’ structure is investigated after exposure to hydrogen at 300 and 500 °C. To attain large-angle grain boundaries in Pd, the coating was performed on yttria-stabilized zirconia/porous Crofer 22 APU substrates (intended for use later in an ultracompact membrane reactor). Two techniques of plasma sprayings were used: suspension plasma spraying using liquid nano-sized powder suspension and vacuum plasma spraying using microsized powder as feedstock. By controlling the process parameters in these two techniques, membranes with a comparable density of large-angle grain boundaries could be developed despite the differences in the fabrication methods and feedstocks. Analyses showed that a randomly oriented submicronic structure could be attained with a very similar grain sizes between 100 and 500 nm which could enhance hydrogen permeation. Exposure to hydrogen for 72 h at high temperatures revealed that the samples maintained their large-angle grain boundaries despite the increase in average grain size to around 536 and 720 nm for vacuum plasma spraying and suspension plasma spraying, respectively.
Collapse
|
6
|
Guan J, Lu Y, Du L, Liang C, Wu J, Li D, Zhang S. An Aromatic Fluoropolymer For Hydrogen Separation From Hydrocarbons. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2100796. [PMID: 35020970 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Plasticization has been a critical challenge in membrane-based gas separation. Here we report a novel fluoropolymer, poly (trifluoro styrene) (PTFS) for hydrogen separation from hydrocarbons. The polymer structure was first characterized by different techniques such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS). Then, gas separation performances of the polymer were studied. The separation of H2 /CH4 was found to outperform most other fluorinated polymers and surpass the Robeson 1991 upper bound. Furthermore, the polymer demonstrated stable or increasing selectivity for hydrogen over hydrocarbons (CH4 , C2 H6 and C3 H8 ) at higher pressure, suggesting excellent resistance to plasticization. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Guan
- J. Guan, Y. Lu, C. Liang, J. Wu, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
| | - Yanqiu Lu
- J. Guan, Y. Lu, C. Liang, J. Wu, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
| | - Lijun Du
- L. Du, Shanghai Huayi 3F New Materials Co., Ltd, No. 560 Xujiahui Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Canzeng Liang
- J. Guan, Y. Lu, C. Liang, J. Wu, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
| | - Ji Wu
- J. Guan, Y. Lu, C. Liang, J. Wu, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
| | - Dongfei Li
- D. Li, S. Zhang, Keysino Separation Technology Singapore Pte Ltd, 04-05 Singapore Water Exchange, 84 Toh Guan Road East, Singapore, 608501, Singapore
| | - Sui Zhang
- D. Li, S. Zhang, Keysino Separation Technology Singapore Pte Ltd, 04-05 Singapore Water Exchange, 84 Toh Guan Road East, Singapore, 608501, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Soto C, Torres-Cuevas ES, González-Ortega A, Palacio L, Prádanos P, Freeman BD, Lozano ÁE, Hernandez A. Hydrogen Recovery by Mixed Matrix Membranes Made from 6FCl-APAF HPA with Different Contents of a Porous Polymer Network and Their Thermal Rearrangement. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:4343. [PMID: 34960894 PMCID: PMC8703379 DOI: 10.3390/polym13244343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) consisting of a blend of a hydroxypolyamide (HPA) matrix and variable loads of a porous polymer network (PPN) were thermally treated to induce the transformation of HPA to polybenzoxazole (β-TR-PBO). Here, the HPA matrix was a hydroxypolyamide having two hexafluoropropyilidene moieties, 6FCl-APAF, while the PPN was prepared by reacting triptycene (TRP) and trifluoroacetophenone (TFAP) in a superacid solution. The most probable size of the PPN particles was 75 nm with quite large distributions. The resulting membranes were analyzed by SEM and AFM. Up to 30% PPN loads, both SEM and AFM images confirmed quite planar surfaces, at low scale, with limited roughness. Membranes with high hydrogen permeability and good selectivity for the gas pairs H2/CH4 and H2/N2 were obtained. For H2/CO2, selectivity almost vanished after thermal rearrangement. In all cases, their hydrogen permeability increased with increasing loads of PPN until around 30% PPN with ulterior fairly abrupt decreasing of permeability for all gases studied. Thermal rearrangement of the MMMs resulted in higher permeabilities but lower selectivities. For all the membranes and gas pairs studied, the balance of permeability vs. selectivity surpassed the 1991 Robeson's upper bound, and approached or even exceeded the 2008 line, for MMMs having 30% PPN loads. In all cases, the HPA-MMMs before thermal rearrangement provided good selectivity versus permeability compromise, similar to their thermally rearranged counterparts but in the zone of high selectivity. For H2/CH4, H2/N2, these nonthermally rearranged MMMs approach the 2008 Robeson's upper bound while H2/CO2 gives selective transport favoring H2 on the 1991 Robeson's bound. Thus, attending to the energy cost of thermal rearrangement, it could be avoided in some cases especially when high selectivity is the target rather than high permeability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cenit Soto
- Surfaces and Porous Materials (SMAP), Associated Research Unit to CSIC, Facultad de Ciencias, University of Valladolid, Paseo Belén 7, E-47011 Valladolid, Spain; (C.S.); (L.P.); (P.P.)
- Institute of Sustainable Processes (ISP), Dr. Mergelina s/n, E-47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Edwin S. Torres-Cuevas
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, 200 E Dean Keeton St., Austin, TX 78712, USA; (E.S.T.-C.); (B.D.F.)
| | - Alfonso González-Ortega
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Sciences, Facultad de Ciencias, University of Valladolid, Paseo Belén 7, E-47011 Valladolid, Spain;
| | - Laura Palacio
- Surfaces and Porous Materials (SMAP), Associated Research Unit to CSIC, Facultad de Ciencias, University of Valladolid, Paseo Belén 7, E-47011 Valladolid, Spain; (C.S.); (L.P.); (P.P.)
- Institute of Sustainable Processes (ISP), Dr. Mergelina s/n, E-47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Pedro Prádanos
- Surfaces and Porous Materials (SMAP), Associated Research Unit to CSIC, Facultad de Ciencias, University of Valladolid, Paseo Belén 7, E-47011 Valladolid, Spain; (C.S.); (L.P.); (P.P.)
- Institute of Sustainable Processes (ISP), Dr. Mergelina s/n, E-47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Benny D. Freeman
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, 200 E Dean Keeton St., Austin, TX 78712, USA; (E.S.T.-C.); (B.D.F.)
| | - Ángel E. Lozano
- Surfaces and Porous Materials (SMAP), Associated Research Unit to CSIC, Facultad de Ciencias, University of Valladolid, Paseo Belén 7, E-47011 Valladolid, Spain; (C.S.); (L.P.); (P.P.)
- Departament of Macromolecular Chemistry, Institute for Polymer Science and Technology (ICTP-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
- IU CINQUIMA, University of Valladolid, Paseo Belén 5, E-47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Antonio Hernandez
- Surfaces and Porous Materials (SMAP), Associated Research Unit to CSIC, Facultad de Ciencias, University of Valladolid, Paseo Belén 7, E-47011 Valladolid, Spain; (C.S.); (L.P.); (P.P.)
- Institute of Sustainable Processes (ISP), Dr. Mergelina s/n, E-47011 Valladolid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Eremeev N, Krasnov A, Bespalko Y, Bobrova L, Smorygo O, Sadykov V. An Experimental Performance Study of a Catalytic Membrane Reactor for Ethanol Steam Reforming over a Metal Honeycomb Catalyst. Membranes (Basel) 2021; 11:membranes11100790. [PMID: 34677556 PMCID: PMC8540183 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11100790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The present study deals with the combination of ethanol steam reforming over a monolithic catalyst and hydrogen separation by membrane in a lab-scale catalytic membrane reactor (CMR). The catalyst was comprised of honeycomb thin-walled Fechralloy substrate loaded with Ni + Ru/Pr0.35Ce0.35Zr0.35O2 active component. The asymmetric supported membrane consisted of a thin Ni-Cu alloy–Nd tungstate nanocomposite dense permselective layer deposited on a hierarchically structured asymmetric support. It has been shown that the monolithic catalyst-assisted CMR is capable of increasing the driving potential for hydrogen permeation through the same membrane as compared with that of the packed bed catalyst by increasing the retentate hydrogen concentration. Important operating parameters responsible for the low carbon deposition rate as well as the amount of hydrogen produced from 1 mol of ethanol, such as the temperature range of 700–900 °C, the water/ethanol molar ratio of 4 in the feed, have been determined. Regarding the choice of the reagent concentration (ethanol and steam in Ar), its magnitude may directly interfere with the effectiveness of the reaction-separation process in the CMR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Eremeev
- Federal Research Center Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.K.); (Y.B.); (L.B.); (V.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Alexey Krasnov
- Federal Research Center Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.K.); (Y.B.); (L.B.); (V.S.)
| | - Yuliya Bespalko
- Federal Research Center Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.K.); (Y.B.); (L.B.); (V.S.)
| | - Ludmilla Bobrova
- Federal Research Center Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.K.); (Y.B.); (L.B.); (V.S.)
| | - Oleg Smorygo
- O.V. Roman Powder Metallurgy Institute, 220005 Minsk, Belarus;
| | - Vladislav Sadykov
- Federal Research Center Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.K.); (Y.B.); (L.B.); (V.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chuah CY, Jiang X, Goh K, Wang R. Recent Progress in Mixed-Matrix Membranes for Hydrogen Separation. Membranes (Basel) 2021; 11:666. [PMID: 34564483 PMCID: PMC8466440 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11090666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Membrane separation is a compelling technology for hydrogen separation. Among the different types of membranes used to date, the mixed-matrix membranes (MMMs) are one of the most widely used approaches for enhancing separation performances and surpassing the Robeson upper bound limits for polymeric membranes. In this review, we focus on the recent progress in MMMs for hydrogen separation. The discussion first starts with a background introduction of the current hydrogen generation technologies, followed by a comparison between the membrane technology and other hydrogen purification technologies. Thereafter, state-of-the-art MMMs, comprising emerging filler materials that include zeolites, metal-organic frameworks, covalent organic frameworks, and graphene-based materials, are highlighted. The binary filler strategy, which uses two filler materials to create synergistic enhancements in MMMs, is also described. A critical evaluation on the performances of the MMMs is then considered in context, before we conclude with our perspectives on how MMMs for hydrogen separation can advance moving forward.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chong Yang Chuah
- Singapore Membrane Technology Centre, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637141, Singapore; (C.Y.C.); (X.J.); (K.G.)
| | - Xu Jiang
- Singapore Membrane Technology Centre, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637141, Singapore; (C.Y.C.); (X.J.); (K.G.)
| | - Kunli Goh
- Singapore Membrane Technology Centre, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637141, Singapore; (C.Y.C.); (X.J.); (K.G.)
| | - Rong Wang
- Singapore Membrane Technology Centre, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637141, Singapore; (C.Y.C.); (X.J.); (K.G.)
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang JY, Chi YH, Huang JH. Electroless Plating of High-Performance Composite Pd Membranes with EDTA-Free Bath. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:ma14174894. [PMID: 34500984 PMCID: PMC8432675 DOI: 10.3390/ma14174894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
High-performance composite Pd membranes were successfully fabricated using electroless plating with an EDTA-free bath. The plating started with employing the one-time addition of hydrazine. In the experiment, the hydrazine concentrations and plating bath volumes were systematically varied to optimize the plating. The optimum composite Pd membrane tube showed high H2 permeance of 4.4 × 10−3 mol/m2 s Pa0.5 and high selectivity of 1.6 × 104, but poor cycling stability. Then, a method of sequential addition of the hydrazine from the high to low concentrations was employed. The resultant membrane, about 6 μm thick, still exhibited a high selectivity of 6.8 × 104 as well as a much-improved plating yield and cycling stability level; this membrane outperformed the membrane made using the unmodified plating technique with the EDTA-contained bath. This result indicates the EDTA-free bath combined with the sequential addition of hydrazine is a simple, low-cost, yet effective method for preparing thin, dense composite Pd membranes featuring high hydrogen permeation flux and high thermal durability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Yi Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan;
| | - Yen-Hsun Chi
- Green Energy and Environment Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu 31040, Taiwan;
| | - Jin-Hua Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan;
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Soto C, Torres-Cuevas ES, González-Ortega A, Palacio L, Lozano ÁE, Freeman BD, Prádanos P, Hernández A. Gas Separation by Mixed Matrix Membranes with Porous Organic Polymer Inclusions within o-Hydroxypolyamides Containing m-Terphenyl Moieties. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13060931. [PMID: 33803520 PMCID: PMC8003052 DOI: 10.3390/polym13060931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A hydroxypolyamide (HPA) manufactured from 2,2-bis(3-amino-4-hydroxy phenyl)-hexafluoropropane (APAF) diamine and 5′-terbutyl-m-terphenyl-4,4′′-dicarboxylic acid chloride (tBTpCl), and a copolyimide produced by stochiometric copolymerization of APAF and 4,4′-(hexafluoroisopropylidene) diamine (6FpDA), using the same diacid chloride, were obtained and used as polymeric matrixes in mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) loaded with 20% (w/w) of two porous polymer networks (triptycene-isatin, PPN-1, and triptycene-trifluoroacetophenone, PPN-2). These MMMs, and also the thermally rearranged membranes (TR-MMMs) that underwent a thermal treatment process to convert the o-hydroxypolyamide moieties to polybenzoxazole ones, were characterized, and their gas separation properties evaluated for H2, N2, O2, CH4, and CO2. Both TR process and the addition of PPN increased permeability with minor decreases in selectivity for all gases tested. Excellent results were obtained, in terms of the permeability versus selectivity compromise, for H2/CH4 and H2/N2 separations with membranes approaching the 2008 Robeson’s trade-off line. The best gas separation properties were obtained when PPN-2 was used. Finally, gas permeation was characterized in terms of chain intersegmental distance and fraction of free volume of the membrane along with the kinetic diameters of the permeated gases. The intersegmental distance increased after TR and/or the addition of PPN-2. Permeability followed an exponential dependence with free volume and a quadratic function of the kinetic diameter of the gas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cenit Soto
- Surfaces and Porous Materials (SMAP), Associated Research Unit to CSIC, Faculty of Science, University of Valladolid, Paseo Belén 7, 47011 Valladolid, Spain; (C.S.); (L.P.); (Á.E.L.)
- Institute of Sustainable Processes (ISP), Dr. Mergelina s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Edwin S. Torres-Cuevas
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA; (E.S.T.-C.); (B.D.F.)
| | - Alfonso González-Ortega
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Sciences, Faculty of Sceince, University of Valladolid, Paseo Belén 7, 47011 Valladolid, Spain;
| | - Laura Palacio
- Surfaces and Porous Materials (SMAP), Associated Research Unit to CSIC, Faculty of Science, University of Valladolid, Paseo Belén 7, 47011 Valladolid, Spain; (C.S.); (L.P.); (Á.E.L.)
- Institute of Sustainable Processes (ISP), Dr. Mergelina s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Ángel E. Lozano
- Surfaces and Porous Materials (SMAP), Associated Research Unit to CSIC, Faculty of Science, University of Valladolid, Paseo Belén 7, 47011 Valladolid, Spain; (C.S.); (L.P.); (Á.E.L.)
- Institute for Polymer Science and Technology (ICTP-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
- IU CINQUIMA, University of Valladolid, Paseo Belén 5, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Benny D. Freeman
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA; (E.S.T.-C.); (B.D.F.)
| | - Pedro Prádanos
- Surfaces and Porous Materials (SMAP), Associated Research Unit to CSIC, Faculty of Science, University of Valladolid, Paseo Belén 7, 47011 Valladolid, Spain; (C.S.); (L.P.); (Á.E.L.)
- Institute of Sustainable Processes (ISP), Dr. Mergelina s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
- Correspondence: (P.P.); (A.H.)
| | - Antonio Hernández
- Surfaces and Porous Materials (SMAP), Associated Research Unit to CSIC, Faculty of Science, University of Valladolid, Paseo Belén 7, 47011 Valladolid, Spain; (C.S.); (L.P.); (Á.E.L.)
- Institute of Sustainable Processes (ISP), Dr. Mergelina s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
- Correspondence: (P.P.); (A.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Peng X, Vicent-Luna JM, Jin Q. Water-Gas Shift Reaction to Capture Carbon Dioxide and Separate Hydrogen on Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:11026-11038. [PMID: 33630584 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c00145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In view of the increasingly severe global warming and ocean acidification caused by CO2 emissions, we report a new procedure, named "reactive separation", to capture CO2. We used advanced Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics methods to simulate the water-gas shift reaction in single-walled carbon nanotubes. We found that (11,11) carbon nanotubes with a diameter of 0.75 nm have the best ability to capture CO2 generated in the water-gas shift reaction. When the feed water-gas ratio is 1:1, the pressure is 3 MPa, and the temperature is 473 K, the storage capacity of CO2 reaches 2.18 mmol/g, the molar fraction of CO2 and H2 inside the carbon nanotube is 0.87 and 0.09, respectively, the conversion of CO in the pore is as high as 97.6%, and the CO2/H2 separation factor is 10.3. Therefore, utilizing the reaction and separation coupling effect of carbon nanotubes to adsorb and store the product CO2 formed in the water-gas shift reaction, while separating the generated clean energy gas H2, is a promising strategy for developing novel CO2 capture technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Peng
- College of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Jose Manuel Vicent-Luna
- Materials Simulation and Modelling, Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Qibing Jin
- College of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Muraru S, Ionita M. Towards Performant Design of Carbon-Based Nanomotors for Hydrogen Separation through Molecular Dynamics Simulations. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249588. [PMID: 33339237 PMCID: PMC7766832 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Clean energy technologies represent a hot topic for research communities worldwide. Hydrogen fuel, a prized alternative to fossil fuels, displays weaknesses such as the poisoning by impurities of the precious metal catalyst which controls the reaction involved in its production. Thus, separating H2 out of the other gases, meaning CH4, CO, CO2, N2, and H2O is essential. We present a rotating partially double-walled carbon nanotube membrane design for hydrogen separation and evaluate its performance using molecular dynamics simulations by imposing three discrete angular velocities. We provide a nano-perspective of the gas behaviors inside the membrane and extract key insights from the filtration process, pore placement, flux, and permeance of the membrane. We display a very high selectivity case (ω = 180° ps−1) and show that the outcome of Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations can be both intuitive and counter-intuitive when increasing the ω parameter (ω = 270° ps−1; ω = 360° ps−1). Thus, in the highly selective, ω = 180° ps−1, only H2 molecules and 1–2 H2O molecules pass into the filtrate area. In the ω = 270° ps−1, H2, CO, CH4, N2, and H2O molecules were observed to pass, while, perhaps counter-intuitively, in the third case, with the highest imposed angular velocity of 360° ps−1 only CH4 and H2 molecules were able to pass through the pores leading to the filtrate area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Muraru
- Faculty of Medical Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, GhPolizu 1-7, 011061 Bucharest, Romania;
- Advanced Polymer Materials Group, University Politehnica of Bucharest, GhPolizu 1-7, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mariana Ionita
- Faculty of Medical Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, GhPolizu 1-7, 011061 Bucharest, Romania;
- Advanced Polymer Materials Group, University Politehnica of Bucharest, GhPolizu 1-7, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ma X, Wan Z, Li Y, He X, Caro J, Huang A. Anisotropic Gas Separation in Oriented ZIF-95 Membranes Prepared by Vapor-Assisted In-Plane Epitaxial Growth. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:20858-20862. [PMID: 32767658 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202008260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Control of the microstructure grain orientation, grain boundaries and thickness are crucial for MOF membranes. We report a novel synthesis strategy to prepare highly c-oriented ZIF-95 membranes through vapor-assisted in-plane epitaxial growth. In a mixed DMF/water vapor atmosphere, in-plane epitaxial growth of a ZIF-95 seeds layer was achieved to obtain an oriented and well-intergrown ZIF-95 membrane with a thickness of only 600 nm. Demonstrated by both experimental and simulation studies, the c-oriented ZIF-95 membrane displayed superior separation performance because a perfectly oriented structure resulted in a notable reduction of intercrystalline defects and transport pathways. For the separation of equimolar binary mixtures at 100 °C and 1 bar, the mixture separation factors of H2 /CO2 and H2 /CH4 were 32.2 and 53.7, respectively, with an H2 permeance of over 7.9×10-7 mol m-2 s-1 Pa-1 , which was 4.6 times higher than that of a randomly oriented ZIF-95 membrane.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xixi Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, 200241, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Wan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, 200241, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanhong Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, 200241, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao He
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, 200241, Shanghai, China
| | - Jürgen Caro
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Leibniz University, Hannover, Germany
| | - Aisheng Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, 200241, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Liang J, Wang Z, Huang M, Wu S, Shi Y, Zhang Y, Jin J. Effects on Carbon Molecular Sieve Membrane Properties for a Precursor Polyimide with Simultaneous Flatness and Contortion in the Repeat Unit. ChemSusChem 2020; 13:5531-5538. [PMID: 32696521 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202001572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Carbon molecular sieve (CMS)-based membrane separation is a promising solution for hydrogen separation due to its great advantages on perm-selectivity, thermal stability, and chemical stability. To prepare high-performance CMS membranes, the molecular structure of polymer precursors and their arrangements should be primarily considered. In this work, a benzimidazole-based 6FDA (2,2'-bis(3,4'-dicarboxyphenyl) hexafluoropropane dianhydride)-type polyimide (PABZ-6FDA-PI) is chosen as precursor to prepare the CMS membrane. Effects of chain flatness and contortion in the polyimide precursor on gas-separation performance of CMS membranes were studied in detail by gas adsorption and permeation experiment. The H2 permeability of CMS is up to 9500 Barrer and ideal selectivity of gas pairs of H2 /CH4 and H2 /CO2 is up to 3800 and 13, respectively. The comprehensive performance of hydrogen separation including H2 /CO2 , H2 /N2 , and H2 /CH4 gas pairs is located well above previously reported upper bounds for polymers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiachen Liang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Zhenggong Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Menghui Huang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Shanshan Wu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yanshu Shi
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yatao Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Energy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Jian Jin
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kubo M, Mano R, Kojima M, Naniwa K, Daiko Y, Honda S, Ionescu E, Bernard S, Riedel R, Iwamoto Y. Hydrogen Selective SiCH Inorganic-Organic Hybrid/γ-Al 2O 3 Composite Membranes. Membranes (Basel) 2020; 10:E258. [PMID: 32992911 DOI: 10.3390/membranes10100258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Solar hydrogen production via the photoelectrochemical water-splitting reaction is attractive as one of the environmental-friendly approaches for producing H2. Since the reaction simultaneously generates H2 and O2, this method requires immediate H2 recovery from the syngas including O2 under high-humidity conditions around 50 °C. In this study, a supported mesoporous γ-Al2O3 membrane was modified with allyl-hydrido-polycarbosilane as a preceramic polymer and subsequently heat-treated in Ar to deliver a ternary SiCH organic–inorganic hybrid/γ-Al2O3 composite membrane. Relations between the polymer/hybrid conversion temperature, hydrophobicity, and H2 affinity of the polymer-derived SiCH hybrids were studied to functionalize the composite membranes as H2-selective under saturated water vapor partial pressure at 50 °C. As a result, the composite membranes synthesized at temperatures as low as 300–500 °C showed a H2 permeance of 1.0–4.3 × 10−7 mol m−2 s−1 Pa−1 with a H2/N2 selectivity of 6.0–11.3 under a mixed H2-N2 (2:1) feed gas flow. Further modification by the 120 °C-melt impregnation of low molecular weight polycarbosilane successfully improved the H2-permselectivity of the 500 °C-synthesized composite membrane by maintaining the H2 permeance combined with improved H2/N2 selectivity as 3.5 × 10−7 mol m−2 s−1 Pa−1 with 36. These results revealed a great potential of the polymer-derived SiCH hybrids as novel hydrophobic membranes for purification of solar hydrogen.
Collapse
|
17
|
Tong Y, Meng X, Luo T, Cui C, Wang Y, Wang S, Peng R, Xie B, Chen C, Zhan Z. Protonic Ceramic Electrochemical Cell for Efficient Separation of Hydrogen. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:25809-25817. [PMID: 32421301 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c04024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Advancement of a hydrogen economy requires establishment of a whole supply chain including hydrogen production, purification, storage, utilization, and recovery. Nevertheless, it remains challenging to selectively purify hydrogen out of H2-containing streams, especially at low concentrations. Herein, a novel protonic ceramic electrochemical cell is reported that can sustainably separate pure H2 out of H2-diluted streams over the temperature regime of 350-500 °C by mildly controlling the electric voltage. With the Faraday's efficiency above 96%, the measured H2 separation rate at 0.51 V and 500 °C is 3.3 mL cm-2 min-1 out of 10% H2 - 90% N2, or 2.4 mL cm-2 min-1 out of 10% H2 - 90% CH4 taken as an example of renewable hydrogen blended in the natural gas pipelines. Such high hydrogen separation capability at reduced temperatures is enabled by the nanoporous nickel catalysts and well-bonded electrochemical interfaces as produced from well-controlled in situ slow reduction of nickel oxides. These results demonstrate technical feasibility of onsite purification of hydrogen prior to their practical applications such as fuels for fuel cell electric vehicles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongcheng Tong
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (SICCAS), 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai 200050, PR China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Xie Meng
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (SICCAS), 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai 200050, PR China
| | - Ting Luo
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (SICCAS), 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai 200050, PR China
| | - Changsong Cui
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (SICCAS), 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai 200050, PR China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Yue Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (SICCAS), 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai 200050, PR China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Shiwei Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (SICCAS), 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai 200050, PR China
| | - Ranran Peng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Science & Technology of China (USTC), Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - B Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Science & Technology of China (USTC), Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Chusheng Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Science & Technology of China (USTC), Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Zhongliang Zhan
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (SICCAS), 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai 200050, PR China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Science & Technology of China (USTC), Hefei 230026, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhang D, Zhao J, Yang P, Chen Y, Fan Y. Preparation of High Stability Pd/Ceramic/Ti-Al Alloy Composite Membranes by Electroless Plating. Front Chem 2020; 8:202. [PMID: 32373575 PMCID: PMC7179701 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
High stability Pd/ceramic/Ti-Al alloy composite membranes were prepared by electroless plating. Ceramic membranes fabricated by an in situ oxidation method were used as an inter-diffusion barrier between the Pd layer and the Ti-Al alloy support of the membranes to prevent intermetallic diffusion. The stabilities of the ceramic membranes at high temperatures in an H2 atmosphere were investigated. The permeation performances and stabilities of the Pd/ceramic/Ti-Al alloy composite membranes were also studied. The results showed that the thickness, pore size, and microstructure of the ceramic membranes did not change significantly after the treatment in an H2 atmosphere at high temperatures, indicating that the ceramic membranes prepared by the in situ oxidation method were stable in an H2 atmosphere at high temperatures. The thickness of the Pd layer was ~13 μm. The hydrogen permeability and H2/N2 selectivity of the Pd composite membranes at 773 K were 2.13 × 10−3 mol m−2 s−1 Pa−0.5 and 600, respectively. In addition, the H2 flux, N2 flux, and H2/N2 selectivity of the composite membranes remained nearly constant over three heat cycles (under the same conditions), indicating that the structures of the Pd/ceramic/Ti-Al alloy composite membranes were stable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongqiang Zhang
- College of Petrochemical Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- College of Petrochemical Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ping Yang
- College of Petrochemical Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yanan Chen
- College of Petrochemical Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yiqun Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kato H, Lundin STB, Ahn SJ, Takagaki A, Kikuchi R, Oyama ST. Gas Separation Silica Membranes Prepared by Chemical Vapor Deposition of Methyl-Substituted Silanes. Membranes (Basel) 2019; 9:membranes9110144. [PMID: 31684187 PMCID: PMC6918472 DOI: 10.3390/membranes9110144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The effect on the gas permeance properties and structural morphology of the presence of methyl functional groups in a silica membrane was studied. Membranes were synthesized via chemical vapor deposition (CVD) at 650 °C and atmospheric pressure using three silicon compounds with differing numbers of methyl- and methoxy-functional groups: tetramethyl orthosilicate (TMOS), methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMOS), and dimethyldimethoxysilane (DMDMOS). The residence time of the silica precursors in the CVD process was adjusted for each precursor and optimized in terms of gas permeance and ideal gas selectivity criteria. Final H2 permeances at 600 °C for the TMOS-, MTMOS-, and DMDMOS-derived membranes were respectively 1.7 × 10-7, 2.4 × 10-7, and 4.4 × 10-8 mol∙m-2∙s-1∙Pa-1 and H2/N2 selectivities were 990, 740, and 410. The presence of methyl groups in the membranes fabricated with the MTMOS and DMDMOS precursors was confirmed via Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. From FTIR analysis, an increasing methyl signal in the silica structure was correlated with both an improvement in the hydrothermal stability and an increase in the apparent activation energy for hydrogen permeation. In addition, the permeation mechanism for several gas species (He, H2, Ne, CO2, N2, and CH4) was determined by fitting the gas permeance temperature dependence to one of three models: solid state, gas-translational, or surface diffusion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harumi Kato
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8556, Japan.
| | - Sean-Thomas B Lundin
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8556, Japan.
| | - So-Jin Ahn
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8556, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Takagaki
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8556, Japan.
| | - Ryuji Kikuchi
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8556, Japan.
| | - S Ted Oyama
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8556, Japan.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Mise Y, Ahn SJ, Takagaki A, Kikuchi R, Oyama ST. Fabrication and Evaluation of Trimethylmethoxysilane (TMMOS)-Derived Membranes for Gas Separation. Membranes (Basel) 2019; 9:membranes9100123. [PMID: 31547032 PMCID: PMC6835431 DOI: 10.3390/membranes9100123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Gas separation membranes were fabricated with varying trimethylmethoxysilane(TMMOS)/tetraethoxy orthosilicate (TEOS) ratios by a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method at650 °C and atmospheric pressure. The membrane had a high H2 permeance of 8.3 × 10-7 mol m-2 s-1Pa-1 with H2/CH4 selectivity of 140 and H2/C2H6 selectivity of 180 at 300 °C. Fourier transforminfrared (FTIR) measurements indicated existence of methyl groups at high preparationtemperature (650 °C), which led to a higher hydrothermal stability of the TMMOS-derivedmembranes than of a pure TEOS-derived membrane. Temperature-dependence measurements ofthe permeance of various gas species were used to establish a permeation mechanism. It was foundthat smaller species (He, H2, and Ne) followed a solid-state diffusion model while larger species (N2,CO2, and CH4) followed a gas translational diffusion model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Mise
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8556, Japan; (Y.M.); (S.-J.A.); (A.T.); (R.K.)
| | - So-Jin Ahn
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8556, Japan; (Y.M.); (S.-J.A.); (A.T.); (R.K.)
| | - Atsushi Takagaki
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8556, Japan; (Y.M.); (S.-J.A.); (A.T.); (R.K.)
| | - Ryuji Kikuchi
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8556, Japan; (Y.M.); (S.-J.A.); (A.T.); (R.K.)
| | - Shigeo Ted Oyama
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8556, Japan; (Y.M.); (S.-J.A.); (A.T.); (R.K.)
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-5841-0712
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Nouri M, Ghasemzadeh K, Iulianelli A. Theoretical Evaluation of Graphene Membrane Performance for Hydrogen Separation Using Molecular Dynamic Simulation. Membranes (Basel) 2019; 9:E110. [PMID: 31461938 DOI: 10.3390/membranes9090110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The main purposes of this study are to evaluate the performance of graphene membranes in the separation/purification of hydrogen from nitrogen from a theoretical point of view using the molecular dynamic (MD) simulation method, and to present details about molecular mechanisms of selective gas diffusion through nanoscale pores of graphene membranes at the simulated set conditions. On the other hand, permeance and perm-selectivity are two significant parameters of such a membrane that can be controlled by several variables such as pressure gradient, pore density, pore layer angles etc. Hence, in this work, the hydrogen and nitrogen permeating fluxes as well as the H2/N2 ideal perm-selectivity are investigated from a theoretical point of view in a two-layer nanoporous graphene (NPG) membrane through classical MD simulations, wherein the effects of pressure gradient, pore density, and pore angle on the NPG membrane performance are evaluated and discussed. Simulation outcomes suggest that hydrogen and nitrogen permeating fluxes increase as a consequence of an increment of pressure gradient across the membrane and pore density.
Collapse
|
22
|
Pulyalina A, Polotskaya G, Rostovtseva V, Pientka Z, Toikka A. Improved Hydrogen Separation Using Hybrid Membrane Composed of Nanodiamonds and P84 Copolyimide. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E828. [PMID: 30960753 PMCID: PMC6404051 DOI: 10.3390/polym10080828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane gas separation is a prospective technology for hydrogen separation from various refinery and petrochemical process streams. To improve efficiency of gas separation, a novel hybrid membrane consisting of nanodiamonds and P84 copolyimide is developed. The particularities of the hybrid membrane structure, physicochemical, and gas transport properties were studied by comparison with that of pure P84 membrane. The gas permeability of H₂, CO₂, and CH₄ through the hybrid membrane is lower than through the unmodified membrane, whereas ideal selectivity in separation of H₂/CO₂, H₂/CH₄, and CO₂/CH₄ gas pairs is higher for the hybrid membrane. Correlation analysis of diffusion and solubility coefficients confirms the reliability of the gas permeability results. The position of P84/ND membrane is among the most selective membranes on the Robeson diagram for H₂/CH₄ gas pair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Pulyalina
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskiy pr. 26, 198504 Saint Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Galina Polotskaya
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskiy pr. 26, 198504 Saint Petersburg, Russia.
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoy pr. 31, 199004 Saint Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Valeriia Rostovtseva
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskiy pr. 26, 198504 Saint Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Zbynek Pientka
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovsky Sq. 2, 16206 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Alexander Toikka
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskiy pr. 26, 198504 Saint Petersburg, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Alique D, Martinez-Diaz D, Sanz R, Calles JA. Review of Supported Pd-Based Membranes Preparation by Electroless Plating for Ultra-Pure Hydrogen Production. Membranes (Basel) 2018; 8:E5. [PMID: 29360777 DOI: 10.3390/membranes8010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In the last years, hydrogen has been considered as a promising energy vector for the oncoming modification of the current energy sector, mainly based on fossil fuels. Hydrogen can be produced from water with no significant pollutant emissions but in the nearest future its production from different hydrocarbon raw materials by thermochemical processes seems to be more feasible. In any case, a mixture of gaseous compounds containing hydrogen is produced, so a further purification step is needed to purify the hydrogen up to required levels accordingly to the final application, i.e., PEM fuel cells. In this mean, membrane technology is one of the available separation options, providing an efficient solution at reasonable cost. Particularly, dense palladium-based membranes have been proposed as an ideal chance in hydrogen purification due to the nearly complete hydrogen selectivity (ideally 100%), high thermal stability and mechanical resistance. Moreover, these membranes can be used in a membrane reactor, offering the possibility to combine both the chemical reaction for hydrogen production and the purification step in a unique device. There are many papers in the literature regarding the preparation of Pd-based membranes, trying to improve the properties of these materials in terms of permeability, thermal and mechanical resistance, poisoning and cost-efficiency. In this review, the most relevant advances in the preparation of supported Pd-based membranes for hydrogen production in recent years are presented. The work is mainly focused in the incorporation of the hydrogen selective layer (palladium or palladium-based alloy) by the electroless plating, since it is one of the most promising alternatives for a real industrial application of these membranes. The information is organized in different sections including: (i) a general introduction; (ii) raw commercial and modified membrane supports; (iii) metal deposition insights by electroless-plating; (iv) trends in preparation of Pd-based alloys, and, finally; (v) some essential concluding remarks in addition to futures perspectives.
Collapse
|
24
|
Farjoo A, Kuznicki SM, Sadrzadeh M. Hydrogen Separation by Natural Zeolite Composite Membranes: Single and Multicomponent Gas Transport. Materials (Basel) 2017; 10:ma10101159. [PMID: 28984833 PMCID: PMC5666965 DOI: 10.3390/ma10101159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Single and multicomponent gas permeation tests were used to evaluate the performance of metal-supported clinoptilolite membranes. The efficiency of hydrogen separation from lower hydrocarbons (methane, ethane, and ethylene) was studied within the temperature and pressure ranges of 25-600 °C and 110-160 kPa, respectively. The hydrogen separation factor was found to reduce noticeably in the gas mixture compared with single gas experiments at 25 °C. The difference between the single and multicomponent gas results decreased as the temperature increased to higher than 300 °C, which is when the competitive adsorption-diffusion mechanism was replaced by Knudsen diffusion or activated diffusion mechanisms. To evaluate the effect of gas adsorption, the zeolite surface isotherms of each gas in the mixture were obtained from 25 °C to 600 °C. The results indicated negligible adsorption of individual gases at temperatures higher than 300 °C. Increasing the feed pressure resulted in a higher separation efficiency for the individual gases compared with the multicomponent mixture, due to the governing effect of the adsorptive mechanism. This study provides valuable insight into the application of natural zeolites for the separation of hydrogen from a mixture of hydrocarbons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Afrooz Farjoo
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, 12-372 Donadeo Innovation Center for Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada, (A.F.).
| | - Steve M Kuznicki
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, 12-372 Donadeo Innovation Center for Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada, (A.F.).
| | - Mohtada Sadrzadeh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, 10-367 Donadeo Innovation Center for Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Friebe S, Geppert B, Steinbach F, Caro J. Metal-Organic Framework UiO-66 Layer: A Highly Oriented Membrane with Good Selectivity and Hydrogen Permeance. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2017; 9:12878-12885. [PMID: 28319660 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b02105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The 3D metal-organic framework (MOF) structure UiO-66 [Zr6O4(OH)4(bdc)6], featuring triangular pores of approximately 6 Å, has been successfully prepared as a thin supported membrane layer with high crystallographic orientation on ceramic α-Al2O3 supports. The adhesion of the MOF layer to the ceramic support was investigated in different taxing conditions. Furthermore, by coating this UiO-66 membrane with a thin polyimide (Matrimid) top layer, we prepared a multilayer composite. Said membranes have been evaluated in the separation of hydrogen (H2) from different binary mixtures at room temperature. H2 as the smallest molecule (2.9 Å) should pass the UiO-66 membrane preferably since the kinetic diameters of all the other gases under study are larger. The gas mixture separation factors for the neat UiO-66 membrane were indeed found to be H2/CO2 = 5.1, H2/N2 = 4.7, H2/CH4 = 12.9, H2/C2H6 = 22.4, and H2/C3H8 = 28.5. The coating with Matrimid led to a sharp cutoff for gases with kinetic diameters greater than 3.7 Å, resulting in increased separation performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Friebe
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover , Callinstraße 3A, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Benjamin Geppert
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover , Callinstraße 3A, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Frank Steinbach
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover , Callinstraße 3A, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Jürgen Caro
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover , Callinstraße 3A, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Nayebossadri S, Speight JD, Book D. Pd-Cu-M (M = Y, Ti, Zr, V, Nb, and Ni) Alloys for the Hydrogen Separation Membrane. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2017; 9:2650-2661. [PMID: 27992165 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b12752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Self-supported fcc Pd-Cu-M (M = Y, Ti, Zr, V, Nb, and Ni) alloys were studied as potential hydrogen purification membranes. The effects of small additions (1-2.6 at. %) of these elements on the structure, hydrogen solubility, diffusivity, and permeability were examined. Structural analyses by X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed the fcc phase for all alloys with induced textures from cold rolling. Heat treatment at 650 °C for 96 h led to the reorientation in all alloys except the Pd-Cu-Zr alloy, exhibiting the possibility to enhance the structural stability by Zr addition. Hydrogen solubility was almost doubled in the ternary alloys containing Y and Zr compared to Pd65.1Cu34.9 alloy at 300 °C. It was noted that hydrogen diffusivity is decreased upon additions of these elements compared to the Pd65.1Cu34.9 alloy, with the Pd-Cu-Zr alloy showing the lowest hydrogen diffusivity. However, the comparable hydrogen permeability of the Pd-Cu-Zr alloy with the corresponding binary alloy, as well as its highest hydrogen permeability among the studied ternary alloys at temperatures higher than 300 °C, suggested that hydrogen permeation of these alloys within the fcc phase is mainly dominated by hydrogen solubility. Hydrogen flux variations of all ternary alloys were studied and compared with the Pd65.1Cu34.9 alloy under 1000 ppm of H2S + H2 feed gas. Pd-Cu-Zr alloy showed superior resistance to the sulfur poisoning probably due to the less favorable H2S-surface interaction and more importantly slower rate of bulk sulfidation as a result of improved structural stability upon Zr addition. Therefore, Pd-Cu-Zr alloys may offer new potential hydrogen purification membranes with improved chemical stability and hydrogen permeation compared to the binary fcc Pd-Cu alloys.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shahrouz Nayebossadri
- School of Metallurgy and Materials, University of Birmingham , Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K
| | - John D Speight
- School of Metallurgy and Materials, University of Birmingham , Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K
| | - David Book
- School of Metallurgy and Materials, University of Birmingham , Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Zhu L, Xue Q, Li X, Jin Y, Zheng H, Wu T, Guo Q. Theoretical Prediction of Hydrogen Separation Performance of Two-Dimensional Carbon Network of Fused Pentagon. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2015; 7:28502-28507. [PMID: 26632974 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b09648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Using the van-der-Waals-corrected density functional theory (DFT) and molecular dynamic (MD) simulations, we theoretically predict the H2 separation performance of a new two-dimensional sp(2) carbon allotropes-fused pentagon network. The DFT calculations demonstrate that the fused pentagon network with proper pore sizes presents a surmountable energy barrier (0.18 eV) for H2 molecule passing through. Furthermore, the fused pentagon network shows an exceptionally high selectivity for H2/gas (CO, CH4, CO2, N2, et al.) at 300 and 450 K. Besides, using MD simulations we demonstrate that the fused pentagon network exhibits a H2 permeance of 4 × 10(7) GPU at 450 K, which is much higher than the value (20 GPU) in the current industrial applications. With high selectivity and excellent permeability, the fused pentagon network should be an excellent candidate for H2 separation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and ‡College of Science, China University of Petroleum , Qingdao 266580, Shandong P. R. China
| | - Qingzhong Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and ‡College of Science, China University of Petroleum , Qingdao 266580, Shandong P. R. China
| | - Xiaofang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and ‡College of Science, China University of Petroleum , Qingdao 266580, Shandong P. R. China
| | - Yakang Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and ‡College of Science, China University of Petroleum , Qingdao 266580, Shandong P. R. China
| | - Haixia Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and ‡College of Science, China University of Petroleum , Qingdao 266580, Shandong P. R. China
| | - Tiantian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and ‡College of Science, China University of Petroleum , Qingdao 266580, Shandong P. R. China
| | - Qikai Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and ‡College of Science, China University of Petroleum , Qingdao 266580, Shandong P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
Addition of Ag is a promising way to enhance the H2 permeability of sulfur-tolerant PdCu membranes for cleanup of coal-derived hydrogen. We investigated a series of PdCuAg membranes with at least 70 atom % Pd to elucidate the interdependence between alloy structure and H2 permeability. Membranes were prepared via sequential electroless plating of Pd, Ag, and Cu onto ceramic microfiltration membranes and subsequent alloying at elevated temperatures. Alloy formation was complicated by a wide miscibility gap in the PdCuAg phase diagram at the practically feasible operation temperatures. X-ray diffraction showed that the lattice constants of the fully alloyed ternary alloys obey Vegard's law closely. In general, H2 permeation rates increased with increasing Ag and decreasing Cu content of the membranes in the investigated temperature range. Detailed examination of the permeation kinetics revealed compensation between activation energy and pre-exponential factor of the corresponding H2 permeation laws. The origin of this effect is discussed. Further analysis showed that the activation energy for H2 permeation decreases overall with increasing lattice constant of the ternary alloy. The combination of these correlations results in a structure-function relationship that will facilitate rational design of PdCuAg membranes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingfang Zhao
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Zhongshan Road 457, 116023 Dalian, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Das JK, Das N. Mercaptoundecanoic acid capped palladium nanoparticles in a SAPO 34 membrane: a solution for enhancement of H₂/CO₂ separation efficiency. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2014; 6:20717-20728. [PMID: 25353317 DOI: 10.1021/am5045345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the high quality Pd/SAPO 34 membranes were grown on the support using a secondary (seeded) growth hydrothermal technique followed by insertion of 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid capped palladium (MUA-Pd) nanoparticles (NPs) to the membrane surface. For this, first, the indigenous low cost clay-alumina support was treated with poly diallyldimethylammonium chloride (PolyDADMAC) polymer, and subsequently, a seed layer of SAPO 34 crystals was deposited homogeneously in a regular orientation. Since PolyDADMAC is a high charge density cationic polymer, it assisted in reversing the charge of the support surface and produced an attractive electrostatic interaction between the support and zeolite crystals. This may facilitate the zeolite grain orientation in the synthesized membrane layer. Here, the Pd NPs were deposited in the membrane matrix by a simple dip-coating method. After thermal treatment of the Pd/SAPO 34 membrane, the defects were formed because of the removal of the structure-directing agent (SDA) from the zeolite pores but the presence of Pd NPs, which were entrapped inside the nonzeolitic pores and clogged the defects of the membrane. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and elemental mapping of the membrane cross-section confirmed that most of the Pd NPs were deposited at the interface of the membrane and the support layer which may increase the membrane efficiency, i.e., separation factor, as well as permeability of H2 through the membrane. As the membrane structure was associated with the oriented crystal, the pores were more aligned and permeation adequacy of H2 through the membrane enhanced. These membranes have a relative hydrogen permeance of 14.8 × 10(-7) mol·m(-2)·s(-1)·Pa(-1). The selectivity of H2/CO2 based on single gas permeation was 10.6, but for the mixture gas (H2/CO2 55:45), the H2/CO2 mixture separation factor increased up to 20.8 at room temperature. It is anticipated that this technique may be useful for making a defect free membrane and also a hydrogen selective Pd loaded membrane with lower cost (as the quantity of Pd is low) which can be utilized for a "clean energy" related application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jugal Kishore Das
- Ceramic Membrane Division, Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research , 196 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, West Bengal 700 032, India
| | | |
Collapse
|