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Zeng P, Wang H, Zhang P, Leung SSY. Unearthing naturally-occurring cyclic antibacterial peptides and their structural optimization strategies. Biotechnol Adv 2024; 73:108371. [PMID: 38704105 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2024.108371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Natural products with antibacterial activity are highly desired globally to combat against multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. Antibacterial peptide (ABP), especially cyclic ABP (CABP), is one of the abundant classes. Most of them were isolated from microbes, demonstrating excellent bactericidal effects. With the improved proteolytic stability, CABPs are normally considered to have better druggability than linear peptides. However, most clinically-used CABP-based antibiotics, such as colistin, also face the challenges of drug resistance soon after they reached the market, urgently requiring the development of next-generation succedaneums. We present here a detail review on the novel naturally-occurring CABPs discovered in the past decade and some of them are under clinical trials, exhibiting anticipated application potential. According to their chemical structures, they were broadly classified into five groups, including (i) lactam/lactone-based CABPs, (ii) cyclic lipopeptides, (iii) glycopeptides, (iv) cyclic sulfur-rich peptides and (v) multiple-modified CABPs. Their chemical structures, antibacterial spectrums and proposed mechanisms are discussed. Moreover, engineered analogs of these novel CABPs are also summarized to preliminarily analyze their structure-activity relationship. This review aims to provide a global perspective on research and development of novel CABPs to highlight the effectiveness of derivatives design in identifying promising antibacterial agents. Further research efforts in this area are believed to play important roles in fighting against the multidrug-resistance crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zeng
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Honglan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Sharon Shui Yee Leung
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.
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2
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Kumar G, Engle K. Natural products acting against S. aureus through membrane and cell wall disruption. Nat Prod Rep 2023; 40:1608-1646. [PMID: 37326041 DOI: 10.1039/d2np00084a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Covering: 2015 to 2022Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is responsible for several community and hospital-acquired infections with life-threatening complications such as bacteraemia, endocarditis, meningitis, liver abscess, and spinal cord epidural abscess. In recent decades, the abuse and misuse of antibiotics in humans, animals, plants, and fungi and the treatment of nonmicrobial diseases have led to the rapid emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens. The bacterial wall is a complex structure consisting of the cell membrane, peptidoglycan cell wall, and various associated polymers. The enzymes involved in bacterial cell wall synthesis are established antibiotic targets and continue to be a central focus for antibiotic development. Natural products play a vital role in drug discovery and development. Importantly, natural products provide a starting point for active/lead compounds that sometimes need modification based on structural and biological properties to meet the drug criteria. Notably, microorganisms and plant metabolites have contributed as antibiotics for noninfectious diseases. In this study, we have summarized the recent advances in understanding the activity of the drugs or agents of natural origin that directly inhibit the bacterial membrane, membrane components, and membrane biosynthetic enzymes by targeting membrane-embedded proteins. We also discussed the unique aspects of the active mechanisms of established antibiotics or new agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautam Kumar
- Department of Natural Products, Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Balanagar, 500037, India.
| | - Kritika Engle
- Department of Natural Products, Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Balanagar, 500037, India.
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3
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Mazumdar R, Saikia K, Thakur D. Potentiality of Actinomycetia Prevalent in Selected Forest Ecosystems in Assam, India to Combat Multi-Drug-Resistant Microbial Pathogens. Metabolites 2023; 13:911. [PMID: 37623855 PMCID: PMC10456813 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13080911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Actinomycetia are known for their ability to produce a wide range of bioactive secondary metabolites having significant therapeutic importance. This study aimed to explore the potential of actinomycetia as a source of bioactive compounds with antimicrobial properties against multi-drug-resistant (MDR) clinical pathogens. A total of 65 actinomycetia were isolated from two unexplored forest ecosystems, namely the Pobitora Wildlife Sanctuary (PWS) and the Deepor Beel Wildlife Sanctuary (DBWS), located in the Indo-Burma mega-biodiversity hotspots of northeast India, out of which 19 isolates exhibited significant antimicrobial activity. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used for the identification and phylogenetic analysis of the 19 potent actinomycetia isolates. The results reveal that the most dominant genus among the isolates was Streptomyces (84.21%), followed by rare actinomycetia genera such as Nocardia, Actinomadura, and Nonomuraea. Furthermore, seventeen of the isolates tested positive for at least one antibiotic biosynthetic gene, specifically type II polyketide synthase (PKS-II) and nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs). These genes are associated with the production of bioactive compounds with antimicrobial properties. Among the isolated strains, three actinomycetia strains, namely Streptomyces sp. PBR1, Streptomyces sp. PBR36, and Streptomyces sp. DBR11, demonstrated the most potent antimicrobial activity against seven test pathogens. This was determined through in vitro antimicrobial bioassays and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of ethyl acetate extracts. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GS-MS) and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of the three strains revealed a diverse group of bioactive compounds and secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters (smBGCs), respectively, indicating their high therapeutic potential. These findings highlight the potential of these microorganisms to serve as a valuable resource for the discovery and development of novel antibiotics and other therapeutics with high therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajkumari Mazumdar
- Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology (IASST), Guwahati 781035, India;
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Cotton University, Guwahati 781001, India
| | - Kangkon Saikia
- Bioinformatics Infrastructure Facility, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati 781035, India;
| | - Debajit Thakur
- Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology (IASST), Guwahati 781035, India;
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4
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Kumar G, C A. Natural products and their analogues acting against Mycobacterium tuberculosis: A recent update. Drug Dev Res 2023; 84:779-804. [PMID: 37086027 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.22063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the deadliest infectious diseases caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb). It is responsible for significant causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. M.tb possesses robust defense mechanisms against most antibiotic drugs and host responses due to their complex cell membranes with unique lipid molecules. Thus, the efficacy of existing front-line drugs is diminishing, and new and recurring cases of TB arising from multidrug-resistant M.tb are increasing. TB begs the scientific community to explore novel therapeutic avenues. A precise knowledge of the compounds with their mode of action could aid in developing new anti-TB agents that can kill latent and actively multiplying M.tb. This can help in the shortening of the anti-TB regimen and can improve the outcome of treatment strategies. Natural products have contributed several antibiotics for TB treatment. The sources of anti-TB drugs/inhibitors discussed in this work are target-based identification/cell-based and phenotypic screening from natural products. Some of the recently identified natural products derived leads have reached clinical stages of TB drug development, which include rifapentine, CPZEN-45, spectinamide-1599 and 1810. We believe these anti-TB agents could emerge as superior therapeutic compounds to treat TB over known Food and Drug Administration drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautam Kumar
- Department of Natural Products, Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Amrutha C
- Department of Natural Products, Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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5
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Qi YK, Tang X, Wei NN, Pang CJ, Du SS, Wang KW. Discovery, synthesis, and optimization of teixobactin, a novel antibiotic without detectable bacterial resistance. J Pept Sci 2022; 28:e3428. [PMID: 35610021 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Discovering new antibiotics with novel chemical scaffolds and antibacterial mechanisms presents a challenge for medicinal scientists worldwide as the ever-increasing bacterial resistance poses a serious threat to human health. A new cyclic peptide-based antibiotic termed teixobactin was discovered from a screen of uncultured soil bacteria through iChip technology in 2015. Teixobactin exhibits excellent antibacterial activity against all the tested gram-positive pathogens and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, including drug-resistant strains. Given that teixobactin targets the highly conserved lipid II and lipid III, which induces the simultaneous inhibition of both peptidoglycan and teichoic acid synthesis, the emergence of resistance is considered to be rather difficult. The novel structure, potent antibacterial activity, and highly conservative targets make teixobactin a promising lead compound for further antibiotic development. This review provides a comprehensive treatise on the advances of teixobactin in the areas of discovery processes, antibacterial activity, mechanisms of action, chemical synthesis, and structural optimizations. The synthetic methods for the key building block l-allo-End, natural teixobactin, representative teixobactin analogues, as well as the structure-activity relationship studies will be highlighted and discussed in details. Finally, some insights into new trends for the generation of novel teixobactin analogues and tips for future work and directions will be commented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Kun Qi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Institute of Innovative Drugs, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,State Key Laboratory Base for Eco-Chemical Engineering in College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaowen Tang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ning-Ning Wei
- Institute of Innovative Drugs, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Cheng-Jian Pang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shan-Shan Du
- State Key Laboratory Base for Eco-Chemical Engineering in College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Ke Wei Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Institute of Innovative Drugs, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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6
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Cui X, Lü Y, Yue C. Development and Research Progress of Anti-Drug Resistant Bacteria Drugs. Infect Drug Resist 2022; 14:5575-5593. [PMID: 34992385 PMCID: PMC8711564 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s338987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial resistance has become increasingly serious because of the widespread use and abuse of antibiotics. In particular, the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria has posed a serious threat to human public health and attracted the attention of the World Health Organization (WHO) and the governments of various countries. Therefore, the establishment of measures against bacterial resistance and the discovery of new antibacterial drugs are increasingly urgent to better contain the emergence of bacterial resistance and provide a reference for the development of new antibacterial drugs. In this review, we discuss some antibiotic drugs that have been approved for clinical use and a partial summary of the meaningful research results of anti-drug resistant bacterial drugs in different fields, including the antibiotic drugs approved by the FDA from 2015 to 2020, the potential drugs against drug-resistant bacteria, the new molecules synthesized by chemical modification, combination therapy, drug repurposing, immunotherapy and other therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyi Cui
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Drugs Innovation and Transformation of Yan'an, School of Basic Medicine, Yan'an University, Yan'an, 716000, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhong Lü
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Drugs Innovation and Transformation of Yan'an, School of Basic Medicine, Yan'an University, Yan'an, 716000, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.,Shaanxi Engineering & Technological Research Center for Conversation & Utilization of Regional Biological Resources, Yan'an University, Yan'an, 716000, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Changwu Yue
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Drugs Innovation and Transformation of Yan'an, School of Basic Medicine, Yan'an University, Yan'an, 716000, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.,Shaanxi Engineering & Technological Research Center for Conversation & Utilization of Regional Biological Resources, Yan'an University, Yan'an, 716000, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
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7
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Alam K, Islam MM, Gong K, Abbasi MN, Li R, Zhang Y, Li A. In silico genome mining of potential novel biosynthetic gene clusters for drug discovery from Burkholderia bacteria. Comput Biol Med 2022; 140:105046. [PMID: 34864585 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.105046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
As an emerging resource, Gram-negative Burkholderia bacteria were able to produce a wide range of bioactive secondary metabolites with potential therapeutic and biotechnological applications. Genome mining has emerged as an influential platform for screening and pinpointing natural product diversity with the increasing number of Burkholderia genome sequences. Here, for genome mining of potential biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) and prioritizing prolific producing Burkholderia strains, we investigated the relationship between species evolution and distribution of main BGC groups using computational analysis of complete genome sequences of 248 Burkholderia species publicly available. We uncovered significantly differential distribution patterns of BGCs in the Burkholderia phyla, even among strains that are genetically very similar. We found various types of BGCs in Burkholderia, including some representative and most common BGCs for biosynthesis of encrypted or known terpenes, non-ribosomal peptides (NRPs) and some hybrid BGCs for cryptic products. We also observed that Burkholderia contain a lot of unspecified BGCs, representing high potentials to produce novel compounds. Analysis of BGCs for RiPPs (Ribosomally synthesized and posttranslationally modified peptides) and a texobactin-like BGC as examples showed wide classification and diversity of RiPP BGCs in Burkholderia at species level and metabolite predication. In conclusion, as the biggest investigation in silico by far on BGCs of the particular genus Burkholderia, our data implied a great diversity of natural products in Burkholderia and BGC distributions closely related to phylogenetic variation, and suggested different or concurrent strategies used to identify new drug molecules from these microorganisms will be important for the selection of potential BGCs and prolific producing strains for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khorshed Alam
- Helmholtz International Lab for Anti-Infectives, Shandong University-Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, PR China.
| | - Md Mahmudul Islam
- Department of Microbiology, Rajshahi Institute of Biosciences (RIB), Affi. University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6212, Bangladesh.
| | - Kai Gong
- Helmholtz International Lab for Anti-Infectives, Shandong University-Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, PR China.
| | - Muhammad Nazeer Abbasi
- Helmholtz International Lab for Anti-Infectives, Shandong University-Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, PR China.
| | - Ruijuan Li
- Helmholtz International Lab for Anti-Infectives, Shandong University-Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, PR China.
| | - Youming Zhang
- Helmholtz International Lab for Anti-Infectives, Shandong University-Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, PR China.
| | - Aiying Li
- Helmholtz International Lab for Anti-Infectives, Shandong University-Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, PR China.
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8
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Li C, Alam K, Zhao Y, Hao J, Yang Q, Zhang Y, Li R, Li A. Mining and Biosynthesis of Bioactive Lanthipeptides From Microorganisms. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:692466. [PMID: 34395400 PMCID: PMC8358304 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.692466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is one of the most serious public health issues in the worldwide and only a few new antimicrobial drugs have been discovered in recent decades. To overcome the ever-increasing emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens, discovery of new natural products (NPs) against MDR pathogens with new technologies is in great demands. Lanthipeptides which are ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs) display high diversity in their chemical structures and mechanisms of action. Genome mining and biosynthetic engineering have also yielded new lanthipeptides, which are a valuable source of drug candidates. In this review we cover the recent advances in the field of microbial derived lanthipeptide discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiyun Li
- Helmholtz International Lab for Anti-infectives, Shandong University-Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Khorshed Alam
- Helmholtz International Lab for Anti-infectives, Shandong University-Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yiming Zhao
- Helmholtz International Lab for Anti-infectives, Shandong University-Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jinfang Hao
- Helmholtz International Lab for Anti-infectives, Shandong University-Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Youming Zhang
- Helmholtz International Lab for Anti-infectives, Shandong University-Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ruijuan Li
- Helmholtz International Lab for Anti-infectives, Shandong University-Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Aiying Li
- Helmholtz International Lab for Anti-infectives, Shandong University-Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
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9
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Cyclofaulknamycin with the Rare Amino Acid D-capreomycidine Isolated from a Well-Characterized Streptomyces albus Strain. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9081609. [PMID: 34442689 PMCID: PMC8399532 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9081609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted genome mining is an efficient method of biosynthetic gene cluster prioritization within constantly growing genome databases. Using two capreomycidine biosynthesis genes, alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent arginine beta-hydroxylase and pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase, we identified two types of clusters: one type containing both genes involved in the biosynthesis of the abovementioned moiety, and other clusters including only arginine hydroxylase. Detailed analysis of one of the clusters, the flk cluster from Streptomyces albus, led to the identification of a cyclic peptide that contains a rare D-capreomycidine moiety for the first time. The absence of the pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase gene in the flk cluster is compensated by the XNR_1347 gene in the S. albus genome, whose product is responsible for biosynthesis of the abovementioned nonproteinogenic amino acid. Herein, we report the structure of cyclofaulknamycin and the characteristics of its biosynthetic gene cluster, biosynthesis and bioactivity profile.
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10
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Munteanu AC, Uivarosi V. Ruthenium Complexes in the Fight against Pathogenic Microorganisms. An Extensive Review. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:874. [PMID: 34199283 PMCID: PMC8232020 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13060874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The widespread use of antibiotics has resulted in the emergence of drug-resistant populations of microorganisms. Clearly, one can see the need to develop new, more effective, antimicrobial agents that go beyond the explored 'chemical space'. In this regard, their unique modes of action (e.g., reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, redox activation, ligand exchange, depletion of substrates involved in vital cellular processes) render metal complexes as promising drug candidates. Several Ru (II/III) complexes have been included in, or are currently undergoing, clinical trials as anticancer agents. Based on the in-depth knowledge of their chemical properties and biological behavior, the interest in developing new ruthenium compounds as antibiotic, antifungal, antiparasitic, or antiviral drugs has risen. This review will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of Ru (II/III) frameworks as antimicrobial agents. Some aspects regarding the relationship between their chemical structure and mechanism of action, cellular localization, and/or metabolism of the ruthenium complexes in bacterial and eukaryotic cells are discussed as well. Regarding the antiviral activity, in light of current events related to the Covid-19 pandemic, the Ru (II/III) compounds used against SARS-CoV-2 (e.g., BOLD-100) are also reviewed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra-Cristina Munteanu
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Valentina Uivarosi
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
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11
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Alonzo DA, Schmeing TM. Biosynthesis of depsipeptides, or Depsi: The peptides with varied generations. Protein Sci 2020; 29:2316-2347. [PMID: 33073901 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Depsipeptides are compounds that contain both ester bonds and amide bonds. Important natural product depsipeptides include the piscicide antimycin, the K+ ionophores cereulide and valinomycin, the anticancer agent cryptophycin, and the antimicrobial kutzneride. Furthermore, database searches return hundreds of uncharacterized systems likely to produce novel depsipeptides. These compounds are made by specialized nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs). NRPSs are biosynthetic megaenzymes that use a module architecture and multi-step catalytic cycle to assemble monomer substrates into peptides, or in the case of specialized depsipeptide synthetases, depsipeptides. Two NRPS domains, the condensation domain and the thioesterase domain, catalyze ester bond formation, and ester bonds are introduced into depsipeptides in several different ways. The two most common occur during cyclization, in a reaction between a hydroxy-containing side chain and the C-terminal amino acid residue in a peptide intermediate, and during incorporation into the growing peptide chain of an α-hydroxy acyl moiety, recruited either by direct selection of an α-hydroxy acid substrate or by selection of an α-keto acid substrate that is reduced in situ. In this article, we discuss how and when these esters are introduced during depsipeptide synthesis, survey notable depsipeptide synthetases, and review insight into bacterial depsipeptide synthetases recently gained from structural studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego A Alonzo
- Department of Biochemistry and Centre de Recherche en Biologie Structurale, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - T Martin Schmeing
- Department of Biochemistry and Centre de Recherche en Biologie Structurale, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
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12
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Lawrence WS, Peel JE, Sivasubramani SK, Baze WB, Whorton EB, Beasley DWC, Comer JE, Hughes DE, Ling LL, Peterson JW. Teixobactin Provides Protection against Inhalation Anthrax in the Rabbit Model. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9090773. [PMID: 32971758 PMCID: PMC7558628 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9090773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of antibiotics is a vital means of treating infections caused by the bacteria Bacillus (B.) anthracis. Importantly, with the potential future use of multidrug-resistant strains of B. anthracis as bioweapons, new antibiotics are needed as alternative therapeutics. In this blinded study, we assessed the protective efficacy of teixobactin, a recently discovered antibiotic, against inhalation anthrax infection in the adult rabbit model. New Zealand White rabbits were infected with a lethal dose of B. anthracis Ames spores via the inhalation route, and blood samples were collected at various times to assess antigenemia, bacteremia, tissue bacterial load, and antibody production. Treatments were administered upon detection of B. anthracis protective antigen in the animals’ sera. For comparison, a fully protective dose of levofloxacin was used as a positive control. Rabbits treated with teixobactin showed 100% survival following infection, and the bacteremia was completely resolved by 24–48 h post-treatment. In addition, the bacterial/spore loads in tissues of the animals treated with teixobactin were either zero or dramatically less relative to that of the negative control animals. Moreover, microscopic evaluation of the tissues revealed decreased pathology following treatment with teixobactin. Overall, these results show that teixobactin was protective against inhalation anthrax infection in the rabbit model, and they indicate the potential of teixobactin as a therapeutic for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- William S. Lawrence
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; (J.E.P.); (D.W.C.B.); (J.E.C.); (J.W.P.)
- Institute for Human Infections & Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-409-266-6919
| | - Jennifer E. Peel
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; (J.E.P.); (D.W.C.B.); (J.E.C.); (J.W.P.)
| | - Satheesh K. Sivasubramani
- Directorate of Environmental Health Effects Laboratory, Naval Medical Research Unit, Dayton, OH 45433, USA;
| | - Wallace B. Baze
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, TX 78602, USA;
| | - Elbert B. Whorton
- Institute for Human Infections & Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA;
| | - David W. C. Beasley
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; (J.E.P.); (D.W.C.B.); (J.E.C.); (J.W.P.)
- Institutional Office of Regulated Nonclinical Studies, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Jason E. Comer
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; (J.E.P.); (D.W.C.B.); (J.E.C.); (J.W.P.)
- Institutional Office of Regulated Nonclinical Studies, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Dallas E. Hughes
- NovoBiotic Pharmaceuticals, LLC, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; (D.E.H.); (L.L.L.)
| | - Losee L. Ling
- NovoBiotic Pharmaceuticals, LLC, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; (D.E.H.); (L.L.L.)
| | - Johnny W. Peterson
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; (J.E.P.); (D.W.C.B.); (J.E.C.); (J.W.P.)
- Institute for Human Infections & Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA;
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13
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Mimicry of a Non-ribosomally Produced Antimicrobial, Brevicidine, by Ribosomal Synthesis and Post-translational Modification. Cell Chem Biol 2020; 27:1262-1271.e4. [PMID: 32707039 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2020.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The group of bacterial non-ribosomally produced peptides (NRPs) forms a rich source of antibiotics, such as daptomycin, vancomycin, and teixobactin. The difficulty of functionally expressing and engineering the corresponding large biosynthetic complexes is a bottleneck in developing variants of such peptides. Here, we apply a strategy to synthesize mimics of the recently discovered antimicrobial NRP brevicidine. We mimicked the molecular structure of brevicidine by ribosomally synthesized, post-translationally modified peptide (RiPP) synthesis, introducing several relevant modifications, such as dehydration and thioether ring formation. Following this strategy, in two rounds peptides were engineered in vivo, which showed antibacterial activity against Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria susceptible to wild-type brevicidine. This study demonstrates the feasibility of a strategy to structurally and functionally mimic NRPs by employing the synthesis and post-translational modifications typical for RiPPs. This enables the future generation of large genetically encoded peptide libraries of NRP-mimicking structures to screen for antimicrobial activity against relevant pathogens.
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14
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Gunjal VB, Thakare R, Chopra S, Reddy DS. Teixobactin: A Paving Stone toward a New Class of Antibiotics? J Med Chem 2020; 63:12171-12195. [PMID: 32520557 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a serious threat to human health worldwide, prompting research efforts on a massive scale in search of novel antibiotics to fill an urgent need for a remedy. Teixobactin, a macrocyclic depsipeptide natural product, isolated from uncultured bacteria (Eleftheria terrae), displayed potent activity against several Gram-positive pathogenic bacteria. The distinct pharmacological profile and interesting structural features of teixobactin with nonstandard amino acid (three d-amino acids and l-allo-enduracididine) residues attracted several research groups to work on this target molecule in search of novel antibiotics with new mechanism. Herein, we present a comprehensive and critical perspective on immense possibilities offered by teixobactin in the domain of drug discovery. Efforts made by various research groups since its isolation are discussed, highlighting the molecule's considerable potential with special emphasis on replacement of amino acids. Critical analysis of synthetic efforts, SAR studies, and the way forward are provided hereunder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidya B Gunjal
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Ritesh Thakare
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Janakipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sidharth Chopra
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.,CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Janakipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - D Srinivasa Reddy
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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15
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The Killing Mechanism of Teixobactin against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus: an Untargeted Metabolomics Study. mSystems 2020; 5:5/3/e00077-20. [PMID: 32457238 PMCID: PMC7253363 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00077-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is one of the greatest threats to the global health system. It is imperative that new anti-infective therapeutics be developed against problematic “superbugs.” The cyclic depsipeptide teixobactin holds much promise as a new class of antibiotics for highly resistant Gram-positive pathogens (e.g., methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus [MRSA]). Understanding its molecular mechanism(s) of action could lead to the design of new compounds with a broader activity spectrum. Here, we describe the first metabolomics study to investigate the killing mechanism(s) of teixobactin against MRSA. Our findings revealed that teixobactin significantly disorganized the bacterial cell envelope, as reflected by a profound perturbation in the bacterial membrane lipids and cell wall biosynthesis (peptidoglycan and teichoic acid). Importantly, teixobactin significantly suppressed the main intermediate d-alanyl-d-lactate involved in the mechanism of vancomycin resistance in S. aureus. These novel results help explain the unique mechanism of action of teixobactin and its lack of cross-resistance with vancomycin. Antibiotics have served humankind through their use in modern medicine as effective treatments for otherwise fatal bacterial infections. Teixobactin is a first member of newly discovered natural antibiotics that was recently identified from a hitherto-unculturable soil bacterium, Eleftheria terrae, and recognized as a potent antibacterial agent against various Gram-positive bacteria, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant enterococci. The most distinctive characteristic of teixobactin as an effective antibiotic is that teixobactin resistance could not be evolved in a laboratory setting. It is purported that teixobactin’s “resistance-resistant” mechanism of action includes binding to the essential bacterial cell wall synthesis building blocks lipid II and lipid III. In the present study, metabolomics was used to investigate the potential metabolic pathways involved in the mechanisms of antibacterial activity of the synthetic teixobactin analogue Leu10-teixobactin against a MRSA strain, S. aureus ATCC 700699. The metabolomes of S. aureus ATCC 700699 cells 1, 3, and 6 h following treatment with Leu10-teixobactin (0.5 μg/ml, i.e., 0.5× MIC) were compared to those of the untreated controls. Leu10-teixobactin significantly perturbed bacterial membrane lipids (glycerophospholipids and fatty acids), peptidoglycan (lipid I and II) metabolism, and cell wall teichoic acid (lipid III) biosynthesis as early as after 1 h of treatment, reflecting an initial activity on the cell envelope. Concordant with its time-dependent antibacterial killing action, Leu10-teixobactin caused more perturbations in the levels of key intermediates in pathways of amino-sugar and nucleotide-sugar metabolism and their downstream peptidoglycan and teichoic acid biosynthesis at 3 and 6 h. Significant perturbations in arginine metabolism and the interrelated tricarboxylic acid cycle, histidine metabolism, pantothenate, and coenzyme A biosynthesis were also observed at 3 and 6 h. To conclude, this is the first study to provide novel metabolomics mechanistic information, which lends support to the development of teixobactin as an antibacterial drug for the treatment of multidrug-resistant Gram-positive infections. IMPORTANCE Antimicrobial resistance is one of the greatest threats to the global health system. It is imperative that new anti-infective therapeutics be developed against problematic “superbugs.” The cyclic depsipeptide teixobactin holds much promise as a new class of antibiotics for highly resistant Gram-positive pathogens (e.g., methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus [MRSA]). Understanding its molecular mechanism(s) of action could lead to the design of new compounds with a broader activity spectrum. Here, we describe the first metabolomics study to investigate the killing mechanism(s) of teixobactin against MRSA. Our findings revealed that teixobactin significantly disorganized the bacterial cell envelope, as reflected by a profound perturbation in the bacterial membrane lipids and cell wall biosynthesis (peptidoglycan and teichoic acid). Importantly, teixobactin significantly suppressed the main intermediate d-alanyl-d-lactate involved in the mechanism of vancomycin resistance in S. aureus. These novel results help explain the unique mechanism of action of teixobactin and its lack of cross-resistance with vancomycin.
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16
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New perspectives on the treatment of mycobacterial infections using antibiotics. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:4197-4209. [PMID: 32185432 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10513-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
More than 100 years have passed since the discovery of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, in 1882, as the pathogen that causes tuberculosis (TB). However, globally, TB is still one of the leading causes of death by infectious diseases. In 2018, approximately 10.0 million people were diagnosed with TB owing to the development of advanced strategies by M. tuberculosis to resist antibiotics, including the development of a dormant state. The World Health Organization (WHO) and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are dedicated to ending TB by 2030. However, the development of strategies to discover new TB drugs and new therapies is crucial for the achievement of this goal. Unfortunately, the rapid occurrence of multidrug-resistant strains of M. tuberculosis has worsened the current situation, thereby warranting prioritized discovery of new anti-TB drugs and the development of new treatment regimens in academia and the pharmaceutical industry. In this mini review, we provide a brief overview of the current research and development pipeline for new anti-TB drugs and present our perspective of TB drug innovation. The data presented herein may enable the introduction of more effective medicines and therapeutic regimens into the market.Key Points• The Updated Global New TB Drug Pipelines are briefly summarized.• Novel strategies for the discovery of new TB drugs, including novel sources, bioinformatics, and synthetic biology strategies, are discussed.• New therapeutic options, including living therapeutics and phage therapy, are proposed.
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17
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Karas JA, Chen F, Schneider-Futschik EK, Kang Z, Hussein M, Swarbrick J, Hoyer D, Giltrap AM, Payne RJ, Li J, Velkov T. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of teixobactin. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2019; 1459:86-105. [PMID: 31792983 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of antibiotics has led to the effective treatment of bacterial infections that were otherwise fatal and has had a transformative effect on modern medicine. Teixobactin is an unusual depsipeptide natural product that was recently discovered from a previously unculturable soil bacterium and found to possess potent antibacterial activity against several Gram positive pathogens, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant Enterococci. One of the key features of teixobactin as an antibiotic lead is that resistance could not be generated in a laboratory setting. This is proposed to be a result of a mechanism of action that involves binding to essential cell wall synthesis building blocks, lipid II and lipid III. Since the initial isolation report in 2015, significant efforts have been made to understand its unique mechanism of action, develop efficient synthetic routes for its production, and thus enable the generation of analogues for structure-activity relationship studies and optimization of its pharmacological properties. Our review provides a comprehensive treatise on the progress in understanding teixobactin chemistry, structure-activity relationships, and mechanisms of antibacterial activity. Teixobactin represents an exciting starting point for the development of new antibiotics that can be used to combat multidrug-resistant bacterial ("superbug") infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Karas
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, the University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Fan Chen
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, the University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elena K Schneider-Futschik
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, the University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Lung Health Research Centre, Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, the University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Zhisen Kang
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, the University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Maytham Hussein
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, the University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - James Swarbrick
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, the University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Daniel Hoyer
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, the University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, the University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Molecular Medicine, the Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Andrew M Giltrap
- School of Chemistry, the University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Richard J Payne
- School of Chemistry, the University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jian Li
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tony Velkov
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, the University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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18
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19
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20
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Velkov T, Swarbrick JD, Hussein MH, Schneider-Futschik EK, Hoyer D, Li J, Karas JA. The impact of backbone N-methylation on the structure-activity relationship of Leu 10 -teixobactin. J Pept Sci 2019; 25:e3206. [PMID: 31389086 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a serious threat to global human health; therefore, new anti-infective therapeutics are required. The cyclic depsi-peptide teixobactin exhibits potent antimicrobial activity against several Gram-positive pathogens. To study the natural product's mechanism of action and improve its pharmacological properties, efficient chemical methods for preparing teixobactin analogues are required to expedite structure-activity relationship studies. Described herein is a synthetic route that enables rapid access to analogues. Furthermore, our new N-methylated analogues highlight that hydrogen bonding along the N-terminal tail is likely to be important for antimicrobial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Velkov
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - James D Swarbrick
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Maytham H Hussein
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elena K Schneider-Futschik
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Lung Health Research Centre, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Daniel Hoyer
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Jian Li
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - John A Karas
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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21
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Gram-scale total synthesis of teixobactin promoting binding mode study and discovery of more potent antibiotics. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3268. [PMID: 31332172 PMCID: PMC6646333 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11211-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Teixobactin represents a new class of antibiotics with novel structure and excellent activity against Gram-positive pathogens and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Herein, we report a one-pot reaction to conveniently construct the key building block L-allo-Enduracidine in 30-gram scale in just one hour and a convergent strategy (3 + 2 + 6) to accomplish a gram-scale total synthesis of teixobactin. Several analogs are described, with 20 and 26 identified as the most efficacious analogs with 3~8-fold and 2~4-fold greater potency against vancomycin resistant Enterococcus faecalis and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus respectively in comparison with teixobactin. In addition, they show high efficiency in Streptococcus pneumoniae septicemia mouse model and neutropenic mouse thigh infection model using methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. We also propose that the antiparallel β-sheet of teixobactin is important for its bioactivity and an antiparallel dimer of teixobactin is the minimal binding unit for lipid II via key amino acids variations and molecular docking.
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22
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Wencewicz TA. Crossroads of Antibiotic Resistance and Biosynthesis. J Mol Biol 2019; 431:3370-3399. [PMID: 31288031 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The biosynthesis of antibiotics and self-protection mechanisms employed by antibiotic producers are an integral part of the growing antibiotic resistance threat. The origins of clinically relevant antibiotic resistance genes found in human pathogens have been traced to ancient microbial producers of antibiotics in natural environments. Widespread and frequent antibiotic use amplifies environmental pools of antibiotic resistance genes and increases the likelihood for the selection of a resistance event in human pathogens. This perspective will provide an overview of the origins of antibiotic resistance to highlight the crossroads of antibiotic biosynthesis and producer self-protection that result in clinically relevant resistance mechanisms. Some case studies of synergistic antibiotic combinations, adjuvants, and hybrid antibiotics will also be presented to show how native antibiotic producers manage the emergence of antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy A Wencewicz
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
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23
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24
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Varela MF, Kumar S. Strategies for discovery of new molecular targets for anti-infective drugs. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2019; 48:57-68. [PMID: 31146204 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2019.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug resistant bacterial pathogens as causative agents of infectious disease are a primary public health concern. Clinical efficacy of antimicrobial chemotherapy toward bacterial infection has been compromised in cases where causative agents are resistant to multiple structurally distinct antimicrobial agents. Modification of extant antimicrobial agents that exploit conventional bacterial targets have been developed since the advent of the antimicrobial era. This approach, while successful in certain cases, nonetheless suffers overall from the costs of development and rapid emergence of bacterial variants with confounding resistances to modified agents. Thus, additional strategies toward discovery of new molecular targets have been developed based on bioinformatics analyses and comparative genomics. These and other strategies meant to identify new molecular targets represent promising avenues for reducing emergence of bacterial infections. This short review considers these strategies for discovery of new molecular targets within bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel F Varela
- Department of Biology, Eastern New Mexico University, Portales, NM 88130, USA.
| | - Sanath Kumar
- Post Harvest Technology, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Seven Bungalows, Andheri (W), Mumbai, 400016, India
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25
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Gao B, Chen S, Hou YN, Zhao YJ, Ye T, Xu Z. Solution-phase total synthesis of teixobactin. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:1141-1153. [PMID: 30638238 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob02803f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The first solution-phase total synthesis of the cyclic depsipeptide teixobactin is described. Stereoselective construction of l-allo-enduracididine was established, and the protective groups for the peptide coupling reactions and conditions for the assembly of the fragments were also optimised. The longest linear sequence for the total synthesis was 20 steps from the known l-cis-4-hydroxyproline derivative and gave a 5.6% overall yield. This solution-phase total synthesis could serve as a complement to the current solid-phase synthesis of teixobactin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, and Engineering Laboratory for Chiral Drug Synthesis, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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26
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Rosés C, Camó C, Oliveras À, Moll L, López N, Feliu L, Planas M. Total Solid-Phase Synthesis of Dehydroxy Fengycin Derivatives. J Org Chem 2018; 83:15297-15311. [PMID: 30525634 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A rapid and efficient solid-phase strategy for the synthesis of dehydroxy fengycins derivatives is described. This synthetic approach involved the linkage of a Tyr to a Wang resin via a Mitsunobu reaction and the elongation of the peptide sequence followed by subsequent acylation of the N-terminus of the resulting linear peptidyl resin, esterification of the phenol group of a Tyr with an Ile, and final macrolactamization. The amino acid composition as well as the presence of the N-terminal acyl group significantly influenced the stability of the macrolactone. Cyclic lipodepsipeptides with a l-Tyr3/d-Tyr9 configuration were more stable than those containing the Tyr residues with an opposite configuration. This work constitutes the first approach on the total solid-phase synthesis of dehydroxy fengycin derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Rosés
- LIPPSO, Department of Chemistry , University of Girona , Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69 , 17003 Girona , Spain
| | - Cristina Camó
- LIPPSO, Department of Chemistry , University of Girona , Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69 , 17003 Girona , Spain
| | - Àngel Oliveras
- LIPPSO, Department of Chemistry , University of Girona , Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69 , 17003 Girona , Spain
| | - Lluis Moll
- LIPPSO, Department of Chemistry , University of Girona , Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69 , 17003 Girona , Spain
| | - Nerea López
- LIPPSO, Department of Chemistry , University of Girona , Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69 , 17003 Girona , Spain
| | - Lidia Feliu
- LIPPSO, Department of Chemistry , University of Girona , Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69 , 17003 Girona , Spain
| | - Marta Planas
- LIPPSO, Department of Chemistry , University of Girona , Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69 , 17003 Girona , Spain
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27
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Konaklieva MI. Addressing Antimicrobial Resistance through New Medicinal and Synthetic Chemistry Strategies. SLAS DISCOVERY 2018; 24:419-439. [PMID: 30523713 DOI: 10.1177/2472555218812657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Over the past century, a multitude of derivatives of structural scaffolds with established antimicrobial potential have been prepared and tested, and a variety of new scaffolds have emerged. The effectiveness of antibiotics, however, is in sharp decline because of the emergence of drug-resistant microorganisms. The prevalence of drug resistance, both in clinical and community settings, is a consequence of bacterial ingenuity in altering pathways and/or cell morphology, making it a persistent threat to human health. The fundamental ability of pathogens to survive in a multitude of habitats can be triggered by recognition of chemical signals that warn organisms of exposure to a potentially harmful environment. Host immune defenses, including reactive oxygen intermediates and antibacterial substances, are among the multitude of chemical signals that can subsequently trigger expression of phenotypes better adapted for survival in that hostile environment. Thus, resistance development appears to be unavoidable, which leads to the conclusion that developing an alternative perspective for treatment options is vital. This review will discuss emerging medicinal chemistry approaches for addressing the global multidrug resistance in the 21st century.
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28
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Ng V, Kuehne SA, Chan WC. Rational Design and Synthesis of Modified Teixobactin Analogues: In Vitro Antibacterial Activity against Staphylococcus aureus
, Propionibacterium acnes
and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Chemistry 2018; 24:9136-9147. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Ng
- School of Pharmacy; Centre for Biomolecular Sciences; University of Nottingham; University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD United Kingdom
| | - Sarah A. Kuehne
- School of Dentistry; Institute for Microbiology and Infection; University of Birmingham; Birmingham B5 7EG United Kingdom
| | - Weng C. Chan
- School of Pharmacy; Centre for Biomolecular Sciences; University of Nottingham; University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD United Kingdom
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29
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Girt GC, Mahindra A, Al Jabri ZJH, De Ste Croix M, Oggioni MR, Jamieson AG. Lipopeptidomimetics derived from teixobactin have potent antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:2767-2770. [PMID: 29484340 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc06093a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of lipopeptidomimetics derived from teixobactin have been prepared that probe the role of residues (1-6) as a membrane anchor and the function of enduracididine. The most active compounds, with a farnesyl tail and End10 to Lys10 or Orn10 substitution have potent activity (MIC 8 μg mL-1) against S. aureus. These results pave the way for the synthesis of simple, cost-effective yet potent lipopeptidomimetic antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina C Girt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leicester, University Road, LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Amit Mahindra
- School of Chemistry, University Avenue, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
| | - Zaaima J H Al Jabri
- Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, University Road, LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Megan De Ste Croix
- Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, University Road, LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Marco R Oggioni
- Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, University Road, LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Andrew G Jamieson
- School of Chemistry, University Avenue, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
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30
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Mandalapu D, Ji X, Chen J, Guo C, Liu WQ, Ding W, Zhou J, Zhang Q. Thioesterase-Mediated Synthesis of Teixobactin Analogues: Mechanism and Substrate Specificity. J Org Chem 2018; 83:7271-7275. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Xinjian Ji
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jinfeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chuchu Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Wan-Qiu Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Wei Ding
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jiahai Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
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