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Sumii Y, Shibata N. Current State of Microflow Trifluoromethylation Reactions. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202300117. [PMID: 37309300 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The trifluoromethyl group is a powerful structural motif in drugs and polymers; thus, developing trifluoromethylation reactions is an important area of research in organic chemistry. Over the past few decades, significant progress has been made in developing new methods for the trifluoromethylation of organic molecules, ranging from nucleophilic and electrophilic approaches to transition-metal catalysis, photocatalysis, and electrolytic reactions. While these reactions were initially developed in batch systems, more recent microflow versions are highly attractive for industrial applications owing to their scalability, safety, and time efficiency. In this review, we discuss the current state of microflow trifluoromethylation. Approaches for microflow trifluoromethylation based on different trifluoromethylation reagents are described, including continuous flow, flow photochemical, microfluidic electrochemical reactions, and large-scale microflow reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Sumii
- Department of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, 466-8555, Japan
| | - Norio Shibata
- Department of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, 466-8555, Japan
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, 466-8555, Japan
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2
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Pan S, Xie Q, Wang X, Wang Q, Ni C, Hu J. Copper-mediated pentafluoroethylation of organoboronates and terminal alkynes with TMSCF 3. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:5156-5159. [PMID: 35384949 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc00975g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The TMSCF3-derived CuCF2CF3 species has been successfully applied in pentafluoroethylation of organoboronates and terminal alkynes. By using 1,10-phenanthroline as a ligand, a broad range of (hetero)arylboronates and alkenylboronates were smoothly pentafluoroethylated under aerobic conditions. Furthermore, terminal alkynes can undergo aerobic cross-coupling with the TMSCF3-derived CuCF2CF3 species in the absence of additional ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shitao Pan
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Qiqiang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Xiu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Qian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Chuanfa Ni
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Jinbo Hu
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Ono M, Sumii Y, Fujihira Y, Kagawa T, Mimura H, Shibata N. Pentafluoroethylation of Carbonyl Compounds Using HFC-125 in a Flow Microreactor System. J Org Chem 2021; 86:14044-14053. [PMID: 34060312 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The protocol of micro-flow nucleophilic pentafluoroethylation using pentafluoroethane (HC2F5, HFC-125), a nontoxic, inexpensive, and commercially available greenhouse gas, is described. The micro-flow pentafluoroethylation by HFC-125 proceeded smoothly at room temperature or at -10 °C in DMF or toluene in the presence of a potassium base, namely, t-BuOK or KHMDS. A broad range of ketones, aldehydes, and chalcones with various substituted benzene rings were successfully converted to the corresponding pentafluoroethyl carbinols instantly with good to high yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Ono
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-Ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Yuji Sumii
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-Ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Yamato Fujihira
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-Ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Takumi Kagawa
- Tosoh Finechem Corporation, 4988, Kaiseicho, Shunan 746-0006, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Mimura
- Tosoh Finechem Corporation, 4988, Kaiseicho, Shunan 746-0006, Japan
| | - Norio Shibata
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-Ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan.,Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-Ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan.,Institute of Advanced Fluorine-Containing Materials, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Avenue, 321004 Jinhua, China
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Fujihira Y, Hirano K, Ono M, Mimura H, Kagawa T, Sedgwick DM, Fustero S, Shibata N. Pentafluoroethylation of Carbonyl Compounds by HFC-125 via the Encapsulation of the K Cation with Glymes. J Org Chem 2021; 86:5883-5893. [PMID: 33779181 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A simple protocol to overcome the explosive pentafluoroethylation of carbonyl compounds by HFC-125 is described. The use of potassium (K) bases with triglyme or tetraglyme as a solvent safely yields the pentafluoroethylation products in good to high yields. The experimental results suggest that an encapsulation of the K cation by glymes as K(glyme)2 inhibits the contact between the K cation and the reactive anionic pentafluoroethyl counterion, preventing their transformation into KF and explosive tetrafluoroethylene (TFE). The generation of sterically demanding [K(G3)2]+ and [K(G4)2]+ is an effective way as an unstable pentafluoroethyl anion reservoir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamato Fujihira
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Kazuki Hirano
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Makoto Ono
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Mimura
- Tosoh Finechem Corporation, 4988, Kaiseicho, Shunan 746-0006, Japan
| | - Takumi Kagawa
- Tosoh Finechem Corporation, 4988, Kaiseicho, Shunan 746-0006, Japan
| | - Daniel M Sedgwick
- Departmento de Química Orgánica, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Santos Fustero
- Departmento de Química Orgánica, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Norio Shibata
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan.,Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan.,Institute of Advanced Fluorine-Containing Materials, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Avenue, 321004 Jinhua, China
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Holtkamp P, Friedrich F, Stratmann E, Mix A, Neumann B, Stammler H, Mitzel NW. A Neutral Geminal Tin/Phosphorus Frustrated Lewis Pair. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:5114-5118. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201901037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Holtkamp
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, and Centrum für Molekulare Materialien CM2Fakultät für ChemieUniversität Bielefeld Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Felix Friedrich
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, and Centrum für Molekulare Materialien CM2Fakultät für ChemieUniversität Bielefeld Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Erik Stratmann
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, and Centrum für Molekulare Materialien CM2Fakultät für ChemieUniversität Bielefeld Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Andreas Mix
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, and Centrum für Molekulare Materialien CM2Fakultät für ChemieUniversität Bielefeld Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Beate Neumann
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, and Centrum für Molekulare Materialien CM2Fakultät für ChemieUniversität Bielefeld Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Hans‐Georg Stammler
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, and Centrum für Molekulare Materialien CM2Fakultät für ChemieUniversität Bielefeld Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Norbert W. Mitzel
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, and Centrum für Molekulare Materialien CM2Fakultät für ChemieUniversität Bielefeld Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
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Holtkamp P, Friedrich F, Stratmann E, Mix A, Neumann B, Stammler H, Mitzel NW. Ein neutrales geminales frustriertes Zinn/Phosphor‐Lewis‐Paar. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201901037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Holtkamp
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie und Centrum für Molekulare Materialien CM2Fakultät für ChemieUniversität Bielefeld Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Deutschland
| | - Felix Friedrich
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie und Centrum für Molekulare Materialien CM2Fakultät für ChemieUniversität Bielefeld Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Deutschland
| | - Erik Stratmann
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie und Centrum für Molekulare Materialien CM2Fakultät für ChemieUniversität Bielefeld Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Deutschland
| | - Andreas Mix
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie und Centrum für Molekulare Materialien CM2Fakultät für ChemieUniversität Bielefeld Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Deutschland
| | - Beate Neumann
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie und Centrum für Molekulare Materialien CM2Fakultät für ChemieUniversität Bielefeld Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Deutschland
| | - Hans‐Georg Stammler
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie und Centrum für Molekulare Materialien CM2Fakultät für ChemieUniversität Bielefeld Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Deutschland
| | - Norbert W. Mitzel
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie und Centrum für Molekulare Materialien CM2Fakultät für ChemieUniversität Bielefeld Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Deutschland
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Klösener J, Wiesemann M, Neumann B, Stammler H, Hoge B. Hypercoordinated Fluoro(pentafluoroethyl)stannanes and ‐stannates. Eur J Inorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201800795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Klösener
- Centrum für Molekulare Materialien Fakultät für Chemie Universität Bielefeld Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Markus Wiesemann
- Centrum für Molekulare Materialien Fakultät für Chemie Universität Bielefeld Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Beate Neumann
- Centrum für Molekulare Materialien Fakultät für Chemie Universität Bielefeld Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Hans‐Georg Stammler
- Centrum für Molekulare Materialien Fakultät für Chemie Universität Bielefeld Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Berthold Hoge
- Centrum für Molekulare Materialien Fakultät für Chemie Universität Bielefeld Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
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Wiesemann M, Hoge B. Pentafluoroethylated Compounds of Silicon, Germanium and Tin. Chemistry 2018; 24:16457-16471. [PMID: 29722451 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In this contribution we present an account on pentafluoroethylated compounds of silicon, germanium and tin. The pronounced electron-withdrawing effect of the pentafluoroethyl group leads to a markedly increased Lewis acidity at the central atom which results in the stabilization of hypervalent complexes, anionic element(II) species as well as remarkable reactivities of element-element and element-hydrogen bonds. By addition to unsaturated C-C bonds or by reaction with organic halides as well as transition-metal complexes the molecules bearing a pentafluoroethyl-element group are readily accessible. Moreover, the utilization of pentafluoroethyl groups facilitates the formation of donor-stabilized germylenes and stannylenes. A series of such compounds serves as suitable pentafluoroethylation reagents. Conversely to the well-studied trifluoromethyl derivatives these compounds frequently exhibit a higher thermostability, which allows a more convenient handling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Wiesemann
- Centrum für Molekulare Materialien, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Berthold Hoge
- Centrum für Molekulare Materialien, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
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Wiesemann M, Klösener J, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Hoge B. The Dynamic Equilibrium of Hexakis(pentafluoroethyl)distannane Adducts [XSn(C 2 F 5 ) 3 {Sn(C 2 F 5 ) 3 }] - (X=Cl, Br, I, Sn(C 2 F 5 ) 3 ). Chemistry 2018; 24:4336-4342. [PMID: 29240270 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201705069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The tin-tin bond cleavage of hexaorganodistannanes by nucleophiles is a long-known reaction and widely used for stannate formation or stannyl group transfer. Herein, we detail our experiments to provide analytical evidence for the existence of the reasonably stable anionic complexes [XSn(C2 F5 )3 {Sn(C2 F5 )3 }]- (X=Cl, Br, I, Sn(C2 F5 )3 ) derived from hexakis(pentafluoroethyl)distannane. NMR investigations at low temperature lend further mechanistic insights. Thus, by detection of the imposing ion [Sn(C2 F5 )3 {Sn(C2 F5 )3 }2 ]- , one can surmise that the chemistry of Sn2 (C2 F5 )6 has more in common with the isolobal iodine than with classical distannanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Wiesemann
- Centrum für Molekulare Materialien, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Johannes Klösener
- Centrum für Molekulare Materialien, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Beate Neumann
- Centrum für Molekulare Materialien, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Stammler
- Centrum für Molekulare Materialien, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Berthold Hoge
- Centrum für Molekulare Materialien, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
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