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Yang Y, Jiang P, Li H, Li W, Li D, Yan X, Zhu X, Ye D, Yang Y, Wang H, Chen R, Liao Q. Photothermal-Driven Droplet Manipulation: A Perspective. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:8877-8895. [PMID: 39171577 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c01977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Optofluidics, which utilizes the interactions between light and fluids to realize various functions, has garnered increasing attention owing to the advantages of operational simplicity, exceptional flexibility, rapid response, etc. As one of the typical light-fluid interactions, the localized photothermal effect serving as a stimulus has been widely used for fluid manipulation. Particularly, significant progress on photothermal-driven droplet manipulation has been made. In this perspective, recent advancements in localized photothermal effect driven droplet manipulation are summarized. First, the photothermal manipulation of droplets on open surfaces is outlined. An attractive droplet manipulation of light droplet levitation above the gas-liquid interface via localized photothermal effect is then discussed. Besides, the photothermal-driven manipulation of droplets in an immiscible liquid phase is also discussed. Although promising, further development of photothermal-driven droplet manipulation is still needed. The challenges and perspectives of this light droplet manipulation strategy for broad implementation are summarized, which will help future studies and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400030, China
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Pengcheng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400030, China
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Haonan Li
- Institute of Laser Manufacturing, Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou 450046, P. R. China
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400030, China
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Dongliang Li
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400030, China
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Xiao Yan
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400030, China
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Xun Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400030, China
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Dingding Ye
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400030, China
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400030, China
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400030, China
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Rong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400030, China
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Qiang Liao
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400030, China
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
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2
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Archer RJ, Ebbens SJ, Kubodera Y, Matsuo M, Nomura SIM. Menthyl acetate powered self-propelled Janus sponge Marangoni motors with self-maintaining surface tension gradients and active mixing. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 678:11-19. [PMID: 39236350 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.08.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 08/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Small scale Marangoni motors, which self-generate motion by inducing surface tension gradients on water interfaces through release of surface-active "fuels", have recently been proposed as self-powered mixing devices for low volume fluids. Such devices however, often show self-limiting lifespans due to the rapid saturation of surface-active agents. A potential solution to this is the use volatile surface-active agents which do not persist in their environment. Here we investigate menthyl acetate (MA) as a safe, inexpensive and non-persistent fuel for Marangoni motors. EXPERIMENTS MA was loaded asymmetrically into millimeter scale silicone sponges. Menthyl acetate reacts slowly with water to produce the volatile surface-active menthol, which induces surface tension gradients across the sponge to drive motion by the Marangoni effect. Videos were taken and trajectories determined by custom software. Mixing was assessed by the ability of Marangoni motors to homogenize milliliter scale aqueous solutions containing colloidal sediments. FINDINGS Marangoni motors, loaded with asymmetric "Janus" distributions of menthyl acetate show velocities and rotational speeds up to 30 mm s-1 and 500 RPM respectively, with their functional lifetimes scaling linearly with fuel volume. We show these devices are capable of enhanced mixing of solutions at orders of magnitude greater rates than diffusion alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Archer
- Molecular Robotics Laboratory, Department of Robotics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan.
| | - Stephen J Ebbens
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK
| | - Yujin Kubodera
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Muneyuki Matsuo
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan; Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Meguro City, Tokyo 153-0041, Japan.
| | - Shin-Ichiro M Nomura
- Molecular Robotics Laboratory, Department of Robotics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan.
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3
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Holstein LR, Suematsu NJ, Takeuchi M, Harano K, Banno T, Takai A. Reduction-Induced Self-Propelled Oscillatory Motion of Perylenediimides on Water. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202410671. [PMID: 39083634 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202410671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
The emergence of macroscopic self-propelled oscillatory motion based on molecular design has attracted continual attention in relation to autonomous systems in living organisms. Herein, a series of perylenediimides (PDIs) with various imide side chains was prepared to explore the impact of molecular design and alignment on the self-propelled motion at the air-water interface. When placed on an aqueous solution containing a reductant, a solid disk of neutral PDI was reduced to form the water-soluble, surface-active PDI dianion species, which induces a surface tension gradient in the vicinity of the disk for self-propelled motion. We found that centimeter-scale oscillatory motion could be elicited by controlling the supply rate of PDI dianion species through the reductant concentration and the structure of the imide side chains. Furthermore, we found that the onset and speed of the self-propelled motion could be changed by the crystallinity of PDI at the water surface. This design principle using π-conjugated molecules and their self-assemblies could advance self-propelled, non-equilibrium systems powered by chemical energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Rae Holstein
- Molecular Design and Function Group, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0047, Japan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko J Suematsu
- School of Interdisciplinary Mathematical Sciences; Graduate School of Advanced Mathematical Sciences, Meiji Institute for Advanced Study of Mathematical Sciences (MIMS), Meiji University, 4-21-1, Nakano, Tokyo, 164-8525, Japan
| | - Masayuki Takeuchi
- Molecular Design and Function Group, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0047, Japan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
| | - Koji Harano
- Center for Basic Research on Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Taisuke Banno
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Atsuro Takai
- Molecular Design and Function Group, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0047, Japan
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4
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Fujita R, Matsuo M, Nakata S. Self-propelled object that generates a boundary with amphiphiles at an air/aqueous interface. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 663:329-335. [PMID: 38402826 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.02.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
A benzoic acid (BA) disk was investigated as a novel self-propelled object whose driving force was the difference in surface tension. 4-Stearoyl amidobenzoic acid (SABA) was synthesized as an amphiphile to control the nature of motion based on intermolecular interactions between BA and SABA. The BA disk exhibited characteristic motion depending on the surface density of the SABA on the aqueous phase, that is, reciprocating motion as a one-dimensional motion and restricted and unrestricted motion as a two-dimensional motion. The trajectory of the reciprocating motion was determined by the initial direction of motion, and the boundary between an aqueous surface and the BA-SABA condensed molecular layer was used as the field's boundary. The presented results indicate that the characteristic nature of motion can be designed at the molecular level based on the intermolecular interactions between an energy-source molecule and an amphiphile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risa Fujita
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Muneyuki Matsuo
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan; Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nakata
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan.
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5
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Zhu W, Knoll P, Steinbock O. Exploring the Synthesis of Self-Organization and Active Motion. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:5476-5487. [PMID: 38748082 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c01031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
Proteins, genetic material, and membranes are fundamental to all known organisms, yet these components alone do not constitute life. Life emerges from the dynamic processes of self-organization, assembly, and active motion, suggesting the existence of similar artificial systems. Against this backdrop, our Perspective explores a variety of chemical phenomena illustrating how nonequilibrium self-organization and micromotors contribute to life-like behavior and functionalities. After explaining key terms, we discuss specific examples including enzymatic motion, diffusiophoretic and bubble-driven self-propulsion, pattern-forming reaction-diffusion systems, self-assembling inorganic aggregates, and hierarchically emergent phenomena. We also provide a roadmap for combining self-organization and active motion and discuss possible outcomes through biological analogs. We suggest that this research direction, deeply rooted in physical chemistry, offers opportunities for further development with broad impacts on related sciences and technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
| | - Pamela Knoll
- UK Centre for Astrobiology, School of Physics and Astronomy, Institute for Condensed Matter and Complex Systems, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, U.K
| | - Oliver Steinbock
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
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6
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Zero EN, Crespi VH. Emergence of inertia in the low-Reynolds regime of self-diffusiophoretic motion. Phys Rev E 2024; 109:054602. [PMID: 38907454 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.109.054602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
For isotropic swimming particles driven by self-diffusiophoresis at zero Reynolds number (where particle velocity responds instantaneously to applied force), the diffusive timescale of emitted solute can produce an emergent quasi-inertial behavior. These particles can orbit in a central potential and reorient under second-order dynamics, not the first-order dynamics of classical zero-Reynolds motion. They are described by a simple effective model that embeds their history-dependent behavior as an effective inertia, this being the most primitive expression of memory. The system can be parameterized with dynamic quantities such as particle size and swimming speed, without detailed knowledge of the diffusiophoretic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmy N Zero
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Vincent H Crespi
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
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7
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Yoshikai M, Matsuo M, Suematsu NJ, Nishimori H, Nakata S. Can self-propelled objects escape from compression stimulation? SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:3458-3463. [PMID: 38567457 DOI: 10.1039/d4sm00288a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
We studied circular papers impregnated with camphor (CPs) and CPs with magnets (MCPs) as self-propelled objects floating on water under the compression of the water surface as an inanimate system for evacuation in an emergency. Two water chambers-Cin and Cout-were connected via a plastic gate, and eight CPs or eight MCPs were placed on Cin. We monitored the movement of the CPs or MCPs from Cin to Cout when the gate was opened and the area of Cin (Ain) was decreased using a barrier. When Ain was large, CPs moved stochastically from Cin to Cout while exhibiting random motion. The escape probability from Cin to Cout (P) at time t = 20 s increased with a decrease in Ain, and the rate of increase in P increased depending on the width of the gate (Wg). By contrast, clustering was observed for MCPs. Consequently, P of MCPs was lower than that of CPs. The difference in the surface tension between Cin and Cout (Δγ) increased with a decrease in Ain. P is discussed in relation to Δγ as the driving force for emergencies and the repulsive forces between CPs or attractive forces between MCPs. These results suggest that the repulsive force enhances the self-propulsion of objects towards the gate, that is, as a result, higher values of P are obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Yoshikai
- Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan.
| | - Muneyuki Matsuo
- Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan.
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko J Suematsu
- Meiji Institute for Advanced Study of Mathematical Sciences (MIMS), Meiji University, 4-21-1 Nakano, Nakano-ku, Tokyo 164-8525, Japan
- Graduate School of Advanced Mathematical Sciences, Meiji University, 4-21-1 Nakano, Nakano-ku, Tokyo 164-8525, Japan
| | - Hiraku Nishimori
- Meiji Institute for Advanced Study of Mathematical Sciences (MIMS), Meiji University, 4-21-1 Nakano, Nakano-ku, Tokyo 164-8525, Japan
- Graduate School of Advanced Mathematical Sciences, Meiji University, 4-21-1 Nakano, Nakano-ku, Tokyo 164-8525, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nakata
- Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan.
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8
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Hua E, Gao J, Xu Y, Matsuo M, Nakata S. Self-propelled motion controlled by ionic liquids. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:8488-8493. [PMID: 38411193 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp05630a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
We studied the self-propulsion of a camphor disk floating on a water surface using two types of ionic liquids (hexylammonium-trifluoroacetate (HHexam-TFA) and hexylethylenediaminium-trifluoroacetate (HHexen-TFA)). Bifurcation between continuous, oscillatory, and no motion was observed depending on the concentration of the ionic liquid. The bifurcation concentration between oscillatory and no motion for HHexam-TFA was lower than that for HHexen-TFA. The different bifurcation concentrations are discussed in relation to the surface tension and Fourier transform infrared spectra of the mixtures of camphor and ionic liquids. These results suggest that the interaction between the ionic liquid molecules at the air/water interface is weakened by the addition of camphor molecules and the features of self-propulsion vary due to the change in the driving force.
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Affiliation(s)
- Er Hua
- Chemical Science and Engineering College, Key Laboratory of Chemical Technology of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, North Minzu University, 204 Wenchang North Street, Xixia District, Yinchuan City, Ningxia 750021, China.
| | - Jun Gao
- Chemical Science and Engineering College, Key Laboratory of Chemical Technology of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, North Minzu University, 204 Wenchang North Street, Xixia District, Yinchuan City, Ningxia 750021, China.
| | - Yu Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Chang'an Campus 1 Dongxiang Road, Chang'an District, Xi'an Shaanxi 710129, China
| | - Muneyuki Matsuo
- Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan.
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nakata
- Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan.
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9
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Fujino T, Matsuo M, Pimienta V, Nakata S. Oscillatory Motion of an Organic Droplet Reflecting a Reaction Scheme. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:9279-9284. [PMID: 37815116 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
An organic droplet containing thymol acetate (TA) floating on a sodium dodecyl sulfate aqueous phase was examined to develop a novel self-propelled object based on reaction kinetics. Two types of oscillatory motion, without back-and-forth motion (Osc I) and with back-and-forth motion (Osc II), were observed by varying the pH of the aqueous phase. The oscillation frequency reached its maximum at pH 9.6, coinciding with the occurrence of Osc II. The kinetics of the hydrolysis of TA as a reactant and the acid-base equilibrium between thymol (TOH) and the thymolate ion (TO-) as products were evaluated experimentally. The driving force of motion was discussed on the basis of the interfacial tension. The pH dependence of the oscillation frequency and the selection of Osc I or II were attributed to the equilibrium between the TOH and TO-. These results highlight the possibility of designing self-propulsion systems by considering reaction kinetics and chemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Fujino
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Muneyuki Matsuo
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Véronique Pimienta
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5623, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Satoshi Nakata
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
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10
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Dixit S, Chotalia A, Shukla S, Roy T, Parmananda P. Pathway selection by an active droplet. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:6844-6850. [PMID: 37655779 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm00610g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
We report the movement of an active 1-pentanol drop within a closed Y-shaped channel subjected to geometrical and chemical asymmetry. A Y-shaped channel was configured with an angle of 120° between any two arms, which serves as the closed area of movement for the active drop. The arm where the 1-pentanol drop is introduced in the beginning is considered the source arm, and the center of the Y-shaped structure is the decision region. The drop always selects a specific route to move away from the decision region. The total probability of pathway selection excludes the possibility of the drop choosing the source channel. Remarkably, the active drop exhibits a strong sense of navigation for both geometrically and chemically asymmetric environments with accuracy rates of 80% and 100%, respectively. The pathway selection in a chemically asymmetric channel is a demonstration of the artificial negative chemotaxis, where the extra confined drop acts as a chemo-repellent. To develop a better understanding of our observations, a numerical model is constructed, wherein the particle is subjected to a net force which is a combined form of - (i) Yukawa-like repulsive interaction force (acting between the drop and the walls), (ii) a self-propulsion force, (iii) a drag, and (iv) a stochastic force. The numerics can capture all the experimental findings both qualitatively and quantitatively. Finally, a statistical analysis validates conclusions derived from both experiments and numerics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Dixit
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400 076, India.
| | - Aarsh Chotalia
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400 076, India.
| | - Shantanu Shukla
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400 076, India
| | - Tanushree Roy
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400 076, India.
| | - P Parmananda
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400 076, India.
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11
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Mikami T, Wakita D, Kobayashi R, Ishiguro A, Kano T. Elongating, entwining, and dragging: mechanism for adaptive locomotion of tubificine worm blobs in a confined environment. Front Neurorobot 2023; 17:1207374. [PMID: 37706011 PMCID: PMC10495593 DOI: 10.3389/fnbot.2023.1207374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Worms often aggregate through physical connections and exhibit remarkable functions such as efficient migration, survival under environmental changes, and defense against predators. In particular, entangled blobs demonstrate versatile behaviors for their survival; they form spherical blobs and migrate collectively by flexibly changing their shape in response to the environment. In contrast to previous studies on the collective behavior of worm blobs that focused on locomotion in a flat environment, we investigated the mechanisms underlying their adaptive motion in confined environments, focusing on tubificine worm collectives. We first performed several behavioral experiments to observe the aggregation process, collective response to aversive stimuli, the motion of a few worms, and blob motion in confined spaces with and without pegs. We found the blob deformed and passed through a narrow passage using environmental heterogeneities. Based on these behavioral findings, we constructed a simple two-dimensional agent-based model wherein the flexible body of a worm was described as a cross-shaped agent that could deform, rotate, and translate. The simulations demonstrated that the behavioral findings were well-reproduced. Our findings aid in understanding how physical interactions contribute to generating adaptive collective behaviors in real-world environments as well as in designing novel swarm robotic systems consisting of soft agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taishi Mikami
- Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Daiki Wakita
- Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ryo Kobayashi
- Program of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Japan
| | - Akio Ishiguro
- Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kano
- Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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12
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Song SW, Lee S, Choe JK, Lee AC, Shin K, Kang J, Kim G, Yeom H, Choi Y, Kwon S, Kim J. Pen-drawn Marangoni swimmer. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3597. [PMID: 37328461 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39186-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Pen-drawing is an intuitive, convenient, and creative fabrication method for delivering emergent and adaptive design to real devices. To demonstrate the application of pen-drawing to robot construction, we developed pen-drawn Marangoni swimmers that perform complex programmed tasks using a simple and accessible manufacturing process. By simply drawing on substrates using ink-based Marangoni fuel, the swimmers demonstrate advanced robotic motions such as polygon and star-shaped trajectories, and navigate through maze. The versatility of pen-drawing allows the integration of the swimmers with time-varying substrates, enabling multi-step motion tasks such as cargo delivery and return to the original place. We believe that our pen-based approach will significantly expand the potential applications of miniaturized swimming robots and provide new opportunities for simple robotic implementations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo Woo Song
- Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
- Basic Science and Engineering Initiative, Children's Heart Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Sumin Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Meteor Biotech, Co. Ltd., Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jun Kyu Choe
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Amos Chungwon Lee
- Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Meteor Biotech, Co. Ltd., Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyoungseob Shin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Junwon Kang
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Gyeongjun Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Huiran Yeom
- Division of Data Science, College of Information and Communication Technology, The University of Suwon, Hwaseong, South Korea
| | - Yeongjae Choi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Sunghoon Kwon
- Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
- Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
| | - Jiyun Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, South Korea.
- Center for Multidimensional Programmable Matter, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, South Korea.
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13
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Matsuo M, Ejima K, Nakata S. Recursively positive and negative chemotaxis coupling with reaction kinetics in self-organized inanimate motion. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 639:324-332. [PMID: 36805757 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Reconstructing recursive chemotaxis in inanimate self-propelled objects is inevitable in the development of recursively and autonomously artificial mass transport systems. However, the fabrication of inanimately recursive chemotaxis has been extremely challenging because of the difficulty in introducing competitive positive and negative feedback into an inanimate self-propelled object. Herein, a coumarin derivative (coumarin, 4-methylcoumarin (4-MC), or 6-methylcoumarin (6-MC))-based disk floated on water as a self-propelled object exhibited characteristic features of motion; these features include continuous motion, repetition between positive and negative chemotaxis to the Na3PO4 powder as a base stimulus, and oscillatory motion above the Na3PO4 powder depending on the Na3PO4 density of the powder and the functional group of coumarin derivatives. The mechanism of the characteristic features of motion to the base stimulus is discussed in relation to the surface tension of the coumarin derivatives as the driving force of motion and the reaction rate of the hydrolysis between coumarin derivatives and OH- obtained from Na3PO4. This study suggests a novel avenue for developing a recursive chemotactic system coupled with reaction kinetics in self-organized motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muneyuki Matsuo
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Kaho Ejima
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nakata
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan.
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14
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Hamano Y, Ikeda K, Odagiri K, Suematsu NJ. Reproduction of bacterial chemotaxis by a non-living self-propelled object. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8173. [PMID: 37210558 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34788-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Taxic behavior as a response to an external stimulus is a fundamental function of living organisms. Some bacteria successfully implement chemotaxis without directly controlling the direction of movement. They periodically alternate between run and tumble, i.e., straight movement and change in direction, respectively. They tune their running period depending on the concentration gradient of attractants around them. Consequently, they respond to a gentle concentration gradient stochastically, which is called "bacterial chemotaxis." In this study, such a stochastic response was reproduced by a non-living self-propelled object. We used a phenanthroline disk floating on an aqueous solution of Fe[Formula: see text]. The disk spontaneously alternated between rapid motion and rest, similar to the run-and-tumble motion of bacteria. The movement direction of the disk was isotropic independent of the concentration gradient. However, the existing probability of the self-propelled object was higher at the low-concentration region, where the run length was longer. To explain the mechanism underlying this phenomenon, we proposed a simple mathematical model that considers random walkers whose run length depends on the local concentration and direction of movement against the gradient. Our model adopts deterministic functions to reproduce the both effects, which is instead of stochastic tuning the period of operation used in the previous reports. This allows us to analyze the proposed model mathematically, which indicated that our model reproduces both positive and negative chemotaxis depending on the competition between the local concentration effect and it's gradient effect. Owing to the newly introduced directional bias, the experimental observations were reproduced numerically and analytically. The results indicate that the directional bias response to the concentration gradient is an essential parameter for determining bacterial chemotaxis. This rule might be universal for the stochastic response of self-propelled particles in living and non-living systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Hamano
- School of Interdisciplinary Mathematical Sciences, Meiji University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kota Ikeda
- School of Interdisciplinary Mathematical Sciences, Meiji University, Tokyo, Japan
- Graduate School of Advanced Mathematical Sciences, Meiji University, Tokyo, Japan
- Meiji Institute for Advanced Study of Mathematical Sciences (MIMS), Meiji University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenta Odagiri
- Meiji Institute for Advanced Study of Mathematical Sciences (MIMS), Meiji University, Tokyo, Japan
- School of Network and Information, Senshu University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko J Suematsu
- School of Interdisciplinary Mathematical Sciences, Meiji University, Tokyo, Japan.
- Graduate School of Advanced Mathematical Sciences, Meiji University, Tokyo, Japan.
- Meiji Institute for Advanced Study of Mathematical Sciences (MIMS), Meiji University, Tokyo, Japan.
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15
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Fujita R, Takayama N, Matsuo M, Iima M, Nakata S. Height-dependent oscillatory motion of a plastic cup with a camphor disk floated on water. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:14546-14551. [PMID: 37191103 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp00318c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a self-propelled object, which is composed of a plastic cup and a camphor disk, on water to reflect its three-dimensional shape in the nature of motion. The self-propelled object, of which the driving force of motion is the difference in the surface tension, exhibited oscillatory motion between motion and rest. The period and the maximum speed of oscillatory motion increased and decreased depending on the height of the cup, h, respectively. Two types of diffusion coefficients were estimated based on the diffusion of camphor molecules which were indirectly visualized using 7-hydroxycoumarin. The experimental result on the period of oscillatory motion depending on h could be reproduced by the numerical calculation based on the diffusion of camphor molecules around the object and the diffusion coefficients which were experimentally estimated. The experimental results suggest that characteristic features of motion can be created based on the three-dimensional shape of the object.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risa Fujita
- Graduate School of Integrated Science for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan.
| | - Nami Takayama
- Graduate School of Integrated Science for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan.
| | - Muneyuki Matsuo
- Graduate School of Integrated Science for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan.
| | - Makoto Iima
- Graduate School of Integrated Science for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Nakata
- Graduate School of Integrated Science for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan.
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16
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Matsuo M, Hashishita H, Tanaka S, Nakata S. Sequentially Selective Coalescence of Binary Self-Propelled Droplets upon Collective Motion. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:2073-2079. [PMID: 36692295 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c03344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Subsequent synthesis and detection using droplets as microreactors have shown promise in the development of novel materials and drugs because microreactors enable small-scale synthesis and detection of covalent/non-covalent intermolecular interactions. Self-organization exhibited by autonomous droplets under non-equilibrium conditions is beneficial for manipulating the sequentiality and selectivity of droplet coalescence because expensive equipment or elaborate techniques are not required with the autonomy of droplets. However, to our knowledge, selective coalescence caused by the collective motion of self-propelled droplets has not been demonstrated in inanimate systems. Here, we report sequentially selective coalescence based on the dynamic collective pattern of self-propelled droplets composed of ethyl salicylate (ES) or butyl salicylate (BS). When ES and BS droplets were placed on an aqueous sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) solution, the collective motion of droplets resulted in three stages of selective coalescence on the time development. Initially, coalescence was observed only between different types of self-propelled droplets. Subsequently, the formed droplets selectively coalesced with ES droplets. Finally, mature droplets merged with BS droplets. The sequentially selective coalescence was discussed from the dynamic pattern formation of swarming droplets and the collapse of the SDS monolayer at the o/w interface caused by the difference in Laplace pressure and the interfacial instability at the contact point between droplets. Thus, this study formulates a strategy of sequentially selective coalescence of droplets via the collective motion of non-identical self-propelled droplets, promoting a new type of powerful and efficient automation technology based on an autonomous inanimate manner of spatiotemporal pattern formation under non-equilibrium conditions for the droplet manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muneyuki Matsuo
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Hiromi Hashishita
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Shinpei Tanaka
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-7-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nakata
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
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17
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Suematsu NJ, Udagawa S. Real-time Mode-switching of a Self-propelled Droplet Controlled by the Photosensitive Belousov–Zhabotinsky Reaction. CHEM LETT 2023. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.220513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiko J. Suematsu
- Graduate School of Advanced Mathematical Sciences, Meiji University, 4-21-1 Nakano-ku, Tokyo 165-8525, Japan
- Meiji Institute for Advanced Study on Mathematical Sciences (MIMS), Meiji University, 4-21-1 Nakano-ku, Tokyo 165-8525, Japan
| | - Satoshi Udagawa
- Graduate School of Advanced Mathematical Sciences, Meiji University, 4-21-1 Nakano-ku, Tokyo 165-8525, Japan
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18
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De Bari B, Kondepudi DK, Dixon JA. Foraging Dynamics and Entropy Production in a Simulated Proto-Cell. ENTROPY (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 24:1793. [PMID: 36554198 PMCID: PMC9778031 DOI: 10.3390/e24121793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
All organisms depend on a supply of energetic resources to power behavior and the irreversible entropy-producing processes that sustain them. Dissipative structure theory has often been a source of inspiration for better understanding the thermodynamics of biology, yet real organisms are inordinately more complex than most laboratory systems. Here we report on a simulated chemical dissipative structure that operates as a proto cell. The simulated swimmer moves through a 1D environment collecting resources that drive a nonlinear reaction network interior to the swimmer. The model minimally represents properties of a simple organism including rudimentary foraging and chemotaxis and an analog of a metabolism in the nonlinear reaction network. We evaluated how dynamical stability of the foraging dynamics (i.e., swimming and chemotaxis) relates to the rate of entropy production. Results suggested a relationship between dynamical steady states and entropy production that was tuned by the relative coordination of foraging and metabolic processes. Results include evidence in support of and contradicting one formulation of a maximum entropy production principle. We discuss the status of this principle and its relevance to biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin De Bari
- Department of Psychology, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA
- Center for the Ecological Study of Perception and Action, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Dilip K. Kondepudi
- Center for the Ecological Study of Perception and Action, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USA
| | - James A. Dixon
- Center for the Ecological Study of Perception and Action, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
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19
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Donau C, Boekhoven J. The chemistry of chemically fueled droplets. TRENDS IN CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trechm.2022.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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20
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Synchronized motion of two camphor disks on a water droplet levitated under microgravity. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.130321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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21
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Generation of Fermat's spiral patterns by solutal Marangoni-driven coiling in an aqueous two-phase system. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7206. [PMID: 36418301 PMCID: PMC9684484 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34368-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The solutal Marangoni effect is attracting increasing interest because of its fundamental role in many isothermal directional transport processes in fluids, including the Marangoni-driven spreading on liquid surfaces or Marangoni convection within a liquid. Here we report a type of continuous Marangoni transport process resulting from Marangoni-driven spreading and Marangoni convection in an aqueous two-phase system. The interaction between a salt (CaCl2) and an anionic surfactant (sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate) generates surface tension gradients, which drive the transport process. This Marangoni transport consists of the upward transfer of a filament from a droplet located at the bottom of a bulk solution, coiling of the filament near the surface, and formation of Fermat's spiral patterns on the surface. The bottom-up coiling of the filament, driven by Marangoni convection, may inspire automatic fiber fabrication.
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22
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Nguindjel ADC, de Visser PJ, Winkens M, Korevaar PA. Spatial programming of self-organizing chemical systems using sustained physicochemical gradients from reaction, diffusion and hydrodynamics. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:23980-24001. [PMID: 36172850 PMCID: PMC9554936 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02542f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Living organisms employ chemical self-organization to build structures, and inspire new strategies to design synthetic systems that spontaneously take a particular form, via a combination of integrated chemical reactions, assembly pathways and physicochemical processes. However, spatial programmability that is required to direct such self-organization is a challenge to control. Thermodynamic equilibrium typically brings about a homogeneous solution, or equilibrium structures such as supramolecular complexes and crystals. This perspective addresses out-of-equilibrium gradients that can be driven by coupling chemical reaction, diffusion and hydrodynamics, and provide spatial differentiation in the self-organization of molecular, ionic or colloidal building blocks in solution. These physicochemical gradients are required to (1) direct the organization from the starting conditions (e.g. a homogeneous solution), and (2) sustain the organization, to prevent it from decaying towards thermodynamic equilibrium. We highlight four different concepts that can be used as a design principle to establish such self-organization, using chemical reactions as a driving force to sustain the gradient and, ultimately, program the characteristics of the gradient: (1) reaction-diffusion coupling; (2) reaction-convection; (3) the Marangoni effect and (4) diffusiophoresis. Furthermore, we outline their potential as attractive pathways to translate chemical reactions and molecular/colloidal assembly into organization of patterns in solution, (dynamic) self-assembled architectures and collectively moving swarms at the micro-, meso- and macroscale, exemplified by recent demonstrations in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pieter J de Visser
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Mitch Winkens
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Peter A Korevaar
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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23
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Bickel T, Detcheverry F. Exact solutions for viscous Marangoni spreading. Phys Rev E 2022; 106:045107. [PMID: 36397591 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.106.045107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
When surface-active molecules are released at a liquid interface, their spreading dynamics is controlled by Marangoni flows. Though such Marangoni spreading was investigated in different limits, exact solutions remain very few. Here we consider the spreading of an insoluble surfactant along the interface of a deep fluid layer. For two-dimensional Stokes flows, it was recently shown that the nonlinear transport problem can be exactly mapped to a complex Burgers equation [D. Crowdy, SIAM J. Appl. Math. 81, 2526 (2021)]SMJMAP0036-139910.1137/21M1400316. We first present a very simple derivation of this equation. We then provide fully explicit solutions and find that varying the initial surfactant distribution-pulse, hole, or periodic-results in distinct spreading behaviors. By obtaining the fundamental solution, we also discuss the influence of surface diffusion. We identify situations where spreading can be described as an effective diffusion process but observe that this approximation is not generally valid. Finally, the case of a three-dimensional flow with axial symmetry is briefly considered. Our findings should provide reference solutions for Marangoni spreading that may be tested experimentally with fluorescent or photoswitchable surfactants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Bickel
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Laboratoire Ondes et Matière d'Aquitaine, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - François Detcheverry
- University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
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24
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Roy T, Chaurasia SS, Parmananda P. Phase-flip transition in volume-mismatched pairs of coupled 1-pentanol drops. Phys Rev E 2022; 106:034614. [PMID: 36266858 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.106.034614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We have explored a variety of synchronization domains and observed phase-flip transition in a pair of coupled 1-pentanol drops as a function of the volume mismatch. Both experimental observations and numerical studies are presented. The experiments were carried out in a rectangular channel in a ferroin deionized water solution premixed with some volume of pentanol. A single pentanol drop (≥ 3μL) performs back and forth oscillations along the length of the channel due to the well-known Marangoni forces. In the present work, for a pair of drops, the drop 1 volume was changed from 3 to 5 μL in steps of 1μL, whereas the drop 2 volume was varied from 1 to 3 μL in steps of 0.5μL. A systematic investigation of all the possible combinations of the drop volumes showed the presence of three different types of synchrony-in-phase, antiphase, and phase-switched. In-phase synchronization was robust for a volume mismatch of >3.0μL between the two drops. On the other hand, antiphase synchronization was robust when the volume mismatch was <2.0μL. The phase-switched state is a synchronized state involving a phase-flip transition in the time domain. This state was observed for the intermediate range of volume mismatch. Numerically, the system has been investigated using two Stuart-Landau oscillators interacting via a coupling function in the form of Lennard-Jones potential. The numerical results suitably capture both in-phase and antiphase oscillations for a pair of volume-mismatched pentanol drops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanushree Roy
- Department of Physics, IIT Bombay, Mumbai-400076, Maharashtra, India
| | | | - P Parmananda
- Department of Physics, IIT Bombay, Mumbai-400076, Maharashtra, India
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25
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Active Colloids on Fluid Interfaces. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2022.101629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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26
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Kaburagi M, Kojima T, Asakura K, Banno T. pH-Sensitive Controlled Motion of Micrometer-sized Oil Droplets in a Solution of Surfactants Containing Fumaric Acid Derivatives. J Oleo Sci 2022; 71:1319-1326. [PMID: 35965092 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess22129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-propelled droplets are of considerable interest as an appropriate model for understanding the self-propulsion of objects in the fields of nonequilibrium physics and nonlinear science. Several research groups have reported the monodirectional motion of droplets, that is, chemotaxis, using stimuli-responsive materials. However, the precise control of chemotaxis remains challenging from the perspective of synthetic chemistry because chemotactic motion is primarily induced by the consumption of reactive oil or surfactants. Herein, we report a chemical system containing pH-responsive fumaric acid derivatives, in which the oil droplet exhibited positive chemotaxis over a wide pH range-from basic to acidic conditions. From the measurements of the interfacial tension between the oil and aqueous phases, it was deduced that the positive chemotaxis was due to heterogeneity in the interfacial tension of the droplet surface, which was accompanied by the production of surface-active compounds in the pH gradient in a linear-type channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Kaburagi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University
| | - Tomoya Kojima
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University
| | - Kouichi Asakura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University
| | - Taisuke Banno
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University
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27
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We the Droplets: A Constitutional Approach to Active and Self-Propelled Emulsions. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2022.101623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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28
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Chen X, Xu Y, Lou K, Peng Y, Zhou C, Zhang HP, Wang W. Programmable, Spatiotemporal Control of Colloidal Motion Waves via Structured Light. ACS NANO 2022; 16:12755-12766. [PMID: 35857820 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c04596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Traveling waves in a reaction-diffusion system are essential for long-range communication in living organisms and inspire biomimetic materials of similar capabilities. One recent example is the traveling motion waves among photochemically oscillating, silver (Ag)-containing colloids. Being able to manipulate these colloidal waves holds the key for potential applications. Here, we have discovered that these motion waves can be confined by light patterns and that the chemical clocks of silver particles are moved forward by reducing local light intensity. Using these discoveries as design principles, we have applied structured light technology for the precise and programmable control of colloidal motion waves, including their origins, propagation directions, paths, shapes, annihilation, frequency, and speeds. We have also used the controlled propagation of colloidal waves to guide chemical messages along a predefined path to activate a population of micromotors located far from the signal. Our demonstrated capabilities in manipulating colloidal waves in space and time offer physical insights on their operation and expand their usefulness in the fundamental study of reaction-diffusion processes. Moreover, our findings inspire biomimetic strategies for the directional transport of mass, energy, and information at micro- or even nanoscales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yankai Xu
- School of Physics and Astronomy and Institute of Natural Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Kai Lou
- Guangzhou Kayja-Optics Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Yixin Peng
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chao Zhou
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - H P Zhang
- School of Physics and Astronomy and Institute of Natural Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
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29
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Yang Y, Chen R, Zhu X, Ye D, Yang Y, Li W, Li D, Li H, Liao Q. Light-Fueled Submarine-Like Droplet. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2201341. [PMID: 35596606 PMCID: PMC9313504 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202201341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Flexibly and precisely manipulating 3D droplet transportation is a fundamental challenge for broad implications in diagnostics, drug delivery, bioengineering, etc. Herein, a light method is developed for manipulating a droplet to make it behave like a submarine. This light method enables flexible 3D transportation, stable suspension, and floating of a droplet, which can be freely altered. It is demonstrated that the localized photothermal effect induced thermocapillary flow in the water droplet/oil phase is responsible for energizing and manipulating the droplet. With such remarkable motility, the light-fueled submarine-like droplet successfully realizes various functions such as the acid-base detection, particle capture and transportation, and target crystal collection, dissolution and transportation. It is demonstrated that the light-fueled submarine-like droplet shows promising perspective for long-sought precise droplet manipulation in various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Low‐Grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems (Chongqing University)Ministry of EducationChongqing400030China
- Institute of Engineering ThermophysicsSchool of Energy and Power EngineeringChongqing UniversityChongqing400030China
| | - Rong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Low‐Grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems (Chongqing University)Ministry of EducationChongqing400030China
- Institute of Engineering ThermophysicsSchool of Energy and Power EngineeringChongqing UniversityChongqing400030China
| | - Xun Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Low‐Grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems (Chongqing University)Ministry of EducationChongqing400030China
- Institute of Engineering ThermophysicsSchool of Energy and Power EngineeringChongqing UniversityChongqing400030China
| | - Dingding Ye
- Key Laboratory of Low‐Grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems (Chongqing University)Ministry of EducationChongqing400030China
- Institute of Engineering ThermophysicsSchool of Energy and Power EngineeringChongqing UniversityChongqing400030China
| | - Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Low‐Grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems (Chongqing University)Ministry of EducationChongqing400030China
- Institute of Engineering ThermophysicsSchool of Energy and Power EngineeringChongqing UniversityChongqing400030China
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Low‐Grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems (Chongqing University)Ministry of EducationChongqing400030China
- Institute of Engineering ThermophysicsSchool of Energy and Power EngineeringChongqing UniversityChongqing400030China
| | - Dongliang Li
- Key Laboratory of Low‐Grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems (Chongqing University)Ministry of EducationChongqing400030China
- Institute of Engineering ThermophysicsSchool of Energy and Power EngineeringChongqing UniversityChongqing400030China
| | - Haonan Li
- Key Laboratory of Low‐Grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems (Chongqing University)Ministry of EducationChongqing400030China
- Institute of Engineering ThermophysicsSchool of Energy and Power EngineeringChongqing UniversityChongqing400030China
| | - Qiang Liao
- Key Laboratory of Low‐Grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems (Chongqing University)Ministry of EducationChongqing400030China
- Institute of Engineering ThermophysicsSchool of Energy and Power EngineeringChongqing UniversityChongqing400030China
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30
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Bazazi P, Hejazi SH. Wetting Dynamics of Nanoparticle Dispersions: From Fully Spreading to Non-sticking and the Deposition of Nanoparticle-Laden Surface Droplets. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:20280-20290. [PMID: 35446544 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c03156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Controlled transport of liquid droplets on solid surfaces is critical in many practical applications, such as self-cleaning surfaces, coating, drug delivery, and agriculture. Non-adhesive liquid drops levitate on solid surfaces; therefore, they are highly mobile and directed toward desired locations by external stimuli. Although research on liquid-repellent surfaces has proliferated, the existing methods are still limited to creating surface roughness or coating the liquid droplets. Here, we create non-contact aqueous drops on hydrophilic surfaces in an oleic environment and use them to deposit submicrometer droplets encapsulating nanoparticles on solid surfaces. A glass surface is buried under an oil phase that contains a high concentration of Span 80 surfactants, and a drop of silica nanoparticle dispersion is released on the solid surface. We study the effect of surfactant concentration in oil and nanoparticle concentration in water on wetting dynamics and report a plethora of droplet spreading regimes from fully wetting to non-wetting. We find a threshold Span 80 concentration above which surfactant assemblies are formed on the solid and prevent the direct contact of the drop with the surface. At the same time, water-in-oil emulsions are generated at the drop-oil interface. The drop moves and leaves a trace of emulsions with encapsulated nanoparticles on the solid. We demonstrate the possibility of local surface coating with hydrophilic nanoparticles in a hydrophobic medium. The developed methodology in this study is a generic approach facilitating the droplet patterning in numerous applications, from pharmaceutical polymetric carriers to the formulation of cosmetics, insecticides, and biomedical diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Bazazi
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Seyed Hossein Hejazi
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary AB T2N 1N4, Canada
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Roy T, Chaurasia SS, Cruz JM, Pimienta V, Parmananda P. Modes of synchrony in self-propelled pentanol drops. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:1688-1695. [PMID: 35146497 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm01488a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We report various modes of synchrony observed for a population of two, three and four pentanol drops in a rectangular channel at the air-water interface. Initially, the autonomous oscillations of a single 1-pentanol drop were studied in a ferroin DI water solution pre-mixed with some volume of pentanol. A pentanol drop performs continuous motion on the air-water interface due to Marangoni forces. A linear channel was prepared to study the uniaxial movement of the drop(s). Thereafter, a systematic study of the self-propelled motion of a 1-pentanol drop was reported as a function of the drop volume. Subsequently, the coupled dynamics were studied for two, three and four drops, respectively. We observed anti-phase oscillations in a pair of pentanol drops. In the case of three drops, relay synchronization was observed, wherein consecutive pairs of drops were exhibiting out-of-phase oscillations and alternate drops were performing in-phase oscillations. Four pentanol drops showed two different modes of synchrony: one was relay synchrony and the other was out-of-phase oscillations between two pairs of drops (within a pair, the drops exhibit in-phase oscillations).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanushree Roy
- Department of Physics, IIT Bombay, Mumbai 400076, Maharashtra, India.
| | | | - José-Manuel Cruz
- Facultad de Ciencias en Física y Matemáticas, Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas 29050, Mexico
| | - V Pimienta
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5623, Université Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne 31062, Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - P Parmananda
- Department of Physics, IIT Bombay, Mumbai 400076, Maharashtra, India.
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Xu Y, Takayama N, Komasu Y, Takahara N, Kitahata H, Iima M, Nakata S. Self-propelled camphor disk dependent on the depth of the sodium dodecyl sulfate aqueous phase. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.128087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Self-Propelled Motion Sensitive to the Chemical Structure of Amphiphilic Molecular Layer on an Aqueous Phase. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11110885. [PMID: 34832114 PMCID: PMC8618350 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11110885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Two novel amphiphiles, N-(3-nitrophenyl)stearamide (MANA) and N,N′-(4-nitro-1,3-phenylene)distearamide (OPANA), were synthesized by reacting nitroanilines with one or two equivalents of stearic acid. We investigated how the molecular structures of these compounds influenced the characteristics of a self-propelled camphor disk placed on a monolayer of the synthesized amphiphiles. Three types of motion were observed at different surface pressures (Π): continuous motion (Π < 4 mN m−1), deceleration (4 mN ≤ Π ≤ 20 mN m−1), and no motion (Π > 20 mN m−1). The speed of the motion of the camphor disks was inversely related to Π for both MANA and OPANA at the temperatures tested, when Π increased in the respective molecular layers under compression. The spectroscopic evidence from UV-Vis, NMR, and ESI-TOF-MS revealed that the dependence of the speed of the motion on Π originates from the intermolecular interactions that are present in the monolayers. This study suggests that it is possible to control the self-propelled motion by manipulating contributing factors at the molecular level.
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34
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Yasugahira Y, Tatsumi Y, Yamanaka O, Nishimori H, Nagayama M, Nakata S. Catch and Release Chemotaxis. CHEMSYSTEMSCHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/syst.202100031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Yasugahira
- Research Institute for Electronic Science Hokkaido University N10 W8, Kita-Ward Sapporo 060-0810 Japan
| | - Yuki Tatsumi
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life Hiroshima University 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima Hiroshima 739-8526 Japan
| | - Osamu Yamanaka
- Meiji Institute for Advanced Study of Mathematical Sciences (MIMS) Meiji University 4-21-1 Nakano, Nakano-ku Tokyo 164-8525 Japan
| | - Hiraku Nishimori
- Meiji Institute for Advanced Study of Mathematical Sciences (MIMS) Meiji University 4-21-1 Nakano, Nakano-ku Tokyo 164-8525 Japan
| | - Masaharu Nagayama
- Research Institute for Electronic Science Hokkaido University N10 W8, Kita-Ward Sapporo 060-0810 Japan
| | - Satoshi Nakata
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life Hiroshima University 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima Hiroshima 739-8526 Japan
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35
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Kumar DJP, Borkar C, Dayal P. Fast-Moving Self-Propelled Droplets of a Nanocatalyzed Belousov-Zhabotinsky Reaction. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:12586-12595. [PMID: 34670083 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c01887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Self-sustained locomotion by virtue of an internalized chemical reaction is a characteristic feature of living systems and has inspired researchers to develop such self-moving biomimetic systems. Here, we harness a self-oscillating Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction, a well-known chemical oscillator, with enhanced kinetics by virtue of our graphene-based catalytic mats, to elucidate the spontaneous locomotion of BZ reaction droplets. Specifically, our nanocatalysts comprise ruthenium nanoparticle decorations on graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, and graphene nanosheets, thereby creating 0D-2D heterostructures. We demonstrate that when these nanocatalyzed droplets of the BZ reaction are placed in an oil-surfactant medium, they exhibit a macroscopic translatory motion at the velocities of few millimeters per second. This motion is brought about by the combination of enhanced kinetics of the BZ reaction and the Marangoni effect. Our investigations reveal that the velocity of locomotion increases with the electrical conductivity of our nanocomposites. Moreover, we also show that the positive feedback generated by the reaction-diffusion phenomena results in an asymmetric distribution of surface tension that, in turn, facilitates the self-propelled motion of the BZ droplets. Finally, we explore a system of multiple nanocatalyzed BZ droplets and reveal a variety of motions caused by their mutual interactions. Our findings suggest that through the use of 0D-2D hybrid nanomaterials, it is possible to design fast-moving self-propelled synthetic objects for a variety of biomimetic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Jaya Prasanna Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Chaitra Borkar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Pratyush Dayal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
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36
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Piras CC, Smith DK. Self-Propelling Hybrid Gels Incorporating an Active Self-Assembled, Low-Molecular-Weight Gelator. Chemistry 2021; 27:14527-14534. [PMID: 34339068 PMCID: PMC8597049 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid gel beads based on combining a low-molecular-weight gelator (LMWG) with a polymer gelator (PG) demonstrate an enhanced ability to self-propel in water, with the LMWG playing an active role. Hybrid gel beads were loaded with ethanol and shown to move in water owing to the Marangoni effect changes in surface tension caused by the expulsion of ethanol - smaller beads move farther and faster than larger beads. Flat shapes of the hybrid gel were cut using a "stamp" - circles moved the furthest, whereas stars showed more rotation on their own axes. Comparing hybrid LMWG/PG gel beads with PG-only beads demonstrated that the LMWG speeds up the beads, enhancing the rate of self-propulsion. Self-assembly of the LMWG into a "solid-like" network prevents its leaching from the gel. The LMWG also retains its own unique function - specifically, remediating methylene blue pollutant dye from basic water as a result of noncovalent interactions. The mobile hybrid beads accumulate this dye more effectively than PG-only beads. Self-propelling gel beads have potential applications in removal/delivery of active agents in environmental or biological settings. The ability of self-assembling LMWGs to enhance mobility and control removal/delivery suggests that adding them to self-propelling systems can add significant value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen C. Piras
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of YorkHeslingtonYorkYO10 5DDUK
| | - David K. Smith
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of YorkHeslingtonYorkYO10 5DDUK
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Nakayama S, Kojima T, Kaburagi M, Kikuchi T, Asakura K, Banno T. Chemotaxis of Oil Droplets and Their Phase Transition to Aggregates with Membrane Structures in Surfactant Solution Containing Metal Salts. CHEMSYSTEMSCHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/syst.202100035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sepia Nakayama
- Department of Applied Chemistry Faculty of Science and Technology Keio University 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku Yokohama 223-8522 Japan
| | - Tomoya Kojima
- Department of Applied Chemistry Faculty of Science and Technology Keio University 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku Yokohama 223-8522 Japan
| | - Mari Kaburagi
- Department of Applied Chemistry Faculty of Science and Technology Keio University 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku Yokohama 223-8522 Japan
| | - Takanori Kikuchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry Faculty of Science and Technology Keio University 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku Yokohama 223-8522 Japan
| | - Kouichi Asakura
- Department of Applied Chemistry Faculty of Science and Technology Keio University 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku Yokohama 223-8522 Japan
| | - Taisuke Banno
- Department of Applied Chemistry Faculty of Science and Technology Keio University 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku Yokohama 223-8522 Japan
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38
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Suematsu NJ, Mori Y, Amemiya T, Nakata S. Spontaneous Mode Switching of Self-Propelled Droplet Motion Induced by a Clock Reaction in the Belousov-Zhabotinsky Medium. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:7526-7530. [PMID: 34346682 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Interfacial chemical dynamics on a droplet generate various self-propelled motions. For example, ballistic and random motions arise depending on the physicochemical conditions inside the droplet and its environment. In this study, we focus on the relationship between oxidant concentrations in an aqueous droplet and its mode of self-propelled motion in an oil phase including surfactant. We demonstrated that the chemical conditions inside self-propelled aqueous droplets were changed systematically, indicating that random motion appeared at higher concentrations of oxidants, which were H2SO4 and BrO3-, and ballistic motion at lower concentrations. In addition, spontaneous mode switching from ballistic to random motion was successfully demonstrated by adding malonic acid, wherein the initially observed reduced state of the aqueous solution suddenly changed to the oxidized state. Although we only observed one-time transition and have not yet succeeded to realize alternation between ballistic (reduced state) and random motion (oxidized state), such spontaneous transitions are fundamental steps in realizing artificial cells and understanding the fundamental mechanisms of life-like behavior, such as bacterial chemotaxis originating from periodical run-and-tumble motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiko J Suematsu
- Graduate School of Advanced Mathematical Sciences, Meiji University, 4-21-1 Nakano, Tokyo 164-8525, Japan
- Meiji Institute of Advanced Study of Mathematical Sciences, Meiji University, 4-21-1 Nakano, Tokyo 164-8525, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Mori
- Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1 Ohtsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan
| | - Takashi Amemiya
- Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-7 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nakata
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
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39
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Thakur S, Dasmahapatra AK, Bandyopadhyay D. Functional liquid droplets for analyte sensing and energy harvesting. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 294:102453. [PMID: 34120038 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2021.102453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Over the past century, rapid miniaturization of technologies has helped in the development of efficient, flexible, portable, robust, and compact applications with minimal wastage of materials. In this direction, of late, the usage of mesoscale liquid droplets has emerged as an alternative platform because of the following advantages: (i) a droplet is incompressible and at the same time deformable, (ii) interfacial area of a spherical droplet is minimum for a given amount of mass; and (iii) a droplet interface allows facile mass, momentum, and energy transfer. Subsequently, such attributes have aided towards the design of diverse droplet-based microfluidic technologies. For example, the microdroplets have been utilized as micro-reactors, colorimetric or electrochemical (EC) sensors, drug-delivery vehicles, and energy harvesters. Further, a number of recently reported lab-on-a-chip technologies exploit the motility, storage, and mixing capacities of the microdroplets. In view of this background, the review initiates discussion by highlighting the different attributes of the microdroplets such as size, shape, surface to volume ratio, wettability, and contact line. Thereafter, the effects of the surface or body forces on the properties of the droplets have been elaborated. Finally, the different aspects of such liquid droplet systems towards technological adaptations in health care, sensing, and energy harvesting have been presented. The review concludes with a tight summary on the potential avenues for further developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddharth Thakur
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Dasmahapatra
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India; Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Dipankar Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India; Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India.
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40
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Ahmed S, Perez-Mercader J. Autonomous Low-Reynolds-Number Soft Robots with Structurally Encoded Motion and Their Thermodynamic Efficiency. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:8148-8156. [PMID: 34185996 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Soft low-Reynolds-number robotics hold the potential to significantly impact numerous fields including drug delivery, sensing, and diagnostics. Realizing this potential is predicated upon the ability to design soft robots tailored to their intended function. In this work, we identify the effect of different geometric and symmetry parameters on the motion of soft, autonomous robots that operate in the low-Reynolds-number regime and use organic fuel. The ability to power low-Reynolds-number soft robots using an organic fuel would provide a new avenue for their potential use in biomedical applications, as is the use of a polymeric biocompatible material as is done here. We introduce a simple and cost-effective 3D-printer-assisted method to fabricate robots of different shapes that is scalable and widely applicable for a variety of materials. The efficiency of chemical energy to mechanical energy conversion is measured in soft low-Reynolds-number robots for the first time, and their mechanism of motion is assessed. Motion is a result of a periodic and oscillatory change in the charge state of the gel. This work lays the groundwork for the structure-function design of soft, chemically operated, and autonomous low-Reynolds-number robots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Ahmed
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences and Origins of Life Initiative, Harvard University, 20 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Juan Perez-Mercader
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences and Origins of Life Initiative, Harvard University, 20 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, New Mexico 87501, United States
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41
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Xu Y, Ji L, Izumi S, Nakata S. pH-Sensitive Oscillatory Motion of a Urease Motor on the Urea Aqueous Phase. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:1762-1766. [PMID: 33955163 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202100336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A self-propelled object coupled with an enzyme reaction between urease and urea was investigated at the air/aqueous interface. A plastic object that was fixed to a urease-immobilized filter paper was used as a self-propelled object, termed a urease motor, placed on an aqueous urea solution. The driving force of the urease motor is the difference in the surface tension around the object. Oscillatory motion or no motion was triggered depending on the initial pH of the urea solution. Both the frequency and maximum speed of the oscillatory motion varied depending on the initial pH of the water phase. The mechanisms underlying the oscillatory motion and no motion were discussed in relation to the bell-shaped enzyme activity of urease in the enzyme reaction and the surface tension around the urease motor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xu
- Department of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Lin Ji
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, 105 West Third Ring Road North, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
| | - Shunsuke Izumi
- Department of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nakata
- Department of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
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42
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Fujita R, Matsufuji T, Matsuo M, Nakata S. Alternate Route Selection of Self-Propelled Filter Papers Impregnated with Camphor for Two-Branched Water Channels. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:7039-7042. [PMID: 34048652 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The route selection of self-propelled filter papers impregnated with camphor for two-branched water channels was investigated. The two-branched water channel was composed of a stem channel and two branch channels, and the branch channels were connected to the stem channel at a junction. When a single camphor paper reached the junction from the stem channel, it selected one of the two routes equivalently. Three or five camphor papers which were placed on a stem channel exhibited either alternate or random route selection depending on the characteristic length between the leading and following papers, Lc. That is, the alternate route selection of the camphor papers for the two-branched water channels was observed at Lc ≤ 25 mm. By contrast, the alternate route selection was broken at Lc > 25 mm. The physicochemical meaning of the threshold value, Lth ∼ 26 mm, between the alternate and random route selections was discussed based on the experimental results. In addition, the distribution length of camphor molecules developed from the leading camphor paper and the change in the spatial gradient of surface tension around the junction supports the value of Lth. These results suggest that autonomous phenomena using inanimate self-propelled objects are important to understand collective motion in living organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risa Fujita
- Department of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Takero Matsufuji
- Department of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Muneyuki Matsuo
- Department of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nakata
- Department of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
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43
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Xu Y, Takayama N, Er H, Nakata S. Oscillatory Motion of a Camphor Object on a Surfactant Solution. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:1674-1679. [PMID: 33508193 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c09314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The mode bifurcation between oscillatory motion and no motion of a camphor object floating on surfactant aqueous solution was investigated. The camphor and surfactant were used as the sources of driving and suppressing forces, respectively. A circular plastic sheet was attached to the center of the bottom of a camphor disk, which served as the self-propelled object; further, the contact area between the disk and the solution (S) was varied to control the amount of camphor molecules from the disk that dissolved in the solution. Motion features, that is, the maximum speed, frequency of oscillatory motion, and mode bifurcation, varied depending on S. We discussed the relationship between these motion features and the kinetics of camphor and surfactant molecules around the object. The results suggest that the nature of the oscillatory motion depends on the amount of camphor molecules accumulated at the base of the self-propelled object.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xu
- Department of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Nami Takayama
- Department of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Hua Er
- Chemical Science and Engineering College, North Minzu University, 204 Wenchang North Street, Xixia District, Yinchuan City, Ningxia 750021, China
| | - Satoshi Nakata
- Department of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
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Abstract
Field-assisted self-assembly, motion, and manipulation of droplets have gained much attention in the past decades. We exhibit an electric field manipulation of the motion of a liquid metal (mercury) droplet submerged in a conductive liquid medium (a solution of sulfuric acid). A mercury droplet moves toward the cathode and its path selection is always given by the steepest descent of the local electric field potential. Utilizing this unique behavior, we present several examples of droplet motions, including maze solving, electro-levitation, and motion on a diverted path between parallel electrodes by controlling the conductivity of the medium. We also present an experimental demonstration of Fermat's principle in a non-optical system, namely a mercury droplet moving along a refracted path between electrodes in a domain having two different conductivities.
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Nepomnyashchy A. Droplet on a liquid substrate: Wetting, dewetting, dynamics, instabilities. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2020.101398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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van der Weijden A, Winkens M, Schoenmakers SMC, Huck WTS, Korevaar PA. Autonomous mesoscale positioning emerging from myelin filament self-organization and Marangoni flows. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4800. [PMID: 32968072 PMCID: PMC7511956 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18555-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Out-of-equilibrium molecular systems hold great promise as dynamic, reconfigurable matter that executes complex tasks autonomously. However, translating molecular scale dynamics into spatiotemporally controlled phenomena emerging at mesoscopic scale remains a challenge-especially if one aims at a design where the system itself maintains gradients that are required to establish spatial differentiation. Here, we demonstrate how surface tension gradients, facilitated by a linear amphiphile molecule, generate Marangoni flows that coordinate the positioning of amphiphile source and drain droplets floating at air-water interfaces. Importantly, at the same time, this amphiphile leads, via buckling instabilities in lamellar systems of said amphiphile, to the assembly of millimeter long filaments that grow from the source droplets and get absorbed at the drain droplets. Thereby, the Marangoni flows and filament organization together sustain the autonomous positioning of interconnected droplet-filament networks at the mesoscale. Our concepts provide potential for the development of non-equilibrium matter with spatiotemporal programmability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arno van der Weijden
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, Nijmegen, 6525 AJ, The Netherlands
| | - Mitch Winkens
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, Nijmegen, 6525 AJ, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra M C Schoenmakers
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, Nijmegen, 6525 AJ, The Netherlands
| | - Wilhelm T S Huck
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, Nijmegen, 6525 AJ, The Netherlands
| | - Peter A Korevaar
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, Nijmegen, 6525 AJ, The Netherlands.
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De Bari B, Kondepudi DK, Kay BA, Dixon JA. Collective Dissipative Structures, Force Flow Reciprocity, and the Foundations of Perception–Action Mutuality. ECOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10407413.2020.1820337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin De Bari
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut
- Center for the Ecological Study of Perception and Action, University of Connecticut
| | - Dilip K. Kondepudi
- Center for the Ecological Study of Perception and Action, University of Connecticut
- Department of Chemistry, Wake Forest University
| | - Bruce A. Kay
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut
- Center for the Ecological Study of Perception and Action, University of Connecticut
| | - James A. Dixon
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut
- Center for the Ecological Study of Perception and Action, University of Connecticut
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Abstract
Spiral thermal surface waves arising from self-propulsion of the camphor-driven objects are reported. Spiral thermal waves were registered for dissolution and evaporation-guided self-propulsion. Soluto-capillarity is accompanied by thermo-capillarity under self-propulsion of camphor boats. The jump in the surface tension due to the soluto-capillarity is much larger than that due to the thermo-capillarity. The spiral patterns inherent for the surface thermal waves are imposed by the self-rotational motion of camphor grains. The observed thermal effect is related to the adsorption of camphor molecules at the water/vapor interface. The observed spirals are shaped as Archimedean ones.
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Tanabe T, Ogasawara T, Suematsu NJ. Effect of a product on spontaneous droplet motion driven by a chemical reaction of surfactant. Phys Rev E 2020; 102:023102. [PMID: 32942422 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.102.023102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We focus on the self-propelled motion of an oil droplet within an aqueous phase or an aqueous droplet within an oil phase, which originates from an interfacial chemical reaction of surfactant. The droplet motion has been explained by mathematical models, which require the assumption that the chemical reaction increases the interfacial tension. However, several experimental reports have demonstrated self-propelled motion with the chemical reaction decreasing the interfacial tension. Our motivation is to construct an improved mathematical model, which explains these experimental observations. In this process, we consider the concentrations of the reactant and product on the interface and of the reactant in the bulk. Our numerical calculations indicate that the droplet potentially moves in the cases of both an increase and a decrease in the interfacial tension. In addition, the reaction rate and size dependencies of the droplet speed observed in experiments were well reproduced using our model. These results indicate the potential of our model as a universal one for droplet motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Tanabe
- Meiji Institute for Advanced Study of Mathematical Sciences (MIMS), Meiji University, 4-21-1 Nakano, Nakano-ku, Tokyo 164-8252, Japan
| | - Takuto Ogasawara
- Graduate School of Advanced Mathematical Sciences, Meiji University, 4-21-1 Nakano, Nakano-ku, Tokyo 164-8525, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko J Suematsu
- Meiji Institute for Advanced Study of Mathematical Sciences (MIMS), Meiji University, 4-21-1 Nakano, Nakano-ku, Tokyo 164-8252, Japan
- Graduate School of Advanced Mathematical Sciences, Meiji University, 4-21-1 Nakano, Nakano-ku, Tokyo 164-8525, Japan
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Nakata S, Fujita R. Self-Propelled Motion of a Camphor Disk on a Nervonic Acid Molecular Layer and Its Dependence on Phase Transition. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:5525-5529. [PMID: 32501008 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c03044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We studied the self-propelled motion of a camphor disk placed on water developed with a nervonic acid molecular layer to investigate the dependence of types of motion on the properties of amphiphilic compounds. The surface pressure (Π) versus area (A) isotherm exhibited a transition point corresponding to a phase transition between the fluid (F) and fluid/condensed (F/C) phases of nervonic acid. The type of motion was determined by not only the surface pressure of the nervonic acid molecular layer but also the phase, either F or F/C. When the temperature of water was varied through the phase transition temperature Tp40 (∼23 °C), with an area of 40 Å2 per nervonic acid molecule in the molecular layer, no motion and oscillatory motion were observed reversibly above and below Tp40, respectively. Our results suggest that the features of camphor motion depend on not only the surface pressure but also the nature of the phase in the nervonic acid molecular layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Nakata
- Graduate School of Integrated Science for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Risa Fujita
- Graduate School of Integrated Science for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
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