1
|
Fitzgerald LS, McNulty RL, Greener A, O’Duill ML. Programmable Deuteration of Indoles via Reverse Deuterium Exchange. J Org Chem 2023; 88:10772-10776. [PMID: 37477980 PMCID: PMC10407927 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Methods for selective deuterium incorporation into drug-like molecules have become extremely valuable due to the commercial, mechanistic, and biological importance of deuterated compounds. Herein, we report a programmable labeling platform that allows access to C2, C3, or C2- and C3-deuterated indoles under mild, user-friendly conditions. The C2-deuterated indoles are accessed using a reverse hydrogen isotope exchange strategy which represents the first non-directed C2-deuteration of indoles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liam S. Fitzgerald
- School
of Chemistry, University of Galway, University Road, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Rachael L. McNulty
- School
of Chemistry, University of Galway, University Road, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Andrew Greener
- School
of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
| | - Miriam L. O’Duill
- School
of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mondal P, Rajapakse S, Wijeratne GB. Following Nature's Footprint: Mimicking the High-Valent Heme-Oxo Mediated Indole Monooxygenation Reaction Landscape of Heme Enzymes. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:3843-3854. [PMID: 35112858 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c11068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Pathways for direct conversion of indoles to oxindoles have accumulated considerable interest in recent years due to their significance in the clear comprehension of various pathogenic processes in humans and the multipotent therapeutic value of oxindole pharmacophores. Heme enzymes are predominantly responsible for this conversion in biology and are thought to proceed with a compound-I active oxidant. These heme-enzyme-mediated indole monooxygenation pathways are rapidly emerging therapeutic targets; however, a clear mechanistic understanding is still lacking. Additionally, such knowledge holds promise in the rational design of highly specific indole monooxygenation synthetic protocols that are also cost-effective and environmentally benign. We herein report the first examples of synthetic compound-I and activated compound-II species that can effectively monooxygenate a diverse array of indoles with varied electronic and steric properties to exclusively produce the corresponding 2-oxindole products in good to excellent yields. Rigorous kinetic, thermodynamic, and mechanistic interrogations clearly illustrate an initial rate-limiting epoxidation step that takes place between the heme oxidant and indole substrate, and the resulting indole epoxide intermediate undergoes rearrangement driven by a 2,3-hydride shift on indole ring to ultimately produce 2-oxindole. The complete elucidation of the indole monooxygenation mechanism of these synthetic heme models will help reveal crucial insights into analogous biological systems, directly reinforcing drug design attempts targeting those heme enzymes. Moreover, these bioinspired model compounds are promising candidates for the future development of better synthetic protocols for the selective, efficient, and sustainable generation of 2-oxindole motifs, which are already known for a plethora of pharmacological benefits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pritam Mondal
- Department of Chemistry and O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35205, United States
| | - Shanuk Rajapakse
- Department of Chemistry and O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35205, United States
| | - Gayan B Wijeratne
- Department of Chemistry and O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35205, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Maliszewska HK, Arnau Del Valle C, Xia Y, Marín MJ, Waller ZAE, Muñoz MP. Precious metal complexes of bis(pyridyl)allenes: synthesis and catalytic and medicinal applications. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:16739-16750. [PMID: 34761768 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt02929k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The incorporation of donor-type substituents on the allene core opens up the possibility of coordination complexes in which the metal is bonded to the donor groups, with or without interaction with the double bond system. Despite the challenges in the synthesis of such allene-containing metal complexes, their unique 3D environments and dual functionality (allene and metal) could facilitate catalysis and interaction with chemical and biological systems. Bis(pyridyl)allenes are presented here as robust ligands for novel Pd(II), Pt(IV) and Au(III) complexes. Their synthesis, characterisation and first application as catalysts of benchmark reactions for Pd, Pt and Au are presented with interesting reactivity and selectivities. The complexes have also been probed as antimicrobial and anticancer agents with promising activities, and the first studies on their unusual interaction with several DNA structures will open new avenues for research in the area of metallodrugs with new mechanisms of action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanna K Maliszewska
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK.
| | - Carla Arnau Del Valle
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK.
| | - Ying Xia
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - María J Marín
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK.
| | - Zoë A E Waller
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK.,UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - María Paz Muñoz
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chen H, Li Y, Liu S, Xiong Q, Bai R, Wei D, Lan Y. On the mechanism of homogeneous Pt-catalysis: A theoretical view. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.213863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
5
|
Affiliation(s)
- José M. Alonso
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidad Complutense de Madrid Avda. Complutense s/n 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - María Paz Muñoz
- School of Chemistry University of East Anglia Earlham Road 4 7TJ Norwich, NR UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Jiang F, Fu C, Ma S. Asymmetric construction of pyrido[1,2- a]-1 H-indole derivatives via a gold-catalyzed cycloisomerization. Chem Sci 2020; 12:696-701. [PMID: 34163802 PMCID: PMC8179015 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc05619g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyrido[1,2-a]-1H-indoles are important scaffolds found in many biologically active compounds. Herein, we first developed an IPrAuCl/AgSbF6-catalyzed cycloisomerization of N-1,3-disubstituted allenyl indoles affording pyrido[1,2-a]-1H-indoles. Then the axial-to-central chirality transfer starting from enantio-enriched N-1,3-disubstituted allenylindoles affording optically active pyrido[1,2-a]-1H-indoles has been realized in excellent yields and enantioselectivities. A mechanism has been proposed based on mechanistic studies. Synthetic applications have also been demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Jiang
- Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 Zhejiang People's Republic of China
| | - Chunling Fu
- Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 Zhejiang People's Republic of China
| | - Shengming Ma
- Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 Zhejiang People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ren Y, Lin Z. Theoretical Studies on Rh-Catalyzed Cycloisomerization of Homopropargylallene-Alkynes through C(sp3)–C(sp) Bond Activation. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b04985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ren
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules & Magnetic Information Materials Ministry of Education, The School of Chemistry and Material Science, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen 041004, China
| | - Zhenyang Lin
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Quirós MT, Gómez-Bengoa E, Muñoz MP. Unravelling mechanistic insights in the platinum-catalysed dihydroalkoxylation of allenes. PURE APPL CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2019-0214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The mechanism of the platinum-catalysed dihydroalkoxylation of allenes to give acetals has been studied experimentally and by computational methods. Our findings further explain divergent reactivity encountered for platinum- and gold-vinyl intermediates after the first nucleophilic attack onto the coordinated allene, as well as provide new details on the catalytic cycle with platinum, uncovering enol ethers as resting states of the catalytic cycle, a SEOx process via Pt(IV)–H as the final protodemetallation step after the second nucleophilic attack when neutral platinum complexes are used, and a fast acid promoted addition of methanol to enol ethers when cationic platinum complexes are employed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Teresa Quirós
- School of Chemistry , University of East Anglia , Earlham Road , Norwich , NR4 7TJ , UK
| | - Enrique Gómez-Bengoa
- Departamento de Química Orgánica , Universidad del País Vasco , Apt. 1072 , 20080 San Sebastián , Spain
| | - María Paz Muñoz
- School of Chemistry , University of East Anglia , Earlham Road , Norwich , NR4 7TJ , UK
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Herndon JW. The chemistry of the carbon-transition metal double and triple bond: Annual survey covering the year 2018. Coord Chem Rev 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2019.213051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
10
|
Saini P, Kumari P, Hazra S, Elias AJ. Oxidative Coupling of Benzylamines with Indoles in Aqueous Medium to Realize Bis‐(Indolyl)Methanes Using a Water‐Soluble Cobalt Catalyst and Air as the Oxidant. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:4154-4159. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201901313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Parul Saini
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology Delhi Hauz Khas New Delhi 110016 India
| | - Pratishtha Kumari
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology Delhi Hauz Khas New Delhi 110016 India
| | - Susanta Hazra
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology Delhi Hauz Khas New Delhi 110016 India
| | - Anil J. Elias
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology Delhi Hauz Khas New Delhi 110016 India
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Alonso JM, Muñoz MP. Platinum and Gold Catalysis: à la Carte Hydroamination of Terminal Activated Allenes with Azoles. Org Lett 2019; 21:7639-7644. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b02949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- José Miguel Alonso
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - María Paz Muñoz
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wu F, Chen L, Wang Y, Zhu S. Gold-catalyzed generation of azafulvenium from an enyne sulfonamide: rapid access to fully substituted pyrroles. Org Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8qo01278d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A one-pot gold-catalyzed protocol for the synthesis of fully substituted pyrroles from enyne sulfonamides has been developed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Green Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou
| | - Lianfen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Green Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou
| | | | - Shifa Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Green Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Alonso JM, Paz Muñoz M. Evidence of Hybrid Homogeneous-Heterogeneous Catalysis in a Pt/Au Heterobimetallic System. ChemCatChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201800076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - María Paz Muñoz
- School of Chemistry; University of East Anglia; NR4 7TJ Norwich UK
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Cooper L, Alonso JM, Eagling L, Newson H, Herath S, Thomson C, Lister A, Howsham C, Cox B, Muñoz MP. Synthesis of a Novel Type of 2,3'-BIMs via Platinum-Catalysed Reaction of Indolylallenes with Indoles. Chemistry 2018; 24:6105-6114. [PMID: 29393548 PMCID: PMC5947743 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201705417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Optimisation, scope and mechanism of the platinum-catalysed addition of indoles to indolylallenes is reported here to give 2,3'-BIMs with a novel core structure very relevant for pharmaceutical industry. The reaction is modulated by the electronic properties of the substituents on both indoles, with the 2,3'-BIMs favoured when electron donating groups are present. Although simple at first, a complex mechanism has been uncovered that explains the different behaviour of these systems with platinum when compared with other metals (e.g. gold). Detailed labelling studies have shown Pt-catalysed 6-endo-trig cyclisation of the indollylallene as the first step of the reaction and the involvement of two cyclic vinyl-platinum intermediates in equilibrium through a platinum carbene, as the key intermediates of the catalytic cycle towards the second nucleophilic attack and formation of the BIMs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Cooper
- School of ChemistryUniversity of East AngliaEarlham RoadNorwichNR4 7TJUK
| | - José Miguel Alonso
- School of ChemistryUniversity of East AngliaEarlham RoadNorwichNR4 7TJUK
| | - Louise Eagling
- School of ChemistryUniversity of East AngliaEarlham RoadNorwichNR4 7TJUK
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals (UK) LimitedRH12 5AB, HorshamWest SussexUK
| | - Helen Newson
- School of ChemistryUniversity of East AngliaEarlham RoadNorwichNR4 7TJUK
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals (UK) LimitedRH12 5AB, HorshamWest SussexUK
| | - Sachini Herath
- School of ChemistryUniversity of East AngliaEarlham RoadNorwichNR4 7TJUK
| | | | - Andrew Lister
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals (UK) LimitedRH12 5AB, HorshamWest SussexUK
| | | | - Brian Cox
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals (UK) LimitedRH12 5AB, HorshamWest SussexUK
| | - María Paz Muñoz
- School of ChemistryUniversity of East AngliaEarlham RoadNorwichNR4 7TJUK
| |
Collapse
|