1
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Franzen JH, Wilm LFB, Rotering P, Wurst K, Seidl M, Dielmann F. Electron-rich pyridines with para-N-heterocyclic imine substituents: ligand properties and coordination to CO 2, SO 2, BCl 3 and Pd II complexes. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:11876-11883. [PMID: 38953467 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt01399a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Electron-rich pyridines with π donor groups at the para position play an important role as nucleophiles in organocatalysis, but their ligand properties and utilization in coordination chemistry have received little attention. Herein, we report the synthesis of two electron-rich pyridines 1 and 2 bearing N-heterocyclic imine groups at the para position and explore their coordination chemistry. Experimental and computational methods were used to assess the donor ability of the new pyridines showing that they are stronger donors than aminopyridines and guanidinyl pyridines, and that the nature of the N-heterocyclic backbone has a strong influence on the pyridine donor strength. Coordination compounds with Lewis acids including the CO2, SO2, BCl3 and PdII ions were synthesized and characterized. Despite the ambident character of the new pyridines, coordination preferentially occurs at the pyridine-N atom. Methyl transfer experiments reveal that 1 and 2 can act as demethylation reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas H Franzen
- Institut für Allgemeine, Anorganische und Theoretische Chemie, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Lukas F B Wilm
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Universität Münster Corrensstrasse 30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Philipp Rotering
- Institut für Allgemeine, Anorganische und Theoretische Chemie, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Klaus Wurst
- Institut für Allgemeine, Anorganische und Theoretische Chemie, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Michael Seidl
- Institut für Allgemeine, Anorganische und Theoretische Chemie, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Fabian Dielmann
- Institut für Allgemeine, Anorganische und Theoretische Chemie, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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2
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Mukhopadhyay J, Bhagat S, Sahoo SC, Bharatam PV. L→S Coordination Complexes Containing Benzothiazol-2-ylidene Ligand: Quantum Chemical Analysis and Synthesis. Chempluschem 2024:e202400150. [PMID: 38554142 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202400150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
(NHC)→E coordination interactions were known where NHC is an N-heterocyclic carbene, and E is a main group element (B, C, N, Si, P). Recently, it was suggested that compounds with (NHC)→S coordination chemistry are also possible. This work reports quantum chemical analysis and synthesis of (NHC)→S-R(+) complexes in which benzothiazol-2-ylidene acts as a ligand. A Density functional study established that (NHC)→S interaction can best be described as a coordination interaction. Synthetic efforts were made, initially, to generate divalent sulfur compounds containing benzothiazole substituents. N-alkylation of the heterocyclic ring in these sulfides using methyl triflate led to the generation of the desired products with (NHC)→S coordination chemistry, which involves the in situ generation of NHC ring ligands. The observed changes in the 13C NMR spectra, before and after methylation, confirmed the change in the electronic character of the C-S bond from a covalent character to a coordination character.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S. A. S., Nagar, Punjab, 160062, India
| | - Srikant Bhagat
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S. A. S., Nagar, Punjab, 160062, India
| | - Subash C Sahoo
- Department of Chemistry, Panjab University, Sector 14, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Prasad V Bharatam
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S. A. S., Nagar, Punjab, 160062, India
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3
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Wanjari PJ, Rath A, Sathe RY, Bharatam PV. Identification of CYP3A4 inhibitors as potential anti-cancer agents using pharmacoinformatics approach. J Mol Model 2023; 29:156. [PMID: 37097473 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-023-05538-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Biguanide derivatives exhibit a wide variety of therapeutic applications, including anti-cancer effects. Metformin is an effective anti-cancer agent against breast cancer, lung cancer, and prostate cancer. In the crystal structure (PDB ID: 5G5J), it was found that metformin is found in the active site of CYP3A4, and the associated anti-cancer effect was explored. Taking clues from this work, pharmacoinformatics research has been carried out on a series of known and virtual biguanide, guanylthiourea (GTU), and nitreone derivatives. This exercise led to the identification of more than 100 species that exhibit greater binding affinity toward CYP3A4 in comparison to that of metformin. Selected six molecules were subjected to molecular dynamics simulations, and the results are presented in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravin J Wanjari
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar-160062, Punjab, India
| | - Asutosh Rath
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar-160062, Punjab, India
| | - Rohit Y Sathe
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar-160062, Punjab, India
| | - Prasad V Bharatam
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar-160062, Punjab, India.
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4
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Ovais Dar M, Kapse RY, Dubey G, Singh T, Thiruvenkatam V, Bharatam PV. Electronic Structure Analysis and Synthesis of Nitroso
N
‐Heterocyclic Imines. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202203613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ovais Dar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar 160062 Punjab India
| | - Rahul Y. Kapse
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar 160062 Punjab India
| | - Gurudutt Dubey
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar 160062 Punjab India
- Current address Discipline of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar Palaj Gandhinagar 382355 Gujarat India
| | - Tejender Singh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar 160062 Punjab India
- Current address Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR) Hyderabad Gopanpally Hyderabad 500046 Telangana India
| | - Vijay Thiruvenkatam
- Discipline of Biological Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar Palaj Gandhinagar 382355 Gujarat India
| | - Prasad V. Bharatam
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar 160062 Punjab India
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5
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Wanjari PJ, Saha N, Dubey G, Bharatam PV. Metal-free methods for the generation of benzimidazoles and 2-aminobenzimidazoles. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.133143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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6
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Tian J, Cordier M, Bour C, Auffrant A, Gandon V. A cyclic divalent N(I) species isoelectronic to carbodiphosphoranes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:5741-5744. [PMID: 35466973 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc01637k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The formation of a rare type of diphosphazenium cation is described. Its synthesis features a unique oxidative dealkylation of an iminophosphorane-phosphole by a silver(I) salt. DFT study of this compound reveals the low valent character of the N(I) center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Tian
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, CNRS UMR 8182, Université Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment 420, 91405 Orsay cedex, France.
| | - Marie Cordier
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire (LCM), CNRS UMR 9168 Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, route de Saclay, 91120 Palaiseau, France.
| | - Christophe Bour
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, CNRS UMR 8182, Université Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment 420, 91405 Orsay cedex, France.
| | - Audrey Auffrant
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire (LCM), CNRS UMR 9168 Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, route de Saclay, 91120 Palaiseau, France.
| | - Vincent Gandon
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, CNRS UMR 8182, Université Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment 420, 91405 Orsay cedex, France. .,Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire (LCM), CNRS UMR 9168 Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, route de Saclay, 91120 Palaiseau, France.
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7
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Dubey G, Mahawar N, Singh T, Saha N, Sahoo SC, Bharatam PV. Thiazetidin-2-ylidenes as four membered N-heterocyclic carbenes: theoretical studies and the generation of complexes with N + center. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:629-633. [PMID: 34933326 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp04732a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Thiazetidin-2-ylidenes have been designed as four membered N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) using quantum chemical studies. These species are smaller analogs of thiazol-2-ylidenes, possess high singlet stability (57 kcal mol-1) and large nucleophilicity (3.4 eV). The possible existence of these carbenes has been established by synthesizing and crystalizing compounds with NHC→N+←(thiazetidin-2-ylidene) coordination bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurudutt Dubey
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar-160062, Punjab, India.
| | - Nutan Mahawar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar-160062, Punjab, India.
| | - Tejender Singh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar-160062, Punjab, India.
| | - Nirjhar Saha
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar-160062, Punjab, India.
| | - Subash C Sahoo
- Department of Chemistry, Panjab University, Sector 14, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Prasad V Bharatam
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar-160062, Punjab, India.
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8
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Dubey G, Awari S, Singh T, Sahoo SC, Bharatam PV. Mesoionic and N-Heterocyclic Carbenes Coordinated N + Center: Experimental and Computational Analysis. Chempluschem 2021; 86:1416-1420. [PMID: 34636173 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202100281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
N-Heterocyclic carbenes, carbocyclic carbenes, remote N-heterocyclic carbenes and N-heterocyclic silylenes are known to form L→N+ coordination bonds. However, mesoionic carbenes (MICs) are not reported to form coordination bonds with cationic nitrogen. Herein, synthesis and quantum chemical studies were performed on 1,2,3-triazol-5-ylidene stabilized N+ center. Six compounds with MIC→N+ ←NHC were synthesized. Density functional theory calculations and energy decomposition analysis were carried out to explore the bonding situation between MIC and N+ center. The C→N+ bond lengths were in the range of 1.295-1.342 Å and bond dissociation energies were <400 kcal/mol. Natural bond orbital analysis supported the presence of excess electron density (>3 electrons) at the N+ center. The computational and X-ray diffraction analysis results confirmed the presence of divalent NI character of center nitrogen and MIC→N+ ←NHC coordination interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurudutt Dubey
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, 160062, Punjab, India
| | - Shruti Awari
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, 160062, Punjab, India
| | - Tejender Singh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, 160062, Punjab, India
| | - Subash C Sahoo
- Department of Chemistry, Panjab University, Sector 14, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Prasad V Bharatam
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, 160062, Punjab, India
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9
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Singh T, Sahoo SC, Bharatam PV. Compound with possible N → N coordination bond: Synthesis, crystal structure and electronic structure analysis. Tetrahedron Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2021.153246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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10
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Kathuria D, Raul AD, Wanjari P, Bharatam PV. Biguanides: Species with versatile therapeutic applications. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 219:113378. [PMID: 33857729 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Biguanides are compounds in which two guanidine moieties are fused to form a highly conjugated system. Biguanides are highly basic and hence they are available as salts mostly hydrochloride salts, these cationic species have been found to exhibit many therapeutic properties. This review covers the research and development carried out on biguanides and accounts the various therapeutic applications of drugs containing biguanide group-such as antimalarial, antidiabetic, antiviral, anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-tubercular, antifilarial, anti-HIV, as well as other biological activities. The aim of this review is to compile all the medicinal chemistry applications of this class of compounds so as to pave way for the accelerated efforts in finding the drug action mechanisms associated with this class of compounds. Importance has been given to the organic chemistry of these biguanide derivatives also.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Kathuria
- University Center for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Punjab, 140413, India
| | - Akshay D Raul
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S. A. S. Nagar, 160 062, Punjab, India
| | - Pravin Wanjari
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S. A. S. Nagar, 160 062, Punjab, India
| | - Prasad V Bharatam
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S. A. S. Nagar, 160 062, Punjab, India.
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11
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Quantum chemical study in exploring the role of donor→acceptor interactions in 1,3-bis carbene-stabilized guanidinium cations. J Mol Model 2021; 27:87. [PMID: 33598784 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-021-04707-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Guanidinium species are highly basic and hence mostly exist in cationic state. Because these cations carry electron-deficient centers, they can be stabilized with the help of electron-donating ligands like N-heterocyclic carbenes. A few novel guanidinium cationic species stabilized by electron-donating ligands were designed and quantum chemically evaluated. It was shown that strong hydrogen bonds and tautomerism are the important characteristics of these species. Further, the possibility of donor→acceptor coordination interactions in these species have been explored between the electron-donating carbenes and the central guanidinium unit. The results suggest that the title compounds can be considered as ligand-stabilized guanidinium cations similar to the ligand-stabilized N+ and N3+ centers.
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12
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Sofi FA, Bharatam PV. Synthesis of Drugs and Biorelevant N-heterocycles Employing Recent Advances in C-N Bond Formation. CURR ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272824999200909114144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
C-N bond formation is a particularly important step in the generation of many
biologically relevant heterocyclic molecules. Several methods have been reported for this
purpose over the past few decades. Well-known named reactions like Ullmann-Goldberg
coupling, Buchwald-Hartwig coupling and Chan-Lam coupling are associated with the C-N
bond formation reactions. Several reviews covering this topic have already been published.
However, no comprehensive review covering the synthesis of drugs/ lead compounds using
the C-N bond formation reactions was reported. In this review, we cover many modern
methods of the C-N bond formation reactions, with special emphasis on metal-free and
green chemistry methods. We also report specific strategies adopted for the synthesis of
drugs, which involve the C-N bond formation reactions. Examples include anti-cancer,
antidepressant, anti-inflammatory, anti-atherosclerotic, anti-histaminic, antibiotics, antibacterial, anti-rheumatic,
antiepileptic and anti-diabetic agents. Many recently developed lead compounds generated using the C-N bond
formation reactions are also covered in this review. Examples include MAP kinase inhibitors, TRKs inhibitors,
Polo-like Kinase inhibitors and MPS1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firdoos Ahmad Sofi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S Nagar 160 062, Punjab, India
| | - Prasad V. Bharatam
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S Nagar 160 062, Punjab, India
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13
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Patel N, Arfeen M, Singh T, Bhagat S, Sakhare A, Bharatam PV. Divalent N I Compounds: Identifying new Carbocyclic Carbenes to Design Nitreones using Quantum Chemical Methods. J Comput Chem 2020; 41:2624-2633. [PMID: 32964506 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Nitreones are compounds with oxidation state 1 at the nitrogen, these compounds carry formal positive charge as well as two lone pairs of electrons at nitrogen center. These compounds are also known as divalent NI compounds and can be represented with the general formula L → N+ ← L, where L is an electron donating ligand. In the recent past, several divalent NI compounds have been reported with L = N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC), remote N-heterocyclic carbene (rNHC), carbocyclic carbene (CCC) and diaminocarbene. Recently, our group reported that a novel six-membered CCC (cyclohexa-2,5-diene-4-[diaminomethynyl]-1-ylidene) can stabilize N+ center in nitreones. As an independent carbene, this species is very unstable. In this work, modulation of this CCC using (a) annulation, (b) heterocyclic ring modification, (c) substitutions adjacent to the carbenic carbon, (d) exocyclic double bond insertion and (e) ring contraction, has been reported. These modulations and quantum chemical analyses helped in the identification of five new six-membered CCCs which carry improved donation and stability properties. Further, these CCCs were employed in the design of new divalent NI compounds (nitreones) which carry coordination bonds between ligands and N+ center. The molecular and electronic structure properties, and the donor→acceptor coordination interactions present in the resultant low oxidation state divalent NI compounds have been explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Patel
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S. A. S. Nagar, Punjab, India
- Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb R&D Center (BBRC), Syngene International Ltd., Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Minhajul Arfeen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S. A. S. Nagar, Punjab, India
| | - Tejender Singh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S. A. S. Nagar, Punjab, India
| | - Shweta Bhagat
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S. A. S. Nagar, Punjab, India
| | - Ajay Sakhare
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S. A. S. Nagar, Punjab, India
| | - Prasad V Bharatam
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S. A. S. Nagar, Punjab, India
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14
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Gelbrich T, Lampl M, Laus G, Kahlenberg V, Huppertz H, Schottenberger H. Synthesis and crystal structures of two 1,3-di(alk-yloxy)-2-(methyl-sulfan-yl)imidazolium tetra-fluorido-borates. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION E-CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC COMMUNICATIONS 2020; 76:552-556. [PMID: 32280502 PMCID: PMC7133041 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989020003643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In both structures, the alkyloxy and methylsulfanyl groups are rotated out of the plane of the respective heterocyclic ring. Two salts were prepared by methylation of the respective imidazoline-2-thione at the sulfur atom, using Meerwein’s salt (trimethyloxonium tetrafluoridoborate) in CH2Cl2. 1,3-Dimethoxy-2-(methylsulfanyl)imidazolium tetrafluoridoborate (1), C6H11N2O2S+·BF4−, displays a syn conformation of its two methoxy groups relative to each other whereas the two benzyloxy groups present in 1,3-dibenzyloxy-2-(methylsulfanyl)imidazolium tetrafluoridoborate (2), C18H19N2O2S+·BF4−, adopt an anti conformation. In the molecules of 1 and 2, the methylsulfanyl group is rotated out of the plane of the respective heterocyclic ring. In both crystal structures, intermolecular interactions are dominated by C—H⋯F—B contacts, leading to three-dimensional networks. The tetrafluoridoborate counter-ion of 2 is disordered over three orientations (occupancy ratio 0.42:0.34:0.24), which are related by rotation about one of the B—F bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Gelbrich
- University of Innsbruck, Institute of Pharmacy, Innrain 52, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martin Lampl
- University of Innsbruck, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gerhard Laus
- University of Innsbruck, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Volker Kahlenberg
- University of Innsbruck, Institute of Mineralogy and Petrography, Innrain 52, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Hubert Huppertz
- University of Innsbruck, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Herwig Schottenberger
- University of Innsbruck, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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15
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Singh T, Bharatam PV. Donor→acceptor coordination interactions in 1,3-bis(NHC)triazenyl Cations: An electronic structure analysis. J Comput Chem 2019; 40:2207-2215. [PMID: 31144352 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.25872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Donor→acceptor coordination interactions (L → N) between ligands and nitrogen center as in L → N⊕ ← L were reported in the recent past. This article describes the possibility of L → N coordination interactions in triazenyl cation species L → N3 ⊕ ← L. A few 1,3-bis(NHC)triazenyl cation species were experimentally known, the electronic structure analysis reported in this work reveals the presence of L → N (donor→acceptor) interactions in these species. Molecular orbital analysis, NBO charge analysis, energy decomposition analysis, and so forth, confirm the possibility of L → N coordination bond character. Ten molecules with the general formula L → N3 ⊕ ← L have been designed carrying L → N3 ⊕ ← L interactions. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejender Singh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, 160 062, India
| | - Prasad V Bharatam
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, 160 062, India
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16
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Singh T, George A, Parameswaran P, Bharatam PV. Enols, Diamino Enols, and Breslow Intermediates: A Comparative Quantum Chemical Analysis. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201801817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tejender Singh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry; National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67; 160 062 S.A.S. Nagar - Punjab India
| | - Anjana George
- Department of Chemistry; National Institute of Technology Calicut; NIT Calicut Campus P.O. 673 601 Kozhikode - Kerala India
| | - Pattiyil Parameswaran
- Department of Chemistry; National Institute of Technology Calicut; NIT Calicut Campus P.O. 673 601 Kozhikode - Kerala India
| | - Prasad V. Bharatam
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry; National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67; 160 062 S.A.S. Nagar - Punjab India
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17
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Ghalehshahi HG, Balalaie S, Sohbati HR, Azizian H, Alavijeh MS. Synthesis, CYP 450 evaluation, and docking simulation of novel 4-aminopyridine and coumarin derivatives. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2019; 352:e1800247. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201800247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hajar G. Ghalehshahi
- Peptide Chemistry Research Center; K. N. Toosi University of Technology; Tehran Iran
| | - Saeed Balalaie
- Peptide Chemistry Research Center; K. N. Toosi University of Technology; Tehran Iran
- Medical Biology Research Center; Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences; Kermanshah Iran
| | - Hamid R. Sohbati
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry; Tehran University of Medical Science; Tehran Iran
| | - Homa Azizian
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy international Campus; Iran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
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18
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Chourasiya SS, Kathuria D, Wani AA, Bharatam PV. Azines: synthesis, structure, electronic structure and their applications. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:8486-8521. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ob01272a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Azines (2,3-diaza-1,3-butadienes): structure, electronic structure, tautomerism, and their applications in organic synthesis, medicinal chemistry and materials chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit S. Chourasiya
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)
- India
| | - Deepika Kathuria
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)
- India
| | - Aabid Abdullah Wani
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)
- India
| | - Prasad V. Bharatam
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)
- India
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19
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Bhagat S, Arfeen M, Das G, Patel N, Bharatam PV. Electronic and ligating properties of carbocyclic carbenes: A theoretical investigation. J Comput Chem 2018; 40:726-733. [PMID: 30549074 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.25756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Revised: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Carbocyclic carbenes (CCCs) are a class of nucleophilic carbenes which are very similar to N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) in terms of their reactivity, but they do not contain a stabilizing heteroatom in their cyclic ring system. In this study, 17 representative known CCCs and 34 newly designed CCCs are evaluated using quantum chemical methods, and the results are compared in terms of their stability, nucleophilicity, and proton affinity (PA) parameters. The results are divided on the basis of ring size of the known and reported CCCs. The stability, nucleophilicity, PA, complexation energy, and bond strength-related parameters were estimated using M06/6-311++G(d,p) method. The results indicated that the CCCs known in the literature are strong σ-electron donating species and have considerable π-accepting properties. This study led to the design and identification of a few new CCCs with dimethylamine and diaminomethynyl substituents which can be singlet stable and are substantially nucleophilic. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Bhagat
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 160062, India
| | - Minhajul Arfeen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 160062, India
| | - Gourav Das
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 160062, India
| | - Neha Patel
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 160062, India
| | - Prasad V Bharatam
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 160062, India
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20
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Abstract
Phase-transfer catalysts (PTCs), currently, are one of the most important tools of chemists for performing organic reactions. PTCs accelerate several types of reactions in biphasic systems, giving excellent yields of the desired product. Most of the PTCs belong to the general formula NR4+X-. In the recent past, several compounds possessing a novel scaffold with the general formula NL2+X- have been reported as PTCs. In the NL2+ species, a nitrogen atom with a formal positive charge accepts electron density from electron-donating ligands. Electronic structure studies reported in the literature confirmed the possibility of L → N coordination (donor-acceptor) interactions in these species, and thus, this class of compounds are known as divalent NI compounds. These species are reported to exhibit better catalytic potential in comparison to the traditional NR4+ systems. Some of the NL2+ systems are found to be useful in asymmetric phase-transfer catalysis. Thus, these systems offer extensive opportunities for exploring the catalytic properties and novel mechanistic aspects associated with their unique electronic structure. In this paper, the synthesis, electronic, and structural properties and the applications in catalysis of the NL2+-based PTCs are reviewed with their bright future scope in catalytic organic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Patel
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) , Sector 67, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar 160 062 , Punjab , India
| | - Radhika Sood
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) , Sector 67, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar 160 062 , Punjab , India
| | - Prasad V Bharatam
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) , Sector 67, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar 160 062 , Punjab , India
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