1
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Einafshar E, Ghorbani A. Advances in Black Phosphorus Quantum Dots for Cancer Research: Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2024; 382:25. [PMID: 39009867 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-024-00470-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
In the past few years, there has been notable advancement in nanotechnology, leading to the development of new materials with potential uses in the medical field, especially in cancer diagnosis, imaging, and therapy. Black phosphorus quantum dots (BPQDs) are one of the emerging nanomaterials that have generated interest due to their unique properties and potential in biomedical applications. This review aims to give a detailed overview of how BPQDs are synthesized, characterized, and utilized. The synthesis methods of BPQDs are discussed, with a focus on obtaining size-controlled and high-quality BPQDs. Two main approaches, top-down exfoliation and bottom-up techniques, are described. Despite advancements in synthesis, there are challenges hindering the practical application of BPQDs, such as poor dispersion and short durability. To address these issues, techniques to enhance biocompatibility and reduce potential toxicity, such as surface modifications, are discussed. BPQDs have potential in bioimaging as they offer higher resolution and sensitivity compared with traditional imaging agents. Their small size and expansive surface area make them suitable for drug delivery systems, enabling the effective incorporation of therapeutic substances. By functionalizing BPQDs with targeting ligands, they can selectively bind to cancer cells or tissue, making them ideal for targeted therapies. Moreover, BPQDs can serve as biosensors to detect biomarkers in bodily fluids, further expanding their biomedical applications. However, before they can be successfully translated into clinical settings, further research is needed to optimize the synthesis methods of BPQDs and evaluate their long-term safety profiles. Nonetheless, with ongoing research and development, the medical uses of BPQDs are expected to expand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Einafshar
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Ahmad Ghorbani
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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2
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Guo W, Song X, Liu J, Liu W, Chu X, Lei Z. Quantum Dots as a Potential Multifunctional Material for the Enhancement of Clinical Diagnosis Strategies and Cancer Treatments. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:1088. [PMID: 38998693 PMCID: PMC11243735 DOI: 10.3390/nano14131088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Quantum dots (QDs) represent a class of nanoscale wide bandgap semiconductors, and are primarily composed of metals, lipids, or polymers. Their unique electronic and optical properties, which stem from their wide bandgap characteristics, offer significant advantages for early cancer detection and treatment. Metal QDs have already demonstrated therapeutic potential in early tumor imaging and therapy. However, biological toxicity has led to the development of various non-functionalized QDs, such as carbon QDs (CQDs), graphene QDs (GQDs), black phosphorus QDs (BPQDs) and perovskite quantum dots (PQDs). To meet the diverse needs of clinical cancer treatment, functionalized QDs with an array of modifications (lipid, protein, organic, and inorganic) have been further developed. These advancements combine the unique material properties of QDs with the targeted capabilities of biological therapy to effectively kill tumors through photodynamic therapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and other means. In addition to tumor-specific therapy, the fluorescence quantum yield of QDs has gradually increased with technological progress, enabling their significant application in both in vivo and in vitro imaging. This review delves into the role of QDs in the development and improvement of clinical cancer treatments, emphasizing their wide bandgap semiconductor properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Guo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Xueru Song
- Department of Medical Oncology, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Wanyi Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Zengjie Lei
- Department of Medical Oncology, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210000, China
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3
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Yuan Y, Chen B, Song L, An X, Zhang Q, Lu H, Li CM, Guo C. Magnetic two-dimensional nanocomposites for multimodal antitumor therapy: a recent review. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:1404-1428. [PMID: 38251275 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb02333h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Magnetic two-dimensional nanocomposites (M2D NCs) that synergistically combine magnetic nanomedicine and 2D nanomaterials have emerged in multimodal antitumor therapy, attracting great interest in materials science and biomedical engineering. This review provides a summary of the recent advances of M2D NCs and their multimodal antitumor applications. We first introduce the design and fabrication of M2D NCs, followed by discussing new types of M2D NCs that have been recently reported. Then, a detailed analysis and discussions about the different types of M2D NCs are presented based on the structural categories of 2D NMs, including 2D graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), transition metal carbides/nitrides/carbonitrides (MXenes), black phosphorus (BP), layered double hydroxides (LDHs), metal organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent organic frameworks (COFs) and other 2D nanomaterials. In particular, we focus on the synthesis strategies, magnetic or optical responsive performance, and the versatile antitumor applications, which include magnetic hyperthermia therapy (MHT), photothermal therapy (PTT), photodynamic therapy (PDT), drug delivery, immunotherapy and multimodal imaging. We conclude the review by proposing future developments with an emphasis on the mass production and biodegradation mechanism of the M2D NCs. This work is expected to provide a comprehensive overview to researchers and engineers who are interested in such a research field and promote the clinical translation of M2D NCs in practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yuan
- Institute of Materials Science and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, 99 Xuefu Road, Suzhou, 215009, Jiangsu, P. R. China.
| | - Bo Chen
- Institute of Materials Science and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, 99 Xuefu Road, Suzhou, 215009, Jiangsu, P. R. China.
| | - Luping Song
- Institute of Materials Science and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, 99 Xuefu Road, Suzhou, 215009, Jiangsu, P. R. China.
| | - Xingxing An
- Institute of Materials Science and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, 99 Xuefu Road, Suzhou, 215009, Jiangsu, P. R. China.
| | - Qinrui Zhang
- Institute of Materials Science and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, 99 Xuefu Road, Suzhou, 215009, Jiangsu, P. R. China.
| | - Hao Lu
- Institute of Materials Science and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, 99 Xuefu Road, Suzhou, 215009, Jiangsu, P. R. China.
| | - Chang Ming Li
- Institute of Materials Science and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, 99 Xuefu Road, Suzhou, 215009, Jiangsu, P. R. China.
| | - Chunxian Guo
- Institute of Materials Science and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, 99 Xuefu Road, Suzhou, 215009, Jiangsu, P. R. China.
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Li Z, Bai R, Yi J, Zhou H, Xian J, Chen C. Designing Smart Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for MR Imaging of Tumors. CHEMICAL & BIOMEDICAL IMAGING 2023; 1:315-339. [PMID: 37501794 PMCID: PMC10369497 DOI: 10.1021/cbmi.3c00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) possess unique magnetism and good biocompatibility, and they have been widely applied as contrast agents (CAs) for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Traditional CAs typically show a fixed enhanced signal, thus exhibiting the limitations of low sensitivity and a lack of specificity. Nowadays, the progress of stimulus-responsive IONPs allows alteration of the relaxation signal in response to internal stimuli of the tumor, or external stimuli, thus providing an opportunity to overcome those limitations. This review summarizes the current status of smart IONPs as tumor imaging MRI CAs that exhibit responsiveness to endogenous stimuli, such as pH, hypoxia, glutathione, and enzymes, or exogenous stimuli, such as magnets, light, and so on. We discuss the challenges and future opportunities for IONPs as MRI CAs and comprehensively illustrate the applications of these stimuli-responsive IONPs. This review will help provide guidance for designing IONPs as MRI CAs and further promote the reasonable design of magnetic nanoparticles and achieve early and accurate tumor detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Li
- CAS
Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanoparticles and Nanosafety
& CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- Department
of Radiology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Ru Bai
- CAS
Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanoparticles and Nanosafety
& CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Research
Unit of Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese
Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Jia Yi
- Guangdong
Provincial Development and Reform Commission, Guangzhou 510031, China
| | - Huige Zhou
- CAS
Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanoparticles and Nanosafety
& CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Research
Unit of Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese
Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Junfang Xian
- Department
of Radiology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Chunying Chen
- CAS
Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanoparticles and Nanosafety
& CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Research
Unit of Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese
Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, China
- The
GBA National Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Guangzhou 510700, China
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5
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Cao X, Fu M, Du Q, Chang Z. Developmental toxicity of black phosphorus quantum dots in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. CHEMOSPHERE 2023:139029. [PMID: 37244547 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterials have attracted much attention in the biomedical field. Black phosphorus quantum dots (BPQDs) have shown great potential in biomedical applications, but their potential risks to biosafety and environmental stability have not been fully evaluated. In the present study, zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos were exposed to 0, 2.5, 5 and 10 mg/L BPQDs from 2 to 144 h post-fertilization (hpf) to explore developmental toxicity. The results showed that exposure to BPQDs for 96 h induced developmental malformations (tail deformation, yolk sac edema, pericardial edema, and spinal curvature) in zebrafish embryos. ROS and antioxidant enzyme activities (CAT, SOD, MDA and T-AOC) were substantially altered and the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme activity was significantly decreased in the BPQDs exposed groups. Locomotor behavior was inhibited after BPQDs exposure for 144 h in zebrafish larvae. A significant increase in 8-OHdG content indicates DNA oxidative damage in embryos. In addition, obvious apoptotic fluorescence signals were detected in the brain, spine, yolk sac and heart. At the molecular level, the mRNA transcript levels of key genes related to skeletal development (igf1, gh, MyoD and LOX), neurodevelopment (gfap, pomca, bdnf and Mbpa), cardiovascular development (Myh6, Nkx2.5, Myl7, Tbx2b, Tbx5 and Gata4) and apoptosis (p53, Bax, Bcl-2, apaf1, caspase-3 and caspase-9) were abnormal after BPQDs exposure. In conclusion, BPQDs induced morphological malformations, oxidative stress, locomotor behavior disorders, DNA oxidative damage and apoptosis in zebrafish embryos. This study provides a basis for further study on the toxic effects of BPQDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Cao
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China
| | - Mengxiao Fu
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China
| | - Qiyan Du
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China
| | - Zhongjie Chang
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China.
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Kou Q, Huang Y, Su Y, Lu L, Li X, Jiang H, Huang R, Li J, Nie X. Erythrocyte membrane-camouflaged DNA-functionalized upconversion nanoparticles for tumor-targeted chemotherapy and immunotherapy. NANOSCALE 2023. [PMID: 37161583 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr00542a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
A synergistic combination of treatment with immunogenic cell death (ICD) inducers and immunoadjuvants may be a practical way to boost the anticancer response and successfully induce an immune response. The use of HR@UCNPs/CpG-Apt/DOX, new biomimetic drug delivery nanoparticles generated to combat breast cancer, is reported here as a unique strategy to produce immunogenicity and boost cancer immunotherapy. HR@UCNPs/CpG-Apt/DOX (HR-UCAD) consists of two parts. The core is composed of an immunoadjuvant CpG (a toll-like receptor 9 agonist) fused with a dendritic cell-specific aptamer sequence (CpG-Apt) to decorate upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) with the successful intercalation of doxorubicin (DOX) into the consecutive base pairs of Apt-CpG to construct an immune nanodrug UCNPs@CpG-Apt/DOX. The targeting molecule hyaluronic acid (HA) was inserted into a red blood cell membrane (RBCm) to form the shell (HR). HR-UCAD possessed a strong capacity to specifically induce ICD. Following DOX-induced ICD of cancer cells, sufficient exposure to tumor antigens and UCNPs@CpG-Apt (UCA) activated the tumor-specific immune response and reversed the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. In addition, HR-UCAD has good biocompatibility and increases the active tumor-targeting effect. Furthermore, HR-UCAD exhibits excellent near-infrared upconversion luminescence emission at 804 nm under irradiation with a 980 nm laser, which has great potential in biomedical imaging. Thus, the RBCm-camouflaged drug delivery system is a promising targeted chemotherapy and immunotherapy nanocomplex that could be used for effective targeted breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinjie Kou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yufen Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yanrong Su
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Lu Lu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
| | - Xisheng Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Haiye Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Rong Huang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
| | - Xinmin Nie
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Optoelectronic Health Detection, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China.
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7
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Nene A, Geng S, Zhou W, Yu XF, Luo H, Ramakrishna S. Black Phosphorous Aptamer-based Platform for Biomarker Detection. Curr Med Chem 2023; 30:935-952. [PMID: 35220933 DOI: 10.2174/0929867329666220225110302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Black phosphorus nanostructures (nano-BPs) mainly include BP nanosheets (BP NSs), BP quantum dots (BPQDs), and other nano-BPs-based particles at nanoscale. Firstly discovered in 2014, nano-BPs are one of the most popular nanomaterials. Different synthesis methods are discussed in short to understand the basic concepts and developments in synthesis. Exfoliated nano-BPs, i.e. nano-BPs possess high surface area, high photothermal conversion efficacy, excellent biocompatibility, high charge carrier mobility (~1000 cm-2V-1s-1), thermal conductivity of 86 Wm-1K-1; and these properties make it a highly potential candidate for fabrication of biosensing platform. These properties enable nano-BPs to be promising photothermal/drug delivery agents as well as in electrochemical data storage devices and sensing devices; and in super capacitors, photodetectors, photovoltaics and solar cells, LEDs, super-conductors, etc. Early diagnosis is very critical in the health sector scenarios. This review attempts to highlight the attempts made towards attaining stable BP, BP-aptamer conjugates for successful biosensing applications. BP-aptamer- based platforms are reviewed to highlight the significance of BP in detecting biological and physiological markers of cardiovascular diseases and cancer; to be useful in disease diagnosis and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajinkya Nene
- Materials Interfaces Center, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Shengyong Geng
- Materials Interfaces Center, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenhua Zhou
- Materials Interfaces Center, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Xue-Feng Yu
- Materials Interfaces Center, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongrong Luo
- Materials Interfaces Center, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- Center for Nanofibers and Nanotechnology, National University of Singapore, 117576, Singapore
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8
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Li Z, Song J, Yang H. Emerging low-dimensional black phosphorus: from physical-optical properties to biomedical applications. Sci China Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-022-1355-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Zeng J, Ruan F, Wu M, Xu J, Zuo Z, Yu Y, He C. Black phosphorus quantum dots cause glucose metabolism disorder and insulin resistance in mice. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 246:114168. [PMID: 36244174 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Black phosphorus quantum dots (BPQDs) are considered to have wide application prospects due to their excellent properties. However, there is no study on the effect of BPQDs on glucose metabolism. In this study, blood glucose was significantly increased when mice were continuously intragastrically administered 0.1 and 1 mg/kg bw BPQDs. The blood glucose level of the mice was elevated from Day 7 to Day 28. BPQD exposure also decreased the area under the curve (AUC) of the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). After exposure, the pancreas somatic index was increased. Moreover, the serum insulin and glucagon levels were elevated and the relative area of islet β cells was increased in BPQD-exposed mice, while insulin signaling cascades were reduced in muscle tissues. In summary, our study demonstrated for the first time that BPQD exposure induces glucose disorder and insulin resistance in muscle, which is helpful to understand the biosafety of black phosphorus nanomaterials and promote the sustainable development of nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Fujian Clinical Research Center for Chronic Glomerular Disease, Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Fengkai Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Fujian Clinical Research Center for Chronic Glomerular Disease, Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Mingtao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Fujian Clinical Research Center for Chronic Glomerular Disease, Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Jiaying Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Fujian Clinical Research Center for Chronic Glomerular Disease, Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Zhenghong Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Fujian Clinical Research Center for Chronic Glomerular Disease, Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yi Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Fujian Clinical Research Center for Chronic Glomerular Disease, Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Chengyong He
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Fujian Clinical Research Center for Chronic Glomerular Disease, Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
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10
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Recent progress in two-dimensional nanomaterials for cancer theranostics. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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11
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Cao T, Tong W, Feng F, Zhang S, Li Y, Liang S, Wang X, Chen Z, Zhang Y. H 2O 2 generation enhancement by ultrasonic nebulisation with a zinc layer for spray disinfection. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL (LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND : 1996) 2022. [PMID: 34899039 DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2022.134886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
With the outbreak of COVID-19, microbial pollution has gained increasing attention as a threat to human health. Consequently, many research efforts are being devoted to the development of efficient disinfection methods. In this context, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) stands out as a green and broad-spectrum disinfectant, which can be produced and sprayed in the air directly by cavitation in ultrasonic nebulisation. However, the yield of H2O2 obtained by ultrasonic nebulisation is too low to satisfy the requirements for disinfection by spraying and needs to be improved to achieve efficient disinfection of the air and objects. Herein, we report the introduction of a zinc layer into an ultrasonic nebuliser to improve the production of H2O2 and generate additional Zn2+ by self-corrosion, achieving good disinfecting performance. Specifically, a zinc layer was assembled on the oscillator plate of a commercial ultrasonic nebuliser, resulting in a 21-fold increase in the yield of H2O2 and the production of 4.75 μg/mL Zn2+ in the spraying droplets. When the generated water mist was used to treat a bottle polluted with Escherichia coli for 30 min, the sterilisation rate reached 93.53%. This ultrasonic nebulisation using a functional zinc layer successfully enhanced the production of H2O2 while generating Zn2+, providing a platform for the development of new methodologies of spray disinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Cao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wangshu Tong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Feng Feng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shuting Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yanan Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shaojie Liang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhensheng Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yihe Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
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Fan X, Wu X, Yang F, Wang L, Ludwig K, Ma L, Trampuz A, Cheng C, Haag R. A Nanohook‐Equipped Bionanocatalyst for Localized Near‐Infrared‐Enhanced Catalytic Bacterial Disinfection. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202113833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Fan
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry Freie Universität Berlin Takustraße 3 14195 Berlin Germany
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT) Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin Corporate Member of Freie-Universität Berlin Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) Berlin Germany
| | - Xizheng Wu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Physics Freie Universität Berlin Arnimallee 14 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Lei Wang
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT) Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin Corporate Member of Freie-Universität Berlin Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) Berlin Germany
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health Berlin Germany
| | - Kai Ludwig
- Research Center for Electron Microscopy and Core Facility BioSupraMol Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry Freie Universität Berlin Fabeckstrasse 36a 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Lang Ma
- Department of Ultrasound West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Andrej Trampuz
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT) Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin Corporate Member of Freie-Universität Berlin Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) Berlin Germany
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health Berlin Germany
| | - Chong Cheng
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry Freie Universität Berlin Takustraße 3 14195 Berlin Germany
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Fan X, Wu X, Yang F, Wang L, Ludwig K, Ma L, Trampuz A, Cheng C, Haag R. A Nanohook-Equipped Bionanocatalyst for Localized Near-Infrared-Enhanced Catalytic Bacterial Disinfection. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202113833. [PMID: 34825759 PMCID: PMC9303663 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202113833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Novel bionanocatalysts have opened a new era in fighting multidrug‐resistant (MDR) bacteria. They can kill bacteria by elevating the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the presence of chemicals like H2O2. However, ROSs’ ultrashort diffusion distance limit their bactericidal activity. We present a nanohook‐equipped bionanocatalyst (Ni@Co‐NC) with bacterial binding ability that shows robust ROS‐generating capacity under physiological H2O2 levels. The Ni@Co‐NC's pH‐dependent performance confines its effects to the biofilm microenvironment, leaving healthy tissue unaffected. Furthermore, it can generate heat upon NIR laser irradiation, enhancing its catalytic performance while achieving heat ablation against bacteria. With the Ni@Co‐NC's synergistic effects, bacterial populations fall by >99.99 %. More surprisingly, the mature biofilm shows no recurrence after treatment with the Ni@Co‐NC, demonstrating its tremendous potential for treating MDR bacterial related infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Fan
- Freie Universität Berlin Fachbereich Biologie Chemie Pharmazie: Freie Universitat Berlin Fachbereich Biologie Chemie Pharmazie, Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, GERMANY
| | - Xizheng Wu
- Sichuan University, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, CHINA
| | - Fan Yang
- Freie Universitat Berlin, Physics, GERMANY
| | - Lei Wang
- Charite Universitatsmedizin Berlin Campus Charite Mitte: Charite Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, GERMANY
| | - Kai Ludwig
- Freie Universität Berlin Fachbereich Biologie Chemie Pharmazie: Freie Universitat Berlin Fachbereich Biologie Chemie Pharmazie, Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, GERMANY
| | - Lang Ma
- Sichuan University, Department of Ultrasound, CHINA
| | - Andrej Trampuz
- Charite Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, GERMANY
| | - Chong Cheng
- Sichuan University, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, CHINA
| | - Rainer Haag
- Freie Universität Berlin Fachbereich Biologie Chemie Pharmazie: Freie Universitat Berlin Fachbereich Biologie Chemie Pharmazie, Takustr. 3, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 14195, Berlin, GERMANY
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14
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Sohail M, Guo W, Li Z, Xu H, Zhao F, Chen D, Fu F. Nanocarrier-based Drug Delivery System for Cancer Therapeutics: A Review of the Last Decade. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:3753-3772. [PMID: 33019919 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666201005111722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, due to the shortcomings of conventional chemotherapy, such as poor bioavailability, low treatment index, and unclear side effects, the focus of cancer research has shifted to new nanocarriers of chemotherapeutic drugs. By using biodegradable materials, nanocarriers generally have the advantages of good biocompatibility, low side effects, targeting, controlled release profile, and improved efficacy. More to the point, nanocarrier based anti-cancer drug delivery systems clearly show the potential to overcome the problems associated with conventional chemotherapy. In order to promote the in-depth research and development in this field, we herein summarized and analyzed various nanocarrier based drug delivery systems for cancer therapy, including the concepts, types, characteristics, and preparation methods. The active and passive targeting mechanisms of cancer therapy were also included, along with a brief introduction of the research progress of nanocarriers used for anti-cancer drug delivery in the past decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sohail
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Wenna Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Zhiyong Li
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Hui Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Daquan Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Fenghua Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Yantai University, Yantai, China
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15
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Wang L, Chen S, Pei W, Huang B, Niu C. Magnetically targeted erythrocyte membrane coated nanosystem for synergistic photothermal/chemotherapy of cancer. J Mater Chem B 2021; 8:4132-4142. [PMID: 32270160 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb00364f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Combination photothermal therapy (PTT)/chemotherapy has become an emerging cancer treatment strategy in recent years. However, one of the important challenges in the development of nanomedicines is escaping immune recognition and the phagocytosis by the reticuloendothelial system (RES) to ultimately maximize tumor accumulation. In this work, a cell membrane-coated magnetically targeted drug delivery nanosystem was developed for synergistic PTT/chemotherapy of cancer. Importantly, this nanosystem can cleverly escape identification and clearance from the immune system, effectively prolong the blood circulation time and accurately accumulate in the target tumor tissues. This provides a new strategy to realize extraordinary antitumor effect by a unique design with cell membrane cloaking, magnetic targeting, drug delivery and synergistic PTT/chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Wang
- Research Center of Ultrasonography, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China and Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Sijie Chen
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.
| | - Wenjing Pei
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.
| | - Biying Huang
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.
| | - Chengcheng Niu
- Research Center of Ultrasonography, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China and Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.
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16
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Liu W, Dong A, Wang B, Zhang H. Current Advances in Black Phosphorus-Based Drug Delivery Systems for Cancer Therapy. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2003033. [PMID: 33717847 PMCID: PMC7927632 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202003033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Cancer has been one of the major threats to the lives of human beings for centuries. Traditional therapy is more or less faced with certain defects, such as poor targeting, easy degradation, high side effects, etc. Therefore, in order to improve the treatment efficiency of drugs, an intelligent drug delivery system (DDS) is considered as a promising solution strategy. Due to their special structure and large specific surface area, 2D materials are considered to be a good platform for drug delivery. Black phosphorus (BP), as a new star of the 2D family, is recommended to have the potential to construct DDS by virtue of its outstanding photothermal therapy (PTT), photodynamic therapy (PDT), and biodegradable properties. This tutorial review is intended to provide an introduction of the current advances in BP-based DDSs for cancer therapy, which covers topics from its construction, classified by the types of platforms, to the stimuli-responsive controlled drug release. Moreover, their cancer therapy applications including mono-, bi-, and multi-modal synergistic cancer therapy as well as the research of biocompatibility are also discussed. Finally, the current status and future prospects of BP-based DDSs for cancer therapy are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringInner Mongolia UniversityHohhot010021P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Dairy Quality and Safety Control TechnologyMinistry of EducationInner Mongolia UniversityHohhot010021P. R. China
| | - Alideertu Dong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringInner Mongolia UniversityHohhot010021P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Dairy Quality and Safety Control TechnologyMinistry of EducationInner Mongolia UniversityHohhot010021P. R. China
| | - Bing Wang
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Phosphorene and OptoelectronicsKey Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong ProvinceCollege of Physics and Optoelectronic EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060P. R. China
| | - Han Zhang
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Phosphorene and OptoelectronicsKey Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong ProvinceCollege of Physics and Optoelectronic EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060P. R. China
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17
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Wang W, Zhang Q, Zhang M, Liu Y, Shen J, Zhou N, Lu X, Zhao C. Multifunctional red carbon dots: a theranostic platform for magnetic resonance imaging and fluorescence imaging-guided chemodynamic therapy. Analyst 2021; 145:3592-3597. [PMID: 32319476 DOI: 10.1039/d0an00267d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, carbon dots (CDs) with red-emitting wavelengths have received increasing attention in cancer therapy and imaging. Here, we reported a multi-functional CD based platform combining bimodal magnetic resonance/fluorescence (MR/FL) imaging and chemodynamic therapy (CDT) for in vivo imaging of tumor tissues and efficient anticancer treatment. The red-emitting CDs were synthesized via a one-step solvothermal method with p-phenylenediamine as the carbon source. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) was covalently coupled to the surface of CDs and then complexed with Fe2+ and Gd3+ to obtain functionalized red CDs (CDs@EDTA@Gd@Fe). CDs@EDTA@Gd@Fe exhibited bright and stable fluorescence and strong T1-weighted MR imaging (MRI) contrast. Moreover, the CDs@EDTA@Gd@Fe showed an excellent anticancer effect both in vitro and in vivo via a Fenton reaction-based CDT by releasing Fe2+ in the tumor. Our study offers a promising strategy for developing multi-functional CDs for cancer theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China. and Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Biological Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qicheng Zhang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Biological Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China. and Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Biological Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yihan Liu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Biological Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jian Shen
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Biological Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ninglin Zhou
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Biological Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Lu
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China.
| | - Changhong Zhao
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China.
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18
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Anani T, Rahmati S, Sultana N, David AE. MRI-traceable theranostic nanoparticles for targeted cancer treatment. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:579-601. [PMID: 33391494 PMCID: PMC7738852 DOI: 10.7150/thno.48811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Current cancer therapies, including chemotherapy and radiotherapy, are imprecise, non-specific, and are often administered at high dosages - resulting in side effects that severely impact the patient's overall well-being. A variety of multifunctional, cancer-targeted nanotheranostic systems that integrate therapy, imaging, and tumor targeting functionalities in a single platform have been developed to overcome the shortcomings of traditional drugs. Among the imaging modalities used, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides high resolution imaging of structures deep within the body and, in combination with other imaging modalities, provides complementary diagnostic information for more accurate identification of tumor characteristics and precise guidance of anti-cancer therapy. This review article presents a comprehensive assessment of nanotheranostic systems that combine MRI-based imaging (T1 MRI, T2 MRI, and multimodal imaging) with therapy (chemo-, thermal-, gene- and combination therapy), connecting a range of topics including hybrid treatment options (e.g. combined chemo-gene therapy), unique MRI-based imaging (e.g. combined T1-T2 imaging, triple and quadruple multimodal imaging), novel targeting strategies (e.g. dual magnetic-active targeting and nanoparticles carrying multiple ligands), and tumor microenvironment-responsive drug release (e.g. redox and pH-responsive nanomaterials). With a special focus on systems that have been tested in vivo, this review is an essential summary of the most advanced developments in this rapidly evolving field.
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Liu B, Su Y, Wu S, Shen J. Two dimensional BP@AuNP nanocomposites for photothermal/photodynamic therapy mediated wound disinfection and infected wound healing under a single light source. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj03137f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BP@AuNP nanocomposites can perform photothermal and photodynamic therapies simultaneously and exhibited a synergistic combination of multiple therapies for S. aureus and E. coli under a 650 nm laser.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baolei Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yutian Su
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shishan Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jian Shen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, Nanjing 210023, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China
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20
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Zhou B, Guo Z, Lin Z, Jiang BP, Shen XC. Stimuli-Responsive Nanomaterials for Smart Tumor-Specific Phototherapeutics. ChemMedChem 2020; 16:919-931. [PMID: 33345434 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Phototherapy, a type of photoresponsive regulation of biological activities, together with additional stimuli-responsive features, offers significant potential for enhancing the precision and efficacy of cancer treatments. To achieve tumor-specific therapeutics, numerous studies have focused on the development of smart phototherapeutic nanomaterials (PNMs) that can respond to endogenous pathological characteristics (e. g., mild acidity, the overproduction of glutathione, the overproduction of hydrogen peroxide, the overexpression of specific surface receptors, etc.) present in the tumor and/or exogenous stimuli. Such responsiveness can effectively improve the physicochemical properties, cellular uptake, tumor-targeting performance, and pharmacokinetic profile of PNMs. Herein, we will systematically discuss recent advances in this field. Moreover, potential challenges and future directions in the development of stimuli-responsive PNMs are also presented to support the development of this emerging cutting-edge research area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, P. R. China
| | - Zhengxi Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoxin Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, P. R. China
| | - Bang-Ping Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, P. R. China
| | - Xing-Can Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, P. R. China
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21
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Pei W, Huang B, Chen S, Wang L, Xu Y, Niu C. Platelet-Mimicking Drug Delivery Nanoparticles for Enhanced Chemo-Photothermal Therapy of Breast Cancer. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:10151-10167. [PMID: 33363371 PMCID: PMC7754093 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s285952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditional nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems suffer from several limitations, such as easy clearance from blood and inaccurate targeting. MATERIALS AND METHODS Here, we developed platelet membrane-coated nanoparticles (PM-NPs) to improve the precise delivery of drugs to tumor sites and enable a more efficient photothermal therapy (PTT) treatment. RESULTS Mimicking the natural platelet membrane, nanoparticles containing drugs and photothermal agents were not recognized and cleared by the immune system; they could circulate in the blood for a long time and accumulate more efficiently at the tumor site, thus releasing more antitumor drugs and achieving better PTT effects. It is worth mentioning that, in this study, we found that tumors in mice treated with the platelet-mimicking nanoparticles were completely eliminated without recurrence during the observation period (up to 18 days). CONCLUSION This study provides a new strategy to design delivery systems of drugs or photothermal agents, whether in biotherapy or other fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Pei
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan410011, People’s Republic of China
- Research Center of Ultrasonography, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan410011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Biying Huang
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan410011, People’s Republic of China
- Research Center of Ultrasonography, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan410011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sijie Chen
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan410011, People’s Republic of China
- Research Center of Ultrasonography, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan410011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Long Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan410008, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan410011, People’s Republic of China
- Research Center of Ultrasonography, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan410011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chengcheng Niu
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan410011, People’s Republic of China
- Research Center of Ultrasonography, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan410011, People’s Republic of China
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22
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Kumar R, Mondal K, Panda PK, Kaushik A, Abolhassani R, Ahuja R, Rubahn HG, Mishra YK. Core-shell nanostructures: perspectives towards drug delivery applications. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:8992-9027. [PMID: 32902559 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb01559h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Nanosystems have shown encouraging outcomes and substantial progress in the areas of drug delivery and biomedical applications. However, the controlled and targeted delivery of drugs or genes can be limited due to their physicochemical and functional properties. In this regard, core-shell type nanoparticles are promising nanocarrier systems for controlled and targeted drug delivery applications. These functional nanoparticles are emerging as a particular class of nanosystems because of their unique advantages, including high surface area, and easy surface modification and functionalization. Such unique advantages can facilitate the use of core-shell nanoparticles for the selective mingling of two or more different functional properties in a single nanosystem to achieve the desired physicochemical properties that are essential for effective targeted drug delivery. Several types of core-shell nanoparticles, such as metallic, magnetic, silica-based, upconversion, and carbon-based core-shell nanoparticles, have been designed and developed for drug delivery applications. Keeping the scope, demand, and challenges in view, the present review explores state-of-the-art developments and advances in core-shell nanoparticle systems, the desired structure-property relationships, newly generated properties, the effects of parameter control, surface modification, and functionalization, and, last but not least, their promising applications in the fields of drug delivery, biomedical applications, and tissue engineering. This review also supports significant future research for developing multi-core and shell-based functional nanosystems to investigate nano-therapies that are needed for advanced, precise, and personalized healthcare systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Kumar
- Faculty of Engineering and Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan-52900, Israel.
| | - Kunal Mondal
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, ID 83415, USA.
| | - Pritam Kumar Panda
- Condensed Matter Theory Group, Materials Theory Division, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-75120, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ajeet Kaushik
- NanoBioTech Laboratory, Department of Natural Sciences, Division of Sciences, Art, & Mathematics, Florida Polytechnic University, Lakeland, FL-33805, USA
| | - Reza Abolhassani
- Mads Clausen Institute, NanoSYD, University of Southern Denmark, Alsion 2, DK-6400, Sønderborg, Denmark.
| | - Rajeev Ahuja
- Condensed Matter Theory Group, Materials Theory Division, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-75120, Uppsala, Sweden and Applied Materials Physics, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Horst-Günter Rubahn
- Mads Clausen Institute, NanoSYD, University of Southern Denmark, Alsion 2, DK-6400, Sønderborg, Denmark.
| | - Yogendra Kumar Mishra
- Mads Clausen Institute, NanoSYD, University of Southern Denmark, Alsion 2, DK-6400, Sønderborg, Denmark.
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Dong W, Luo Y, Zhang G, Zhang H, Liang Y, Zhuo Y, Liang Y, Zou F, Zhong W. Carbon Nanospheres Exert Antitumor Effects Associated with Downregulation of 4E-BP1 Expression on Prostate Cancer. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:5545-5559. [PMID: 32848387 PMCID: PMC7425110 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s257522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Although carbon nanospheres (CNPs) are promising nanomaterials in cancer treatment, how they affect prostate cancer (PCa) remains unclear. Methods In this study, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Raman spectroscopy were used to confirm the successful synthesis of CNPs. CCK-8, flow cytometry, Transwell, wound healing, Western blot and immunohistochemistry (IHC) assays were performed to evaluate the antitumor effect of CNPs toward the two kinds of prostate cancer cell lines PC3 and DU145. Results Our results showed that CNPs inhibited cell growth, invasion, and migration and induced apoptosis and autophagy in PCa cells. Multifactor detection of a single Akt phosphorylation pathway and Western blot results suggested the suppression of 4E-BP1 in PCa cells after incubation with CNPs. The results from animal experiments also suggested the antitumor effect of CNPs and reduced 4E-BP1 expression in PCa tissue samples from BALB/c nude mice administered a local subcutaneous injection of CNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weimin Dong
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Luo
- Department of Urology, The Second People's Hospital of Foshan, Affiliated Foshan Hospital of Southern Medical University, Foshan 528000, People's Republic of China
| | - Guian Zhang
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxiang Liang
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangjia Zhuo
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingke Liang
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, People's Republic of China
| | - Fen Zou
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, People's Republic of China
| | - Weide Zhong
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, People's Republic of China.,Department of Urology, Huadu District People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510800, People's Republic of China.,Urology Key Laboratory of Guangdong Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510230, People's Republic of China
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Fusco L, Gazzi A, Peng G, Shin Y, Vranic S, Bedognetti D, Vitale F, Yilmazer A, Feng X, Fadeel B, Casiraghi C, Delogu LG. Graphene and other 2D materials: a multidisciplinary analysis to uncover the hidden potential as cancer theranostics. Theranostics 2020; 10:5435-5488. [PMID: 32373222 PMCID: PMC7196289 DOI: 10.7150/thno.40068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer represents one of the main causes of death in the world; hence the development of more specific approaches for its diagnosis and treatment is urgently needed in clinical practice. Here we aim at providing a comprehensive review on the use of 2-dimensional materials (2DMs) in cancer theranostics. In particular, we focus on graphene-related materials (GRMs), graphene hybrids, and graphdiyne (GDY), as well as other emerging 2DMs, such as MXene, tungsten disulfide (WS2), molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), black phosphorus (BP), silicene, antimonene (AM), germanene, biotite (black mica), metal organic frameworks (MOFs), and others. The results reported in the scientific literature in the last ten years (>200 papers) are dissected here with respect to the wide variety of combinations of imaging methodologies and therapeutic approaches, including drug/gene delivery, photothermal/photodynamic therapy, sonodynamic therapy, and immunotherapy. We provide a unique multidisciplinary approach in discussing the literature, which also includes a detailed section on the characterization methods used to analyze the material properties, highlighting the merits and limitations of the different approaches. The aim of this review is to show the strong potential of 2DMs for use as cancer theranostics, as well as to highlight issues that prevent the clinical translation of these materials. Overall, we hope to shed light on the hidden potential of the vast panorama of new and emerging 2DMs as clinical cancer theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Fusco
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica, Città della Speranza, Padua, Italy
- Cancer Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Arianna Gazzi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica, Città della Speranza, Padua, Italy
| | - Guotao Peng
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yuyoung Shin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Sandra Vranic
- Nanomedicine Lab, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Flavia Vitale
- Department of Neurology, Bioengineering, Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Center for Neuroengineering and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA; Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration, and Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Acelya Yilmazer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
- Stem Cell Institute, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, School of Science, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Bengt Fadeel
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cinzia Casiraghi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Lucia Gemma Delogu
- Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica, Città della Speranza, Padua, Italy
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, School of Science, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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25
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Chu X, Wu F, Sun B, Zhang M, Song S, Zhang P, Wang Y, Zhang Q, Zhou N, Shen J. Genipin cross-linked carbon dots for antimicrobial, bioimaging and bacterial discrimination. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 190:110930. [PMID: 32146275 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.110930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Multifunctional carbon dots (CDs) present enormous potential in numerous applications and have attracted widespread attention for various applications in the biomedical field. Bacterial infection is a common health issue; the development of antibacterial materials with low toxicity and good biocompatibility is becoming more important. In this work, we synthesized a new type of nitrogen co-doped carbon dots-genipin covalent conjugate (N-CDs-GP) via hydrothermal methods. The microstructure and chemical composition of the N-CDs-GP were characterized. The biocompatibility, stability, antibacterial activity, and fluorescence performance of the N-CDs-GP were assessed. The results revealed that N-CDs-GP possessed high biocompatibility, high light stability, and broad antibacterial activity. Additionally, selective Gram-positive bacterial imaging by N-CDs-GP provided a more rapid method of bacterial detection. The N-CDs-GP have the potential to be applied as bioimaging and antibacterial agents and for bacterial discrimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Chu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Biological Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Function Materials, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Fan Wu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Biological Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Function Materials, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Baohong Sun
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Biological Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Function Materials, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Biological Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Saijie Song
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Biological Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Function Materials, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Pan Zhang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Biological Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Function Materials, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yuli Wang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Biological Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Function Materials, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qicheng Zhang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Biological Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Function Materials, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ninglin Zhou
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Biological Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Function Materials, Nanjing 210023, China; Nanjing Zhou Ninglin Advanced Materials Technology Company Limited, Nanjing 211505, China.
| | - Jian Shen
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Biological Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Function Materials, Nanjing 210023, China.
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27
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Singh R. Nanotechnology based therapeutic application in cancer diagnosis and therapy. 3 Biotech 2019; 9:415. [PMID: 31696020 PMCID: PMC6811486 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-019-1940-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the lack of early diagnosis, cancer remains as one of the leading cause of human mortality. Inability to translate research into clinical trials and also inability of chemotherapeutics delivery to targeted tumor sites are major drawbacks in cancer therapeutics. With the emergence of nanomedicine, several nanoprobes (conjugated with targeting ligands and chemotherapeutic drugs) are developed. It can interact with biological system and thus sense and monitor the biological events with high efficiency and accuracy along with therapy application. Nanoparticles like gold and iron oxide are frequently used in the computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging applications, respectively. Moreover, enzymatic activity of gold and iron oxide nanoparticles enables the visible colorimetric diagnostic of cancer cells, whereas, fluorescence property of quantum dots and upconversion nanoparticles helps in in vivo imaging application. Other than this, drug conjugation with nanoparticles also reduces the systemic toxic effect of chemotherapeutic drugs. Due to their several unique intrinsic properties, nanoparticles itself can also be employed as therapeutics in cancer treatment by photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT). Thus, the main focus of this review is to emphasize on current progress in diagnostic and therapeutic application of nanoprobes in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragini Singh
- School of Agriculture Science, Liaocheng University, No. 1 Hunan Road, Liaocheng, Shandong China
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28
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Zhao Q, Wang X, Yang M, Li X, Mao Y, Guan X, Di D, Wang S. Multi-stimuli responsive mesoporous carbon nano-platform gated by human serum albumin for cancer thermo-chemotherapy. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 184:110532. [PMID: 31590051 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.110532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a multi-stimuli responsive drug delivery system (MCHP) was designed for combinational chemotherapy and photothermal therapy (PTT). Mesoporous carbon nanoparticles (MCN) with a high loading efficiency were used as near-infrared (NIR)-responsive drug carriers. Human serum albumin (HSA) was attached to the pore openings of MCN via disulfide bonds to serve as a gatekeeper due to its biocompatibility and appropriate molecular size. To improve the dispersity and biocompatibility, the surface of the MCN was modified with polyethylene glycol (PEG). In vitro photothermal effect results showed that MCHP exhibited a power and concentration-dependent photothermal conversion capacity and a good photothermal stability. The doxorubicin (DOX) release from the MCHP/DOX system exhibited NIR/pH/reduction-responsive release properties. A cytotoxicity assay demonstrated that, under NIR irradiation, the MCHP/DOX exhibited chemo-photothermal synergistic effects with a combination index (CI) of 0.643. The biodistribution of DOX in vivo indicated that an NIR laser can prolong the retardation time of DOX in tumor sites. In vivo antitumor experiments showed that MCHP/DOX with NIR irradiation had the highest tumor inhibition rate against 4T1 tumors in mice. This work suggested that MCHP could be explored as a multi-responsive drug release platform for combinational photothermo-chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinfu Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110016, PR China
| | - Xiudan Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110016, PR China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110016, PR China
| | - Xian Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110016, PR China
| | - Yuling Mao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110016, PR China
| | - Xinyao Guan
- Experimental Teaching Center, Faculty of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110016, PR China
| | - Donghua Di
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110016, PR China
| | - Siling Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110016, PR China.
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29
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Zheng T, Zhou T, Feng X, Shen J, Zhang M, Sun Y. Enhanced Plasmon-Induced Resonance Energy Transfer (PIRET)-Mediated Photothermal and Photodynamic Therapy Guided by Photoacoustic and Magnetic Resonance Imaging. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:31615-31626. [PMID: 31359757 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b09296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Phototherapy, including photothermal and photodynamic therapy, has attracted extensive attention due to its noninvasive nature, low toxicity, and high anticancer efficiency. The charge-separation mechanism of plasmon-induced resonance energy transfer (PIRET) has been increasingly employed to design nanotheranotic agents. Herein, we developed a novel and smart PIRET-mediated nanoplatform for enhanced, imaging-guided phototherapy. Prussian blue (PB) was incorporated into a Au@Cu2O nanostructure, which was then assembled with poly(allylamine) (PAH)-modified black phosphorus quantum dots (Au@PB@Cu2O@BPQDs/PAH nanocomposites). The hybrid nanosystem exhibited great absorption in the near-infrared region, as well as the ability to self-supply O2 by catalyzing hydrogen peroxide and convert O2 into singlet oxygen (1O2) under 650 nm laser light (0.5 W/cm2) irradiation. In vitro and in vivo assays showed that the generated heat and toxic 1O2 from Au@PB@Cu2O@BPQDs/PAH nanocomposites could effectively kill the cancer cells and suppress tumor growth. Moreover, the unique properties of the PB-modified nanosystem allowed for synergistic therapy with the aid of T1-weighed magnetic resonance imaging (T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging) and photoacoustic imaging. This study presented a suitable way to fabricate smart PIRET-based nanosystems with enhanced photothermal therapy/photodynamic therapy efficacy and dual-modality imaging functionality. The great biocompatibility and low toxicity ensured their high potential for use in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zheng
- Department of Health Technology , Technical University of Denmark , Kongens Lyngby DK-2800 , Denmark
| | - Tongchang Zhou
- Department of Health Technology , Technical University of Denmark , Kongens Lyngby DK-2800 , Denmark
| | - Xiaotong Feng
- Department of Health Technology , Technical University of Denmark , Kongens Lyngby DK-2800 , Denmark
| | - Jian Shen
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science , Nanjing Normal University , Nanjing 210023 , P. R. China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Health Technology , Technical University of Denmark , Kongens Lyngby DK-2800 , Denmark
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science , Nanjing Normal University , Nanjing 210023 , P. R. China
| | - Yi Sun
- Department of Health Technology , Technical University of Denmark , Kongens Lyngby DK-2800 , Denmark
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30
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Li Y, Zhang H. Fe 3O 4-based nanotheranostics for magnetic resonance imaging-synergized multifunctional cancer management. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2019; 14:1493-1512. [PMID: 31215317 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2018-0346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron oxide (Fe3O4)-based theranostic agents show great promise toward advancing personalized nanomedicine due to their extraordinary physicochemical and biological properties. This original review aims to highlight and summarize the most recent progress of Fe3O4, starting with the synthesis and surface modification of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs). Desirable features of Fe3O4 are the initial focus, followed by a review of their theranostic applications including sensitive MRI, multimodal imaging and MRI-guided cancer therapy. Finally, potential nanotoxicity, regulatory and clinical translation barriers are addressed to outline future perspectives on Fe3O4 NP-based multifunctional theranostic platforms. It is strongly believed that in the near future, Fe3O4 NPs will open new routes with regard to cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Li
- Department of Radiology, First Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, PR China.,College of Medical Imaging, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, PR China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Radiology, First Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, PR China.,College of Medical Imaging, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, PR China
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31
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Li L, Yang Q, Shi L, Zheng N, Li Z, Li K, Qiao S, Jia T, Sun T, Wang Y. Novel phthalocyanine-based polymeric micelles with high near-infrared photothermal conversion efficiency under 808 nm laser irradiation for in vivo cancer therapy. J Mater Chem B 2019; 7:2247-2251. [PMID: 32254673 DOI: 10.1039/c9tb00011a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Photothermal therapy (PTT) has emerged as one of the promising methodologies for the treatment of cancer, and ideal photothermal agents need to be biodegradable and have strong optical absorbance in the near-infrared (NIR) optical window. Here, we report a new phthalocyanine molecule, 4OCSPC, which expands the absorbance edge to 850 nm. Under 808 nm NIR laser irradiation, 4OCSPC polymeric micelles showed robust photostability and a high photothermal conversion of 47.0%. Also, the 4OCSPC polymeric micelles exhibit a high in vivo PTT efficacy against 4T1 tumors in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Li
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, P. R. China.
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32
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Zhao C, Song X, Jin W, Wu F, Zhang Q, Zhang M, Zhou N, Shen J. Image-guided cancer therapy using aptamer-functionalized cross-linked magnetic-responsive Fe 3O 4@carbon nanoparticles. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1056:108-116. [PMID: 30797451 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The excellent anticancer effect of combined differential cancer therapies has been observed in the last few decades. Efficient theragnostic nanoparticles (NPs) for malignancy treatment have received considerable research attention and widely investigated today. This study presents our results on the development of aptamer-functionalized Fe3O4@carbon@doxorubicin NPs (Apt-Fe3O4@C@DOX) and their application in the synergetic chemo-photothermal therapy (PTT) of cancer. The Apt-Fe3O4@C@DOX NPs displayed high photothermal conversion efficiency and extensive pH/heat-induced drug release. In vitro (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium) bromide experiments indicated that the combined chemo-PTT is much more toxic toward lung adenocarcinoma cells (A549) than PTT or chemotherapy alone. In addition, the Apt-Fe3O4@C@DOX NPs demonstrated decreasing contrast enhancement of magnetic resonance (MR) signals, which means they may be potentially applied as a contrast agent and serve as a critical component of T2-weighted MR imaging of tumor tissues. Taking the results together, the Apt-Fe3O4@C@DOX NPs show great potential for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhong Zhao
- School of Life and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, PR China
| | - Xuebin Song
- School of Life and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, PR China
| | - Weiguang Jin
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province Shantou University, Guangdong, 515063, PR China
| | - Fan Wu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Qicheng Zhang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- School of Life and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, PR China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Ninglin Zhou
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Jian Shen
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
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Wang L, Chen S, Zhu Y, Zhang M, Tang S, Li J, Pei W, Huang B, Niu C. Triple-Modal Imaging-Guided Chemo-Photothermal Synergistic Therapy for Breast Cancer with Magnetically Targeted Phase-Shifted Nanoparticles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:42102-42114. [PMID: 30431261 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b16323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Current nanodrug-based cancer therapy is susceptible to the problems of rapid clearance from circulation and limited therapeutic efficacy. Herein, we report a magnetically targeted and photothermal-triggered drug release nanotheranostics system based on superparamagnetic iron oxide (Fe3O4), IR780, doxorubicin (DOX), and perfluoropentane (PFP) entrapped poly-lactide- co-glycolide (PLGA) nanoparticles (IR780/Fe3O4@PLGA/PFP/DOX NPs) for triple-modal imaging-guided synergistic therapy of breast cancer. In this work, IR780 and Fe3O4 convert light into heat, which triggers DOX release from IR780/Fe3O4@PLGA/PFP/DOX NPs and a phase-shift thermoelastic expansion of PFP; this procedure further accelerates the DOX release and tissue extrusion deformation. Fe3O4 NPs also serve as the target moiety by an external magnet directed to the tumor. Specifically, the IR780/Fe3O4@PLGA/PFP/DOX NPs can be used for triple-modal imaging, including near infrared fluorescence, magnetic resonance, and ultrasound. Furthermore, the antitumor therapy studies reveal the extraordinary performance of IR780/Fe3O4@PLGA/PFP/DOX NPs in magnetically targeted synergistic chemo-photothermal therapy of cancer. Therefore, the multifunctional IR780/Fe3O4@PLGA/PFP/DOX NPs guided by the magnetic field show a great potential for cancer theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital , Central South University , Changsha , Hunan 410008 , China
| | | | | | | | | | - Jingyi Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital , Central South University , Changsha , Hunan 410008 , China
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Xiao Y, Zhang M, Fan Y, Zhang Q, Wang Y, Yuan W, Zhou N, Che J. Novel controlled drug release system engineered with inclusion complexes based on carboxylic graphene. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 175:18-25. [PMID: 30513470 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.11.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A novel drug carrier is constructed by compositing hydrophilic hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrins (HP-β-CD) and carboxylated graphene nanomaterial (GO-COOH). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirms that the two materials are successfully combined via chemical bonds. Further, a crosslinking agent of glutaraldehyde is applied to fabricate composite GO-COO-HP-β-CD nanospheres, as demonstrated by an atomic force microscope. Dexamethasone (DEX) is selected as the model drug, and the drug loading efficiency and water solubility of the nanospheres greatly increased. Additionally, the achieved DEX/nanosphere inclusion complex exhibits better heat resistance compared with pure DEX, which is a desired property for drug processing. More importantly, different models are applied to different releasing durations to investigate in detail the release profile of DEX. The best fitting release kinetics model is given to reveal the release mechanism of the drug delivery system. The highest hemolysis rate of the DEX/nanosphere inclusion is 0.44%, far lower than the standard of 5% delivered by the American Society for Testing and Materials, ensuring its safety in practical applications. Meanwhile, recalcification tests indicate that DEX/nanosphere retains the normal blood coagulation function. In vitro cytotoxicity tests of the inclusion demonstrate that the nanospheres have no toxicity and are qualified for intravenous applications with good blood compatibility. Finally, the bioactivity of DEX after release from the carriers is investigated. Results corroborate that the drug anti-inflammation efficacy is not affected and that the biomedical function can be well retained. The engineered controlled drug release system represents a promising formulation platform for a broad range of therapeutic medicine in pharmaceutical technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghong Xiao
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yunting Fan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Qicheng Zhang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yuli Wang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Wenwen Yuan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Ninglin Zhou
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Jianfei Che
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China.
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Gong P, Wang F, Guo F, Liu J, Wang B, Ge X, Li S, You J, Liu Z. Fluorescence turn-off Ag/fluorinated graphene composites with high NIR absorption for effective killing of cancer cells and bacteria. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:7926-7935. [DOI: 10.1039/c8tb02211a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This study establishes FGO–Ag as a novel fluorescence “turn-off” nanocarrier with good targeting efficiency and high NIR absorption and drug loading; it also demonstrates its application in antibacterial and cancer chemo-photothermal treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiwei Gong
- The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Qufu Normal University
- Qufu 273165
- P. R. China
| | - Fei Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Qufu Normal University
- Qufu 273165
- P. R. China
| | - Feifei Guo
- The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Qufu Normal University
- Qufu 273165
- P. R. China
| | - Jinfeng Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Qufu Normal University
- Qufu 273165
- P. R. China
| | - Bin Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Qufu Normal University
- Qufu 273165
- P. R. China
| | - Xingxing Ge
- The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Qufu Normal University
- Qufu 273165
- P. R. China
| | - Shuohan Li
- The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Qufu Normal University
- Qufu 273165
- P. R. China
| | - Jinmao You
- The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Qufu Normal University
- Qufu 273165
- P. R. China
| | - Zhe Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Qufu Normal University
- Qufu 273165
- P. R. China
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Huang Q, Li M, Wang L, Yuan H, Wang M, Wu Y, Li T. Synthesis of novel cyclodextrin-modified reduced graphene oxide composites by a simple hydrothermal method. RSC Adv 2018; 8:37623-37630. [PMID: 35558627 PMCID: PMC9089399 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra07807f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclodextrin (β-CD)-functionalized reduced graphene oxide was successfully synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method, followed by conjugating with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and folic acid (FA). Microscopic and spectroscopic techniques were used to characterize the nanocomposites. Photothermal experiments showed that β-CD-functionalized reduced graphene oxide exhibited higher photothermal conversion efficiency in the near infrared region than reduced graphene oxide functionalized with other molecules under the same conditions. Cytotoxicity experiments indicated that rGO@CD@PEG@FA possessed good biocompatibility even at high concentration. When doxorubicin (DOX) was loaded on the rGO@CD@PEG@FA nanocomposite, it showed the stimulative effect of heat, pH response, and sustained drug release. Cytotoxicity experiments also confirmed the targeted effect and high efficiency of the combined therapy. The findings of the present study provide an ideal drug delivery system for malignant cancer therapy due to the advanced synergistic chemo-photothermal targeted therapy and good drug release properties. The rGO@CD@PEG@FA nanocomposite showed the stimulative effect of heat, pH response, and sustained drug release for cancer therapy![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingli Huang
- Department of Pathology
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology
- Xuzhou Medical University
- Xuzhou
- China
| | - MingYan Li
- Department of Pathology
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology
- Xuzhou Medical University
- Xuzhou
- China
| | - LiLi Wang
- Research Facility Center for Morphology of Xuzhou Medical University
- Xuzhou
- China
| | - Honghua Yuan
- Research Facility Center for Morphology of Xuzhou Medical University
- Xuzhou
- China
| | - Meng Wang
- Research Facility Center for Morphology of Xuzhou Medical University
- Xuzhou
- China
| | - Yongping Wu
- Department of Pathology
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology
- Xuzhou Medical University
- Xuzhou
- China
| | - Ting Li
- Research Facility Center for Morphology of Xuzhou Medical University
- Xuzhou
- China
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