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Iuchi S, Koga N. Ultrafast Electronic Relaxation in Aqueous [Fe(bpy) 3] 2+: A Surface Hopping Study. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:4225-4232. [PMID: 37126354 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Trajectory surface hopping simulations are performed to better understand the electronic relaxation dynamics of [Fe(bpy)3]2+ in aqueous solution. Specifically, the ultrafast relaxation from the photoexcited singlet metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) to the metastable quintet metal-centered (MC) states is simulated through the surface hopping method, where the MLCT and MC states of [Fe(bpy)3]2+ in aqueous solution are computed by using a model electronic Hamiltonian developed previously. As a result, most of the trajectories are interpreted to show the sequential relaxation pathways via the triplet MC states, though some are the direct pathway from MLCT to the quintet MC states. Even though the triplet MC states are involved in the relaxation, the population transfer to the singlet MC ground state is very small, and the population of the quintet MC states reaches more than ∼96%, reasonably consistent with the unity quantum efficiency discussed experimentally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Iuchi
- Graduate School of Informatics, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Koga
- Graduate School of Informatics, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
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2
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Abstract
Intersystem crossing (ISC), a vital component of the electronic and nuclear transitions that compose photophysics, has been successfully simulated in light elements and transition metal complexes. Derived from the Z-dependent spin-orbit coupling (SOC), ISC is expected to be of greater importance in heavier elements, but few attempts have been made at the simulation of ISC in lanthanides or actinides. In this work, we explore several of the challenges that will need to be overcome in order to treat ISC in late-row elements, including the loss of spin as a good quantum number, the need to include SOC variationally via two- or four-component electronic structure, and the high density of states present in late-row complexes. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations are used to illustrate several of these effects, while a model Hamiltonian is used to illustrate the importance of momentum rescaling in surface hopping simulations of strongly coupled states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J S Valentine
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Xiaosong Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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3
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Gourlaouen C, Schweitzer B, Daniel C. Are luminescent Ru 2+ chelated complexes selective coordinative sensors for the detection of heavy cations? Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:2309-2317. [PMID: 35015003 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp04442g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The ability of [Ru(bpy)2(bpym)]2+ (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine; bpym = 2,2'-bipyrimidine) to probe specifically heavy cations has been investigated by means of density functional theory for transition metals, group 12 elements and Pb2+. On the basis of the calculated Gibbs free energies of complexation in water it is shown that all reactions are favorable with negative enthalpies except for Hg2+, with the transition metal cations forming stable bi-metallic complexes by coordination to the bpym ligand. Comparison between the optical and photophysical properties of the Ru2+ probe and those of the coordination compounds does not demonstrate a high selectivity due to very similar characteristics of the absorption and emission spectra. Whereas by complexation the lowest metal-to-ligand-charge-transfer (MLCT) shoulder of [Ru(bpy)2(bpym)]2+ at 462 nm is more or less shifted to the red as a function of the cation, the second MLCT band at 415 nm, less sensitive to the complexation, gains in intensity and is slightly blue-shifted. The visible MLCT emission of [Ru(bpy)2(bpym)]2+ at 706 nm is altered by complexation leading to near IR (800-900 nm) emission in most of the coordination compounds. Complexation to some transition metal cations (Fe, Co, Rh and Pd) generates low-lying metal-centered (MC) excited states that quench luminescence. In contrast to the conclusion of experimental findings by Kumar et al. (Chem. Commun. 2014, 50, 8488-8490), [Ru(bpy)2(bpym)]2+ cannot be proposed as a fast and selective probe for monitoring Pd2+ in aqueous media. Indeed, it does not possess the optical and photophysical characteristics necessary to discriminate Pd2+ ions over a variety of other cations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Gourlaouen
- Laboratoire de Chimie Quantique Institut de Chimie UMR 7177 CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 4, Rue Blaise Pascal CS 90032, F-67081 Strasbourg Cedex, France.
| | - Benjamin Schweitzer
- Laboratoire de Chimie Quantique Institut de Chimie UMR 7177 CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 4, Rue Blaise Pascal CS 90032, F-67081 Strasbourg Cedex, France.
| | - Chantal Daniel
- Laboratoire de Chimie Quantique Institut de Chimie UMR 7177 CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 4, Rue Blaise Pascal CS 90032, F-67081 Strasbourg Cedex, France.
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4
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Transition metals Fe3+, Ni2+ modified titanium dioxide (TiO2) film sensors fabricated by CPT method to sense some toxic environmental pollutant gases. J INDIAN CHEM SOC 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2021.100126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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5
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Reichenauer F, Wang C, Förster C, Boden P, Ugur N, Báez-Cruz R, Kalmbach J, Carrella LM, Rentschler E, Ramanan C, Niedner-Schatteburg G, Gerhards M, Seitz M, Resch-Genger U, Heinze K. Strongly Red-Emissive Molecular Ruby [Cr(bpmp) 2] 3+ Surpasses [Ru(bpy) 3] 2. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:11843-11855. [PMID: 34296865 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c05971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Gaining chemical control over the thermodynamics and kinetics of photoexcited states is paramount to an efficient and sustainable utilization of photoactive transition metal complexes in a plethora of technologies. In contrast to energies of charge transfer states described by spatially separated orbitals, the energies of spin-flip states cannot straightforwardly be predicted as Pauli repulsion and the nephelauxetic effect play key roles. Guided by multireference quantum chemical calculations, we report a novel highly luminescent spin-flip emitter with a quantum chemically predicted blue-shifted luminescence. The spin-flip emission band of the chromium complex [Cr(bpmp)2]3+ (bpmp = 2,6-bis(2-pyridylmethyl)pyridine) shifted to higher energy from ca. 780 nm observed for known highly emissive chromium(III) complexes to 709 nm. The photoluminescence quantum yields climb to 20%, and very long excited state lifetimes in the millisecond range are achieved at room temperature in acidic D2O solution. Partial ligand deuteration increases the quantum yield to 25%. The high excited state energy of [Cr(bpmp)2]3+ and its facile reduction to [Cr(bpmp)2]2+ result in a high excited state redox potential. The ligand's methylene bridge acts as a Brønsted acid quenching the luminescence at high pH. Combined with a pH-insensitive chromium(III) emitter, ratiometric optical pH sensing is achieved with single wavelength excitation. The photophysical and ground state properties (quantum yield, lifetime, redox potential, and acid/base) of this spin-flip complex incorporating an earth-abundant metal surpass those of the classical precious metal [Ru(α-diimine)3]2+ charge transfer complexes, which are commonly employed in optical sensing and photo(redox) catalysis, underlining the bright future of these molecular ruby analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Reichenauer
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Cui Wang
- Division Biophotonics, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany.,Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Förster
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Pit Boden
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center Optimas, University Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Naz Ugur
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ricardo Báez-Cruz
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jens Kalmbach
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Luca M Carrella
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Eva Rentschler
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Charusheela Ramanan
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Gereon Niedner-Schatteburg
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center Optimas, University Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Markus Gerhards
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center Optimas, University Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Michael Seitz
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ute Resch-Genger
- Division Biophotonics, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Katja Heinze
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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Gaffney KJ. Capturing photochemical and photophysical transformations in iron complexes with ultrafast X-ray spectroscopy and scattering. Chem Sci 2021; 12:8010-8025. [PMID: 34194691 PMCID: PMC8208315 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc01864g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Light-driven chemical transformations provide a compelling approach to understanding chemical reactivity with the potential to use this understanding to advance solar energy and catalysis applications. Capturing the non-equilibrium trajectories of electronic excited states with precision, particularly for transition metal complexes, would provide a foundation for advancing both of these objectives. Of particular importance for 3d metal compounds is characterizing the population dynamics of charge-transfer (CT) and metal-centered (MC) electronic excited states and understanding how the inner coordination sphere structural dynamics mediate the interaction between these states. Recent advances in ultrafast X-ray laser science has enabled the electronic excited state dynamics in 3d metal complexes to be followed with unprecedented detail. This review will focus on simultaneous X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) and X-ray solution scattering (XSS) studies of iron coordination and organometallic complexes. These simultaneous XES-XSS studies have provided detailed insight into the mechanism of light-induced spin crossover in iron coordination compounds, the interaction of CT and MC excited states in iron carbene photosensitizers, and the mechanism of Fe-S bond dissociation in cytochrome c.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly J Gaffney
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University Menlo Park California 94025 USA
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7
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Farcaş AA, Bende A. Theoretical modeling of the singlet-triplet spin transition in different Ni(II)-diketo-pyrphyrin-based metal-ligand octahedral complexes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:4784-4795. [PMID: 33599640 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp05366j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The structural stability, charge transfer effects and strength of the spin-orbit couplings in different Ni(ii)-ligand complexes have been studied at the DFT (B3LYP and CAM-B3LYP) and coupled cluster (DLPNO-CCSD(T)) levels of theory. Accordingly, two different, porphyrin- and diketo-pyrphyrin-based four-coordination macrocycles as planar ligands as well as pyridine (or pyrrole) and mesylate anion molecular groups as vertical ligands were considered in order to build metal-organic complexes with octahedral coordination configurations. For each molecular system, the identification of equilibrium geometries and the intersystem crossing (the minimum energy crossing) points between the potential energy surfaces of the singlet and triplet spin states is followed by computing the spin-orbit couplings between the two spin states. Structures, based on the diketo-pyrphyrin macrocycle as the planar ligand, show stronger six-coordination metal-organic complexes due to the extra electrostatic interaction between the positively charged central metal cation and the negatively charged vertical ligands. The results also show that the magnitude of the spin-orbit coupling is influenced by the atomic positions of deprotonations of the ligands, and implicitly the direction of the charge transfer between the ligand and the central metal ion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex-Adrian Farcaş
- Faculty of Physics, "Babeş-Bolyai" University, Mihail Kogalniceanu Street No. 1, Ro-400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Attila Bende
- Molecular and Biomolecular Physics Department, National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Donat Street, No. 67-103, Ro-400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
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8
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Iuchi S, Koga N. A model electronic Hamiltonian to describe low-lying d-d and metal-to-ligand charge-transfer excited states of [Fe(bpy) 3 ] 2. J Comput Chem 2020; 42:166-179. [PMID: 33146893 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A simple practical method to compute both d-d and metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) excited states of iron(II) polypyridyl complexes is proposed for use in simulation studies. Specifically, a model electronic Hamiltonian developed previously for d-d excited states of [Fe(bpy)3 ]2+ is extended to deal with low-lying MLCT excited states simultaneously by including the MLCT electronic configurations into the basis functions of the model Hamiltonian. As a first attempt, parameters in the model Hamiltonian matrix elements are determined by using density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent (TD-)DFT calculation results as benchmarks. To examine the performance of the model Hamiltonian, the potential energy curves along the interpolation between the lowest singlet and quintet state structures are compared to those from the (TD-)DFT calculations and to those from CASPT2 calculations in literature. The electronic absorption spectrum computed through molecular dynamics simulation is compared to the experimental spectrum. The spin-orbit couplings at the ground state structure are also compared to those from wavefunction-based ab initio electronic structure calculations. The results indicate that the constructed model Hamiltonian provides reasonable information on both the low-lying d-d and MLCT excited states of [Fe(bpy)3 ]2+ .
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Iuchi
- Graduate School of Informatics, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Koga
- Graduate School of Informatics, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
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9
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Diez-Cabanes V, Prampolini G, Francés-Monerris A, Monari A, Pastore M. Iron's Wake: The Performance of Quantum Mechanical-Derived Versus General-Purpose Force Fields Tested on a Luminescent Iron Complex. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25133084. [PMID: 32640764 PMCID: PMC7411876 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25133084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently synthetized iron complexes have achieved long-lived excited states and stabilities which are comparable, or even superior, to their ruthenium analogues, thus representing an eco-friendly and cheaper alternative to those materials based on rare metals. Most of computational tools which could help unravel the origin of this large efficiency rely on ab-initio methods which are not able, however, to capture the nanosecond time scale underlying these photophysical processes and the influence of their realistic environment. Therefore, it exists an urgent need of developing new low-cost, but still accurate enough, computational methodologies capable to deal with the steady-state and transient spectroscopy of transition metal complexes in solution. Following this idea, here we focus on the comparison between general-purpose transferable force-fields (FFs), directly available from existing databases, and specific quantum mechanical derived FFs (QMD-FFs), obtained in this work through the Joyce procedure. We have chosen a recently reported FeIII complex with nanosecond excited-state lifetime as a representative case. Our molecular dynamics (MD) simulations demonstrated that the QMD-FF nicely reproduces the structure and the dynamics of the complex and its chemical environment within the same precision as higher cost QM methods, whereas general-purpose FFs failed in this purpose. Although in this particular case the chemical environment plays a minor role on the photo physics of this system, these results highlight the potential of QMD-FFs to rationalize photophysical phenomena provided an accurate QM method to derive its parameters is chosen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Diez-Cabanes
- Université de Lorraine & CNRS, LPCT UMR 7019, F-54000 Nancy, France;
- Correspondence: (V.D.-C.); (G.P.); (A.M.); (M.P.)
| | - Giacomo Prampolini
- Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organo Metallici (ICCOM-CNR), Area della Ricerca, via G. Moruzzi 1, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence: (V.D.-C.); (G.P.); (A.M.); (M.P.)
| | - Antonio Francés-Monerris
- Université de Lorraine & CNRS, LPCT UMR 7019, F-54000 Nancy, France;
- Departament de Química Física, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Antonio Monari
- Université de Lorraine & CNRS, LPCT UMR 7019, F-54000 Nancy, France;
- Correspondence: (V.D.-C.); (G.P.); (A.M.); (M.P.)
| | - Mariachiara Pastore
- Université de Lorraine & CNRS, LPCT UMR 7019, F-54000 Nancy, France;
- Correspondence: (V.D.-C.); (G.P.); (A.M.); (M.P.)
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10
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Controlling the Lifetime of the Triplet MLCT State in Fe(II) Polypyridyl Complexes through Ligand Modification. INORGANICS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics8020016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A computational study is presented in which two strategies of ligand modifications have been explored to invert the relative energy of the metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) and metal-centered (MC) state in Fe(II)-polypyridyl complexes. Replacing the bipyridines by stronger σ donors increases the ligand-field strength and pushes the MC state to higher energy, while the use of ligands with a larger π conjugation leads to lower MLCT energies.
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11
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Roy Chowdhury S, Mishra S. Light-Induced Spin Crossover in an Intermediate-Spin Penta-Coordinated Iron(III) Complex. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:9883-9892. [PMID: 31663743 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b06490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
(PMe3)2FeCl3 is an Fe(III) complex that exists in the intermediate-spin ground state in a distorted trigonal bipyramidal geometry. An electronic state with high-spin configuration lies in close vicinity to the ground state, making it a potential spin crossover candidate. A mechanistic account of the spin crossover from the lowest quartet state (Q0) to the lowest sextet state (S1) of this complex is provided by exploring both thermal and light-induced pathways. The presence of a large barrier between the two spin states suggests a possible thermal spin crossover at a rather high temperature. The light-induced spin crossover is investigated by employing complete active space self-consistent field calculations together with dynamic correlation and spin-orbit coupling for the lowest seven quartet and lowest five sextet states. The system in the Q0 state upon light absorption is excited to the optically bright Q4 LMCT state. By following minimum energy pathways along the electronic states, two light-induced pathways for spin crossover are identified. From the Q4 state, the system can photo-regenerate the ground intermediate-spin state (Q0) through an internal conversion of Q4/Q3 followed by Q3/S1 and S1/Q0 intersystem crossings. In an alternate route, through Q4/S2 intersystem crossing followed by S2/S1 internal conversion, the system can complete the spin crossover from the Q0 to S1 state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabyasachi Roy Chowdhury
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur , Kharagpur , West Bengal 721302 , India
| | - Sabyashachi Mishra
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur , Kharagpur , West Bengal 721302 , India
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12
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Megow S, Fitschen HL, Tuczek F, Temps F. Ultrafast Photodynamics of an Azopyridine-Functionalized Iron(II) Complex: Implications for the Concept of Ligand-Driven Light-Induced Spin Change. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:6048-6054. [PMID: 31549841 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b02083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We report on the ultrafast photodynamics of an iron(II) complex with a photoisomerizable pentadentate azo-tetrapyridylamino ligand after irradiation with ultraviolet light. The results of femtosecond transient electronic absorption spectroscopy performed on the low-spin (LS) form of the title complex show that initial excitation of the ππ* state of the azopyridine unit in the ligand at λpump = 312 nm is followed by an ultrafast intersystem crossing (ISC) that leads to the formation of a metal-centered (MC) 5T state, in competition with the intended photoswitching of the azopyridine unit. Additional measurements carried out upon excitation of the singlet metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (1MLCT) transition at λpump = 455 nm suggest that this energy transfer occurs via an MLCT state. The resulting high-spin (HS) 5T state of the complex is metastable and recovers to the LS ground state with a time constant of ∼3 ns. The implications of these observations on the ligand-driven light-induced spin change concept are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Megow
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie , Christian-Albrechts-Universität , Olshausenstrasse 40 , 24098 Kiel , Germany
| | - Henrike-Leonie Fitschen
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Christian-Albrechts-Universität , Olshausenstrasse 40 , 24098 Kiel , Germany
| | - Felix Tuczek
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Christian-Albrechts-Universität , Olshausenstrasse 40 , 24098 Kiel , Germany
| | - Friedrich Temps
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie , Christian-Albrechts-Universität , Olshausenstrasse 40 , 24098 Kiel , Germany
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13
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UV-vis absorption spectra of Sn(IV)tetrakis(4-pyridyl) porphyrins on the basis of axial ligation and pyridine protonation. J Mol Model 2019; 25:294. [PMID: 31478116 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-019-4166-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The present study highlights the structural and electronic spectra of Sn(IV)tetrakis(4-pyridyl) porphyrins (SnTP) using density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT). The impact of axial ligands (OH-, Cl-, and H2O) and protonation at pyridine sites on the excitation properties of SnTP is also explored. The considered SnTPs were optimized at B3LYP/6-31+G* level of theory with LANL2DZ basis set for Sn metal. The effects of tetrahydrofuran (THF) and dimethylformamide (DMF) solvents were also assessed employing conductor-like polarizable continuum (C-PCM) model. The observed structural effects correlate well with the experimental data and clearly depict the impact of axial ligands on the SnTP ring. The absorption spectra along with the frontier orbitals in all three phases show noticeable dependence of axial ligation on the photophysical properties of SnTPs. The transition character of molecular orbitals and their respective density of states (DOS) were explored to infer the orbitals involved in electronic transitions. Graphical abstract The structural and electronic spectra of Sn(IV)tetrakis(4-pyridyl) porphyrins (SnTP) were examined using time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT). Axial ligation and pyridine protonation significantly affects the absorption properties of Sn complexes. The overall results suggest the application of [(OH-)Sn (OH-)TP] and [(Cl-)Sn (Cl-)TP] as photosensitizers.
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Francés‐Monerris A, Gros PC, Assfeld X, Monari A, Pastore M. Toward Luminescent Iron Complexes: Unravelling the Photophysics by Computing Potential Energy Surfaces. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.201900100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Francés‐Monerris
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Théoriques (LPCT)Université de Lorraine, CNRS 54000 Nancy France
| | - Philippe C. Gros
- Laboratoire Lorrain de Chimie Moléculaire (L2CM)Université de Lorraine, CNRS 54000 Nancy France
| | - Xavier Assfeld
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Théoriques (LPCT)Université de Lorraine, CNRS 54000 Nancy France
| | - Antonio Monari
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Théoriques (LPCT)Université de Lorraine, CNRS 54000 Nancy France
| | - Mariachiara Pastore
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Théoriques (LPCT)Université de Lorraine, CNRS 54000 Nancy France
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15
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Kjær KS, Van Driel TB, Harlang TCB, Kunnus K, Biasin E, Ledbetter K, Hartsock RW, Reinhard ME, Koroidov S, Li L, Laursen MG, Hansen FB, Vester P, Christensen M, Haldrup K, Nielsen MM, Dohn AO, Pápai MI, Møller KB, Chabera P, Liu Y, Tatsuno H, Timm C, Jarenmark M, Uhlig J, Sundstöm V, Wärnmark K, Persson P, Németh Z, Szemes DS, Bajnóczi É, Vankó G, Alonso-Mori R, Glownia JM, Nelson S, Sikorski M, Sokaras D, Canton SE, Lemke HT, Gaffney KJ. Finding intersections between electronic excited state potential energy surfaces with simultaneous ultrafast X-ray scattering and spectroscopy. Chem Sci 2019; 10:5749-5760. [PMID: 31293761 PMCID: PMC6568243 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc04023k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Combined X-ray free-electron laser techniques pinpoints loci of intersections between potential energy surfaces of a photo-excited 3d transition-metal centered molecule.
Light-driven molecular reactions are dictated by the excited state potential energy landscape, depending critically on the location of conical intersections and intersystem crossing points between potential surfaces where non-adiabatic effects govern transition probabilities between distinct electronic states. While ultrafast studies have provided significant insight into electronic excited state reaction dynamics, experimental approaches for identifying and characterizing intersections and seams between electronic states remain highly system dependent. Here we show that for 3d transition metal systems simultaneously recorded X-ray diffuse scattering and X-ray emission spectroscopy at sub-70 femtosecond time-resolution provide a solid experimental foundation for determining the mechanistic details of excited state reactions. In modeling the mechanistic information retrieved from such experiments, it becomes possible to identify the dominant trajectory followed during the excited state cascade and to determine the relevant loci of intersections between states. We illustrate our approach by explicitly mapping parts of the potential energy landscape dictating the light driven low-to-high spin-state transition (spin crossover) of [Fe(2,2′-bipyridine)3]2+, where the strongly coupled nuclear and electronic dynamics have been a source of interest and controversy. We anticipate that simultaneous X-ray diffuse scattering and X-ray emission spectroscopy will provide a valuable approach for mapping the reactive trajectories of light-triggered molecular systems involving 3d transition metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasper S Kjær
- PULSE Institute , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Stanford University , Menlo Park , California 94025 , USA . ; .,Department of Physics , Technical University of Denmark , DK-2800 , Lyngby , Denmark.,Department of Chemical Physics , Lund University , P.O. Box 124 , 22100 Lund , Sweden
| | - Tim B Van Driel
- LCLS , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park , California 94025 , USA
| | - Tobias C B Harlang
- Department of Physics , Technical University of Denmark , DK-2800 , Lyngby , Denmark.,Department of Chemical Physics , Lund University , P.O. Box 124 , 22100 Lund , Sweden
| | - Kristjan Kunnus
- PULSE Institute , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Stanford University , Menlo Park , California 94025 , USA . ;
| | - Elisa Biasin
- Department of Physics , Technical University of Denmark , DK-2800 , Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Kathryn Ledbetter
- PULSE Institute , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Stanford University , Menlo Park , California 94025 , USA . ;
| | - Robert W Hartsock
- PULSE Institute , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Stanford University , Menlo Park , California 94025 , USA . ;
| | - Marco E Reinhard
- PULSE Institute , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Stanford University , Menlo Park , California 94025 , USA . ;
| | - Sergey Koroidov
- PULSE Institute , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Stanford University , Menlo Park , California 94025 , USA . ;
| | - Lin Li
- PULSE Institute , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Stanford University , Menlo Park , California 94025 , USA . ;
| | - Mads G Laursen
- Department of Physics , Technical University of Denmark , DK-2800 , Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Frederik B Hansen
- Department of Physics , Technical University of Denmark , DK-2800 , Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Peter Vester
- Department of Physics , Technical University of Denmark , DK-2800 , Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Morten Christensen
- Department of Physics , Technical University of Denmark , DK-2800 , Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Kristoffer Haldrup
- Department of Physics , Technical University of Denmark , DK-2800 , Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Martin M Nielsen
- Department of Physics , Technical University of Denmark , DK-2800 , Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Asmus O Dohn
- Science Institute , University of Iceland , 107 Reykjavík , Iceland
| | - Mátyás I Pápai
- Science Institute , University of Iceland , 107 Reykjavík , Iceland.,Wigner Research Centre for Physics , Hungarian Academy of Sciences , P.O. Box 49 , H-1525 Budapest , Hungary
| | - Klaus B Møller
- Science Institute , University of Iceland , 107 Reykjavík , Iceland
| | - Pavel Chabera
- Department of Chemical Physics , Lund University , P.O. Box 124 , 22100 Lund , Sweden
| | - Yizhu Liu
- Department of Chemical Physics , Lund University , P.O. Box 124 , 22100 Lund , Sweden.,Centre for Analysis and Synthesis , Department of Chemistry , Lund University , P.O. Box 124 , 22100 Lund , Sweden
| | - Hideyuki Tatsuno
- Department of Chemical Physics , Lund University , P.O. Box 124 , 22100 Lund , Sweden
| | - Cornelia Timm
- Department of Chemical Physics , Lund University , P.O. Box 124 , 22100 Lund , Sweden
| | - Martin Jarenmark
- Department of Geology , Department of Chemistry , Lund University , 223 62 Lund , Sweden
| | - Jens Uhlig
- Department of Chemical Physics , Lund University , P.O. Box 124 , 22100 Lund , Sweden
| | - Villy Sundstöm
- Department of Chemical Physics , Lund University , P.O. Box 124 , 22100 Lund , Sweden
| | - Kenneth Wärnmark
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis , Department of Chemistry , Lund University , P.O. Box 124 , 22100 Lund , Sweden
| | - Petter Persson
- Theoretical Chemistry Division , Department of Chemistry , Lund University , P.O. Box 124 , 22100 Lund , Sweden
| | - Zoltán Németh
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics , Hungarian Academy of Sciences , P.O. Box 49 , H-1525 Budapest , Hungary
| | - Dorottya Sárosiné Szemes
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics , Hungarian Academy of Sciences , P.O. Box 49 , H-1525 Budapest , Hungary
| | - Éva Bajnóczi
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics , Hungarian Academy of Sciences , P.O. Box 49 , H-1525 Budapest , Hungary
| | - György Vankó
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics , Hungarian Academy of Sciences , P.O. Box 49 , H-1525 Budapest , Hungary
| | - Roberto Alonso-Mori
- LCLS , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park , California 94025 , USA
| | - James M Glownia
- LCLS , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park , California 94025 , USA
| | - Silke Nelson
- LCLS , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park , California 94025 , USA
| | - Marcin Sikorski
- LCLS , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park , California 94025 , USA
| | - Dimosthenis Sokaras
- SSRL , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park , California 94025 , USA
| | - Sophie E Canton
- ELI-ALPS , ELI-HU Non-Profit Ltd. , Dugonics ter 13 , Szeged 6720 , Hungary.,FS-ATTO , Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY) , Notkestrasse 85 , D-22607 Hamburg , Germany
| | - Henrik T Lemke
- LCLS , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park , California 94025 , USA.,SwissFEL , Paul Scherrer Institut , Villigen PSI 5232 , Switzerland
| | - Kelly J Gaffney
- PULSE Institute , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Stanford University , Menlo Park , California 94025 , USA . ; .,SSRL , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park , California 94025 , USA
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Chábera P, Fredin LA, Kjær KS, Rosemann NW, Lindh L, Prakash O, Liu Y, Wärnmark K, Uhlig J, Sundström V, Yartsev A, Persson P. Band-selective dynamics in charge-transfer excited iron carbene complexes. Faraday Discuss 2019; 216:191-210. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fd00232k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A combination of ultrafast spectroscopy and DFT/TD-DFT calculations of a recently synthesised iron carbene complex elucidates the ultrafast excited state evolution processes in these systems.
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