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Weinert HM, Wölper C, Radović A, Cutsail GE, Siera H, Haberhauer G, Schulz S. From Neutral Diarsenes to Diarsene Radical Ions and Diarsene Dications. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400204. [PMID: 38391392 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Diarsene [L(MeO)GaAs]2 (L=HC[C(Me)N(Ar)]2, Ar=2,6-iPr2C6H3, 4) reacts with MeOTf and MeNHC (MeNHC=1,3,4,5-tetra-methylimidazol-2-ylidene) to the diarsene [L(TfO)GaAs]2 (5) and the carbene-coordinated diarsene [L(MeO)GaAsAs(MeNHC)Ga(OMe)L] (6). The NHC-coordination results in an inversion of the redox properties of the diarsene 4, which shows only a reversible reduction event at E1/2=-2.06 V vs Fc0/+1, whereas the carbene-coordinated diarsene 6 shows a reversible oxidation event at E1/2=-1.31 V vs Fc0/+1. Single electron transfer reactions of 4 and 6 yielded [K[2.2.2.]cryp][L(MeO)GaAs]2 (8) and [L(MeO)GaAsAs(MeNHC)-Ga(OMe)L][B(C6F5)4] (9) containing the radical anion [L(MeO)GaAs]2⋅- (8⋅-) and the NHC-coordinated radical cation [L(MeO)GaAsAs(MeNHC)Ga(OMe)L]⋅+ (9⋅+), respectively, while the salt-elimination reaction of the triflate-coordinated diarsene 5 with Na[B(C6F5)4] gave [LGaAs]2[B(C6F5)4]2 (11) containing the dication [LGaAs]2 2+ (112+). Compounds 1-11 were characterized by 1H and 13C NMR, EPR (8, 9), IR, and UV-Vis spectroscopy and by single crystal X-ray diffraction (sc-XRD). DFT calculations provided a detailed understanding of the electronic nature of the diarsenes (4, 6) and the radical ions (8⋅-, 9⋅+), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanns Micha Weinert
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5-7, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Christoph Wölper
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5-7, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Aleksa Radović
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion (CEC), Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470, Mülheim a. d. Ruhr, Germany
| | - George E Cutsail
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion (CEC), Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470, Mülheim a. d. Ruhr, Germany
| | - Hannah Siera
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5-7, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Gebhard Haberhauer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5-7, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Stephan Schulz
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5-7, 45141, Essen, Germany
- Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Carl-Benz-Straße 199, 47057, Duisburg, Germany
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2
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Du S, Cao F, Chen X, Rong H, Song H, Mo Z. A silylene-stabilized ditin(0) complex and its conversion to methylditin cation and distannavinylidene. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7474. [PMID: 37978294 PMCID: PMC10656547 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42953-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to their intrinsic high reactivity, isolation of tin(0) complexes remains challenging. Herein, we report the synthesis of a silylene-stabilized ditin(0) complex (2) by reduction of a silylene-supported dibromostannylene (1) with 1 equivalent of magnesium (I) dimer in toluene. The structure of 2 was established by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Density Functional Theory calculations revealed that complex 2 bears a Sn=Sn double bond and one lone pair of electrons on each of the Sn(0) atoms. Remarkably, complex 2 is readily methylated to give a mixed-valent methylditin cation (4), which undergoes topomerization in solution though a reversible 1,2-Me migration along a Sn=Sn bond. Computational studies showed that the three-coordinate Sn atom in 4 is the dominant electrophilic center, and allows for facile reaction with KHBBus3 furnishing an unprecedented N-heterocyclic silylenes-stabilized distannavinylidene (5). The synthesis of 2, 4 and 5 demonstrates the exceptional ability of N-heterocyclic silylenes to stabilize low valent tin complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaozhi Du
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Fanshu Cao
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xi Chen
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hua Rong
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Haibin Song
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhenbo Mo
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
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3
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Wang Y, Robinson GH. Counterintuitive Chemistry: Carbene Stabilization of Zero-Oxidation State Main Group Species. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:5592-5612. [PMID: 36876997 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c13574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Carbenes have evolved from transient laboratory curiosities to a robust, diverse, and surprisingly impactful ligand class. A variety of different carbenes have significantly contributed to the development of low-oxidation state main group chemistry. This Perspective focuses upon advances in the chemistry of carbene complexes containing main group element cores in the formal oxidation state of zero, including their diverse synthetic strategies, unusual bonding and structural motifs, and utility in transition metal coordination chemistry and activation of small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556, United States
| | - Gregory H Robinson
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556, United States
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4
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Gottschling HM, Balmer M, Richter R, von Hänisch C. Synthesis, characterization and reactivity of (SIDipp)AsK – A NHC‐arsinidenyl compound. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.202200304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M. Gottschling
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW) Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Markus Balmer
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW) Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Roman‐Malte Richter
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW) Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Carsten von Hänisch
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW) Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Germany
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5
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Feng Z, Tang S, Su Y, Wang X. Recent advances in stable main group element radicals: preparation and characterization. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:5930-5973. [PMID: 35770612 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00288d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Radical species are significant in modern chemistry. Their unique chemical bonding and novel physicochemical properties play significant roles not only in fundamental chemistry, but also in materials science. Main group element radicals are usually transient due to their high reactivity. Highly stable radicals are often stabilized by π-delocalization, sterically demanding ligands, carbenes and weakly coordinating anions in recent years. This review presents the recent advances in the synthesis, characterization, reactivity and physical properties of isolable main group element radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongtao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Shuxuan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Yuanting Su
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xinping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Radius U, Philipp MS. A Versatile Route To Cyclic (Alkyl)(Amino)Carbene‐stabilized Stibinidenes. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.202200085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Udo Radius
- Universität Würzburg Institut für Anorganische Chemie Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg GERMANY
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7
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Krüger J, Haak J, Wölper C, Cutsail GE, Haberhauer G, Schulz S. Single-Electron Oxidation of Carbene-Coordinated Pnictinidenes-Entry into Heteroleptic Radical Cations and Metalloid Clusters. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:5878-5884. [PMID: 35333051 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Stable heavy main group element radicals are challenging synthetic targets. Although several strategies have been developed to stabilize such odd-electron species, the number of heavier pnictogen-centered radicals is limited. We report on a series of two-coordinated pnictogen-centered radical cations [(MecAAC)EGa(Cl)L][B(C6F5)4] (MecAAC = [H2C(CMe2)2NDipp]C; Dipp = 2,6-i-Pr2C6H3; E = As 1, Sb 2, Bi 3; L = HC[C(Me)NDipp]2) synthesized by one-electron oxidation of L(Cl)Ga-substituted pnictinidenes (MecAAC)EGa(Cl)L (E = As I, Sb II, Bi III). 1-3 were characterized by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy and single crystal X-ray diffraction (sc-XRD) (1, 2), while quantum chemical calculations support their description as carbene-coordinated pnictogen-centered radical cations. The low thermal stability of 3 enables access to metalloid bismuth clusters as shown by formation of [{LGa(Cl)}3Bi6][B(C6F5)4] (4).
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Krüger
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5-7, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Julia Haak
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion (CEC), Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Christoph Wölper
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5-7, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - George E Cutsail
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5-7, 45141 Essen, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion (CEC), Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Gebhard Haberhauer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5-7, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Stephan Schulz
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5-7, 45141 Essen, Germany.,Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Carl-Benz-Straße 199, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
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8
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Yadav R, Sinhababu S, Yadav R, Kundu S. Base-stabilized formally zero-valent mono and diatomic molecular main-group compounds. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:2170-2202. [PMID: 35040452 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03569j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Various compounds are known for transition metals in their formal zero-oxidation state, while similar compounds of main-group elements are recently realized and limited to only a few examples. Lewis-base-stabilized mono and diatomic molecular species (B2, C, C2, Si, Si2, Ge, Ge2, Sn, P2, As2, Sb2) represent groundbreaking examples of main-group compounds with formally zero-oxidation state. In recent years, the isolation of low-valent main-group compounds has attracted increasing attention of both experimental and theoretical chemists. This is not only due to their fascinating electronic structures and exceptional reactivities, but also their use as valuable precursors for the synthesis of exotic yet important chemical species. This has led to a better understanding of the intricate balance of the donor-acceptor properties of the ligand(s) used to stabilize elements in a formally zero-oxidation state. Owing to the unusual oxidation state of the central element, many compounds containing formally zero-valent elements can efficiently activate otherwise inert small molecules. This review describes the synthesis, characterization, and reactivity of reported mono and diatomic formal zero-oxidation state main-group compounds. This review also emphasizes the comparative description of systems where different ligands are used to stabilize an element in its formal zero-oxidation state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110 016, India. .,Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Soumen Sinhababu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 W. Taylor St., Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA.
| | - Ritu Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110 016, India.
| | - Subrata Kundu
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110 016, India.
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10
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Roesky HW, Kushvaha SK, Mishra A, Mondal KC. Recent advances in the domain of Cyclic (alkyl)(amino) carbenes. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202101301. [PMID: 34989475 PMCID: PMC9307053 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202101301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Isolation of cyclic (alkyl) amino carbenes (cAACs) in 2005 has been a major achievement in the field of stable carbenes due to their better electronic properties. cAACs and bicyclic(alkyl)(amino)carbene (BicAAC) in essence are the most electrophilic as well as nucleophilic carbenes are known till date. Due to their excellent electronic properties in terms of nucleophilic and electrophilic character, cAACs have been utilized in different areas of chemistry, including stabilization of low valent main group and transition metal species, activation of small molecules, and catalysis. The applications of cAACs in catalysis have opened up new avenues of research in the field of cAAC chemistry. This review summarizes the major results of cAAC chemistry published until August 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert W Roesky
- Georg-August-Universitat Gottingen, Department of Chemistry, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077, Göttingen, GERMANY
| | | | - Ankush Mishra
- IIT Madras: Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chemistry, INDIA
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11
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Cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene (CAAC) ligands: Electronic structure and application as chemically- and redox-non-innocent ligands and chromophores. ADVANCES IN ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adomc.2022.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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12
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Krüger J, Wölper C, Haberhauer G, Schulz S. Switching from Heteronuclear Allyl Cations to Vinyl Cations by Using a Chemical Charge Trap. Inorg Chem 2021; 61:597-604. [PMID: 34941246 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c03279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Halide abstraction of the carbene-coordinated pnictinidenes (MecAAC)EGa(Cl)L (E = As 1, Sb 2, Bi 3, MecAAC = [H2C(CMe2)2NDipp]C; L = HC[C(Me)NDipp]2; Dipp = 2,6-i-Pr2C6H3) yielded the series of cationic group 15 compounds [(MecAAC)EGaL][Al(ORF)4] (E = As 4, Sb 5; Al(ORF)4 = Al(OC(CF3)3)4) and [(MecAAC)EGaL][B(ArF)4] (E = Sb 6, Bi 7; B(ArF)4 = B[C6H3(CF3)2]4), which were characterized by heteronuclear NMR spectroscopy and sc-XRD. The electronic nature of the cations [(MecAAC)EGaL]+ is controlled by the central pnictogen atom, according to quantum chemical calculations. The calculations furthermore demonstrated that compounds containing the lighter pnictogens (E = N, P) are best described as heteronuclear allyl cations, whereas heavier pnictogen atoms (E = As, Sb, Bi) serve as a trap for the positive charge, resulting in carbene-stabilized heterovinyl-type structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Krüger
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5-7, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Christoph Wölper
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5-7, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Gebhard Haberhauer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5-7, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Stephan Schulz
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5-7, 45141 Essen, Germany
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13
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Krüger J, Wölper C, Auer AA, Schulz S. Formation and Cleavage of a Sb−Sb Double Bond: From Carbene‐Coordinated Distibenes to Stibinidenes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Krüger
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE) University of Duisburg-Essen Universitätsstraße 5–7 45141 Essen Germany
| | - Christoph Wölper
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE) University of Duisburg-Essen Universitätsstraße 5–7 45141 Essen Germany
| | - Alexander A. Auer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Stephan Schulz
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE) University of Duisburg-Essen Universitätsstraße 5–7 45141 Essen Germany
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Raiser D, Eichele K, Schubert H, Wesemann L. Phosphine-Stabilized Pnictinidenes. Chemistry 2021; 27:14073-14080. [PMID: 34291518 PMCID: PMC8518042 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of the intramolecular germylene‐phosphine Lewis pair (o‐PPh2)C6H4GeAr* (1) with Group 15 element trichlorides ECl3 (E=P, As, Sb) was investigated. After oxidative addition, the resulting compounds (o‐PPh2)C6H4(Ar*)Ge(Cl)ECl2 (2: E=P, 3: E=As, 4: E=Sb) were reduced by using sodium metal or LiHBEt3. The molecular structures of the phosphine‐stabilized phosphinidene (o‐PPh2)C6H4(Ar*)Ge(Cl)P (5), arsinidene (o‐PPh2)C6H4(Ar*)Ge(Cl)As (6) and stibinidene (o‐PPh2)C6H4(Ar*)Ge(Cl)Sb (7) are presented; they feature a two‐coordinate low‐valent Group 15 element. After chloride abstraction, a cyclic germaphosphene [(o‐PPh2)C6H4(Ar*)GeP] [B(C6H3(CF3)2)4] (8) was isolated. The 31P NMR data of the germaphosphene were compared with literature examples and analyzed by quantum chemical calculations. The phosphinidene was treated with [iBu2AlH]2, and the product of an Al−H addition to the low‐valent phosphorus atom (o‐PPh2)C6H4(Ar*)Ge(H)P(H)Al(C4H9)2 (9) was characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Raiser
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Klaus Eichele
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hartmut Schubert
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lars Wesemann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
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15
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Kim H, Kim M, Song H, Lee E. Indol‐2‐ylidene (IdY): Ambiphilic N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Derived from Indole**. Chemistry 2021; 27:3849-3854. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyunho Kim
- Department of Chemistry Pohang University of Science and Technology Pohang 790-784 Republic of Korea
| | - Minseop Kim
- Department of Chemistry Pohang University of Science and Technology Pohang 790-784 Republic of Korea
| | - Hayoung Song
- Department of Chemistry Pohang University of Science and Technology Pohang 790-784 Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsung Lee
- Department of Chemistry Pohang University of Science and Technology Pohang 790-784 Republic of Korea
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16
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Helling C, Schulz S. Long‐Lived Radicals of the Heavier Group 15 Elements Arsenic, Antimony, and Bismuth. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202000571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Helling
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg‐Essen (CENIDE) University of Duisburg‐Essen Universitätsstraße 5‐7 45141 Essen Germany
| | - Stephan Schulz
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg‐Essen (CENIDE) University of Duisburg‐Essen Universitätsstraße 5‐7 45141 Essen Germany
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17
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Sharma MK, Blomeyer S, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Hinz A, van Gastel M, Ghadwal RS. Isolation of singlet carbene derived 2-arsa-1,3-butadiene radical cations and dications. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:3575-3578. [PMID: 32104835 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc00624f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
2-Arsa-1,3-butadienes (L)As(cAACR) (L = PhC[double bond, length as m-dash]C{(NDipp)CH}2, Dipp = 2,6-iPr2C6H3; cAACR = C{(NDipp)CMe2CH2C(R)}, R = Me22a, R = cyclohexyl (Cy) 2b) and the corresponding radical cations [(L)As(cAACR)]GaCl4 (R = Me23a, Cy 3b) and dications [(L)As(cAACR)](GaCl4)2 (R = Me 4a, Cy 4b) featuring a C[double bond, length as m-dash]C-As[double bond, length as m-dash]C π-conjugated framework are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahendra K Sharma
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center for Molecular Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstr. 25, D-33615, Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Blomeyer
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center for Molecular Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstr. 25, D-33615, Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Beate Neumann
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center for Molecular Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstr. 25, D-33615, Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Hans-Georg Stammler
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center for Molecular Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstr. 25, D-33615, Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Alexander Hinz
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Maurice van Gastel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Molecular Theory and Spectroscopy, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, Mülheim an der Ruhr, D-45470, Germany
| | - Rajendra S Ghadwal
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center for Molecular Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstr. 25, D-33615, Bielefeld, Germany.
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18
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Yang W, Krantz KE, Freeman LA, Dickie DA, Molino A, Kaur A, Wilson DJD, Gilliard RJ. Stable Borepinium and Borafluorenium Heterocycles: A Reversible Thermochromic "Switch" Based on Boron-Oxygen Interactions. Chemistry 2019; 25:12512-12516. [PMID: 31334883 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The first examples of N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) and cyclic(alkyl)(amino) carbene (CAAC) stabilized borepinium and borafluorenium heterocycles are reported herein. The optical properties of the heterocyclic borenium cations were tuned by varying the Lewis base and by changing the number of atoms in the ring. More importantly, functionalizing the cationic boron ring system in the NHC-borafluorenium cation affords a temperature-sensitive molecule with reversible colorimetric "turn off/turn on" properties in solution. Notably, this is the first report of thermochromism in these cationic species. This property, which is mediated by an intermolecular boron-oxygen bond equilibrium, was examined in detail by X-ray crystallography, variable temperature-UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy (VT-UV/Vis), and density functional theory (DFT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, 409 McCormick Rd./ PO Box 400319, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
| | - Kelsie E Krantz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, 409 McCormick Rd./ PO Box 400319, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
| | - Lucas A Freeman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, 409 McCormick Rd./ PO Box 400319, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
| | - Diane A Dickie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, 409 McCormick Rd./ PO Box 400319, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
| | - Andrew Molino
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, 3086, Victoria, Australia
| | - Aishvaryadeep Kaur
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, 3086, Victoria, Australia
| | - David J D Wilson
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, 3086, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robert J Gilliard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, 409 McCormick Rd./ PO Box 400319, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
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19
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Sharma MK, Blomeyer S, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Ghadwal RS. Crystalline Divinyldiarsenes and Cleavage of the As=As Bond. Chemistry 2019; 25:8249-8253. [PMID: 31017700 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201901857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The first divinyldiarsenes [{(NHC)C(Ph)}As]2 (NHC=IPr 3 a, SIPr 3 b; IPr=C{(NAr)CH}2 ; SIPr=C{(NAr)CH2 }2 ; Ar=2,6-iPr2 C6 H3 ) are reported. Compounds 3 a and 3 b were prepared by the reduction of corresponding chlorides {(NHC)C(Ph)}AsCl2 (NHC=IPr 2 a, SIPr 2 b) with Mg. Calculations revealed a small HOMO-LUMO energy gap of 3.86 (3 a) and 4.24 eV (3 b). Treatment of 3 a with (Me2 S)AuCl led to the cleavage of the As=As bond to restore 2 a, which is expected to proceed via the diarsane [{(IPr)C(Ph)}AsCl]2 (4). Remarkably, 4 as well as 2 a can be selectively accessed on treatment of 3 a with an appropriate amount of C2 Cl6 . Moreover, 3 a readily reacts with PhEEPh (E=Se or Te) at room temperature to give {(IPr)C(Ph)}As(EPh)2 (E=Se 5 a; Te 5 b), revealing the cleavage of As=As and E-E bonds and the formation of As-E bonds. Such highly selective stepwise oxidation (3 a→4→2 a) and bond metathesis (3 a→5 a,b) reactions are unprecedented in main-group chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahendra K Sharma
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Centrum für Molekulare Materialien, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Sebastian Blomeyer
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Centrum für Molekulare Materialien, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Beate Neumann
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Centrum für Molekulare Materialien, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Stammler
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Centrum für Molekulare Materialien, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Rajendra S Ghadwal
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Centrum für Molekulare Materialien, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
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20
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Ho LP, Nasr A, Jones PG, Altun A, Neese F, Bistoni G, Tamm M. London Dispersion Interactions in Pnictogen Cations [ECl
2
]
+
and [E=E]
2+
(E=P, As, Sb) Supported by Anionic
N
‐Heterocyclic Carbenes. Chemistry 2018; 24:18922-18932. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201804714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Luong Phong Ho
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische ChemieTechnische Universität Braunschweig Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Alexandre Nasr
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische ChemieTechnische Universität Braunschweig Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Peter G. Jones
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische ChemieTechnische Universität Braunschweig Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Ahmet Altun
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Frank Neese
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Giovanni Bistoni
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Matthias Tamm
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische ChemieTechnische Universität Braunschweig Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Germany
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