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Fernández Z, Sánchez L, Santhosh Babu S, Fernández G. Oligo(phenyleneethynylene)s: Shape-Tunable Building Blocks for Supramolecular Self-Assembly. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202402259. [PMID: 38421233 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202402259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Oligo(phenyleneethynylene)s (OPEs) have attracted widespread attention due to their remarkable (opto)electronic and photophysical properties, which have enabled numerous applications. The versatile functionalization possibilities of OPEs make them unique candidates to form various shape-persistent geometries, including linear, triangular, rectangular, hexagonal and macrocyclic. However, as a result of this structural variety, it is oftentimes challenging to correlate molecular design with self-assembly properties. In this minireview, we have classified OPEs based on their molecular shapes and correlated them with their self-assembly behavior in solution. Particularly, we provide important insights into the aggregation propensity of the different molecular shapes and how to tune the association strength using various non-covalent interactions. Our classification will enable a better understanding of the structure-property correlation in OPEs, which is key to develop supramolecular functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulema Fernández
- Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstraße 36, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Luis Sánchez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sukumaran Santhosh Babu
- Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstraße 36, 48149, Münster, Germany
- CSIR, National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, 411008, Pune, India
| | - Gustavo Fernández
- Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstraße 36, 48149, Münster, Germany
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Roy S, Maji TK. Self-assembled organic and hybrid materials derived from oligo-( p-phenyleneethynylenes). Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:4149-4167. [PMID: 35274120 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc00186a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Oligo-(p-Phenyleneethynylenes) (OPEs) have garnered widespread interest over the past three decades due to their excellent opto-electronic properties. However, the chief focus has been on the use of mainly small molecules or polymeric systems for the study of their structural diversity in opto-electronic applications. Recently, researchers have started delving deeper into their utility in material applications. Purely organic materials such as supramolecular polymers, self-assembled nanostructures, nanostructured organogels and single-crystalline materials derived from OPEs have already been developed and researched. Chirality has also been introduced into these systems. Additionally, these have shown physical properties such as polymorphism, liquid crystallinity, melt formation, mechanochromism, etc. All these materials have also shown excellent luminescence properties with high quantum yield and some have even shown energy harvesting properties. There have also been sporadic reports on OPE linker based hybrid systems such as metallogels and metal-organic framework (MOF) structures where structural analysis reveals the origin of tunable emission in these materials. Furthermore, by innovative structural design, unexplored properties of OPEs such as water repellency, bioimaging, drug delivery, photocatalysis, energy transfer, nanomorphology control, photoconductivity, and colour tunability could be achieved. This feature article will, therefore, encompass a detailed discussion on the development of this field as well as the analysis of the properties realized in OPE derived self-assembled supramolecular materials. The main focus will be on the following classes of materials: soft supramolecular materials, crystalline supramolecular π-systems, nanoscale metal-organic frameworks (NMOFs) and bulk metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and how their application horizon has been expanded by integrating OPEs into their structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syamantak Roy
- Molecular Materials Laboratory, Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit, School of Advanced Material (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India.
| | - Tapas Kumar Maji
- Molecular Materials Laboratory, Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit, School of Advanced Material (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India.
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Liu Z, Liu Y, Qi F, Yan H, Jiang Z, Chen Y. Flexible π-Conjugated 2,5-Diarylamino-Terephthalates: A New Class of Mechanochromic Luminophores with Tunable Aggregation States. Chemistry 2020; 26:14963-14968. [PMID: 32761663 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The generation of different thermodynamically (meta)stable states is crucial for the development of smart solid-state luminescent materials. However, the design of luminophores with tunable aggregation states is remaining a grand challenge. Herein, we present a family of mechanochromic luminophores with tunable metastable states, based on the dynamically controllable π-π stacking of the flexible π-conjugated structure of 2,5-diarylamino-terephthalates in the solid state. The experimental data revealed that both the kinetically controlled metastable state and thermodynamic controlled stable state can be generated via tuning the intermolecular interactions such as π-π stacking and hydrogen bonds. As a result, the highly sensitive mechano-stimuli response of these luminophores was successfully achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, 210073, P. R. China
| | - Yi Liu
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Fen Qi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Hui Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Liaocheng University, 1 Hunan Road, Liaocheng, 252000, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyong Jiang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, 210073, P. R. China.,Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Yuncong Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
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Roszak K, Katrusiak A. High-pressure preference for reduced water content in porous zinc aspartate hydrates. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION B, STRUCTURAL SCIENCE, CRYSTAL ENGINEERING AND MATERIALS 2020; 76:795-801. [PMID: 33017313 PMCID: PMC7535066 DOI: 10.1107/s2052520620009348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The zinc aspartate (ZnAsp2) complex, a common dietary supplement, preferentially crystallizes as the dihydrate (ZnAsp2·2H2O) from aqueous solution. Under normal conditions the dihydrate easily transforms into the sesquihydrate (ZnAsp2·1.5H2O). The dihydrate crystal structure is triclinic, space group P1, and the sesquihydrate is monoclinic, space group C2/c. However, their structures are closely related and similarly consist of zinc aspartate ribbons parallel to pores accommodating water molecules. These porous structures can breathe water molecules in and out depending on the temperature and air humidity. High pressure above 50 MPa favours the sesquihydrate, as shown by recrystallizations under pressure and compressibility measured by single-crystal X-ray diffraction up to 4 GPa. This preference is explained by the reduced volume of the sesquihydrate and water compressed separately, compared with the dihydrate. The sesquihydrate undergoes an isostructural phase transition when the voids collapse at 0.8 GPa, whereas no phase transitions occur in the dihydrate, because its pores are supported by increased water content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Roszak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, Poznań 61-614, Poland
| | - Andrzej Katrusiak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, Poznań 61-614, Poland
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Halder A, Bhattacharya B, Haque F, Dinda S, Ghoshal D. Polarity-Induced Excited-State Intramolecular Proton Transfer (ESIPT) in a Pair of Supramolecular Isomeric Multifunctional Dynamic Metal-Organic Frameworks. Chemistry 2019; 25:12196-12205. [PMID: 31276252 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A pair of supramolecular isomers of CdII -based MOF have been synthesized by utilizing a flexible N,N'-donor linker and a dicarboxylate with ESIPT (excited-state intramolecular proton transfer) fluorophore by varying the reaction media. One of the MOFs has a 3D four-fold interpenetrating framework with guest solvent in the structure that undergoes a solvent-dependent crystalline-to-crystalline structural transformation, which has been extensively studied by powder XRD and IR spectroscopy. The other MOF is structurally rigid in nature and has a two-fold interpenetrating structure without any guest molecules. Both the compounds show moderate CO2 adsorption and one of them, the MOF with the four-fold interpenetrating structure, also shows moderately high H2 adsorption. Furthermore, both the compounds show interesting luminescence behavior. In the solid state, the two compounds show single-peak spectra, whereas upon suspension of these compounds in polar solvents, the maxima split into two peaks with a large Stokes shift. On the other hand, in nonpolar solvents, only one emission maximum is observed. This solvatochromic dual-emission phenomenon is due to ESIPT, which has been extensively studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arijit Halder
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700 032, India
| | | | - Fazle Haque
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700 032, India
| | - Susanta Dinda
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700 032, India
| | - Debajyoti Ghoshal
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700 032, India
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