1
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Mu M, Walker KL, Sánchez-Sanz G, Waymouth RM, Trujillo C, Muldoon MJ, García-Melchor M. Insights into the Palladium(II)-Catalyzed Wacker-Type Oxidation of Styrene with Hydrogen Peroxide and tert-Butyl Hydroperoxide. ACS Catal 2024; 14:1567-1574. [PMID: 38327641 PMCID: PMC10845106 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c05630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Wacker oxidations are ubiquitous in the direct synthesis of carbonyl compounds from alkenes. While the reaction mechanism has been widely studied under aerobic conditions, much less is known about such processes promoted with peroxides. Here, we report an exhaustive mechanistic investigation of the Wacker oxidation of styrene using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) as oxidants by combining density functional theory and microkinetic modeling. Our results with H2O2 uncover a previously unreported reaction pathway that involves an intermolecular proton transfer assisted by the counterion [OTf]- present in the reaction media. Furthermore, we show that when TBHP is used as an oxidant instead of H2O2, the reaction mechanism switches to an intramolecular protonation sourced by the HOtBu moiety generated in situ. Importantly, these two mechanisms are predicted to outcompete the 1,2-hydride shift pathway previously proposed in the literature and account for the level of D incorporation in the product observed in labeling experiments with α-d-styrene and D2O2. We envision that these insights will pave the way for the rational design of more efficient catalysts for the industrial production of chemical feedstocks and fine chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manting Mu
- School
of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Katherine L. Walker
- Department
of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Goar Sánchez-Sanz
- Research
IT, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Robert M. Waymouth
- Department
of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Cristina Trujillo
- School
of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mark J. Muldoon
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen’s
University Belfast, Belfast BT71NN, U.K.
| | - Max García-Melchor
- School
of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2 Dublin, Ireland
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2
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Panahi F, Bauer F, Breit B. Rhodium-Catalyzed Allylic Addition as an Atom-Efficient Approach in Total Synthesis. Acc Chem Res 2023; 56:3676-3693. [PMID: 38064346 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
ConspectusFinding efficient synthetic methods for the asymmetric synthesis of complex molecules has always been of interest to organic chemists. Creating and controlling the stereochemistry of stereogenic centers bearing branched allylic moieties in organic molecules using a catalytic process is an attractive and successful method for the synthesis of several natural products and medicinally important compounds. Remarkable progress toward their synthesis has been achieved via transition-metal catalysis, especially in the case of allylic substitution and allylic C-H oxidation chemistry. However, for allylic substitution the preinstallation of a leaving group is essential, and for allylic C-H oxidation, stoichiometric amounts of oxidant are required. Besides that, the control of regioselectivity with these methods is often problematic because the linear product can be produced as a major isomer. Our research group has developed a regioselective, enantioselective, and atom economic route toward the more valuable branched product via a Rh-catalyzed coupling of easily accessible alkynes or the double-bond isomeric allenes with pronucleophiles. It was demonstrated that, using this new approach, it is possible to add different pronucleophiles to alkynes or allenes to form branched allylic moieties through C-C and C-heteroatom bond formation. Since new organic reactions offer new opportunities in chemical synthesis and the benchmark for new synthetic methods is their application in target-oriented synthesis, we have demonstrated several successful syntheses of natural products and medicinally relevant targets. For example, in the total syntheses of Quercuslactones, Helicascolides A-C, Epothilone D, Homolargazole, and Thailandepsin B, the Rh-catalyzed hydro-oxycarbonylation of allenes was used as key step via C-O bond formation. Remarkably, the Rh-catalyzed C2-symmetric dimerization strategy was used to synthesize the complex molecules Clavosolide A and Vermiculine, leading to an extreme increase in structural complexity within a single step. For the total syntheses of Centrolobine, Pitavastatin, and Rosuvastatin, C-O bond formation was achieved through the addition of a hydroxy function to the allene moiety. The potential of the addition of nitrogen pronucleophiles to allenes was demonstrated in the total syntheses of Cusparein, Angusterein, Cermicin C, Senepodin G, Homoproline, Pipecolinol, Coniceine, Coniine, Ruxolitinib, Sitagliptin, Abacavir, Glucokinase activators, and Chaetominine. All of these examples testify to the wide applicability of the Rh-catalyzed addition of pronucleophiles to allenes or alkynes in target-oriented synthesis, and in this Account we summarize our contribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Panahi
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Felix Bauer
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Bernhard Breit
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
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3
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Agrawal T, Perez-Morales KD, Cort JA, Sieber JD. Asymmetric Synthesis of Propargylic α-Stereogenic Tertiary Amines by Reductive Alkynylation of Tertiary Amides Using Ir/Cu Tandem Catalysis. J Org Chem 2022; 87:6387-6392. [PMID: 35435681 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The development of an asymmetric protocol for the reductive alkynylation of amides to access important α-stereogenic tertiary propargylic amines is reported using a tandem Ir-catalyzed hydrosilylation/enantioselective Cu-catalyzed alkynylation. The reaction utilizes a Cu/PyBox catalyst system in the alkynylation step to achieve asymmetry and affords excellent yields with moderate to good levels of enantiocontrol while employing low Ir-catalyst loadings (0.5 mol %).
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Affiliation(s)
- Toolika Agrawal
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1001 West Main Street, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
| | - Kimberly D Perez-Morales
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1001 West Main Street, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
| | - Jermaine A Cort
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1001 West Main Street, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
| | - Joshua D Sieber
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1001 West Main Street, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
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4
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Kennemur J, Maji R, Scharf MJ, List B. Catalytic Asymmetric Hydroalkoxylation of C-C Multiple Bonds. Chem Rev 2021; 121:14649-14681. [PMID: 34860509 PMCID: PMC8704240 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Asymmetric hydroalkoxylation of alkenes constitutes a redox-neutral and 100% atom-economical strategy toward enantioenriched oxygenated building blocks from readily available starting materials. Despite their great potential, catalytic enantioselective additions of alcohols across a C-C multiple bond are particularly underdeveloped, especially compared to other hydrofunctionalization methods such as hydroamination. However, driven by some recent innovations, e.g., asymmetric MHAT methods, asymmetric photocatalytic methods, and the development of extremely strong chiral Brønsted acids, there has been a gratifying surge of reports in this burgeoning field. The goal of this review is to survey the growing landscape of asymmetric hydroalkoxylation by highlighting exciting new advances, deconstructing mechanistic underpinnings, and drawing insight from related asymmetric hydroacyloxylation and hydration. A deep appreciation of the underlying principles informs an understanding of the various selectivity parameters and activation modes in the realm of asymmetric alkene hydrofunctionalization while simultaneously evoking the outstanding challenges to the field moving forward. Overall, we aim to lay a foundation for cross-fertilization among various catalytic fields and spur further innovation in asymmetric hydroalkoxylations of C-C multiple bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Manuel J. Scharf
- Max-Planck-Institut für
Kohlenforschung, Kaiser Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Benjamin List
- Max-Planck-Institut für
Kohlenforschung, Kaiser Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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5
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Liu H, Ottosen RN, Jennet KM, Svenningsen EB, Kristensen TF, Biltoft M, Jakobsen MR, Poulsen TB. Macrodiolide Diversification Reveals Broad Immunosuppressive Activity That Impairs the cGAS‐STING Pathway. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202105793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Han Liu
- Department of Chemistry Aarhus University Langelandsgade 140 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
- Current address: Department of Chemistry The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong SAR P. R. China
| | - Rasmus N. Ottosen
- Department of Chemistry Aarhus University Langelandsgade 140 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Kira M. Jennet
- Department of Chemistry Aarhus University Langelandsgade 140 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Esben B. Svenningsen
- Department of Chemistry Aarhus University Langelandsgade 140 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Tobias F. Kristensen
- Department of Chemistry Aarhus University Langelandsgade 140 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Mette Biltoft
- STipe Therapeutics ApS, c/o The Kitchen Peter Sabroes Gade 7 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Martin R. Jakobsen
- STipe Therapeutics ApS, c/o The Kitchen Peter Sabroes Gade 7 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine Aarhus University Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 10 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Thomas B. Poulsen
- Department of Chemistry Aarhus University Langelandsgade 140 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
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6
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Liu H, Ottosen RN, Jennet KM, Svenningsen EB, Kristensen TF, Biltoft M, Jakobsen MR, Poulsen TB. Macrodiolide Diversification Reveals Broad Immunosuppressive Activity That Impairs the cGAS-STING Pathway. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:18734-18741. [PMID: 34124819 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202105793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The development of new immunomodulatory agents can impact various areas of medicine. In particular, compounds with the ability to modulate innate immunological pathways hold significant unexplored potential. Herein, we report a modular synthetic approach to the macrodiolide natural product (-)-vermiculine, an agent previously shown to possess diverse biological effects, including cytotoxic and immunosuppressive activity. The synthesis allows for a high degree of flexibility in modifying the macrocyclic framework, including the formation of all possible stereoisomers. In total, 18 analogues were prepared. Two analogues with minor structural modifications showed clearly enhanced cancer cell line selectivity and reduced toxicity. Moreover, these compounds possessed broad inhibitory activity against innate immunological pathways in human PBMCs, including the DNA-sensing cGAS-STING pathway. Initial mechanistic characterization suggests a surprising impairment of the STING-TBK1 interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.,Current address: Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Rasmus N Ottosen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Kira M Jennet
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Esben B Svenningsen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Tobias F Kristensen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Mette Biltoft
- STipe Therapeutics ApS, c/o The Kitchen, Peter Sabroes Gade 7, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Martin R Jakobsen
- STipe Therapeutics ApS, c/o The Kitchen, Peter Sabroes Gade 7, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.,Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 10, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Thomas B Poulsen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
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7
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Schmidt JP, Breit B. Rhodium-Catalyzed Cyclization of Terminal and Internal Allenols: An Atom Economic and Highly Stereoselective Access Towards Tetrahydropyrans. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:23485-23490. [PMID: 32940396 PMCID: PMC7756761 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202009166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive study of a diastereoselective Rh-catalyzed cyclization of terminal and internal allenols is reported. The methodology allows the atom economic and highly syn-selective access to synthetically important 2,4-disubstituted and 2,4,6-trisubstituted tetrahydropyrans (THP). Furthermore, its utility and versatility are demonstrated by a great functional-group compatibility and the enantioselective total synthesis of (-)-centrolobine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes P. Schmidt
- Institute for Organic ChemistryAlbert-Ludwigs-Universität FreiburgAlbertstraße 2179104Freiburg im BreisgauGermany
| | - Bernhard Breit
- Institute for Organic ChemistryAlbert-Ludwigs-Universität FreiburgAlbertstraße 2179104Freiburg im BreisgauGermany
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8
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Blieck R, Taillefer M, Monnier F. Metal-Catalyzed Intermolecular Hydrofunctionalization of Allenes: Easy Access to Allylic Structures via the Selective Formation of C–N, C–C, and C–O Bonds. Chem Rev 2020; 120:13545-13598. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Blieck
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier UMR 5253, Université Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 8 rue de l’Ecole Normale, Montpellier 34296, Cedex 5, France
| | - Marc Taillefer
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier UMR 5253, Université Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 8 rue de l’Ecole Normale, Montpellier 34296, Cedex 5, France
| | - Florian Monnier
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier UMR 5253, Université Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 8 rue de l’Ecole Normale, Montpellier 34296, Cedex 5, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, IUF, 1 rue Descartes, 75231 Paris, cedex 5, France
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9
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Schmidt JP, Breit B. Rhodium‐Catalyzed Cyclization of Terminal and Internal Allenols: An Atom Economic and Highly Stereoselective Access Towards Tetrahydropyrans. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202009166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes P. Schmidt
- Institute for Organic Chemistry Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Albertstraße 21 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau Germany
| | - Bernhard Breit
- Institute for Organic Chemistry Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Albertstraße 21 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau Germany
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10
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Saha S, Yadav S, Reshi NUD, Dutta I, Kunnikuruvan S, Bera JK. Electronic Asymmetry of an Annelated Pyridyl–Mesoionic Carbene Scaffold: Application in Pd(II)-Catalyzed Wacker-Type Oxidation of Olefins. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c02729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sayantani Saha
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Environmental Science, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Suman Yadav
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Environmental Science, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Noor U Din Reshi
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Environmental Science, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Indranil Dutta
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Environmental Science, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Sooraj Kunnikuruvan
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Environmental Science, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Jitendra K. Bera
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Environmental Science, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
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11
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Yang H, Sun HR, Xue RD, Wu ZB, Gou BB, Lei Y, Chen J, Zhou L. Selectfluor-Mediated Stereoselective [1 + 1 + 4 + 4] Dimerization of Styrylnaphthols. Org Lett 2019; 21:9829-9835. [PMID: 31820653 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b03587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Stereoselective [1 + 1 + 4 + 4] dimerization of 1-styrylnaphthols has been developed by using Selectfluor as the oxidant for the first time. The reaction was compatible with various functional groups, giving a class of ethanodinaphtho[b,f][1,5]dioxocines with novel 3D skeletons. DFT calculations indicate that this method merges an intriguing stereoselective intermolecular 1 + 1 radical coupling to construct a bridged C-C bond and then an intramolecular [4 + 4] formal cycloaddition of the in situ generated o-quinone methide intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education , Northwest University , Xi'an 710127 , P.R. China
| | - Huai-Ri Sun
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education , Northwest University , Xi'an 710127 , P.R. China
| | - Rui-Di Xue
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education , Northwest University , Xi'an 710127 , P.R. China
| | - Zi-Bo Wu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education , Northwest University , Xi'an 710127 , P.R. China
| | - Bo-Bo Gou
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education , Northwest University , Xi'an 710127 , P.R. China
| | - Yibo Lei
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education , Northwest University , Xi'an 710127 , P.R. China
| | - Jie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education , Northwest University , Xi'an 710127 , P.R. China
| | - Ling Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education , Northwest University , Xi'an 710127 , P.R. China
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12
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Świtlicka A, Choroba K, Szlapa-Kula A, Machura B, Erfurt K. Experimental and theoretical insights into spectroscopy and electrochemistry of Re(I) carbonyl with oxazoline-based ligand. Polyhedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2019.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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