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Franzen JH, Wilm LFB, Rotering P, Wurst K, Seidl M, Dielmann F. Electron-rich pyridines with para-N-heterocyclic imine substituents: ligand properties and coordination to CO 2, SO 2, BCl 3 and Pd II complexes. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:11876-11883. [PMID: 38953467 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt01399a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Electron-rich pyridines with π donor groups at the para position play an important role as nucleophiles in organocatalysis, but their ligand properties and utilization in coordination chemistry have received little attention. Herein, we report the synthesis of two electron-rich pyridines 1 and 2 bearing N-heterocyclic imine groups at the para position and explore their coordination chemistry. Experimental and computational methods were used to assess the donor ability of the new pyridines showing that they are stronger donors than aminopyridines and guanidinyl pyridines, and that the nature of the N-heterocyclic backbone has a strong influence on the pyridine donor strength. Coordination compounds with Lewis acids including the CO2, SO2, BCl3 and PdII ions were synthesized and characterized. Despite the ambident character of the new pyridines, coordination preferentially occurs at the pyridine-N atom. Methyl transfer experiments reveal that 1 and 2 can act as demethylation reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas H Franzen
- Institut für Allgemeine, Anorganische und Theoretische Chemie, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Lukas F B Wilm
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Universität Münster Corrensstrasse 30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Philipp Rotering
- Institut für Allgemeine, Anorganische und Theoretische Chemie, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Klaus Wurst
- Institut für Allgemeine, Anorganische und Theoretische Chemie, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Michael Seidl
- Institut für Allgemeine, Anorganische und Theoretische Chemie, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Fabian Dielmann
- Institut für Allgemeine, Anorganische und Theoretische Chemie, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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2
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Suhr S, Schröter N, Kleoff M, Neuman N, Hunger D, Walter R, Lücke C, Stein F, Demeshko S, Liu H, Reissig HU, van Slageren J, Sarkar B. Spin State in Homoleptic Iron(II) Terpyridine Complexes Influences Mixed Valency and Electrocatalytic CO 2 Reduction. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:6375-6386. [PMID: 37043797 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c00253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Two homoleptic Fe(II) complexes in different spin states bearing superbasic terpyridine derivatives as ligands are investigated to determine the relationship between spin state and electrochemical/spectroscopic behavior. Antiferromagnetic coupling between a ligand-centered radical and the high-spin metal center leads to an anodic shift of the first reduction potential and results in a species that shows mixed valency with a moderately intense intervalence-charge-transfer band. The differences afforded by the different spin states extend to the electrochemical reactivity of the complexes: while the low-spin species is a precatalyst for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction and leads to the preferential formation of CO with a Faradaic efficiency of 37%, the high-spin species only catalyzes proton reduction at a modest Faradaic efficiency of approximately 20%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Suhr
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Nicolai Schröter
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Merlin Kleoff
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicolas Neuman
- Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química - INTEC, UNL-CONICET, CCT-CONICET Santa Fe, S3000ZAA Santa Fe, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - David Hunger
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Robert Walter
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Clemens Lücke
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Felix Stein
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Serhiy Demeshko
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hang Liu
- Institut für Technische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Reissig
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Joris van Slageren
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Biprajit Sarkar
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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Kessaratikoon T, Theerathanagorn T, Crespy D, D'Elia V. Organocatalytic Polymers from Affordable and Readily Available Building Blocks for the Cycloaddition of CO 2 to Epoxides. J Org Chem 2023; 88:4894-4924. [PMID: 36692489 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The catalytic cycloaddition of CO2 to epoxides to afford cyclic carbonates as useful monomers, intermediates, solvents, and additives is a continuously growing field of investigation as a way to carry out the atom-economic conversion of CO2 to value-added products. Metal-free organocatalytic compounds are attractive systems among various catalysts for such transformations because they are inexpensive, nontoxic, and readily available. Herein, we highlight and discuss key advances in the development of polymer-based organocatalytic materials that match these requirements of affordability and availability by considering their synthetic routes, the monomers, and the supports employed. The discussion is organized according to the number (monofunctional versus bifunctional materials) and type of catalytically active moieties, including both halide-based and halide-free systems. Two general synthetic approaches are identified based on the postsynthetic functionalization of polymeric supports or the copolymerization of monomers bearing catalytically active moieties. After a review of the material syntheses and catalytic activities, the chemical and structural features affecting catalytic performance are discussed. Based on such analysis, some strategies for the future design of affordable and readily available polymer-based organocatalysts with enhanced catalytic activity under mild conditions are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanika Kessaratikoon
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Payupnai, WangChan, Rayong 21210, Thailand
| | - Tharinee Theerathanagorn
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Payupnai, WangChan, Rayong 21210, Thailand
| | - Daniel Crespy
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Payupnai, WangChan, Rayong 21210, Thailand
| | - Valerio D'Elia
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Payupnai, WangChan, Rayong 21210, Thailand
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4
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Remarkably flexible 2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridines and their group 8–10 transition metal complexes – Chemistry and applications. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Rao CN, Reissig H. Synthesis and Evaluation of Enantiopure HMPA Analogs in Samarium‐Diiodide‐Promoted Dearomatizations of N‐Acylated Indole Derivatives. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202101065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chintada Nageswara Rao
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie Freie Universität Berlin Takustrasse 3 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Hans‐Ulrich Reissig
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie Freie Universität Berlin Takustrasse 3 14195 Berlin Germany
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7
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Brennecke B, Castello Micó A, Selter L, Accorsi M, Zimmer R, Reissig H. A Proline and 4‐Hydroxyproline Based Approach to Enantiopure Pyrrolidin‐2‐yl‐Substituted Pyridine and Pyrimidine Derivatives. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Brennecke
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie Freie Universität Berlin Takustrasse 3 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Alicia Castello Micó
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie Freie Universität Berlin Takustrasse 3 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Lars Selter
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie Freie Universität Berlin Takustrasse 3 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Matteo Accorsi
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie Freie Universität Berlin Takustrasse 3 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Reinhold Zimmer
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie Freie Universität Berlin Takustrasse 3 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Hans‐Ulrich Reissig
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie Freie Universität Berlin Takustrasse 3 14195 Berlin Germany
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8
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Sanchez-Andrada P, Vidal-Vidal A, Prieto T, Elguero J, Alkorta I, Marin-Luna M. Alkylammonium Cation Affinities of Nitrogenated Organobases: The Roles of Hydrogen Bonding and Proton Transfer. Chempluschem 2021; 86:1097-1105. [PMID: 34251758 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202100235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Alkylammonium cation affinities of 64 nitrogen-containing organobases, as well as the respective proton transfer processes from the alkylammonium cations to the base, have been computed in the gas phase by using DFT methods. The guanidine bases show the highest proton transfer values (191.9-233 kJ mol-1 ) whereas the cis-2,2'-biimidazole presents the largest affinity towards the alkylammonium cations (>200 kJ mol-1 ) values. The resulting data have been compared with the experimentally reported proton affinities of the studied nitrogen-containing organobases revealing that the propensity of an organobase for the proton transfer process increases linearly with its proton affinity. This work can provide a tool for designing senors for bioactive compounds containing amino groups that are protonated at physiological pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Sanchez-Andrada
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia Facultad de Química, Campus de Espinardo, E-30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Angel Vidal-Vidal
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Vigo Campus Lagoas-Marcosende, Vigo, Spain
| | - Tania Prieto
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Vigo Campus Lagoas-Marcosende, Vigo, Spain
| | - José Elguero
- Instituto de Química Médica, Centro Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva, 3, E-28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ibon Alkorta
- Instituto de Química Médica, Centro Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva, 3, E-28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Marin-Luna
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia Facultad de Química, Campus de Espinardo, E-30100, Murcia, Spain
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9
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Rodrigues CV, Johnson KR, Lombardi VC, Rodrigues MO, Sobrinho JA, de Bettencourt-Dias A. Photocytotoxicity of Thiophene- and Bithiophene-Dipicolinato Luminescent Lanthanide Complexes. J Med Chem 2021; 64:7724-7734. [PMID: 34018753 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
New thiophene-dipicolinato-based compounds, K2nTdpa (n = 1, 2), were isolated. Their anions are sensitizers of lanthanide ion (LnIII) luminescence and singlet oxygen generation (1O2). Emission in the visible and near-infrared regions was observed for the LnIII complexes with efficiencies (ϕLn) ϕEu = 33% and ϕYb = 0.31% for 1Tdpa2- and ϕYb = 0.07% for 2Tdpa2-. The latter does not sensitize EuIII emission. Fluorescence imaging of HeLa live cells incubated with K3[Eu(1Tdpa)3] indicates that the complex permeates the cell membrane and localizes in the mitochondria. All complexes generate 1O2 in solution with efficiencies (ϕO12) as high as 13 and 23% for the GdIII complexes of 1Tdpa2- and 2Tdpa2-, respectively. [Ln(nTdpa)3]3- (n = 1, 2) are phototoxic to HeLa cells when irradiated with UV light with IC50 values as low as 4.2 μM for [Gd(2Tdpa)3]3- and 91.8 μM for [Eu(1Tdpa)3]3-. Flow cytometric analyses indicate both apoptotic and necrotic cell death pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carime V Rodrigues
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, Nevada 89557, United States.,Laboratório de Inorgânica e Materiais, Instituto de Química, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasilia 70910-900 DF, Brazil
| | - Katherine R Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, Nevada 89557, United States
| | - Vincent C Lombardi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, Nevada 89557, United States
| | - Marcelo O Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Inorgânica e Materiais, Instituto de Química, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasilia 70910-900 DF, Brazil
| | - Josiane A Sobrinho
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, Nevada 89557, United States
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Natongchai W, Luque-Urrutia JA, Phungpanya C, Solà M, D'Elia V, Poater A, Zipse H. Cycloaddition of CO2 to epoxides by highly nucleophilic 4-aminopyridines: establishing a relationship between carbon basicity and catalytic performance by experimental and DFT investigations. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo01327g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
New highly nucleophilic homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts based on the 3,4-diaminopyridine scaffold are reported for the halogen-free cycloaddition of CO2 to epoxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuttichai Natongchai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- School of Molecular Science and Engineering
- Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC)
- Rayong
- Thailand
| | - Jesús Antonio Luque-Urrutia
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química
- Universitat de Girona
- 17003 Girona
- Spain
| | - Chalida Phungpanya
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- School of Molecular Science and Engineering
- Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC)
- Rayong
- Thailand
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química
- Universitat de Girona
- 17003 Girona
- Spain
| | - Valerio D'Elia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- School of Molecular Science and Engineering
- Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC)
- Rayong
- Thailand
| | - Albert Poater
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química
- Universitat de Girona
- 17003 Girona
- Spain
| | - Hendrik Zipse
- Department Chemie
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
- 81377 München
- Germany
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11
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Helberg J, Ampßler T, Zipse H. Pyridinyl Amide Ion Pairs as Lewis Base Organocatalysts. J Org Chem 2020; 85:5390-5402. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julian Helberg
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Torsten Ampßler
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Hendrik Zipse
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
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