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Lin X, Apostol P, Xu H, Bakuru VR, Guo X, Chen Z, Rambabu D, Pal S, Tie D, Zhang Y, Xie X, Kim SG, Li Y, Li Z, Du M, Yan S, Zhang X, Yuan R, Zheng M, Gauthy F, Finsy V, Zou J, Gohy JF, Dong Q, Vlad A. Design Principles of Quinone Redox Systems for Advanced Sulfide Solid-State Organic Lithium Metal Batteries. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2312908. [PMID: 38843480 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202312908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
The emergence of solid-state battery technology presents a potential solution to the dissolution challenges of high-capacity small molecule quinone redox systems. Nonetheless, the successful integration of argyrodite-type Li6PS5Cl, the most promising solid-state electrolyte system, and quinone redox systems remains elusive due to their inherent reactivity. Here, a library of quinone derivatives is selected as model electrode materials to ascertain the critical descriptors governing the (electro)chemical compatibility and subsequently the performances of Li6PS5Cl-based solid-state organic lithium metal batteries (LMBs). Compatibility is attained if the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital level of the quinone derivative is sufficiently higher than the highest occupied molecular orbital level of Li6PS5Cl. The energy difference is demonstrated to be critical in ensuring chemical compatibility during composite electrode preparation and enable high-efficiency operation of solid-state organic LMBs. Considering these findings, a general principle is proposed for the selection of quinone derivatives to be integrated with Li6PS5Cl, and two solid-state organic LMBs, based on 2,5-diamino-1,4-benzoquinone and 2,3,5,6-tetraamino-1,4-benzoquinone, are successfully developed and tested for the first time. Validating critical factors for the design of organic battery electrode materials is expected to pave the way for advancing the development of high-efficiency and long cycle life solid-state organic batteries based on sulfides electrolytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Lin
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, B-1348, Belgium
| | - Petru Apostol
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, B-1348, Belgium
| | - Hewei Xu
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, B-1348, Belgium
| | - Vasudeva Rao Bakuru
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, B-1348, Belgium
| | - Xiaolong Guo
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, B-1348, Belgium
| | - Zehan Chen
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, B-1348, Belgium
| | - Darsi Rambabu
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, B-1348, Belgium
| | - Shubhadeep Pal
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, B-1348, Belgium
| | - Da Tie
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, B-1348, Belgium
| | - Yan Zhang
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, B-1348, Belgium
| | - Xinlong Xie
- National Engineering Research Center of Light Alloy Net Forming, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composite, Center of Hydrogen Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Seung-Gi Kim
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, B-1348, Belgium
| | - Yi Li
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, B-1348, Belgium
| | - Zhao Li
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, B-1348, Belgium
- National Engineering Research Center of Light Alloy Net Forming, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composite, Center of Hydrogen Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Mengyuan Du
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, B-1348, Belgium
| | - Shanshan Yan
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, B-1348, Belgium
| | - Xiaozhe Zhang
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, B-1348, Belgium
| | - Ruming Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Mingsen Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Fernand Gauthy
- Syensqo SA, Battery Materials Platform, Solid State Battery Applicability Laboratory, Rue de la Fusée, 98, Brussels, 1130, Belgium
| | - Vincent Finsy
- Syensqo SA, Battery Materials Platform, Solid State Battery Applicability Laboratory, Rue de la Fusée, 98, Brussels, 1130, Belgium
| | - Jianxin Zou
- National Engineering Research Center of Light Alloy Net Forming, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composite, Center of Hydrogen Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jean-François Gohy
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, B-1348, Belgium
| | - Quanfeng Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Alexandru Vlad
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, B-1348, Belgium
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Rottschäfer D, Reith S, Schwarzmann J, Tambornino F, Lichtenberg C. Cyclic Hydrocarbon Frameworks Containing Two Bismuth Atoms: Towards 9,10-Dibismaanthracene. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303363. [PMID: 38116821 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
When bismuth atoms are incorporated into cyclic organic systems, this commonly goes along with strained or distorted molecular geometries, which can be exploited to modulate the physical and chemical properties of these compounds. In six-membered heterocycles, bismuth atoms are often accompanied by oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen as a second hetero-element. In this work, we present the first examples of six-membered rings, in which two CH units are replaced by BiX moieties (X=Cl, Br, I), resulting in dihydro-anthracene analogs. Their behavior in chemically reversible reduction reactions is explored, aiming at the generation of dibisma-anthracene (bismanthrene). Heterometallic compounds (Bi/Fe, Bi/Mn) are introduced as potential bismanthrene surrogates, as supported by bismanthrene-transfer to selenium. Analytical techniques used to investigate the reported compounds include NMR spectroscopy, high-resolution mass spectrometry, single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses, and DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Rottschäfer
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, 35037, Marburg, Germany
| | - Sascha Reith
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, 35037, Marburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Schwarzmann
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, 35037, Marburg, Germany
| | - Frank Tambornino
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, 35037, Marburg, Germany
| | - Crispin Lichtenberg
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, 35037, Marburg, Germany
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Beagan DM, Cabelof AC. Recent advances in metal-mediated nitrogen oxyanion reduction using reductively borylated and silylated N-heterocycles. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:2203-2213. [PMID: 35044399 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03740d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reduction of nitrogen oxyanions is critical for the remediation of eutrophication caused by anthropogenic perturbations to the natural nitrogen cycle. There are many approaches to nitrogen oxyanion reduction, and here we report our advances in reductive deoxygenation using pre-reduced N-heterocycles. We show examples of nitrogen oxyanion reduction using Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, and Zn, and we evaluate the role of metal choice, number of coordinated oxyanions, and ancillary ligands on the reductive transformations. We report the experimental challenges faced and provide an outlook on new directions to repurpose nitrogen oxyanions into value-added products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Beagan
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Alyssa C Cabelof
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
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Sahoo P, Majumdar M. Reductively disilylated N-heterocycles as versatile organosilicon reagents. Dalton Trans 2021; 51:1281-1296. [PMID: 34889336 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03331j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The reductively disilylated N-heterocyclic systems 1,4-bis(trimethylsilyl)-1-aza-2,5-cyclohexadiene (1Si), 1,4-bis(trimethylsilyl)-1,4-dihydropyrazine (2Si) and its methyl derivatives (3Si and 4Si), and 1,1'-bis(trimethylsilyl)-4,4'-bipyridinylidene (5Si) are proficient organosilicon reagents owing to their low first vertical ionization potentials and the heterophilicity of the polarized N-Si bonds. These have prompted their reactivity as two-electron reductants or reductive silylations. These reactions benefit from the concomitant rearomatization of the N-heterocycles and liberation of trimethylsilyl halides or (Me3Si)2O, which are mostly volatile or easily removable byproducts. In this perspective, we have discussed the utilization of these reductively disilylated N-heterocyclic systems as versatile reagents in the salt-free reduction of transition metals (A) and main-group halides (B), in organic transformations (C) and in materials syntheses (D).
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Affiliation(s)
- Padmini Sahoo
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune-411008, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Moumita Majumdar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune-411008, Maharashtra, India.
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Beagan DM, Cabelof AC, Pepin R, Pink M, Carta V, Caulton KG. An Integrated View of Nitrogen Oxyanion Deoxygenation in Solution Chemistry and Electrospray Ion Production. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:17241-17248. [PMID: 34705459 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
There has been an increasing interest in chemistry involving nitrogen oxyanions, largely due to the environmental hazards associated with increased concentrations of these anions leading to eutrophication and aquatic "dead zones". Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of a suite of MNOx complexes (M = Co, Zn: x = 2, 3). Reductive deoxygenation of cobalt bis(nitrite) complexes with bis(boryl)pyrazine is faster for cobalt than previously reported nickel, and pendant O-bound nitrito ligand is still readily deoxygenated, despite potential implication of an isonitrosyl primary product. Deoxygenation of zinc oxyanion complexes is also facile, despite zinc being unable to stabilize a nitrosyl ligand, with liberation of nitric oxide and nitrous oxide, indicating N-N bond formation. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is effective for discriminating the types of nitrogen in these molecules. ESI mass spectrometry of a suite of M(NOx)y (x = 2, 3 and y = 1, 2) shows that the primary form of ionization is loss of an oxyanion ligand, which can be alleviated via the addition of tetrabutylammonium (TBA) as a nonintuitive cation pair for the neutral oxyanion complexes. We have shown these complexes to be subject to deoxygenation, and there is evidence for nitrogen oxyanion reduction in several cases in the ESI plume. The attractive force between cation and neutral is explored experimentally and computationally and attributed to hydrogen bonding of the nitrogen oxyanion ligands with ammonium α-CH2 protons. One example of ESI-induced reductive dimerization is mimicked by bulk solution synthesis, and that product is characterized by X-ray diffraction to contain two Co(NO)2+ groups linked by a highly conjugated diazapolyene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Beagan
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Alyssa C Cabelof
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Robert Pepin
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Maren Pink
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Veronica Carta
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Kenneth G Caulton
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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Beagan DM, Maciulis NA, Pink M, Carta V, Huerfano IJ, Chen CH, Caulton KG. A Redox-Active Tetrazine-Based Pincer Ligand for the Reduction of N-Oxyanions Using a Redox-Inert Metal. Chemistry 2021; 27:11676-11681. [PMID: 34008888 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The reaction chemistry of the bis-tetrazinyl pyridine ligand (btzp) towards nitrogen oxyanions coordinated to zinc is studied in order to explore the reduction of the NOx - substrates with a redox-active ligand in the absence of redox activity at the metal. Following syntheses and characterization of (btzp)ZnX2 for X=Cl, NO3 and NO2 , featuring O-Zn linkage of both nitrogen oxyanions, it is shown that a silylating agent selectively delivers silyl substituents to tetrazine nitrogens, without reductive deoxygenation of NOx -1 . A new synthesis of the highly hydrogenated H4 btzp, containing two dihydrotetrazine reductants is described as is the synthesis and characterization of (H4 btzp)ZnX2 for X=Cl and NO3 , both of which show considerable hydrogen bonding potential of the dihydrotetrazine ring NH groups. The (H4 btzp)ZnCl2 complex does not bind zinc in the pincer pocket, but instead H4 btzp becomes a bridge between neighboring atoms through tetrazine nitrogen atoms, forming a polymeric chain. The reaction of AgNO2 with (H4 btzp)ZnCl2 is shown to proceed with fast nitrite deoxygenation, yielding water and free NO. Half of the H4 btzp reducing equivalents form Ag0 and thus the chloride ligand remains coordinated to the zinc metal center to yield (btzp)ZnCl2 . To compare with AgNO2 , experiments of (H4 btzp)ZnCl2 with NaNO2 result in salt metathesis between chloride and nitrite, highlighting the importance of a redox-active cation in the reduction of nitrite to NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Beagan
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 47405, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Nicholas A Maciulis
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 47405, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Maren Pink
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 47405, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Veronica Carta
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 47405, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - I J Huerfano
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 47405, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Chun-Hsing Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 47405, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Kenneth G Caulton
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 47405, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
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Cabelof AC, Carta V, Caulton KG. A proton-responsive ligand becomes a dimetal linker for multisubstrate assembly via nitrate deoxygenation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:2780-2783. [PMID: 33598673 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc07886g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A bidentate pyrazolylpyridine ligand (HL) was installed on divalent nickel to give [(HL)2Ni(NO3)]NO3. This compound reacts with a bis-silylated heterocycle, 1,4-bis-(trimethylsilyl)-1,4-diaza-2,5-cyclohexadiene (TMS2Pz) to simultaneously reduce one of the nitrate ligands and deprotonate one of the HL ligands, giving octahedral (HL)(L-)Ni(NO3). The mononitrate species formed is then further reacted with TMS2Pz to doubly deoxygenate nitrate and form [(L-)Ni(NO)]2, dimeric via bridging pyrazolate with bent nitrosyl ligands, representing a two-electron reduction of coordinated nitrate. Independent synthesis of a dimeric species [(L-)Ni(Br)]2 is reported and effectively assembles two metals with better atom economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa C Cabelof
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, IN 47401, USA.
| | - Veronica Carta
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, IN 47401, USA.
| | - Kenneth G Caulton
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, IN 47401, USA.
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Assefa MK, Wu G, Hayton TW. Uranyl Oxo Silylation Promoted by Silsesquioxane Coordination. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:8738-8747. [PMID: 32292028 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c00990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mikiyas K. Assefa
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Guang Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Trevor W. Hayton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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Beagan DM, Carta V, Caulton KG. A reagent for heteroatom borylation, including iron mediated reductive deoxygenation of nitrate yielding a dinitrosyl complex. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:1681-1687. [PMID: 31956885 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt00077a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
4,4'-Bipyridyl is shown to be a catalyst for transfer of pinacolboryl groups from (Bpin)2 to nitrogen heterocycles and to Me3SiN3. Using stoichiometric (Bpin)2(pyrazine) or (Bpin)2(bipyridine) in an analogous manner, an aromatic nitro group is deoxygenated and subsequently borylated, and four-fold deoxygenation of (DIM)Fe(NO3)2(MeCN) to yield the dinitrosyl complex (DIM)Fe(NO)2 is facile. The co-product O(Bpin)2 is the quantitative fate of the removed oxo groups. With borylation of both nitrogen heterocycles and doubly deoxygenating two nitrates coordinated to a single metal center, broad spectrum methodology is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Beagan
- Indiana University, Department of Chemistry, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, IN 47401, USA.
| | - Veronica Carta
- Indiana University, Department of Chemistry, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, IN 47401, USA.
| | - Kenneth G Caulton
- Indiana University, Department of Chemistry, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, IN 47401, USA.
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