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Ringbeck B, Belov VN, Schmidtkunz C, Küpper K, Gries W, Weiss T, Brüning T, Hayen H, Bury D, Leng G, Koch HM. Human Metabolism and Urinary Excretion Kinetics of Nonylphenol in Three Volunteers after a Single Oral Dose. Chem Res Toxicol 2021; 34:2392-2403. [PMID: 34735116 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.1c00301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Nonylphenol (NP) is an endocrine-disrupting anthropogenic chemical that is ubiquitous in the environment. Human biomonitoring data and knowledge on internal NP exposure are still sparse, and its human metabolism is largely unknown. Therefore, in this study, we investigated human metabolism and urinary excretion of NP. Three male volunteers received a single oral dose of 1 mg 13C6-labeled NP (10.6-11.7 μg/kg body weight). Consecutive full urine voids were collected for 48 h. A metabolite screening identified nine ring- and/or side chain-oxidized metabolites. We chose the most promising hits, the alkyl chain-oxidized metabolites hydroxy-NP (OH-NP) and oxo-NP, for quantitative investigation next to the parent NP. For this purpose, we newly synthesized specific n - 1-oxidized monoisomeric analytical standards. Quantification of the polyisomeric metabolites was performed via online-solid phase extraction-LC-MS/MS with stable isotope dilution using a previously published consensus method. Alkyl chain hydroxylation (OH-NP) constituted the major metabolism pathway representing 43.7 or 62.2% (depending on the mass transition used for quantification) of the NP dose excreted in urine. The urinary excretion fraction (FUE) for oxo-NP was 6.0 or 9.3%. The parent NP, quantified via an analogous isomeric 13C6-NP standard, represented 6.6%. All target analytes were excreted predominately as glucuronic acid conjugates. Excretion was rather quick, with concentration maxima in urine 2.3-3.4 h after dosing and biphasic elimination kinetics (elimination half-times first phase: 1.0-1.5 h and second phase: 5.2-6.8 h). Due to its high FUE and insusceptibility to external contamination (contrary to parent NP), OH-NP represents a robust and sensitive novel exposure biomarker for NP. The novel FUEs enable to robustly back-calculate the overall NP intakes from urinary metabolite levels in population samples for a well-informed cumulative exposure and risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Ringbeck
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-University Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Vladimir N Belov
- Facility for Synthetic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry (MPI BPC), Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Katja Küpper
- Currenta GmbH & Co. OHG, Institute of Biomonitoring, 51368 Leverkusen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Gries
- Currenta GmbH & Co. OHG, Institute of Biomonitoring, 51368 Leverkusen, Germany
| | - Tobias Weiss
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-University Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Thomas Brüning
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-University Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Heiko Hayen
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Daniel Bury
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-University Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Gabriele Leng
- Currenta GmbH & Co. OHG, Institute of Biomonitoring, 51368 Leverkusen, Germany
| | - Holger M Koch
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-University Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany
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Yaylı N, Kılıç G, Kahriman N, Kanbolat Ş, Bozdeveci A, Alpay Karaoğlu Ş, Aliyazıcıoğlu R, Erdinç Sellitepe H, Selin Doğan İ, Aydın A, Tatar G. Synthesis, biological evaluation (antioxidant, antimicrobial, enzyme inhibition, and cytotoxic) and molecular docking study of hydroxy methoxy benzoin/benzil analogous. Bioorg Chem 2021; 115:105183. [PMID: 34339978 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In this work, due to the biological activity evaluation, a series of hydroxy methoxy benzoins (1-8), benzils (10-16) and methoxy benzoin/benzil-O-β-d-glucosides (17-28) were synthesized. Antioxidant (FRAP, CUPRAC, DPPH), antimicrobial (16 microorganisms, and two yeast), enzyme inhibition (α-amylase, α-glucosidase, AChE, BChE, and tyrosinase) of all synthesized benzoin/benzil analogs were investigated. Benzoins (1-8) showed the most effective antioxidant properties compared to all three methods. Compound 28 against α-amylase, compound 9 against α-glucosidase, compound 11 against AChE, compound 2 against BChE, and compound 13 against tyrosinase showed the best activities with the better or similar IC50 values as used standards. Hydroxy methoxy benzoin compounds (1-8) among all four groups were seen as the most effective against the tested microorganism. Molecular docking analysis showed that all tested compounds 1-28 (0.01-2.22 µM) had the best binding affinity against AChE enzyme. Cytotoxic effects of the many of compounds (1-16, 21, and 24) also investigated and it was found that they caused different effects in different cells. The LDH tests of compounds 1a + b, 4, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 21, and 24, seemed to be effective compared to the positive control cisplatin. The cytotoxicity of compounds 6 (9.24%) for MCF7 cancer cells, 8 (5.16%) and 4 (8.26%) for HT29 cancer cells, 24 (9.84%) for Hep3B cells and 8 (8.52%), 7 (5.70%), 4 (6.94) and 9 (7.22%) for C6 cells were at normal values. And also cytotoxic activity of four compounds (5, 9, 21, and 24) among the all synthetic groups, were evaluated to the HeLa and RPE. Compound 5 showed anticancer activity on HeLa and RPE cancer cells as much as or better than cisplatin which was used as standard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurettin Yaylı
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey.
| | - Gözde Kılıç
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Nuran Kahriman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey.
| | - Şeyda Kanbolat
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Arif Bozdeveci
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, 53100 Rize, Turkey
| | - Şengül Alpay Karaoğlu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, 53100 Rize, Turkey
| | - Rezzan Aliyazıcıoğlu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Hasan Erdinç Sellitepe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey
| | - İnci Selin Doğan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Ali Aydın
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Bozok University, 66900 Yozgat, Turkey
| | - Gizem Tatar
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey
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Chen L, Zhang L, Tian Y, Li J, Liu Y. Copper/Iodine‐Cocatalyzed C‐C Cleavage of 1,3‐Dicarbonyl Compounds Toward 1,2‐Dicarbonyl Compounds. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Li‐Sha Chen
- Occupational Medicine Monitoring Station Institute of Occupational Medicine of Jiangxi 330006 Nanchang China
| | - Lu‐Bing Zhang
- Occupational Medicine Monitoring Station Institute of Occupational Medicine of Jiangxi 330006 Nanchang China
| | - Yue Tian
- Occupational Medicine Monitoring Station Institute of Occupational Medicine of Jiangxi 330006 Nanchang China
| | - Jin‐Heng Li
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle Nanchang Hangkong University 330063 Nanchang China
| | - Yong‐Quan Liu
- Occupational Medicine Monitoring Station Institute of Occupational Medicine of Jiangxi 330006 Nanchang China
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