1
|
Eghbarieh N, Masarwa A. Desymmetrization of Diboron(4) by a Trifluorination B-Masking Strategy: Practical Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Diboron Species. J Org Chem 2024; 89:11753-11760. [PMID: 39086151 PMCID: PMC11334178 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we report a straightforward practical and simple method for efficiently synthesizing a BF3-containing unsymmetrical diboron salt. This method involves the direct desymmetrization of commercially available diboron(4). This desymmetrization is based on a selective B-masking strategy via nucleophilic trifluorination, providing the elusive diborons bearing a trifluoroborate group. The synthetic utility of these salts is demonstrated through various examples of (sequential) B-ligand interconversions, enabling the synthesis of unsymmetrical diboron derivatives. These products, which serve as valuable building blocks, are obtained in gram-scale and high yields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadim Eghbarieh
- Institute of Chemistry, The
Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Casali Center for Applied
Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Ahmad Masarwa
- Institute of Chemistry, The
Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Casali Center for Applied
Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
McGhie L, Marotta A, Loftus PO, Seeberger PH, Funes-Ardoiz I, Molloy JJ. Photogeneration of α-Bimetalloid Radicals via Selective Activation of Multifunctional C1 Units. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:15850-15859. [PMID: 38805091 PMCID: PMC11177267 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Light-driven strategies that enable the chemoselective activation of a specific bond in multifunctional systems are comparatively underexplored in comparison to transition-metal-based technologies, yet desirable when considering the controlled exploration of chemical space. With the current drive to discover next-generation therapeutics, reaction design that enables the strategic incorporation of an sp3 carbon center, containing multiple synthetic handles for the subsequent exploration of chemical space would be highly enabling. Here, we describe the photoactivation of ambiphilic C1 units to generate α-bimetalloid radicals using only a Lewis base and light source to directly activate the C-I bond. Interception of these transient radicals with various SOMOphiles enables the rapid synthesis of organic scaffolds containing synthetic handles (B, Si, and Ge) for subsequent orthogonal activation. In-depth theoretical and mechanistic studies reveal the prominent role of 2,6-lutidine in forming a photoactive charge transfer complex and in stabilizing in situ generated iodine radicals, as well as the influential role of the boron p-orbital in the activation/weakening of the C-I bond. This simple and efficient methodology enabled expedient access to functionalized 3D frameworks that can be further derivatized using available technologies for C-B and C-Si bond activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lewis McGhie
- Department
of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam 14476, Germany
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität
Berlin, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Alessandro Marotta
- Department
of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam 14476, Germany
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität
Berlin, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Patrick O. Loftus
- Department
of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam 14476, Germany
| | - Peter H. Seeberger
- Department
of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam 14476, Germany
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität
Berlin, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Ignacio Funes-Ardoiz
- Department
of Chemistry, Instituto de Investigación Química de
la Universidad de La Rioja (IQUR), Universidad
de La Rioja Madre de Dios 53, Logroño 26004, Spain
| | - John J. Molloy
- Department
of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam 14476, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hu J, Tang M, Wang J, Wu Z, Friedrich A, Marder TB. Photocatalyzed Borylcyclopropanation of Alkenes with a (Diborylmethyl)iodide Reagent. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202305175. [PMID: 37527975 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202305175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Cyclopropane skeletons play a prominent role in the development of organic synthesis and pharmaceutical chemistry. Herein, we report the design and synthesis of a stable, multifunctional (diborylmethyl)iodide reagent (CHI(Bpin)2 ) for the photoinduced cyclopropanation of alkenes, providing an array of 1,2-substituted cyclopropylboronates in good yields. This α-haloboronic ester can be readily synthesized on a multigram scale from commercially available starting materials. Furthermore, the protocol displays high chemo- and diastereoselectivity, excellent functional-group tolerance, and allows for late-stage borylcyclopropanation of complex molecules. Mechanistic studies reveal that the borylcyclopropanation proceeds through a radical addition/polar cyclization pathway mediated by the photocatalyst fac-Ir(ppy)3 and visible light.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiefeng Hu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816 Jiangsu, China
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Man Tang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816 Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816 Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhu Wu
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Friedrich
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Todd B Marder
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Eghbarieh N, Hanania N, Masarwa A. Stereodefined polymetalloid alkenes synthesis via stereoselective boron-masking of polyborylated alkenes. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2022. [PMID: 37041219 PMCID: PMC10090189 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37733-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyborylated-alkenes are valuable polymetalloid reagents in modern organic synthesis, providing access to a wide array of transformations, including the construction of multiple C-C and C-heteroatom bonds. However, because they contain similar boryl groups, many times their transformation faces the main challenge in controlling the chemo-, regio- and stereoselectivity. One way to overcome these limitations is by installing different boron groups that can provide an opportunity to tune their reactivity toward better chemo-, regio- and stereoselectivity. Yet, the preparation of polyborylated-alkenes containing different boryl groups has been rare. Herein we report concise, highly site-selective, and stereoselective boron-masking strategies of polyborylated alkenes. This is achieved by designed stereoselective trifluorination and MIDA-ation reactions of readily available starting polyborylated alkenes. Additionally, the trifluoroborylated-alkenes undergo a stereospecific interconversion to Bdan-alkenes. These transition-metal free reactions provide a general and efficient method for the conversion of polyborylated alkenes to access 1,1-di-, 1,2-di-, 1,1,2-tris-(borylated) alkenes containing BF3M, Bdan, and BMIDA, a family of compounds that currently lack efficient synthetic access. Moreover, tetraborylethene undergoes the metal-free MIDA-ation reaction to provide the mono BMIDA tetraboryl alkene selectively. The mixed polyborylalkenes are then demonstrated to be useful in selective C-C and C-heteroatom bond-forming reactions. Given its simplicity and versatility, these stereoselective boron-masking approaches hold great promise for organoboron synthesis and will result in more transformations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadim Eghbarieh
- Institute of Chemistry, The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Casali Center for Applied Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
| | - Nicole Hanania
- Institute of Chemistry, The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Casali Center for Applied Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
| | - Ahmad Masarwa
- Institute of Chemistry, The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Casali Center for Applied Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Nagaraju A, Saiaede T, Eghbarieh N, Masarwa A. Photoredox-Mediated Deoxygenative Radical Additions of Aromatic Acids to Vinyl Boronic Esters and gem-Diborylalkenes. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202202646. [PMID: 36222076 PMCID: PMC10100356 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A new method to access β-keto-gem-diborylalkanes, by direct deoxygenative radical addition of aromatic carboxylic acids to gem-dibortlalkenes, is described. The reaction proceeds under mild photoredox catalysis and involves the photochemical C-O bond activation of aromatic carboxylic acids in the presence of PPh3 . It generates an acyl radical, which further undergoes an additional reaction with gem-diborylalkenes to form an α-gem-diboryl alkyl radical intermediate, which then reduces to the corresponding anion, which after protonation, affords the β-keto-gem-diborylalkane product. Moreover, the same scenario has been extended to the vinyl boronic esters, for example, gem-(Ar, Bpin)-alkenes, and gem-(Alkyl, Bpin)-alkenes. Importantly, this protocol provides a general platform for the late-stage functionalization of bio-active and drug molecules containing a carboxylic acid group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anugula Nagaraju
- Institute of ChemistryThe Hebrew University of JerusalemEdmond J. Safra CampusJerusalem9190401Israel
| | - Tamer Saiaede
- Institute of ChemistryThe Hebrew University of JerusalemEdmond J. Safra CampusJerusalem9190401Israel
| | - Nadim Eghbarieh
- Institute of ChemistryThe Hebrew University of JerusalemEdmond J. Safra CampusJerusalem9190401Israel
| | - Ahmad Masarwa
- Institute of ChemistryThe Hebrew University of JerusalemEdmond J. Safra CampusJerusalem9190401Israel
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hanania N, Nassir M, Eghbarieh N, Masarwa A. A Stereodivergent Approach to the Synthesis of gem-Diborylcyclopropanes. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202202748. [PMID: 36161797 PMCID: PMC10092851 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We report a designed stereodivergent strategy for the synthesis of gem-diborylcyclopropanes. The reaction provides a highly modular approach to prepare cyclopropane ring variants bearing gem-(Bpin,Bpin), gem-(Bpin,Bdan), and gem-(Bpin,BF3 K), with outstanding levels of stereocontrol. This was achieved by diastereoselective Pd-catalyzed cyclopropanation reactions of gem-diborylalkenes with α-diazoarylacetates and α-diazoaryl-trifluoromethyl. The key to the success of this general protocol was the diastereoselective trifluorination reaction of gem-diborylcyclopropanes, followed by the stereospecific interconversion of the trifluoroborate salts into the Bdan group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Hanania
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 9190401, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Molhm Nassir
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 9190401, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nadim Eghbarieh
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 9190401, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ahmad Masarwa
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 9190401, Jerusalem, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Huang W, Keess S, Molander GA. One step synthesis of unsymmetrical 1,3-disubstituted BCP ketones via nickel/photoredox-catalyzed [1.1.1]propellane multicomponent dicarbofunctionalization. Chem Sci 2022; 13:11936-11942. [PMID: 36320918 PMCID: PMC9580470 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc05100a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes (BCPs), utilized as sp3-rich bioisosteres for tert-butyl- and aryl groups as well as internal alkynes, have gained considerable momentum in drug development programs. Although many elegant methods have been developed to access BCP amines and BCP aryls efficiently, the methods used to construct BCP ketones directly are relatively underdeveloped. In particular, the preparation of unsymmetrical 1,3-disubstituted-BCP ketones remains challenging and still requires multiple chemical steps. Herein, a single-step, multi-component approach to versatile disubstituted BCP ketones via nickel/photoredox catalysis is reported. Importantly, installing a boron group at the carbon position adjacent to the BCP structure bypasses the limitation to tertiary BF3K coupling partners, thus expanding the scope of this paradigm. Further transformation of disubstituted-BCP ketones into a variety of other BCP derivatives demonstrates the synthetic value of this developed method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weichen Huang
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia 19104-6323 Pennsylvania USA
| | - Sebastian Keess
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Neuroscience Discovery Research, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG Ludwigshafen 67061 Germany
| | - Gary A Molander
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia 19104-6323 Pennsylvania USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Salvado O, Dominguez-Molano P, Fernández E. Stereoselective Cyclopropanation of 1,1-Diborylalkenes via Palladium-Catalyzed (Trimethylsilyl)diazomethane Insertion. Org Lett 2022; 24:4949-4953. [PMID: 35796357 PMCID: PMC9348837 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Palladium catalyzes
the cyclopropanation of 2-substituted 1,1-diborylalkenes
with (trimethylsilyl)diazomethane. The relative stereoselectivity
is controlled via a carbene insertion sequence generating an exclusive anti conformation between the R and SiMe3 substituents.
Mixed 1,1-diborylalkenes also contributed to the formation of stereoselective
B, B, Si-cyclopropanes. Orthogonal activation with NaOtBu gives protodeborylation preferentially on the
boron moiety syn to the aryl group. Further oxidation
gives access to polyfunctional cyclopropyl alcohols with controlled
enantioselectivity when chiral boryl motifs are involved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oriol Salvado
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, University Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Paula Dominguez-Molano
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, University Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Elena Fernández
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, University Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mali M, Sharma GVM, Ghosh S, Roisnel T, Carboni B, Berrée F. Simmons-Smith Cyclopropanation of Alkenyl 1,2-Bis(boronates): Stereoselective Access to Functionalized Cyclopropyl Derivatives. J Org Chem 2022; 87:7649-7657. [PMID: 35638869 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A Simmons-Smith stereodefined procedure for the synthesis of cyclopropyl-1,2-bis(boronates) has been developed starting from the corresponding alkenes. The resulting compounds were then subjected to regioselective Suzuki-Miyaura couplings to produce diversely tri- or tetra-substituted arylcyclopropanes in good yields. Further functionalization with 2-lithiothiophene provided 1,2-bis(aryl)cyclopropanes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maruti Mali
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500 007, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Gangavaram V M Sharma
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - Subhash Ghosh
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500 007, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Thierry Roisnel
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Bertrand Carboni
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Fabienne Berrée
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Liu W, Shen Z, Xu S. Synthesis of 1,1-Diboron Alkanes via Diborylation of Unactivated Primary C(sp 3)—H Bonds Enabled by AsPh 3/Iridium Catalysis. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202111032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
11
|
Paul S, Das KK, Aich D, Manna S, Panda S. Recent developments in the asymmetric synthesis and functionalization of symmetrical and unsymmetrical gem-diborylalkanes. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01300a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
gem-Diborylalkanes are an important class of organoboron compounds as they function as a key building block in organic synthesis. This review summarizes recent developments of the enantioselective synthesis of gem-diborylalkanes and application in asymmetric synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Swagata Paul
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Kanak Kanti Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Debasis Aich
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Samir Manna
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Santanu Panda
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhang C, Hu W, Morken JP. α-Boryl Organometallic Reagents in Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis. ACS Catal 2021; 11:10660-10680. [PMID: 35591862 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c02496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Recent years have witnessed an increase in the popularity of α-boryl organometallic reagents as versatile nucleophiles in asymmetric synthesis. These compounds have been adopted in chemo- and stereoselective coupling reactions with a number of different electrophiles. The resulting enantioenriched boronic esters can be applied in stereospecific carbon-carbon or carbon-heteroatom bond construction reactions, enabling a two-step strategy for the construction of complex structures with high efficiency and functional group compatibility. Due to these reasons, tremendous effort has been devoted to the preparation of enantiomerically enriched α-boryl organometallic reagents and to the development of stereoselective reactions of related racemic or prochiral materials. In this review, we describe the enantio- or diastereoselective reactions that involve α-boryl organometallic reagents as starting materials or products and we showcase their synthetic utility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenlong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Weipeng Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - James P. Morken
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Jo W, Lee JH, Cho SH. Advances in transition metal-free deborylative transformations of gem-diborylalkanes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:4346-4353. [PMID: 33949473 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc01048d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Carbanions serve as key intermediates in a variety of chemical transformations. Particularly, α-borylcarbanions have received considerable attention in recent years because of their peculiar properties, including the ability of boron atom resonance to stabilise the adjacent negatively charged carbon atom. This feature article summarises recent progress in the synthetic utilisation of α-borylcarbanions, including carbon-carbon bond formation with alkyl halides, alkenes, N-heteroarenes, and carbonyls. Carbon-boron bond formation in organohalides mediated by α-borylcarbanions is also summarised.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Woohyun Jo
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jun Hee Lee
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Dongguk University - Gyeongju Campus, Gyeongju, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seung Hwan Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Eghbarieh N, Hanania N, Zamir A, Nassir M, Stein T, Masarwa A. Stereoselective Diels-Alder Reactions of gem-Diborylalkenes: Toward the Synthesis of gem-Diboron-Based Polymers. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:6211-6220. [PMID: 33852300 PMCID: PMC8488944 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c01471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Although gem-diborylalkenes are known to be among the most valuable reagents in modern organic synthesis, providing a rapid access to a wide array of transformations, including the construction of C-C and C-heteroatom bonds, their use as dienophile-reactive groups has been rare. Herein we report the Diels-Alder (DA) reaction of (unsymmetrical) gem-diborylalkenes. These reactions provide a general and efficient method for the stereoselective conversion of gem-diborylalkenes to rapidly access 1,1-bisborylcyclohexenes. Using the same DA reaction manifold with borylated-dienes and gem-diborylalkenes, we also developed a concise, highly regioselective synthesis of 1,1,2-tris- and 1,1,3,4-tetrakis(boronates)cyclohexenes, a family of compounds that currently lack efficient synthetic access. Furthermore, DFT calculations provided insight into the underlying factors that control the chemo-, regio-, and stereoselectivity of these DA reactions. This method also provides stereodivergent syntheses of gem-diborylnorbornenes. The utility of the gem-diborylnorbornene building blocks was demonstrated by ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP), providing a highly modular approach to the first synthesis of the gem-diboron-based polymers. Additionally, these polymers have been successfully submitted to postpolymerization modification reactions. Given its simplicity and versatility, we believe that this novel DA and ROMP approach holds great promise for organoboron synthesis as well as organoboron-based polymers and that it will result in more novel transformations in both academic and industrial research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadim Eghbarieh
- Institute
of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Nicole Hanania
- Institute
of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Alon Zamir
- Institute
of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
- Fritz
Haber Center for Molecular Dynamics Research, Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Molhm Nassir
- Institute
of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Tamar Stein
- Institute
of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
- Fritz
Haber Center for Molecular Dynamics Research, Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Ahmad Masarwa
- Institute
of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wang X, Wang Y, Huang W, Xia C, Wu L. Direct Synthesis of Multi(boronate) Esters from Alkenes and Alkynes via Hydroboration and Boration Reactions. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c03418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xianjin Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Suzhou Research Institute of LICP, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Suzhou Research Institute of LICP, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chungu Xia
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Suzhou Research Institute of LICP, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lipeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Suzhou Research Institute of LICP, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kumar N, Eghbarieh N, Stein T, Shames AI, Masarwa A. Photoredox-Mediated Reaction of gem-Diborylalkenes: Reactivity Toward Diverse 1,1-Bisborylalkanes. Chemistry 2020; 26:5360-5364. [PMID: 32141638 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The use of gem-diborylalkenes as radical-reactive groups is explored for the first time. These reactions provide an efficient and general method for the photochemical conversion of gem-diborylalkenes to rapidly access 1,1-bisborylalkanes. This method exploits a novel photoredox decarboxylative radical addition to gem-diborylalkenes to afford α-gem-diboryl carbon-centered radicals, which benefit from additional stability by virtue of an interaction with the empty p-orbitals on borons. The reaction offers a highly modular and regioselective approach to γ-amino gem-diborylalkanes. Furthermore, EPR spectroscopy and DFT calculations have provided insight into the radical mechanism underlying the photochemistry reaction and the stability of the bis-metalated radicals, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nivesh Kumar
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
| | - Nadim Eghbarieh
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
| | - Tamar Stein
- Fritz Haber Center for Molecular Dynamics Research, Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Alexander I Shames
- Physics Department, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 8410501, Be'er Sheva, Israel
| | - Ahmad Masarwa
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Docherty JH, Nicholson K, Dominey AP, Thomas SP. A Boron–Boron Double Transborylation Strategy for the Synthesis of gem-Diborylalkanes. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c00869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jamie H. Docherty
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Kieran Nicholson
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew P. Dominey
- GSK Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen P. Thomas
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Babu KN, Massarwe F, Reddy RR, Eghbarieh N, Jakob M, Masarwa A. Unsymmetrical 1,1-Bisboryl Species: Valuable Building Blocks in Synthesis. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25040959. [PMID: 32093409 PMCID: PMC7070756 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25040959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Unsymmetrical 1,1-bis(boryl)alkanes and alkenes are organo-bismetallic equivalents, which are synthetically important because they allow for sequential selective transformations of C–B bonds. We reviewed the synthesis and chemical reactivity of 1,1-bis(boryl)alkanes and alkenes to provide information for the synthetic community. In the first part of this review, we disclose the synthesis and chemical reactivity of unsymmetrical 1,1-bisborylalkanes. In the second part, we describe the synthesis and chemical reactivity of unsymmetrical 1,1-bis(boryl)alkenes.
Collapse
|
19
|
Kumar N, Reddy RR, Eghbarieh N, Masarwa A. α-Borylalkyl radicals: their distinctive reactivity in modern organic synthesis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 56:13-25. [PMID: 31803873 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc08027a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Organoborons are extremely important for synthetic organic chemistry; they can serve as advanced intermediates for a variety of transformations. Such a well-known transformation involves the loss of the boron moiety, creating alkyl radicals. Although these originally developed protocols for alkyl radical generation remain in active use today, in recent years their α-boryl carbon-centred radicals have been joined by a new array of radical generation strategies that offer a unique reactivity to forge a wider diversity of organoborons that often operate under mild and benign conditions. Herein, we will highlight the stability and reactivity of α-borylalkyl radicals and their remarkably recent advances in order to further utilise them for C-C and C-heteroatom bond formation. Their use for this purpose has been reported over the last decade in an attempt to guide the synthetic community. Various transition-metal and metal-free methods for their generation are presented, and more advanced photoredox approaches are discussed, mainly for the period of 2009-2019.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nivesh Kumar
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Nishino S, Hirano K, Miura M. Copper-Catalyzed Electrophilic Amination of gem-Diborylalkanes with Hydroxylamines Providing α-Aminoboronic Acid Derivatives. Org Lett 2019; 21:4759-4762. [PMID: 31184168 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b01640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Soshi Nishino
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Koji Hirano
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masahiro Miura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| |
Collapse
|