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Brito B, Price TW, Gallo J, Bañobre-López M, Stasiuk GJ. Smart magnetic resonance imaging-based theranostics for cancer. Theranostics 2021; 11:8706-8737. [PMID: 34522208 PMCID: PMC8419031 DOI: 10.7150/thno.57004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Smart theranostics are dynamic platforms that integrate multiple functions, including at least imaging, therapy, and responsiveness, in a single agent. This review showcases a variety of responsive theranostic agents developed specifically for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), due to the privileged position this non-invasive, non-ionising imaging modality continues to hold within the clinical imaging field. Different MRI smart theranostic designs have been devised in the search for more efficient cancer therapy, and improved diagnostic efficiency, through the increase of the local concentration of therapeutic effectors and MRI signal intensity in pathological tissues. This review explores novel small-molecule and nanosized MRI theranostic agents for cancer that exhibit responsiveness to endogenous (change in pH, redox environment, or enzymes) or exogenous (temperature, ultrasound, or light) stimuli. The challenges and obstacles in the design and in vivo application of responsive theranostics are also discussed to guide future research in this interdisciplinary field towards more controllable, efficient, and diagnostically relevant smart theranostics agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Brito
- Department of Imaging Chemistry and Biology, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, Strand, London, UK, SE1 7EH
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, UK, HU6 7RX
- Advanced Magnetic Theranostic Nanostructures Lab, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga, 4715-330 Braga
| | - Thomas W. Price
- Department of Imaging Chemistry and Biology, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, Strand, London, UK, SE1 7EH
| | - Juan Gallo
- Advanced Magnetic Theranostic Nanostructures Lab, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga, 4715-330 Braga
| | - Manuel Bañobre-López
- Advanced Magnetic Theranostic Nanostructures Lab, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga, 4715-330 Braga
| | - Graeme J. Stasiuk
- Department of Imaging Chemistry and Biology, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, Strand, London, UK, SE1 7EH
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Bhardwaj K, Pradhan S, Basel S, Clarke M, Brito B, Thapa S, Roy P, Borthakur S, Saikia L, Shankar A, Stasiuk GJ, Pariyar A, Tamang S. Tunable NIR-II emitting silver chalcogenide quantum dots using thio/selenourea precursors: preparation of an MRI/NIR-II multimodal imaging agent. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:15425-15432. [PMID: 33140785 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt02974b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Aqueous-stable, Cd- and Pb-free colloidal quantum dots with fluorescence properties in the second near-infrared region (NIR-II, 1000-1400) are highly desirable for non-invasive deep-tissue optical imaging and biosensing. The low band-gap semiconductor, silver chalcogenide, offers a non-toxic and stable alternative to existing Pd, As, Hg and Cd-based NIR-II colloidal quantum dots (QDs). We report facile access to NIR-II emission windows with Ag2X (X = S, Se) QDs using easy-to-prepare thio/selenourea precursors and their analogues. The aqueous phase transfer of these QDs with a high conservation of fluorescence quantum yield (retention up to ∼90%) and colloidal stability is demonstrated. A bimodal NIR-II/MRI contrast agent with a tunable fluorescence and high T1 relaxivity of 408 mM-1 s-1 per QD (size ∼ 2.2 nm) and 990 mM-1 s-1 per QD (size ∼ 4.2 nm) has been prepared by grafting 50 and 120 monoaqua Gd(iii) complexes respectively to two differently sized Ag2S QDs. The size of the nanocrystals is crucial for tuning the Gd payload and the relaxivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karishma Bhardwaj
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Sikkim University, Sikkim 737102, India.
| | - Sajan Pradhan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Sikkim University, Sikkim 737102, India.
| | - Siddhant Basel
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Sikkim University, Sikkim 737102, India.
| | - Mitchell Clarke
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Beatriz Brito
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK and Department of Imaging Chemistry and Biology, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK.
| | - Surakcha Thapa
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Sikkim University, Sikkim 737102, India.
| | - Pankaj Roy
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Sikkim University, Sikkim 737102, India.
| | - Sukanya Borthakur
- Department of Material Science, North East Institute of Science and Technology (NEIST), Assam 785006, India
| | - Lakshi Saikia
- Department of Material Science, North East Institute of Science and Technology (NEIST), Assam 785006, India
| | - Amit Shankar
- Department of Physics, Kurseong College, West Bengal 734203, India
| | - Graeme J Stasiuk
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK and Department of Imaging Chemistry and Biology, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK.
| | - Anand Pariyar
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Sikkim University, Sikkim 737102, India.
| | - Sudarsan Tamang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Sikkim University, Sikkim 737102, India.
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Li H, Zeng Y, Zhang H, Gu Z, Gong Q, Luo K. Functional gadolinium-based nanoscale systems for cancer theranostics. J Control Release 2020; 329:482-512. [PMID: 32898594 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.08.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer theranostics is a new strategy for combating cancer that integrates cancer imaging and treatment through theranostic agents to provide an efficient and safe way to improve cancer prognosis. Design and synthesis of these cancer theranostic agents are crucial since these agents are required to be biocompatible, tumor-specific, imaging distinguishable and therapeutically efficacious. In this regard, several types of gadolinium (Gd)-based nanomaterials have been introduced to combine different therapeutic agents with Gd to enhance the efficacy of therapeutic agents. At the same time, the entire treatment procedure could be monitored via imaging tools due to incorporation of Gd ions, Gd chelates and Gd/other imaging probes in the theranostic agents. This review aims to overview recent advances in the Gd-based nanomaterials for cancer theranostics and perspectives for Gd nanomaterial-based cancer theranostics are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haonan Li
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yujun Zeng
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hu Zhang
- Amgen Bioprocessing Centre, Keck Graduate Institute, Claremont, CA 91711, USA
| | - Zhongwei Gu
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Kui Luo
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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4
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Perry HL, Yoon IC, Chabloz NG, Molisso S, Stasiuk GJ, Botnar RM, Wilton-Ely JDET. Metallostar Assemblies Based on Dithiocarbamates for Use as MRI Contrast Agents. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:10813-10823. [PMID: 32677827 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Two different octadentate gadolinium chelates based on DO3A and DOTAGA chelates (hydration number q = 1) have been used to prepare a series of bi-, tri-, and tetrametallic d-f mixed-metal complexes. The piperazine-based dithiocarbamate linker ensures that rotation of the gadolinium chelates is restricted, leading to enhanced relaxivity (r1) values, which increase with the overall mass and number of gadolinium units. The r1 value (at 10 MHz, 25 °C) per gadolinium unit rises from 5.0 mM-1 s-1 for the Gd-DO3A-NH2 monogadolinium chelate to 9.2 mM-1 s-1 in a trigadolinium complex with a ruthenium(III) core. Using a 1.5 T clinical scanner operating at 63.87 MHz (25 °C), an 86% increase in the relaxivity per gadolinium unit is observed for this multimetallic compound compared to clinically approved Dotarem. The gadolinium complexes based on the DOTAGA chelate also performed well at 63.87 MHz, with a relaxivity value of 9.5 mM-1 s-1 per gadolinium unit being observed for the trigadolinium d-f mixed-metal complex with a ruthenium(III) core. The versatility of dithiocarbamate coordination chemistry thus provides access to a wide range of d-f hybrids with potential for use as high-performance MRI contrast agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah L Perry
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, London W12 0BZ, U.K.,School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, U.K
| | - Il-Chul Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - Nicolas G Chabloz
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - Susannah Molisso
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - Graeme J Stasiuk
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, U.K
| | - René M Botnar
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, U.K
| | - James D E T Wilton-Ely
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, London W12 0BZ, U.K
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Chabloz NG, Perry HL, Yoon IC, Coulson AJ, White AJP, Stasiuk GJ, Botnar RM, Wilton-Ely JDET. Combined Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Photodynamic Therapy Using Polyfunctionalised Nanoparticles Bearing Robust Gadolinium Surface Units. Chemistry 2020; 26:4552-4566. [PMID: 31981387 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A robust dithiocarbamate tether allows novel gadolinium units based on DOTAGA (q=1) to be attached to the surface of gold nanoparticles (2.6-4.1 nm diameter) along with functional units offering biocompatibility, targeting and photodynamic therapy. A dramatic increase in relaxivity (r1 ) per Gd unit from 5.01 mm-1 s-1 in unbound form to 31.68 mm-1 s-1 (10 MHz, 37 °C) is observed when immobilised on the surface due to restricted rotation and enhanced rigidity of the Gd complex on the nanoparticle surface. The single-step synthetic route provides a straightforward and versatile way of preparing multifunctional gold nanoparticles, including examples with conjugated zinc-tetraphenylporphyrin photosensitizers. The lack of toxicity of these materials (MTT assays) is transformed on irradiation of HeLa cells for 30 minutes (PDT), leading to 75 % cell death. In addition to passive targeting, the inclusion of units capable of actively targeting overexpressed folate receptors illustrates the potential of these assemblies as targeted theranostic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas G Chabloz
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, White City Campus, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Hannah L Perry
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, White City Campus, London, W12 0BZ, UK.,Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Il-Chul Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, White City Campus, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Andrew J Coulson
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, White City Campus, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Andrew J P White
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, White City Campus, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Graeme J Stasiuk
- School of Life Sciences, Biomedical Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK
| | - René M Botnar
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - James D E T Wilton-Ely
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, White City Campus, London, W12 0BZ, UK.,London Centre for Nanotechnology (LCN), London, UK
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Silva F, Paulo A, Pallier A, Même S, Tóth É, Gano L, Marques F, Geraldes CF, Castro MMC, Cardoso AM, Jurado AS, López-Larrubia P, Lacerda S, Cabral Campello MP. Dual Imaging Gold Nanoplatforms for Targeted Radiotheranostics. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13030513. [PMID: 31978954 PMCID: PMC7040626 DOI: 10.3390/ma13030513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are interesting for the design of new cancer theranostic tools, mainly due to their biocompatibility, easy molecular vectorization, and good biological half-life. Herein, we report a gold nanoparticle platform as a bimodal imaging probe, capable of coordinating Gd3+ for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and 67Ga3+ for Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) imaging. Our AuNPs carry a bombesin analogue with affinity towards the gastrin releasing peptide receptor (GRPr), overexpressed in a variety of human cancer cells, namely PC3 prostate cancer cells. The potential of these multimodal imaging nanoconstructs was thoroughly investigated by the assessment of their magnetic properties, in vitro cellular uptake, biodistribution, and radiosensitisation assays. The relaxometric properties predict a potential T1- and T2- MRI application. The promising in vitro cellular uptake of 67Ga/Gd-based bombesin containing particles was confirmed through biodistribution studies in tumor bearing mice, indicating their integrity and ability to target the GRPr. Radiosensitization studies revealed the therapeutic potential of the nanoparticles. Moreover, the DOTA chelating unit moiety versatility gives a high theranostic potential through the coordination of other therapeutically interesting radiometals. Altogether, our nanoparticles are interesting nanomaterial for theranostic application and as bimodal T1- and T2- MRI / SPECT imaging probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Silva
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Campus Tecnológico e Nuclear, Estrada Nacional 10, Km 139.7, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal; (F.S.); (A.P.); (L.G.); (F.M.)
- Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Nucleares (DECN), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - António Paulo
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Campus Tecnológico e Nuclear, Estrada Nacional 10, Km 139.7, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal; (F.S.); (A.P.); (L.G.); (F.M.)
- Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Nucleares (DECN), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - Agnès Pallier
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS, UPR 4301, Université d’Orléans, Rue Charles Sadron, 45071 Orléans CEDEX 2, France; (A.P.); (S.M.)
| | - Sandra Même
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS, UPR 4301, Université d’Orléans, Rue Charles Sadron, 45071 Orléans CEDEX 2, France; (A.P.); (S.M.)
| | - Éva Tóth
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS, UPR 4301, Université d’Orléans, Rue Charles Sadron, 45071 Orléans CEDEX 2, France; (A.P.); (S.M.)
| | - Lurdes Gano
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Campus Tecnológico e Nuclear, Estrada Nacional 10, Km 139.7, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal; (F.S.); (A.P.); (L.G.); (F.M.)
- Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Nucleares (DECN), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Marques
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Campus Tecnológico e Nuclear, Estrada Nacional 10, Km 139.7, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal; (F.S.); (A.P.); (L.G.); (F.M.)
- Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Nucleares (DECN), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - Carlos F.G.C. Geraldes
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-393 Coimbra, Portugal (A.S.J.)
- Coimbra Chemistry Center, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
- CIBIT/ICNAS Instituto de Ciências Nucleares Aplicadas à Saúde. Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - M. Margarida C.A. Castro
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-393 Coimbra, Portugal (A.S.J.)
- Coimbra Chemistry Center, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana M. Cardoso
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research of the University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Amália S. Jurado
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-393 Coimbra, Portugal (A.S.J.)
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Pilar López-Larrubia
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” CSIC/UAM, c/ Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Sara Lacerda
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS, UPR 4301, Université d’Orléans, Rue Charles Sadron, 45071 Orléans CEDEX 2, France; (A.P.); (S.M.)
- Correspondence: (M.P.C.C.); (S.L.)
| | - Maria Paula Cabral Campello
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Campus Tecnológico e Nuclear, Estrada Nacional 10, Km 139.7, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal; (F.S.); (A.P.); (L.G.); (F.M.)
- Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Nucleares (DECN), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
- Correspondence: (M.P.C.C.); (S.L.)
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Perry HL, Botnar RM, Wilton-Ely JDET. Gold nanomaterials functionalised with gadolinium chelates and their application in multimodal imaging and therapy. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:4037-4046. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc00196a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
An overview of recent progress in the design of gadolinium-functionalised gold nanoparticles for use in MRI, multimodal imaging and theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah L. Perry
- Molecular Sciences Research Hub
- Department of Chemistry
- White City Campus
- Imperial College London
- London
| | - René M. Botnar
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences
- King's College London
- London
- UK
| | - James D. E. T. Wilton-Ely
- Molecular Sciences Research Hub
- Department of Chemistry
- White City Campus
- Imperial College London
- London
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Gao A, Teng Y, Seyiti P, Yen Y, Qian H, Xie C, Li R, Lin Z. Using Omniscan-Loaded Nanoparticles as a Tumor-Targeted MRI Contrast Agent in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Gelatinase-Stimuli Strategy. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2019; 14:395. [PMID: 31889247 PMCID: PMC6937353 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-019-3214-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the tumor-targeted MRI contrast agent was prepared with gelatinase-stimuli nanoparticles (NPs) and Omniscan (Omn) by double emulsion method. The size, distribution, morphology, stability, drug loading, and encapsulation efficiency of Omn-NPs were characterized. The macroscopic and microscopic morphological changes of NPs in response to gelatinases (collagenases IV) were observed. The MR imaging using Omn-NPs as a contrast agent was evaluated in the oral squamous cell carcinoma models with Omn as a control. We found clear evidence that the Omn-NPs were transformed by gelatinases and the signal of T1-weighted MRI sequence showed that the tumor-to-background ratio was significantly higher in Omn-NPs than in Omn. The peak point of time after injection was much later for Omn-NPs than Omn. This study demonstrates that Omn-NPs hold great promise as MRI contrast agent with improved specificity and prolonged circulation time based on a relatively simple and universal strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antian Gao
- Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 30 Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, No 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Yuehui Teng
- Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 30 Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Pakezhati Seyiti
- Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 30 Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, No 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Yingtzu Yen
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Drum-Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University & Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Hanqing Qian
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Drum-Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University & Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Chen Xie
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Rutian Li
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Drum-Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University & Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210093, China.
| | - Zitong Lin
- Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 30 Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, 210008, China.
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