1
|
Shibu A, Jones S, Tolley PL, Diaz D, Kwiatkowski CO, Jones DS, Shivas JM, Foley JJ, Schmedake TA, Walter MG. Correlating structure and photophysical properties in thiazolo[5,4- d]thiazole crystal derivatives for use in solid-state photonic and fluorescence-based optical devices. MATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 4:6321-6332. [PMID: 38021465 PMCID: PMC10680346 DOI: 10.1039/d3ma00686g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing demand for new fluorescent small molecule dyes for solid state applications in the photonics and optoelectronics industry. Thiazolo[5,4-d]thiazole (TTz) is an organic heterocycle moiety which has previously shown remarkable properties as a conjugated polymer and in solution-based studies. For TTz-based small molecules to be incorporated in solid-state fluorescence-based optical devices, a thorough elucidation of their structure-photophysical properties needs to be established. Herein, we have studied four TTz-based materials functionalized with alkyl appendages of varying carbon chain lengths. We report the single crystal structures of the TTz derivatives, three of which were previously unknown. The packing modes of the crystals reveal that molecular arrangements are largely governed by a chorus of synergistic intermolecular non-covalent interactions. Three crystals packed in herringbone mode and one crystal packed in slipped stacks proving that alkyl appendages modulate structural organization in TTz-based materials. Steady state and time-resolved photophysical properties of these crystals were studied via diffuse-reflectance, micro-Raman, and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The crystals fluoresce from orange-red to blue spanning through the whole gamut of the visible spectrum. We have established that photophysical properties are a function of crystal packing in symmetrically substituted TTz-based materials. This correlation was then utilized to fabricate crystalline blends. We demonstrate, for the first time, that symmetrically substituted donor-acceptor-donor TTz-based materials can be used for phosphor-converted color-tuning and white-light emission. Given the cost effectiveness, ease of synthesis and now a structure-photophysics correlation, we present a compelling case for the adoption of TTz-based materials in solid-state photonic and fluorescence-based optical devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Shibu
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte Charlotte North Carolina 28223 USA
| | - Sean Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte Charlotte North Carolina 28223 USA
| | - P Lane Tolley
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte Charlotte North Carolina 28223 USA
| | - David Diaz
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte Charlotte North Carolina 28223 USA
| | - Carly O Kwiatkowski
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte Charlotte North Carolina 28223 USA
| | - Daniel S Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte Charlotte North Carolina 28223 USA
| | - Jessica M Shivas
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte Charlotte North Carolina 28223 USA
| | - Jonathan J Foley
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte Charlotte North Carolina 28223 USA
| | - Thomas A Schmedake
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte Charlotte North Carolina 28223 USA
| | - Michael G Walter
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte Charlotte North Carolina 28223 USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Piekuś-Słomka N, Małecka M, Wierzchowski M, Kupcewicz B. Systematic Study of Solid-State Fluorescence and Molecular Packing of Methoxy- trans-Stilbene Derivatives, Exploration of Weak Intermolecular Interactions Based on Hirshfeld Surface Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087200. [PMID: 37108369 PMCID: PMC10139126 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, fluorescent compounds that emit efficiently in the solid state have become particularly interesting, especially those that are easily prepared and inexpensive. Hence, exploring the photophysical properties of stilbene derivatives, supported by a detailed analysis of molecular packing obtained from single-crystal X-ray diffraction data, is a relevant area of research. A complete understanding of the interactions to determine the molecular packing in the crystal lattice and their effect on the material's physicochemical properties is essential to tune various properties effectively. In the present study, we examined a series of methoxy-trans-stilbene analogs with substitution pattern-dependent fluorescence lifetimes between 0.82 and 3.46 ns and a moderate-to-high fluorescence quantum yield of 0.07-0.69. The relationships between the solid-state fluorescence properties and the structure of studied compounds based on X-ray analysis were investigated. As a result, the QSPR model was developed using PLSR (Partial Least Squares Regression). Decomposition of the Hirshfeld surfaces (calculated based on the arrangement of molecules in the crystal lattice) revealed the various types of weak intermolecular interactions that occurred in the crystal lattice. The obtained data, in combination with global reactivity descriptors calculated using HOMO and LUMO energy values, were used as explanatory variables. The developed model was characterized by good validation metrics (RMSECAL = 0.017, RMSECV = 0.029, R2CAL = 0.989, and R2CV = 0.968) and indicated that the solid-state fluorescence quantum yield of methoxy-trans-stilbene derivatives was mainly dependent on weak intermolecular C…C contacts corresponding to π-π stacking and C…O/O…C interactions. To a lesser extent and inversely proportional, the fluorescence quantum yield was affected by the interactions of the type O…H/H…O and H…H and the electrophilicity of the molecule.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Piekuś-Słomka
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Jurasza 2, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Magdalena Małecka
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Łódź, Pomorska 163/165, 90-236 Łódź, Poland
| | - Marcin Wierzchowski
- Department of Chemical Technology of Drugs, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Fredry 10, 61-701 Poznań, Poland
| | - Bogumiła Kupcewicz
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Jurasza 2, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhao Y, Yu Y, Zhao X, Zhao Y, Guo Z, Zhang H, Yao R, Ji X, Wang D. Photoelectric and Self-Assembly Properties of Tetrasubstituted Pyrene Discotic Derivatives. Molecules 2022; 27:7559. [PMID: 36364386 PMCID: PMC9657789 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the self-assembly behavior of π-conjugated ethynyl-pyrene discotic derivatives, a series of ethynyl-pyrene discotic materials were designed and synthesized by Sonogashira coupling reaction. The π-conjugated structures were characterized by 1H-NMR, IR spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. The optical properties of the discotic materials were examined by UV/Vis spectra and fluorescence emission spectra. The band gap of each compound was calculated by cyclic voltammetry with UV/Vis spectroscopy. Interestingly, the substituted groups in the four symmetrical positions did affect the self-assembly properties of as-resulted nano/micro structures. Under the same conditions, compounds 4a-4d could be self-assembled into different morphologies such as micro-tubes (for 4a), micro-wires (for 4b and 4c), and micro-grain crystals (for 4d). All of the results indicated that the discotic materials have the potential for optoelectronic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhen Zhao
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Advanced Photo-Electronics Materials and Energy Conversion Device, School of Electronic Informat, Xijing University, Xi’an 710123, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Materials Physics and Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiangrong Zhao
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Advanced Photo-Electronics Materials and Energy Conversion Device, School of Electronic Informat, Xijing University, Xi’an 710123, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Advanced Photo-Electronics Materials and Energy Conversion Device, School of Electronic Informat, Xijing University, Xi’an 710123, China
| | - Zhun Guo
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Advanced Photo-Electronics Materials and Energy Conversion Device, School of Electronic Informat, Xijing University, Xi’an 710123, China
| | - Huimin Zhang
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Advanced Photo-Electronics Materials and Energy Conversion Device, School of Electronic Informat, Xijing University, Xi’an 710123, China
| | - Ruijuan Yao
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Advanced Photo-Electronics Materials and Energy Conversion Device, School of Electronic Informat, Xijing University, Xi’an 710123, China
| | - Xinyu Ji
- Department of Materials Physics and Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Materials Physics and Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Morenz Korol KJ, Kumayon IM, Kahan TF, Donaldson DJ. Chemical Morphology Controls Reactivity of OH Radicals at the Air-Ice Interface. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:8925-8932. [PMID: 34597045 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c06434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
At the air-ice interface, some aromatic compounds such as benzene and anthracene are surprisingly unreactive toward OH. This may be a consequence of the poor solvation of these compounds at the interface, resulting in clustering there. We test this hypothesis by comparing the reaction of OH with pyrene, a 4-ring polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), to reactions of OH with the more water-soluble compounds coumarin and 7-hydroxycoumarin (7OHC). We observe that OH reacts readily with coumarin and 7OHC at both liquid and frozen air-water interfaces. Pyrene, a much less soluble compound, reacts with OH at the liquid surface but not at the air-ice interface. We report evidence of pyrene aggregation at the ice surface based on its broadened and red-shifted emission spectrum alongside fluorescence mapping of anthracene, a closely related 3-ring PAH, which shows bunching at the ice surface. By contrast, fluorescence mapping shows that coumarin is fairly homogeneously distributed at the air-ice interface. Together, these results suggest that the limited reactivity of some compounds toward OH at the ice surface may be a consequence of their propensity to self-aggregate, demonstrating that chemical morphology can play an important role in reactions at the ice surface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen J Morenz Korol
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A4
| | - Iyanu M Kumayon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 5C9
| | - Tara F Kahan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 5C9
| | - D James Donaldson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A4.,Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto, Scarborough, Canada M1C 1A4
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hirai Y, Laize-Générat L, Wrona-Piotrowicz A, Zakrzewski J, Makal A, Brosseau A, Michely L, Versace DL, Allain C, Métivier R. Multi-Directional Mechanofluorochromism of Acetyl Pyrenes and Pyrenyl Ynones. Chemphyschem 2021; 22:1638-1644. [PMID: 33971071 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A series of acetyl pyrenes and pyrenyl ynones with and without tert-butyl groups showed distinct mechanofluorochromism (MFC). Four pairs of polymorphic solids were found out of six compounds and interestingly, each of them showed hypsochromic, bathochromic or off-to-on MFC. The MFC properties were rationalized by categorizing the packing schemes into herringbone, sandwich, beta and gamma motifs depending on the relative contributions of C⋅⋅⋅C (or π-π) against C⋅⋅⋅H contacts. The bulky tert-butyl and trimethylsilyl groups served not only to reduce the number of aggregation patterns but also to prohibit the complete back reactions in solid state. Our results suggest that the simple pyrene derivatives may be promising candidates for a novel group of mechanically-sensitive materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Hirai
- PPSM, CNRS, ENS Paris-Saclay, 4 Avenue des Sciences, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Lucie Laize-Générat
- PPSM, CNRS, ENS Paris-Saclay, 4 Avenue des Sciences, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Anna Wrona-Piotrowicz
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Łódź, Tamka 12, 91-403, Łódź, Poland
| | - Janusz Zakrzewski
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Łódź, Tamka 12, 91-403, Łódź, Poland
| | - Anna Makal
- Biological and Chemical Research Center, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Arnaud Brosseau
- PPSM, CNRS, ENS Paris-Saclay, 4 Avenue des Sciences, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Laurent Michely
- Institut de Chimie et des Matériaux Paris-Est, CNRS, 94320, Thiais, France
| | - Davy-Louis Versace
- Institut de Chimie et des Matériaux Paris-Est, CNRS, 94320, Thiais, France
| | - Clémence Allain
- PPSM, CNRS, ENS Paris-Saclay, 4 Avenue des Sciences, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Rémi Métivier
- PPSM, CNRS, ENS Paris-Saclay, 4 Avenue des Sciences, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Boonnab S, Chaiwai C, Nalaoh P, Manyum T, Namuangruk S, Chitpakdee C, Sudyoadsuk T, Promarak V. Synthesis, Characterization, and Physical Properties of Pyrene‐Naphthalimide Derivatives as Emissive Materials for Electroluminescent Devices. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sumita Boonnab
- School of Chemistry Institute of Science Suranaree University of Technology Muang District Nakhon Ratchasima 30000 Thailand
| | - Chaiyon Chaiwai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering School of Molecular Science and Engineering Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology Wangchan Rayong 21210 Thailand
| | - Phattananawee Nalaoh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering School of Molecular Science and Engineering Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology Wangchan Rayong 21210 Thailand
| | - Thanaporn Manyum
- School of Chemistry Institute of Science Suranaree University of Technology Muang District Nakhon Ratchasima 30000 Thailand
| | - Supawadee Namuangruk
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC) National Science and Technology Development Agency Klong Luang Pathum Thani 12120 Thailand
| | - Chirawat Chitpakdee
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC) National Science and Technology Development Agency Klong Luang Pathum Thani 12120 Thailand
| | - Taweesak Sudyoadsuk
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering School of Molecular Science and Engineering Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology Wangchan Rayong 21210 Thailand
| | - Vinich Promarak
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering School of Molecular Science and Engineering Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology Wangchan Rayong 21210 Thailand
- Research Network of NANOTEC-VISTEC on Nanotechnology for Energy Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology Wangchan Rayong 21210 Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bhuin S, Bhattacharya S, Chakravarty M. Acceptor–donor–acceptor-linked triphenylamine and phenothiazine motifs as cousin molecules: the methyl effect on stimuli-responsiveness, crystallochromism, and dual-state emission. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj04190h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Bulky/twisted triphenylamine or phenothiazine linked dicyanoaniline is synthesized to achieve dual-state emitters with crystallochromic and multi-stimuli responsive behaviour. The effect of methyl group on emission is also identified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shouvik Bhuin
- Department of Chemistry, BITS-Pilani Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Shameerpet, Hyderabad 500078, Telangana, India
| | | | - Manab Chakravarty
- Department of Chemistry, BITS-Pilani Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Shameerpet, Hyderabad 500078, Telangana, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Iwasaki T, Murakami S, Takeda Y, Tohnai N, Kambe N. Effect of Alkyl Groups in Pyrene Chromophore on the Mechanical Response of Pyrene-Octafluoronaphthalene Co-Crystals. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:1349-1354. [PMID: 32103620 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202000138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Changes in the photophysical properties of pyrene (Py)-octafluoronaphthalene (OFN) co-crystals (Py⋅OFN) upon mechanical stimuli are described herein. The Py⋅OFN co-crystal showed a mechano-induced bathochromic shift in emission, and a similar tendency was observed for the 1,3,6,8-tetramethylpyrene-OFN co-crystal. These shifts are due to disruption of the microscopic molecular orientation in the co-crystal, which allows for excimer formation. In sharp contrast to the parent Py⋅OFN and methyl-substituted Py-OFN co-crystals, no mechano-induced bathochromic shift was observed when longer alkyl chains were introduced to the 1-, 3-, 6-, and 8-positions of the Py chromophore. This photophysical opposability against mechanical stimuli could be explained by the orthogonally oriented alkyl groups on the Py ring, which existed between two Py cores like pillars. This fixed OFN to maintain the face-to-face alternatively stacked structure of the co-crystal and thus prevented the formation of the Py excimer. The pillar effect demonstrated herein provides a rational design for co-crystalline systems that are photophysically stable against mechanical stresses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Iwasaki
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Shin Murakami
- Department of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Youhei Takeda
- Department of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Norimitsu Tohnai
- Department of Material and Life Science Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita,
| | - Nobuaki Kambe
- Department of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| |
Collapse
|