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Bacaicoa S, Stenkvist S, Sundén H. Redox Active N-Heterocyclic Carbenes in Oxidative NHC Catalysis. Org Lett 2024; 26:3114-3118. [PMID: 38551486 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
An N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) covalently linked to a quinone introduces a novel avenue for internal oxidations within oxidative NHC catalysis. The deployment of this hybrid NHC class promotes intramolecular electronic flow in the oxidation of the Breslow intermediate to acyl azolium. The use of the redox active NHC as a catalyst is facilitated by employing aerobic regeneration, yielding carboxylic esters with efficiencies of ≤99%, while generating water as the sole byproduct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Bacaicoa
- University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 19, 413 90 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Simon Stenkvist
- University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 19, 413 90 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Henrik Sundén
- University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 19, 413 90 Gothenburg, Sweden
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2
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Post C, Maniar D, Voet VSD, Folkersma R, Loos K. Biobased 2,5-Bis(hydroxymethyl)furan as a Versatile Building Block for Sustainable Polymeric Materials. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:8991-9003. [PMID: 36936293 PMCID: PMC10018510 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c07629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Furanic polymers, currently mainly represented by polyethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate (PEF), also known as polyethylene furanoate, have a fantastic potential to replace fossil-based polymers: for example, polyethylene terephthalate (PET). While 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA), a precursor of PEF, and its derived polymers have been studied extensively, 2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)furan (BHMF) has received relatively little attention so far. Similarly to FDCA, BHMF is a biobased platform chemical derived from renewable sources such as sugars. This review highlights different polymerization techniques for BHMF-based polyesters and addresses BHMF's relative instability during the synthesis of BHMF-derived polymers, including polycarbonates and polyurethanes. Furthermore, the degradability of furanic polyesters is discussed and BHMF's toxicity is briefly elaborated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelis Post
- Macromolecular
Chemistry & New Polymeric Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747
AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Circular
Plastics, NHL Stenden University of Applied
Sciences, Van Schaikweg 94, 7811 KL Emmen, The Netherlands
| | - Dina Maniar
- Macromolecular
Chemistry & New Polymeric Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747
AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent S. D. Voet
- Circular
Plastics, NHL Stenden University of Applied
Sciences, Van Schaikweg 94, 7811 KL Emmen, The Netherlands
| | - Rudy Folkersma
- Circular
Plastics, NHL Stenden University of Applied
Sciences, Van Schaikweg 94, 7811 KL Emmen, The Netherlands
| | - Katja Loos
- Macromolecular
Chemistry & New Polymeric Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747
AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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3
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Karlinskii BY, Ananikov VP. Recent advances in the development of green furan ring-containing polymeric materials based on renewable plant biomass. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:836-862. [PMID: 36562482 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00773h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Fossil resources are rapidly depleting, forcing researchers in various fields of chemistry and materials science to switch to the use of renewable sources and the development of corresponding technologies. In this regard, the field of sustainable materials science is experiencing an extraordinary surge of interest in recent times due to the significant advances made in the development of new polymers with desired and controllable properties. This review summarizes important scientific reports in recent times dedicated to the synthesis, construction and computational studies of novel sustainable polymeric materials containing unchanged (pseudo)aromatic furan cores in their structure. Linear polymers for thermoplastics, branched polymers for thermosets and other crosslinked materials are emerging materials to highlight. Various polymer blends and composites based on sustainable polyfurans are also considered as pathways to achieve high-value-added products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan Ya Karlinskii
- Tula State University, Lenin pr. 92, Tula, 300012, Russia.,Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| | - Valentine P Ananikov
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
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4
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De Risi C, Brandolese A, Di Carmine G, Ragno D, Massi A, Bortolini O. Oxidative N-Heterocyclic Carbene Catalysis. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202202467. [PMID: 36205918 PMCID: PMC10099058 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
N-Heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalysis is a by now consolidated organocatalytic platform for a number of synthetic (asymmetric) transformations via diverse reaction modes/intermediates. In addition to the typical umpolung processes involving acyl anion/homoenolate equivalent species, implementation of protocols under oxidative conditions greatly expands the possibilities of this methodology. Oxidative NHC-catalysis allows for oxidative and oxygenative transformations through specific manipulations of Breslow-type species depending upon the oxidant used (external oxidant or O2 /air), the derived NHC-bound intermediates paving the way to non-umpolung processes through activation of carbon atoms and heteroatoms. This review is intended to update the state of the art in oxidative NHC-catalyzed reactions that appeared in the literature from 2014 to present, with a strong focus to crucial intermediates and their mechanistic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmela De Risi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Farmaceutiche ed Agrarie, Università di Ferrara, Via L. Borsari, 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Arianna Brandolese
- Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Ambiente e della Prevenzione, Università di Ferrara, Via L. Borsari, 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Graziano Di Carmine
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Farmaceutiche ed Agrarie, Università di Ferrara, Via L. Borsari, 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Daniele Ragno
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Farmaceutiche ed Agrarie, Università di Ferrara, Via L. Borsari, 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandro Massi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Farmaceutiche ed Agrarie, Università di Ferrara, Via L. Borsari, 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Olga Bortolini
- Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Ambiente e della Prevenzione, Università di Ferrara, Via L. Borsari, 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
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5
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Bacaicoa S, Goossens E, Sundén H. Aerobic Oxidative N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Catalyzed Formal [3+3] Cyclization for the Synthesis of Tetrasubstituted Benzene Derivatives. Org Lett 2022; 24:9146-9150. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Bacaicoa
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Kemivägen 10, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Ellymay Goossens
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Kemivägen 10, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Henrik Sundén
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Kemivägen 10, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
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Ragno D, De Risi C, Massi A, Di Carmine G, Toldo S, Leonardi C, Bortolini O. Regiodivergent Synthesis of Benzothiazole‐based Isosorbide Imidates by Oxidative N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Catalysis. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Ragno
- University of Ferrara: Universita degli Studi di Ferrara Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences ITALY
| | - Carmela De Risi
- University of Ferrara: Universita degli Studi di Ferrara Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences ITALY
| | - Alessandro Massi
- University of Ferrara: Universita degli Studi di Ferrara DepartmentEnvironmental and Prevention Sciences ITALY
| | - Graziano Di Carmine
- University of Ferrara: Universita degli Studi di Ferrara Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences ITALY
| | - Sofia Toldo
- University of Ferrara: Universita degli Studi di Ferrara Environmental and Prevention Sciences ITALY
| | - Costanza Leonardi
- University of Ferrara: Universita degli Studi di Ferrara Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences ITALY
| | - Olga Bortolini
- Universita of Ferrara DepartmentEnvironmental and Prevention Sciences Via Borsari 46 44121 Ferrara ITALY
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7
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Ragno D, Di Carmine G, Vannini M, Bortolini O, Perrone D, Buoso S, Bertoldo M, Massi A. Organocatalytic Synthesis of Poly(hydroxymethylfuroate) via Ring-Opening Polymerization of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural-Based Cyclic Oligoesters. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01687c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of hydroxymethylfuroate macrocyclic oligoesters c(HMF)n promoted by an N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) organocatalyst is herein presented together with the subsequent organocatalytic, entropically-driven ring-opening polymerization (ED-ROP) leading to the fully...
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8
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Harnying W, Sudkaow P, Biswas A, Berkessel A. N-Heterocyclic Carbene/Carboxylic Acid Co-Catalysis Enables Oxidative Esterification of Demanding Aldehydes/Enals, at Low Catalyst Loading. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:19631-19636. [PMID: 34010504 PMCID: PMC8457137 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202104712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We report the discovery that simple carboxylic acids, such as benzoic acid, boost the activity of N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalysts in the oxidative esterification of aldehydes. A simple and efficient protocol for the transformation of a wide range of sterically hindered α- and β-substituted aliphatic aldehydes/enals, catalyzed by a novel and readily accessible N-Mes-/N-2,4,6-trichlorophenyl 1,2,4-triazolium salt, and benzoic acid as co-catalyst, was developed. A whole series of α/β-substituted aliphatic aldehydes/enals hitherto not amenable to NHC-catalyzed esterification could be reacted at typical catalyst loadings of 0.02-1.0 mol %. For benzaldehyde, even 0.005 mol % of NHC catalyst proved sufficient: the lowest value ever achieved in NHC catalysis. Preliminary studies point to carboxylic acid-induced acceleration of acyl transfer from azolium enolate intermediates as the mechanistic basis of the observed effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wacharee Harnying
- Department of Chemistry (Organic Chemistry), University of Cologne, Greinstraße 4, 50939, Cologne, Germany
| | - Panyapon Sudkaow
- Department of Chemistry (Organic Chemistry), University of Cologne, Greinstraße 4, 50939, Cologne, Germany
| | - Animesh Biswas
- Department of Chemistry (Organic Chemistry), University of Cologne, Greinstraße 4, 50939, Cologne, Germany
| | - Albrecht Berkessel
- Department of Chemistry (Organic Chemistry), University of Cologne, Greinstraße 4, 50939, Cologne, Germany
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9
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Harnying W, Sudkaow P, Biswas A, Berkessel A. N‐Heterocyclic Carbene/Carboxylic Acid Co‐Catalysis Enables Oxidative Esterification of Demanding Aldehydes/Enals, at Low Catalyst Loading. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202104712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wacharee Harnying
- Department of Chemistry (Organic Chemistry) University of Cologne Greinstraße 4 50939 Cologne Germany
| | - Panyapon Sudkaow
- Department of Chemistry (Organic Chemistry) University of Cologne Greinstraße 4 50939 Cologne Germany
| | - Animesh Biswas
- Department of Chemistry (Organic Chemistry) University of Cologne Greinstraße 4 50939 Cologne Germany
| | - Albrecht Berkessel
- Department of Chemistry (Organic Chemistry) University of Cologne Greinstraße 4 50939 Cologne Germany
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10
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Ragno D, Brandolese A, Di Carmine G, Buoso S, Belletti G, Leonardi C, Bortolini O, Bertoldo M, Massi A. Exploring Oxidative NHC-Catalysis as Organocatalytic Polymerization Strategy towards Polyamide Oligomers. Chemistry 2021; 27:1839-1848. [PMID: 32986909 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The polycondensation of diamines and dialdehydes promoted by an N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalyst in the presence of a quinone oxidant and hexafluoro-2-propanol (HFIP) is herein presented for the synthesis of oligomeric polyamides (PAs), which are obtained with a number-average molecular weight (Mn ) in the range of 1.7-3.6 kg mol-1 as determined by NMR analysis. In particular, the utilization of furanic dialdehyde monomers (2,5-diformylfuran, DFF; 5,5'-[oxybis(methylene)]bis[2-furaldehyde], OBFA) to access known and previously unreported biobased PAs is illustrated. The synthesis of higher molecular weight PAs (poly(decamethylene terephthalamide, PA10T, Mn = 62.8 kg mol-1 ; poly(decamethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylamide, PA10F, Mn = 6.5 kg mol-1 ) by a two-step polycondensation approach is also described. The thermal properties (TGA and DSC analyses) of the synthesized PAs are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Ragno
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari, 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Arianna Brandolese
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari, 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Graziano Di Carmine
- School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, The University of Manchester, The Mill, Sackville Street, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Sara Buoso
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via P. Gobetti, 101-40129, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giada Belletti
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari, 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Costanza Leonardi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari, 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Olga Bortolini
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari, 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Monica Bertoldo
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari, 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandro Massi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari, 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
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11
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Di Carmine G, Ragno D, Massi A, D'Agostino C. Oxidative Coupling of Aldehydes with Alcohol for the Synthesis of Esters Promoted by Polystyrene-Supported N-Heterocyclic Carbene: Unraveling the Solvent Effect on the Catalyst Behavior Using NMR Relaxation. Org Lett 2020; 22:4927-4931. [PMID: 32383888 PMCID: PMC7341527 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Heterogeneous organocatalysts hold great potential as they offer practical advantages in terms of purification and reusability compared with the homogeneous counterpart. A puzzling aspect is the solvent effect on their catalytic performance. Here we propose a new approach whereby T1/T2 NMR relaxation measurements are used to evaluate the strength of solvent-surface interactions in the polystyrene-supported N-heterocyclic carbene-promoted oxidation of aldehydes. The results reveal that solvents with high surface affinity lead to a decrease in catalyst activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziano Di Carmine
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, The University of Manchester, The Mill, Sackville Street, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Daniele Ragno
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari, 46, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandro Massi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari, 46, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Carmine D'Agostino
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, The University of Manchester, The Mill, Sackville Street, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K
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12
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Brandolese A, Ragno D, Leonardi C, Di Carmine G, Bortolini O, De Risi C, Massi A. Enantioselective N
-Acylation of Biginelli Dihydropyrimidines by Oxidative NHC Catalysis. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Brandolese
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Ferrara; Via L. Borsari, 46 44121 Ferrara Italy
| | - Daniele Ragno
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Ferrara; Via L. Borsari, 46 44121 Ferrara Italy
| | - Costanza Leonardi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Ferrara; Via L. Borsari, 46 44121 Ferrara Italy
| | - Graziano Di Carmine
- School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science; The University of Manchester; M13 9PL Manchester UK
| | - Olga Bortolini
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Ferrara; Via L. Borsari, 46 44121 Ferrara Italy
| | - Carmela De Risi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Ferrara; Via L. Borsari, 46 44121 Ferrara Italy
| | - Alessandro Massi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Ferrara; Via L. Borsari, 46 44121 Ferrara Italy
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