1
|
Poletti L, Massi A, Ragno D, Droghetti F, Natali M, De Risi C, Bortolini O, Di Carmine G. Modulable Photocatalyzed Strategies for the Synthesis of α- C-Glycosyl Alanine Analogues via the Giese Reaction with Dehydroalanine Derivates. Org Lett 2023. [PMID: 37348204 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c01660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we present the α-selective Giese reaction between pyranosyl/furanosyl bromides and dehydroalanine analogues, which provides access to a library of highly valuable α-C-glycosyl alanines. The key C-glycosyl radical is generated through photocatalysis by either the new generation copper(I) complex [(DPEPhos)(bcp)Cu]PF6 or [Ru(bpy)3](BF4)2. The reactions proceed smoothly, affording the desired α-C-glycosyl alanines in up to 99% yield when diethyl 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-3,5-pyridinedicarboxylate [Hantzsch ester (HE)] is used as an additive. N,N-Diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA) has been selected as a reductant in both protocols. A mechanistic study by means of transient absorption spectroscopy unveils a halogen-atom transfer (XAT) process in C-glycosyl radical formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Poletti
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari, 46, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandro Massi
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari, 46, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Daniele Ragno
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari, 46, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Federico Droghetti
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari, 46, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mirco Natali
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari, 46, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Carmela De Risi
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari, 46, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Olga Bortolini
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari, 46, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Graziano Di Carmine
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari, 46, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bottin M, Di Carmine G, Bortolini O, De Risi C, Bertoldo M, Cataldi TRI, Calvano CD, Massi A, Ragno D. Oxidative NHC Catalysis: An Unconventional Tool for Macrocyclic Oligoesters Synthesis. Chemistry 2023:e202301416. [PMID: 37249246 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The application of N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalysis under highly diluted oxidative condition to the polycondensation of dialdehydes and diols is herein presented as an alternative, atomeconomical synthetic route to macrocyclic oligoesters (MCOs). The disclosed protocol paves the way to the straightforward access to MCOs, starting from commercial dialdehydes, avoiding the use of toxic diacyl chlorides, commonly employed in traditional MCOs synthetic processes. The method is totally metal-free, takes place in the green Me-THF solvent and requires the use of a fully recyclable quinone oxidant. The protocol versatility is confirmed by the employment of fossil-based and bio-based monomers such as 2,5diformylfuran (DFF), 2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)furan (BHMF), and isomannide, synthesizing a series of novel and known synthetically relevant macrocyclic oligoesters, fully characterized by NMR and MALDI-TOF MS analysis, with product yields (51-86%) comparable to those obtained by traditional synthetic routes. Finally, to emphasize the synthetic relevance of the target macrocycles, an entropicallydriven ring opening polymerization (ED-ROP) key study has been performed, optimizing the organocatalyzed synthesis of poly(2,5furan-dimethylene 2,5 furandicarboxylate) (PBHMF) with numberaverage molecular weight up to 8200 g mol-1 and 66% isolated yield.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Bottin
- University of Ferrara, Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, ITALY
| | - Graziano Di Carmine
- University of Ferrara, Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, ITALY
| | - Olga Bortolini
- University of Ferrara, Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, ITALY
| | - Carmela De Risi
- University of Ferrara, Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, ITALY
| | - Monica Bertoldo
- University of Ferrara, Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, ITALY
| | - Tommaso R I Cataldi
- University of Bari, Department of Chemistry, Interdepartmental Center SMART, ITALY
| | - Cosima D Calvano
- University of Bari, Department of Chemistry, Interdepartmental Center SMART, ITALY
| | - Alessandro Massi
- University of Ferrara, Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, ITALY
| | - Daniele Ragno
- Universita degli Studi di Ferrara, Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, ITALY
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Di Carmine G, Leonardi C, Forster L, Hu M, Lee D, Parlett CMA, Bortolini O, Isaacs MA, Massi A, D'Agostino C. Humin Formation on SBA-15-pr-SO 3H Catalysts during the Alcoholysis of Furfuryl Alcohol to Ethyl Levulinate: Effect of Pore Size on Catalyst Stability, Transport, and Adsorption. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:24528-24540. [PMID: 37186876 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c04613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Herein, the alcoholysis of furfuryl alcohol in a series of SBA-15-pr-SO3H catalysts with different pore sizes is reported. Elemental analysis and NMR relaxation/diffusion methods show that changes in pore size have a significant effect on catalyst activity and durability. In particular, the decrease in catalyst activity after catalyst reuse is mainly due to carbonaceous deposition, whereas leaching of sulfonic acid groups is not significant. This effect is more pronounced in the largest-pore-size catalyst C3, which rapidly deactivates after one reaction cycle, whereas catalysts with a relatively medium and small average pore size (named, respectively, C2 and C1) deactivate after two reaction cycles and to a lesser extent. CHNS elemental analysis showed that C1 and C3 experience a similar amount of carbonaceous deposition, suggesting that the increased reusability of the small-pore-size catalyst can be attributed to the presence of SO3H groups mostly present on the external surface, as corroborated by results on pore clogging obtained by NMR relaxation measurements. The increased reusability of the C2 catalyst is attributed to a lower amount of humin being formed and, at the same time, reduced pore clogging, which helps to maintain accessible the internal pore space.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Graziano Di Carmine
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Costanza Leonardi
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Luke Forster
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Min Hu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Daniel Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Christopher M A Parlett
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, Oxfordshire, U.K
- Catalysis Hub, Research Complex at Harwell Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell OX11 0FA, Oxfordshire, U.K
| | - Olga Bortolini
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mark A Isaacs
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K
- HarwellXPS, Research Complex at Harwell, RAL, Didcot OX11 0FA, U.K
| | - Alessandro Massi
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Carmine D'Agostino
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Chimica, Ambientale e dei Materiali (DICAM), Università di Bologna (UNIBO), via Terracini n. 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Poletti L, Rovegno C, Di Carmine G, Vacchi F, Ragno D, Brandolese A, Massi A, Dambruoso P. Efficiency in Carbon Dioxide Fixation into Cyclic Carbonates: Operating Bifunctional Polyhydroxylated Pyridinium Organocatalysts in Segmented Flow Conditions. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041530. [PMID: 36838518 PMCID: PMC9960811 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel polyhydroxylated ammonium, imidazolium, and pyridinium salt organocatalysts were prepared through N-alkylation sequences using glycidol as the key precursor. The most active pyridinium iodide catalyst effectively promoted the carbonation of a set of terminal epoxides (80 to >95% yields) at a low catalyst loading (5 mol%), ambient pressure of CO2, and moderate temperature (75 °C) in batch operations, also demonstrating high recyclability and simple downstream separation from the reaction mixture. Moving from batch to segmented flow conditions with the operation of thermostated (75 °C) and pressurized (8.5 atm) home-made reactors significantly reduced the process time (from hours to seconds), increasing the process productivity up to 20.1 mmol(product) h-1 mmol(cat)-1, a value ~17 times higher than that in batch mode.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Poletti
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari, 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Caterina Rovegno
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari, 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Institute for Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity of the Italian National Research Council, CNR Area della Ricerca di Bologna, Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Graziano Di Carmine
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari, 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Filippo Vacchi
- Institute for Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity of the Italian National Research Council, CNR Area della Ricerca di Bologna, Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Daniele Ragno
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari, 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Arianna Brandolese
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari, 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandro Massi
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari, 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (P.D.); Tel.: +39-051-6399765 (P.D.)
| | - Paolo Dambruoso
- Institute for Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity of the Italian National Research Council, CNR Area della Ricerca di Bologna, Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (P.D.); Tel.: +39-051-6399765 (P.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
N-Heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalysis is a by now consolidated organocatalytic platform for a number of synthetic (asymmetric) transformations via diverse reaction modes/intermediates. In addition to the typical umpolung processes involving acyl anion/homoenolate equivalent species, implementation of protocols under oxidative conditions greatly expands the possibilities of this methodology. Oxidative NHC-catalysis allows for oxidative and oxygenative transformations through specific manipulations of Breslow-type species depending upon the oxidant used (external oxidant or O2 /air), the derived NHC-bound intermediates paving the way to non-umpolung processes through activation of carbon atoms and heteroatoms. This review is intended to update the state of the art in oxidative NHC-catalyzed reactions that appeared in the literature from 2014 to present, with a strong focus to crucial intermediates and their mechanistic implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmela De Risi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Farmaceutiche ed Agrarie, Università di Ferrara, Via L. Borsari, 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Arianna Brandolese
- Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Ambiente e della Prevenzione, Università di Ferrara, Via L. Borsari, 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Graziano Di Carmine
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Farmaceutiche ed Agrarie, Università di Ferrara, Via L. Borsari, 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Daniele Ragno
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Farmaceutiche ed Agrarie, Università di Ferrara, Via L. Borsari, 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandro Massi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Farmaceutiche ed Agrarie, Università di Ferrara, Via L. Borsari, 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Olga Bortolini
- Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Ambiente e della Prevenzione, Università di Ferrara, Via L. Borsari, 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
De Risi C, Brandolese A, Di Carmine G, Ragno D, Massi A, Bortolini O. Frontispiece: Oxidative N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Catalysis. Chemistry 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202380461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carmela De Risi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Farmaceutiche ed Agrarie Università di Ferrara Via L. Borsari, 46 44121 Ferrara Italy
| | - Arianna Brandolese
- Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Ambiente e della Prevenzione Università di Ferrara Via L. Borsari, 46 44121 Ferrara Italy
| | - Graziano Di Carmine
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Farmaceutiche ed Agrarie Università di Ferrara Via L. Borsari, 46 44121 Ferrara Italy
| | - Daniele Ragno
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Farmaceutiche ed Agrarie Università di Ferrara Via L. Borsari, 46 44121 Ferrara Italy
| | - Alessandro Massi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Farmaceutiche ed Agrarie Università di Ferrara Via L. Borsari, 46 44121 Ferrara Italy
| | - Olga Bortolini
- Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Ambiente e della Prevenzione Università di Ferrara Via L. Borsari, 46 44121 Ferrara Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Calosi M, Renon M, Belletti G, Mazzanti V, Mollica F, Massi A, Bertoldo M. Glycolysis of semi-interpenetrated polymer network foam based on poly(vinyl chloride) for recovery and reuse of the individual components. Waste Manag 2022; 153:229-239. [PMID: 36126397 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Rigid semi-Interpenetrated Polymer Network (semi-IPN) foam based on poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) and crosslinked polyurea/isocyanurate are complex materials that at present are not recyclable. They are used in many fields, including wind blade cores. In this work we studied the depolymerization of the crosslinked portion of the foam under glycolysis conditions for the separation and reuse of the individual components. Reaction products were characterized by FT-IR, NMR, solvent solubility, DSC, elemental analysis, titration of amine and hydroxyl groups and rheology measurements. Triisocyanurates and urea moieties were synthesized and used as model compounds. Glycolysis conditions were optimized to maximize depolymerization while minimizing PVC degradation. The parameters studied were reaction time (8 min to 3 h), temperature (155 to 200 °C), catalyst (potassium acetate or dibutyl tin dilaurate (DBTL)), glycol (ethylene glycol, 1,4 butanediol, diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, polyethylene glycol), as well as the effect of PVC thermal stabilizers such as hindered phenols and organo-phosphites. The results showed that the optimal reaction condition for foam glycolysis is 165-175 °C for 20-30 min, using DBTL as catalyst and including thermal stabilizers. No drastic difference was noticed by the kind of glycol used, except for PEG that led to greater PVC degradation. The greatest part of the crosslinked portion (≥90 %) was depolymerized and the result were mainly hydroxyl- and in minor amount amine- terminated oligomers. The recovered PVC (purity roughly 90 %) had a low degree of degradation and a viscosity suitable for its processing as thermoplastic material, i.e. by injection moulding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Calosi
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, 44124 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Marco Renon
- Department of Quality & Environment, DIAB Spa, Longarone, BL, Italy
| | - Giada Belletti
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, 44124 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Valentina Mazzanti
- Department of Engineering, University of Ferrara, via Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Francesco Mollica
- Department of Engineering, University of Ferrara, via Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandro Massi
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, 44124 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Monica Bertoldo
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, 44124 Ferrara, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Poletti L, Ragno D, Bortolini O, Presini F, Pesciaioli F, Carli S, Caramori S, Molinari A, Massi A, Di Carmine G. Photoredox Cross-Dehydrogenative Coupling of N-Aryl Glycines Mediated by Mesoporous Graphitic Carbon Nitride: An Environmentally Friendly Approach to the Synthesis of Non-Proteinogenic α-Amino Acids (NPAAs) Decorated with Indoles. J Org Chem 2022; 87:7826-7837. [PMID: 35621232 PMCID: PMC9207928 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Indole-decorated
glycine derivatives are prepared through an environmentally
benign cross-dehydrogenative coupling between N-aryl
glycine analogues and indoles (yield of ≤81%). Merging heterogeneous
organocatalysis and photocatalysis, C–H functionalization has
been achieved by selective C-2 oxidation of N-aryl
glycines to afford the electrophilic imine followed by Friedel–Crafts
alkylation with indole. The sustainability of the process has been
taken into account in the reaction design through the implementation
of a metal-free recyclable heterogeneous photocatalyst and a green
reaction medium. Scale-up of the benchmark reaction (gram scale, yield
of 69%) and recycling experiments (over seven runs without a loss
of efficiency) have been performed to prove the robustness of the
protocol. Finally, mechanistic studies were conducted employing electron
paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy to unveil the roles of the photocatalyst
and oxygen in the formation of odd-electron species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Poletti
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari, 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Daniele Ragno
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari, 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Olga Bortolini
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari, 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Francesco Presini
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari, 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Fabio Pesciaioli
- Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Università degli Studi dell'Aquila, Via Vetoio, 42, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Stefano Carli
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari, 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Stefano Caramori
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari, 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandra Molinari
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari, 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandro Massi
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari, 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Graziano Di Carmine
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari, 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ragno D, De Risi C, Massi A, Di Carmine G, Toldo S, Leonardi C, Bortolini O. Regiodivergent Synthesis of Benzothiazole‐based Isosorbide Imidates by Oxidative N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Catalysis. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Ragno
- University of Ferrara: Universita degli Studi di Ferrara Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences ITALY
| | - Carmela De Risi
- University of Ferrara: Universita degli Studi di Ferrara Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences ITALY
| | - Alessandro Massi
- University of Ferrara: Universita degli Studi di Ferrara DepartmentEnvironmental and Prevention Sciences ITALY
| | - Graziano Di Carmine
- University of Ferrara: Universita degli Studi di Ferrara Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences ITALY
| | - Sofia Toldo
- University of Ferrara: Universita degli Studi di Ferrara Environmental and Prevention Sciences ITALY
| | - Costanza Leonardi
- University of Ferrara: Universita degli Studi di Ferrara Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences ITALY
| | - Olga Bortolini
- Universita of Ferrara DepartmentEnvironmental and Prevention Sciences Via Borsari 46 44121 Ferrara ITALY
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ragno D, Di Carmine G, Vannini M, Bortolini O, Perrone D, Buoso S, Bertoldo M, Massi A. Organocatalytic Synthesis of Poly(hydroxymethylfuroate) via Ring-Opening Polymerization of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural-Based Cyclic Oligoesters. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01687c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of hydroxymethylfuroate macrocyclic oligoesters c(HMF)n promoted by an N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) organocatalyst is herein presented together with the subsequent organocatalytic, entropically-driven ring-opening polymerization (ED-ROP) leading to the fully...
Collapse
|
11
|
Westphal H, Warias R, Weise C, Ragno D, Becker H, Spanka M, Massi A, Gläser R, Schneider C, Belder D. An integrated resource-efficient microfluidic device for parallelised studies of immobilised chiral catalysts in continuous flow via miniaturized LC/MS-analysis. REACT CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2re00153e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Dual-μReactor catalysis screening: a novel method combining multiple miniaturized packed-bed reactors and on-line HPLC/MS-analysis on one single microfluidic device.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Westphal
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Leipzig University, Linnéstraße 3, 04103, Germany
| | - Rico Warias
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Leipzig University, Linnéstraße 3, 04103, Germany
| | - Chris Weise
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Leipzig University, Linnéstraße 3, 04103, Germany
| | - Daniele Ragno
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Luigi Borsari 46, 44121, Italy
| | - Holger Becker
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Leipzig University, Linnéstraße 3, 04103, Germany
| | - Matthias Spanka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 28, 04103, Germany
| | - Alessandro Massi
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Luigi Borsari 46, 44121, Italy
| | - Roger Gläser
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Leipzig University, Linnéstraße 3, 04103, Germany
| | - Christoph Schneider
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 28, 04103, Germany
| | - Detlev Belder
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Leipzig University, Linnéstraße 3, 04103, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Westphal H, Warias R, Becker H, Spanka M, Ragno D, Gläser R, Schneider C, Massi A, Belder D. Front Cover: Unveiling Organocatalysts Action – Investigating Immobilized Catalysts at Steady‐State Operation via Lab‐on‐a‐Chip Technology (ChemCatChem 24/2021). ChemCatChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202101739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Westphal
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry Leipzig University Linnéstraße 3 04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - Rico Warias
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry Leipzig University Linnéstraße 3 04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - Holger Becker
- Institute of Chemical Technology Leipzig University Linnéstraße 3 04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - Matthias Spanka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Leipzig University Johannisallee 28 04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - Daniele Ragno
- Department of Chemical Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences University of Ferrara Luigi Borsari 46 44121 Ferrara Italy
| | - Roger Gläser
- Institute of Chemical Technology Leipzig University Linnéstraße 3 04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - Christoph Schneider
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Leipzig University Johannisallee 28 04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - Alessandro Massi
- Department of Chemical Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences University of Ferrara Luigi Borsari 46 44121 Ferrara Italy
| | - Detlev Belder
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry Leipzig University Linnéstraße 3 04103 Leipzig Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Leonardi C, Brandolese A, Preti L, Bortolini O, Polo E, Dambruoso P, Ragno D, Di Carmine G, Massi A. Expanding the Toolbox of Heterogeneous Asymmetric Organocatalysts: Bifunctional Cyclopropenimine Superbases for Enantioselective Catalysis in Batch and Continuous Flow. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202100757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Costanza Leonardi
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences University of Ferrara Via L. Borsari 46 44121 Ferrara Italy
| | - Arianna Brandolese
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences University of Ferrara Via L. Borsari 46 44121 Ferrara Italy
| | - Lorenzo Preti
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences University of Ferrara Via L. Borsari 46 44121 Ferrara Italy
| | - Olga Bortolini
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences University of Ferrara Via L. Borsari 46 44121 Ferrara Italy
| | - Eleonora Polo
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Via P. Gobetti, 101 40129 Bologna Italy
| | - Paolo Dambruoso
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Via P. Gobetti, 101 40129 Bologna Italy
| | - Daniele Ragno
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences University of Ferrara Via L. Borsari 46 44121 Ferrara Italy
| | - Graziano Di Carmine
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences University of Ferrara Via L. Borsari 46 44121 Ferrara Italy
| | - Alessandro Massi
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences University of Ferrara Via L. Borsari 46 44121 Ferrara Italy
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Westphal H, Warias R, Becker H, Spanka M, Ragno D, Gläser R, Schneider C, Massi A, Belder D. Unveiling Organocatalysts Action – Investigating Immobilized Catalysts at Steady‐State Operation via Lab‐on‐a‐Chip Technology. ChemCatChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202101148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Westphal
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry Leipzig University Linnéstraße 3 04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - Rico Warias
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry Leipzig University Linnéstraße 3 04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - Holger Becker
- Institute of Chemical Technology Leipzig University Linnéstraße 3 04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - Matthias Spanka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Leipzig University Johannisallee 28 04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - Daniele Ragno
- Department of Chemical Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences University of Ferrara Luigi Borsari 46 44121 Ferrara Italy
| | - Roger Gläser
- Institute of Chemical Technology Leipzig University Linnéstraße 3 04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - Christoph Schneider
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Leipzig University Johannisallee 28 04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - Alessandro Massi
- Department of Chemical Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences University of Ferrara Luigi Borsari 46 44121 Ferrara Italy
| | - Detlev Belder
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry Leipzig University Linnéstraße 3 04103 Leipzig Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ragno D, Brandolese A, Di Carmine G, Buoso S, Belletti G, Leonardi C, Bortolini O, Bertoldo M, Massi A. Exploring Oxidative NHC-Catalysis as Organocatalytic Polymerization Strategy towards Polyamide Oligomers. Chemistry 2021; 27:1839-1848. [PMID: 32986909 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The polycondensation of diamines and dialdehydes promoted by an N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalyst in the presence of a quinone oxidant and hexafluoro-2-propanol (HFIP) is herein presented for the synthesis of oligomeric polyamides (PAs), which are obtained with a number-average molecular weight (Mn ) in the range of 1.7-3.6 kg mol-1 as determined by NMR analysis. In particular, the utilization of furanic dialdehyde monomers (2,5-diformylfuran, DFF; 5,5'-[oxybis(methylene)]bis[2-furaldehyde], OBFA) to access known and previously unreported biobased PAs is illustrated. The synthesis of higher molecular weight PAs (poly(decamethylene terephthalamide, PA10T, Mn = 62.8 kg mol-1 ; poly(decamethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylamide, PA10F, Mn = 6.5 kg mol-1 ) by a two-step polycondensation approach is also described. The thermal properties (TGA and DSC analyses) of the synthesized PAs are reported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Ragno
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari, 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Arianna Brandolese
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari, 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Graziano Di Carmine
- School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, The University of Manchester, The Mill, Sackville Street, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Sara Buoso
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via P. Gobetti, 101-40129, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giada Belletti
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari, 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Costanza Leonardi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari, 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Olga Bortolini
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari, 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Monica Bertoldo
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari, 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandro Massi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari, 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Warias R, Ragno D, Massi A, Belder D. A Visible-Light-Powered Polymerization Method for the Immobilization of Enantioselective Organocatalysts into Microreactors. Chemistry 2020; 26:13152-13156. [PMID: 32453458 PMCID: PMC7693110 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A versatile one‐step photopolymerization approach for the immobilization of enantioselective organocatalysts is presented. Chiral organocatalyst‐containing monoliths based on polystyrene divinylbenzene copolymer were generated inside channels of microfluidic chips. Exemplary performance tests were performed for the monolithic Hayashi–Jørgensen catalyst in continuous flow, which showed good results for the Michael addition of aldehydes to nitroalkenes in terms of stereoselectivity and catalyst stability with minimal consumption of reagents and solvents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rico Warias
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Leipzig University, Linnéstraße 3, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Daniele Ragno
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandro Massi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Detlev Belder
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Leipzig University, Linnéstraße 3, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Di Carmine G, Ragno D, Massi A, D'Agostino C. Oxidative Coupling of Aldehydes with Alcohol for the Synthesis of Esters Promoted by Polystyrene-Supported N-Heterocyclic Carbene: Unraveling the Solvent Effect on the Catalyst Behavior Using NMR Relaxation. Org Lett 2020; 22:4927-4931. [PMID: 32383888 PMCID: PMC7341527 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Heterogeneous organocatalysts hold great potential as they offer practical advantages in terms of purification and reusability compared with the homogeneous counterpart. A puzzling aspect is the solvent effect on their catalytic performance. Here we propose a new approach whereby T1/T2 NMR relaxation measurements are used to evaluate the strength of solvent-surface interactions in the polystyrene-supported N-heterocyclic carbene-promoted oxidation of aldehydes. The results reveal that solvents with high surface affinity lead to a decrease in catalyst activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Graziano Di Carmine
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, The University of Manchester, The Mill, Sackville Street, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Daniele Ragno
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari, 46, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandro Massi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari, 46, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Carmine D'Agostino
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, The University of Manchester, The Mill, Sackville Street, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Brandolese A, Ragno D, Leonardi C, Di Carmine G, Bortolini O, De Risi C, Massi A. Enantioselective N
-Acylation of Biginelli Dihydropyrimidines by Oxidative NHC Catalysis. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Brandolese
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Ferrara; Via L. Borsari, 46 44121 Ferrara Italy
| | - Daniele Ragno
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Ferrara; Via L. Borsari, 46 44121 Ferrara Italy
| | - Costanza Leonardi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Ferrara; Via L. Borsari, 46 44121 Ferrara Italy
| | - Graziano Di Carmine
- School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science; The University of Manchester; M13 9PL Manchester UK
| | - Olga Bortolini
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Ferrara; Via L. Borsari, 46 44121 Ferrara Italy
| | - Carmela De Risi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Ferrara; Via L. Borsari, 46 44121 Ferrara Italy
| | - Alessandro Massi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Ferrara; Via L. Borsari, 46 44121 Ferrara Italy
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
De Risi C, Bortolini O, Brandolese A, Di Carmine G, Ragno D, Massi A. Recent advances in continuous-flow organocatalysis for process intensification. REACT CHEM ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0re00076k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The progresses on continuous-flow organocatalysis from 2016 to early 2020 are reviewed with focus on transition from batch to flow.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmela De Risi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche
- I-44121 Ferrara
- Italy
| | - Olga Bortolini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche
- I-44121 Ferrara
- Italy
| | | | | | - Daniele Ragno
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche
- I-44121 Ferrara
- Italy
| | - Alessandro Massi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche
- I-44121 Ferrara
- Italy
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ragno D, Di Carmine G, Brandolese A, Bortolini O, Giovannini PP, Fantin G, Bertoldo M, Massi A. Oxidative NHC-Catalysis as Organocatalytic Platform for the Synthesis of Polyester Oligomers by Step-Growth Polymerization. Chemistry 2019; 25:14701-14710. [PMID: 31486558 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The application of N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalysis to the polycondensation of diols and dialdehydes under oxidative conditions is herein presented for the synthesis of polyesters using fossil-based (ethylene glycol, phthalaldehydes) and bio-based (furan derivatives, glycerol, isosorbide) monomers. The catalytic dimethyl triazolium/1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene couple and stoichiometric quinone oxidant afforded polyester oligomers with a number-average molecular weight (Mn ) in the range of 1.5-7.8 kg mol-1 as determined by NMR analysis. The synthesis of a higher molecular weight polyester (polyethylene terephthalate, PET) by an NHC-promoted two-step procedure via oligoester intermediates is also illustrated together with the catalyst-controlled preparation of cross-linked or linear polyesters derived from the trifunctional glycerol. The thermal properties (TGA and DSC analyses) of the synthesized oligoesters are also reported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Ragno
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutica Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari, 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Graziano Di Carmine
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutica Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari, 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Arianna Brandolese
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutica Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari, 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Olga Bortolini
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutica Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari, 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Giovannini
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutica Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari, 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Fantin
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutica Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari, 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Monica Bertoldo
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via P. Gobetti, 101-40129, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandro Massi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutica Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari, 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Bernardi T, Bortolini O, Massi A, Sacchetti G, Tacchini M, De Risi C. Exploring the Synergy Between HPTLC and HPLC-DAD for the Investigation of Wine-Making By-Products. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24193416. [PMID: 31546987 PMCID: PMC6803953 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24193416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Both environmental and economic issues are increasingly pushing for the revalorization of agri-food by-products, including those arising from wine industry. Wastes produced from wine-making processes are important sources of biologically active compounds, mainly phenolic acids and flavonoids, which could be re-used for several applications, for example as additive surrogates or new ingredients in foodstuffs and/or pharmaceuticals. Therefore, the development of methods aimed at isolating, characterizing and quantifying molecules present in winery by-products acquires considerable importance in view of their re-utilization on a large scale. In this connection, this study demonstrated that high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) and high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) can operate in synergy for the investigation of pomace and seed materials arising from both white and red cultivars of Vitis Vinifera. By virtue of fingerprint profiling, mass spectrometry (MS) interfacing and band comparison method, HPTLC enabled detection and identification of phenolic acids, non-anthocyanic flavonoids and anthocyanins. On the contrary, only anthocyanins could be identified by HPLC-DAD, and their subsequent quantification showed that malvidin-3-O-glucoside (oenin) was the most abundant one. In parallel, HPTLC has allowed to detect and quantify proanthocyanidins (PAC), showing that only catechin was present in the test samples. Both quantitative analytical methods were validated in terms of linearity, detection and quantification limits and precision.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Bernardi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Olga Bortolini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Massi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Gianni Sacchetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biotecnologie, Sezione di Botanica Applicata, Piazzale Luciano Chiappini 2, Malborghetto di Boara, I-44123 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Massimo Tacchini
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biotecnologie, Sezione di Botanica Applicata, Piazzale Luciano Chiappini 2, Malborghetto di Boara, I-44123 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Carmela De Risi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Di Carmine G, Ragno D, Brandolese A, Bortolini O, Pecorari D, Sabuzi F, Mazzanti A, Massi A. Enantioselective Desymmetrization of 1,4-Dihydropyridines by Oxidative NHC Catalysis. Chemistry 2019; 25:7469-7474. [PMID: 30947379 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201901243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The unprecedented desymmetrization of prochiral dialdehydes catalyzed by N-heterocyclic carbenes under oxidative conditions was applied to the highly enantioselective synthesis of 1,4-dihydropyridines (DHPs) starting from 3,5-dicarbaldehyde substrates. Synthetic elaboration of the resulting 5-formyl-1,4-DHP-3-carboxylates allowed for access to the class of pharmaceutically relevant 1,4-DHP-3,5-dicarboxylates (Hantzsch esters). DFT calculations suggested that the enantioselectivity of the process is determined by the transition state involving the oxidation of the Breslow intermediate by the external quinone oxidant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Graziano Di Carmine
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, I-44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Daniele Ragno
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, I-44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Arianna Brandolese
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, I-44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Olga Bortolini
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, I-44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Daniel Pecorari
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, V. Risorgimento 4, I-40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - Federica Sabuzi
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Roma Tor Vergata, V. Ricerca Scientifica, I-00131, Roma, Italy
| | - Andrea Mazzanti
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, V. Risorgimento 4, I-40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandro Massi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, I-44121, Ferrara, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
De Risi C, Bortolini O, Di Carmine G, Ragno D, Massi A. Kinetic Resolution, Dynamic Kinetic Resolution and Asymmetric Desymmetrization by N-Heterocyclic Carbene Catalysis. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2019. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1612305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
N-Heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) are now well-established organocatalysts for a large number of asymmetric and non-asymmetric transformations. In the last 15 years, there has been significant interest in using NHCs in kinetic resolution (KR), dynamic kinetic resolution (DKR) and asymmetric desymmetrization reactions for the stereoselective synthesis of enantioenriched compounds, with diverse substrates and activation modes being adopted to this end. This short review brings into focus the progress made on NHC-catalyzed KR, DKR, and asymmetric desymmetrization from 2004 until December 2018. The literature discussed in this article is classified on the basis of the type of reaction involving the NHC catalyst.1 Introduction2 Acylation Strategies2.1 O-Acylation2.2 N-Acylation2.3 C-Acylation3 Aldol-Acylation Processes4 Benzoin Reactions5 Stetter Reactions6 Miscellaneous Approaches7 Conclusion
Collapse
|
24
|
Brandolese A, Ragno D, Di Carmine G, Bernardi T, Bortolini O, Giovannini PP, Pandoli OG, Altomare A, Massi A. Aerobic oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural to 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furancarboxylic acid and its derivatives by heterogeneous NHC-catalysis. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 16:8955-8964. [PMID: 30403257 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob02425a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The application of the oxidative system composed of a heterogeneous triazolium pre-catalyst, iron(ii) phthalocyanine and air is described for the selective conversion of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) into the added-value 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furancarboxylic acid (HMFCA). The disclosed one-pot two-step procedure involved sequential oxidative esterifications of HMF to afford a polyester oligomer having hydroxyl and carboxyl terminal groups (Mw = 389-1258), which in turn was hydrolyzed by a supported base (Ambersep 900 OH) to yield HMFCA in 87% overall yield. The same strategy was adopted for the effective synthesis of ester and amide derivatives of HMFCA by nucleophilic depolymerization of the oligomeric intermediate with methanol and butylamine, respectively. The utilization of the disclosed oxidative system for the direct conversion of HMF and furfural into their corresponding ester, amide, and thioester derivatives is also reported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Brandolese
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari, 46, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Baraldi S, Fantin G, Di Carmine G, Ragno D, Brandolese A, Massi A, Bortolini O, Marchetti N, Giovannini PP. Enzymatic synthesis of biobased aliphatic–aromatic oligoesters using 5,5′-bis(hydroxymethyl)furoin as a building block. RSC Adv 2019; 9:29044-29050. [PMID: 35528403 PMCID: PMC9071804 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra06621g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
5,5′-Dihydroxymethyl furoin (DHMF) is a novel biobased difuranic polyol scaffold, achievable from the benzoin condensation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), which has recently been employed as a monomer for the preparation of cross-linked polyesters and polyurethane. Its upgrading by means of enzymatic reactions has not yet been reported. Here we demonstrated that Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB) is a suitable biocatalyst for the selective esterification of the primary hydroxyl groups of DHMF. Exploiting this enzymatic activity, DHMF has been reacted with the diethyl esters of succinic and sebacic acids obtaining fully biobased linear oligoesters with number-average molecular weight around 1000 g mol−1 and free hydroxyl groups on the polymer backbone. The structures of the DHMF-diacid ethyl ester dimers and of the oligomers were elucidated by NMR and MS analyses. Fully bio-based linear oligoesters were obtained by the unprecedented enzymatic polymerization of 5,5′-bis(hydroxymethyl)furoin with succinic and sebacic acid diethyl esters.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Serena Baraldi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of Ferrara
- I-44121 Ferrara
- Italy
| | - Giancarlo Fantin
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of Ferrara
- I-44121 Ferrara
- Italy
| | - Graziano Di Carmine
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of Ferrara
- I-44121 Ferrara
- Italy
| | - Daniele Ragno
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of Ferrara
- I-44121 Ferrara
- Italy
| | - Arianna Brandolese
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of Ferrara
- I-44121 Ferrara
- Italy
| | - Alessandro Massi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of Ferrara
- I-44121 Ferrara
- Italy
| | - Olga Bortolini
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of Ferrara
- I-44121 Ferrara
- Italy
| | - Nicola Marchetti
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of Ferrara
- I-44121 Ferrara
- Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Giovannini
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of Ferrara
- I-44121 Ferrara
- Italy
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Di Carmine G, Bortolini O, Massi A, Müller M, Bernacchia G, Fantin G, Ragno D, Giovannini PP. Enzymatic Cross‐Benzoin‐Type Condensation of Aliphatic Aldehydes: Enantioselective Synthesis of 1‐Alkyl‐1‐hydroxypropan‐2‐ones and 1‐Alkyl‐1‐hydroxybutan‐2‐ones. Adv Synth Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201800357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Graziano Di Carmine
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e FarmaceuticheUniversità di Ferrara Via Fossato di Mortara 17 44121 Ferrara Italy
| | - Olga Bortolini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e FarmaceuticheUniversità di Ferrara Via Fossato di Mortara 17 44121 Ferrara Italy
| | - Alessandro Massi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e FarmaceuticheUniversità di Ferrara Via Fossato di Mortara 17 44121 Ferrara Italy
| | - Michael Müller
- Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesAlbert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Albertstrasse 25 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Giovanni Bernacchia
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e BiotecnologieUniversità di Ferrara Via L. Borsari 46 44121 Ferrara Italy
| | - Giancarlo Fantin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e FarmaceuticheUniversità di Ferrara Via Fossato di Mortara 17 44121 Ferrara Italy
| | - Daniele Ragno
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e FarmaceuticheUniversità di Ferrara Via Fossato di Mortara 17 44121 Ferrara Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Giovannini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e FarmaceuticheUniversità di Ferrara Via Fossato di Mortara 17 44121 Ferrara Italy
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Warias R, Zaghi A, Heiland JJ, Piendl SK, Gilmore K, Seeberger PH, Massi A, Belder D. An Integrated Lab‐on‐a‐chip Approach to Study Heterogeneous Enantioselective Catalysts at the Microscale. ChemCatChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201801637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rico Warias
- Institute of Analytical ChemistryLeipzig University Linnéstraße 03 Leipzig D-04103 Germany
| | - Anna Zaghi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Ferrara Luigi Borsari 46 Ferrara I-441213 Italy
| | - Josef J. Heiland
- Institute of Analytical ChemistryLeipzig University Linnéstraße 03 Leipzig D-04103 Germany
| | - Sebastian K. Piendl
- Institute of Analytical ChemistryLeipzig University Linnéstraße 03 Leipzig D-04103 Germany
| | - Kerry Gilmore
- Biomolecular Systems DepartmentMax-Planck-Institute for Colloids and Interfaces Am Mühlenberg 1 Postdam D-014476 Germany
| | - Peter H. Seeberger
- Biomolecular Systems DepartmentMax-Planck-Institute for Colloids and Interfaces Am Mühlenberg 1 Postdam D-014476 Germany
- Freie Universität Berlin Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry Arnimallee 22 Berlin 14195 Germany
| | - Alessandro Massi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Ferrara Luigi Borsari 46 Ferrara I-441213 Italy
| | - Detlev Belder
- Institute of Analytical ChemistryLeipzig University Linnéstraße 03 Leipzig D-04103 Germany
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Massarenti C, Bortolini O, Fantin G, Cristofaro D, Ragno D, Perrone D, Marchesi E, Toniolo G, Massi A. Fluorous-tag assisted synthesis of bile acid-bisphosphonate conjugates via orthogonal click reactions: an access to potential anti-resorption bone drugs. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 15:4907-4920. [PMID: 28548149 DOI: 10.1039/c7ob00774d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of a small collection of novel bile acid-bisphosphonate (BA-BP) conjugates as potential drug candidates is reported. The disclosed methodology relied on the installation of azide and thiol functionalities at the head and tail positions, respectively, of the BA scaffold and its subsequent decoration by orthogonal click reactions (copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition, thiol-ene or thiol-yne coupling) to introduce BP units and a fluorophore. Because of the troublesome isolation of the target conjugates by standard procedures, the methodology culminated with the functionalization of the BA scaffold with a light fluorous tag to rapidly and efficiently purify intermediates and final products by fluorous solid-phase extraction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Massarenti
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Di Carmine G, Ragno D, Bortolini O, Giovannini PP, Mazzanti A, Massi A, Fogagnolo M. Enantioselective Dearomatization of Alkylpyridiniums by N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Catalyzed Nucleophilic Acylation. J Org Chem 2018; 83:2050-2057. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Graziano Di Carmine
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Ferrara, Via L. Borsari, 46, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Daniele Ragno
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Ferrara, Via L. Borsari, 46, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Olga Bortolini
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Ferrara, Via L. Borsari, 46, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Giovannini
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Ferrara, Via L. Borsari, 46, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Andrea Mazzanti
- Dipartimento
di Chimica Industriale “Toso Montanari”, Università di Bologna, V. Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandro Massi
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Ferrara, Via L. Borsari, 46, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Marco Fogagnolo
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Ferrara, Via L. Borsari, 46, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Ragno D, Brandolese A, Urbani D, Di Carmine G, De Risi C, Bortolini O, Giovannini PP, Massi A. Esterification of glycerol and solketal by oxidative NHC-catalysis under heterogeneous batch and flow conditions. REACT CHEM ENG 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8re00143j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Heterogeneous NHC-catalysis in batch and flow modes is an effective synthetic platform for the production of monoacylglycerols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Ragno
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of Ferrara
- I-44121 Ferrara
- Italy
| | - Arianna Brandolese
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of Ferrara
- I-44121 Ferrara
- Italy
| | - Daniele Urbani
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of Ferrara
- I-44121 Ferrara
- Italy
| | - Graziano Di Carmine
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of Ferrara
- I-44121 Ferrara
- Italy
| | - Carmela De Risi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of Ferrara
- I-44121 Ferrara
- Italy
| | - Olga Bortolini
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of Ferrara
- I-44121 Ferrara
- Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Giovannini
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of Ferrara
- I-44121 Ferrara
- Italy
| | - Alessandro Massi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of Ferrara
- I-44121 Ferrara
- Italy
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Ragno D, Di Carmine G, Brandolese A, Bortolini O, Giovannini PP, Massi A. Immobilization of Privileged Triazolium Carbene Catalyst for Batch and Flow Stereoselective Umpolung Processes. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b02164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Ragno
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari, 46, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Graziano Di Carmine
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari, 46, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Arianna Brandolese
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari, 46, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Olga Bortolini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari, 46, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Giovannini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari, 46, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandro Massi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari, 46, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Zaghi A, Ragno D, Di Carmine G, De Risi C, Bortolini O, Giovannini PP, Fantin G, Massi A. Electron-transfer-initiated benzoin- and Stetter-like reactions in packed-bed reactors for process intensification. Beilstein J Org Chem 2017; 12:2719-2730. [PMID: 28144342 PMCID: PMC5238549 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.12.268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A convenient heterogeneous continuous-flow procedure for the polarity reversal of aromatic α-diketones is presented. Propaedeutic batch experiments have been initially performed to select the optimal supported base capable to initiate the two electron-transfer process from the carbamoyl anion of the N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) solvent to the α-diketone and generate the corresponding enediolate active species. After having identified the 2-tert-butylimino-2-diethylamino-1,3-dimethylperhydro-1,3,2-diazaphosphorine on polystyrene (PS-BEMP) as the suitable base, packed-bed microreactors (pressure-resistant stainless-steel columns) have been fabricated and operated to accomplish the chemoselective synthesis of aroylated α-hydroxy ketones and 2-benzoyl-1,4-diones (benzoin- and Stetter-like products, respectively) with a good level of efficiency and with a long-term stability of the packing material (up to five days).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Zaghi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Daniele Ragno
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Graziano Di Carmine
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Carmela De Risi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Olga Bortolini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Giovannini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Fantin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandro Massi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Di Carmine G, Ragno D, De Risi C, Bortolini O, Giovannini PP, Fantin G, Massi A. Synthesis of functionalized imidazolidine-2-thiones via NHC/base-promoted aza-benzoin/aza-acetalization domino reactions. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:8788-8801. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob02259j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Benzylidene thioureas were generated in situ from α-sulfonylamines and used as novel umpolung acceptors in aza-benzoin/aza-acetalization domino reactions giving 5-hydroxy-imidazolidine-2-thiones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Graziano Di Carmine
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche
- Università di Ferrara
- I-44121 Ferrara
- Italy
| | - Daniele Ragno
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche
- Università di Ferrara
- I-44121 Ferrara
- Italy
| | - Carmela De Risi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche
- Università di Ferrara
- I-44121 Ferrara
- Italy
| | - Olga Bortolini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche
- Università di Ferrara
- I-44121 Ferrara
- Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Giovannini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche
- Università di Ferrara
- I-44121 Ferrara
- Italy
| | - Giancarlo Fantin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche
- Università di Ferrara
- I-44121 Ferrara
- Italy
| | - Alessandro Massi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche
- Università di Ferrara
- I-44121 Ferrara
- Italy
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Bortolini O, Chiappe C, Fogagnolo M, Massi A, Pomelli CS. Formation, Oxidation, and Fate of the Breslow Intermediate in the N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidation of Aldehydes. J Org Chem 2016; 82:302-312. [PMID: 27966944 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b02414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The reaction paths and intermediate structures related to the formation of the Breslow intermediate and its oxidation along the oxidative/oxygenative lanes have been studied from a mechanistic point of view, with the support of gas-phase and computational studies. The results confirm the occurrence of a single-electron transfer from the Breslow intermediate to the molecular oxygen with formation of a radical couple that recombines either as a peroxide anion 7' to afford the aldehyde-to-carboxylic acid product or as a hydroperoxy derivative 7″ that evolved into an electrophilic acyl azolium, opening to the aldehyde-to-ester conversion. Steric factors enter into determining the different reactivity. All of the intermediates of both catalytic paths have been observed and characterized under mass spectrometric conditions. In particular, for the imidazoline catalyst, the (+)ESI-MS/(MS) detection of the genuine Breslow intermediate was made possible in virtue of its limited reactivity. Mechanistic aspects of the N-heterocyclic carbenes catalyzed aerobic oxidation of aldehydes shares important similarities with that one of the recently revisited benzoin condensation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Bortolini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Ferrara , Via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Cinzia Chiappe
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa , Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Fogagnolo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Ferrara , Via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandro Massi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Ferrara , Via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Giovannini PP, Lerin LA, Müller M, Bernacchia G, Bastiani MD, Catani M, Di Carmine G, Massi A. (S
)-Selectivity in Phenylacetyl Carbinol Synthesis Using the Wild-Type Enzyme Acetoin:Dichlorophenolindophenol Oxidoreductase from Bacillus licheniformis. Adv Synth Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201600359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pier Paolo Giovannini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche; Università di Ferrara; Via Fossato di Mortara 17 I-44121 Ferrara Italy
| | - Lindomar Alberto Lerin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche; Università di Ferrara; Via Fossato di Mortara 17 I-44121 Ferrara Italy
| | - Michael Müller
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg; Albertstrasse 25 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Giovanni Bernacchia
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biotecnologie; Università di Ferrara; Via L. Borsari 46 I-44121 Ferrara Italy
| | - Morena De Bastiani
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biotecnologie; Università di Ferrara; Via L. Borsari 46 I-44121 Ferrara Italy
| | - Martina Catani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche; Università di Ferrara; Via Fossato di Mortara 17 I-44121 Ferrara Italy
| | - Graziano Di Carmine
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche; Università di Ferrara; Via Fossato di Mortara 17 I-44121 Ferrara Italy
| | - Alessandro Massi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche; Università di Ferrara; Via Fossato di Mortara 17 I-44121 Ferrara Italy
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Giovannini PP, Bortolini O, Massi A. Thiamine-Diphosphate-Dependent Enzymes as Catalytic Tools for the Asymmetric Benzoin-Type Reaction. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201600228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pier Paolo Giovannini
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Ferrara; 17, Via Fossato di Mortara 44121 Ferrara Italy
| | - Olga Bortolini
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Ferrara; 17, Via Fossato di Mortara 44121 Ferrara Italy
| | - Alessandro Massi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Ferrara; 17, Via Fossato di Mortara 44121 Ferrara Italy
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
De Sá DS, Marinkovic BA, Romani EC, Del Rosso T, de Souza ROMA, Massi A, Pandoli O. Prototyping of meso- and microfluidic devices with embedded TiO2photocatalyst for photodegradation of an organic dye. J Flow Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1556/1846.2015.00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
38
|
Greco R, Caciolli L, Zaghi A, Pandoli O, Bortolini O, Cavazzini A, De Risi C, Massi A. A monolithic 5-(pyrrolidin-2-yl)tetrazole flow microreactor for the asymmetric aldol reaction in water–ethanol solvent. REACT CHEM ENG 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5re00017c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An organocatalytic polystyrene monolithic column produces chiral β-hydroxyketones under benign, continuous-flow conditions with high long-term stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Greco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche
- Università di Ferrara
- I-44121 Ferrara
- Italy
| | - Lorenzo Caciolli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche
- Università di Ferrara
- I-44121 Ferrara
- Italy
| | - Anna Zaghi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche
- Università di Ferrara
- I-44121 Ferrara
- Italy
| | - Omar Pandoli
- Departamento de Química
- Pontificia Universidade Católica – PUC-Rio
- Brazil
| | - Olga Bortolini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche
- Università di Ferrara
- I-44121 Ferrara
- Italy
| | - Alberto Cavazzini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche
- Università di Ferrara
- I-44121 Ferrara
- Italy
| | - Carmela De Risi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche
- Università di Ferrara
- I-44121 Ferrara
- Italy
| | - Alessandro Massi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche
- Università di Ferrara
- I-44121 Ferrara
- Italy
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Ragno D, Zaghi A, Di Carmine G, Giovannini PP, Bortolini O, Fogagnolo M, Molinari A, Venturini A, Massi A. Cross-benzoin and Stetter-type reactions mediated by KOtBu-DMF via an electron-transfer process. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:9823-9835. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob01868h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The KOtBu-DMF system promotes benzoin- and Stetter-like reactions of alpha-diketone donors through a double electron-transfer-based mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Ragno
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences - University of Ferrara
- I-44121 Ferrara
- Italy
| | - Anna Zaghi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences - University of Ferrara
- I-44121 Ferrara
- Italy
| | - Graziano Di Carmine
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences - University of Ferrara
- I-44121 Ferrara
- Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Giovannini
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences - University of Ferrara
- I-44121 Ferrara
- Italy
| | - Olga Bortolini
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences - University of Ferrara
- I-44121 Ferrara
- Italy
| | - Marco Fogagnolo
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences - University of Ferrara
- I-44121 Ferrara
- Italy
| | - Alessandra Molinari
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences - University of Ferrara
- I-44121 Ferrara
- Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Massi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences - University of Ferrara
- I-44121 Ferrara
- Italy
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Zaghi A, Bernardi T, Bertolasi V, Bortolini O, Massi A, De Risi C. One-Pot, Four-Step Organocatalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Functionalized Nitrocyclopropanes. J Org Chem 2015; 80:9176-84. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b01607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Zaghi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Via
Fossato di Mortara 17, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Tatiana Bernardi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Via
Fossato di Mortara 17, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Valerio Bertolasi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Via
Fossato di Mortara 17, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Olga Bortolini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Via
Fossato di Mortara 17, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandro Massi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Via
Fossato di Mortara 17, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Carmela De Risi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Via
Fossato di Mortara 17, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Bernacchia G, Bortolini O, De Bastiani M, Lerin LA, Loschonsky S, Massi A, Müller M, Giovannini PP. Enzymatic Chemoselective Aldehyde-Ketone Cross-Couplings through the Polarity Reversal of Methylacetoin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:7171-5. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201502102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
42
|
Bernacchia G, Bortolini O, De Bastiani M, Lerin LA, Loschonsky S, Massi A, Müller M, Giovannini PP. Enzymatic Chemoselective Aldehyde-Ketone Cross-Couplings through the Polarity Reversal of Methylacetoin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201502102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
43
|
Ragno D, Bortolini O, Fantin G, Fogagnolo M, Giovannini PP, Massi A. Nucleophilic and Electrophilic Double Aroylation of Chalcones with Benzils Promoted by the Dimsyl Anion as a Route to All Carbon Tetrasubstituted Olefins. J Org Chem 2015; 80:1937-45. [DOI: 10.1021/jo502582e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Ragno
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche
e Farmaceutiche, Università di Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17-27, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Olga Bortolini
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche
e Farmaceutiche, Università di Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17-27, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Fantin
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche
e Farmaceutiche, Università di Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17-27, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Marco Fogagnolo
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche
e Farmaceutiche, Università di Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17-27, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Giovannini
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche
e Farmaceutiche, Università di Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17-27, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandro Massi
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche
e Farmaceutiche, Università di Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17-27, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Lerin LA, Catani M, Oliveira D, Massi A, Bortolini O, Cavazzini A, Giovannini PP. Continuous ion-exchange resin catalysed esterification of eugenol for the optimized production of eugenyl acetate using a packed bed microreactor. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra08457a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A green scalable flow-synthesis process for the production of eugenyl acetate, an eugenol derivative with potential applications in food and medicinal chemistry, was developed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L. A. Lerin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche
- Università di Ferrara
- Ferrara
- Italy
| | - M. Catani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche
- Università di Ferrara
- Ferrara
- Italy
| | - D. Oliveira
- Departamento de Engenharia Química e Engenharia de Alimentos
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina
- Florianópolis
- Brazil
| | - A. Massi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche
- Università di Ferrara
- Ferrara
- Italy
| | - O. Bortolini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche
- Università di Ferrara
- Ferrara
- Italy
| | - A. Cavazzini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche
- Università di Ferrara
- Ferrara
- Italy
| | - P. P. Giovannini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche
- Università di Ferrara
- Ferrara
- Italy
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Bortolini O, Chiappe C, Ghilardi T, Massi A, Pomelli CS. Dissolution of Metal Salts in Bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide-Based Ionic Liquids: Studying the Affinity of Metal Cations Toward a “Weakly Coordinating” Anion. J Phys Chem A 2014; 119:5078-87. [DOI: 10.1021/jp507437g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Bortolini
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Ferrara, Via Fossato
di Mortara 17-19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Cinzia Chiappe
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Tiziana Ghilardi
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Massi
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Ferrara, Via Fossato
di Mortara 17-19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Bortolini O, Chiappe C, Fogagnolo M, Giovannini PP, Massi A, Pomelli CS, Ragno D. An insight into the mechanism of the aerobic oxidation of aldehydes catalyzed by N-heterocyclic carbenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:2008-11. [PMID: 24413829 DOI: 10.1039/c3cc48929a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
N-Heterocyclic carbene catalysis for the aerobic oxidation and esterification of aromatic aldehydes was monitored by ESI-MS (MS/MS) and the key intermediates were intercepted and characterized using the charge-tag strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O Bortolini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Pandoli O, Del Rosso T, Aucélio RQ, Massi A, Xiang C, Hysing SR. Novel Compact Mesh Structure Micromixer with Multiple Outlets for Generation of Concentration Gradients. J Flow Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1556/jfc-d-13-00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
48
|
Ciogli A, Simone P, Villani C, Gasparrini F, Laganà A, Capitani D, Marchetti N, Pasti L, Massi A, Cavazzini A. Revealing the Fine Details of Functionalized Silica Surfaces by Solid-State NMR and Adsorption Isotherm Measurements: The Case of Fluorinated Stationary Phases for Liquid Chromatography. Chemistry 2014; 20:8138-48. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201304330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Revised: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
49
|
Ragno D, Bortolini O, Giovannini PP, Massi A, Pacifico S, Zaghi A. One-pot, two-step desymmetrization of symmetrical benzils catalyzed by the methylsulfinyl (dimsyl) anion. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:5733-44. [PMID: 24967946 DOI: 10.1039/c4ob00759j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Symmetrical-to-unsymmetrical benzil conversion is realized by a one-pot two-step procedure involving a chemoselective cross-benzoin reaction followed by microwave-assisted oxidation of the benzoylated benzoin intermediate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Ragno
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche
- Laboratorio di Chimica Organica
- 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Olga Bortolini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche
- Laboratorio di Chimica Organica
- 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Giovannini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche
- Laboratorio di Chimica Organica
- 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandro Massi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche
- Laboratorio di Chimica Organica
- 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Salvatore Pacifico
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche
- Laboratorio di Chimica Organica
- 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Anna Zaghi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche
- Laboratorio di Chimica Organica
- 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Bortolini O, Fantin G, Ferretti V, Fogagnolo M, Giovannini PP, Massi A, Pacifico S, Ragno D. Methylsulfinyl (Dimsyl) Anion as Umpolung Catalyst for the Chemoselective Cross-Benzoin Reaction of α-Diketones with Aldehydes. Adv Synth Catal 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201300652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|