1
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Bozza D, De Luca C, Felletti S, Spedicato M, Presini F, Giovannini PP, Carraro M, Macis M, Cavazzini A, Catani M, Ricci A, Cabri W. Dimethyl carbonate as a green alternative to acetonitrile in reversed-phase liquid chromatography. Part II: Purification of a therapeutic peptide. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1713:464530. [PMID: 38035518 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Preparative liquid chromatography in reversed phase conditions (RPLC) is the most common approach adopted in the downstream processing for the purification of therapeutic peptides at industrial level. Due to the strict requirements on the quality imposed by the Regulatory Agencies, routinary methods based on the use of aqueous buffers and acetonitrile (ACN) as organic modifier are commonly used, where ACN is practically the only available choice for the purification of peptide derivatives. However, ACN is known to suffers of many shortcomings, such as drastic shortage in the market, high costs and, most importantly, it shows unwanted toxicity for human health and environment, which led it among the less environmentally friendly ones. For this reason, the selection of a suitable alternative becomes crucial for the sustainable downstream processing of peptides and biopharmaceuticals in general. In this paper, a promising green solvent, namely dimethyl carbonate (DMC) has been used for the separation of a peptide not only in linear conditions but also for its purification through non-linear overloaded chromatography. The performance of the process has been compared to that achievable with the common method where ACN is used as organic modifier and to that obtained with two additional solvents (namely ethanol and isopropanol), already used as greener alternatives to ACN. This proof-of-concept study showed that, thanks to its higher elution strength, DMC can be considered a green alternative to ACN, since it allows to reduce method duration while reaching good purities and recoveries. Indeed, at a target purity fixed to 98.5 %, DMC led to the best productivity with respect to all the other solvents tested, confirming its suitability as a sustainable alternative to ACN for the purification of complex biopharmaceutical products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desiree Bozza
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, Ferrara 44121, Italy
| | - Chiara De Luca
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, Ferrara 44121, Italy
| | - Simona Felletti
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, Ferrara 44121, Italy
| | - Matteo Spedicato
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, Ferrara 44121, Italy
| | - Francesco Presini
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, Ferrara 44121, Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Giovannini
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, Ferrara 44121, Italy
| | - Marco Carraro
- Fresenius Kabi iPSUM, via San Leonardo 23, Villadose, Rovigo 45010, Italy
| | - Marco Macis
- Fresenius Kabi iPSUM, via San Leonardo 23, Villadose, Rovigo 45010, Italy
| | - Alberto Cavazzini
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, Ferrara 44121, Italy; Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, via della Navicella 2/4, Rome 00184, Italy
| | - Martina Catani
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, Ferrara 44121, Italy.
| | - Antonio Ricci
- Fresenius Kabi iPSUM, via San Leonardo 23, Villadose, Rovigo 45010, Italy.
| | - Walter Cabri
- Fresenius Kabi iPSUM, via San Leonardo 23, Villadose, Rovigo 45010, Italy; Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via F. Selmi 2, Bologna, Italy
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2
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Felletti S, Spedicato M, Bozza D, De Luca C, Presini F, Giovannini PP, Carraro M, Macis M, Cavazzini A, Catani M, Ricci A, Cabri W. Dimethyl carbonate as a green alternative to acetonitrile in reversed-phase liquid chromatography. Part I: Separation of small molecules. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1712:464477. [PMID: 37944433 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, environmental problems are drawing the attention of governments and international organisations, which are therefore encouraging the transition to green industrial processes and approaches. In this context, chemists can help indicate a suitable direction. Beside the efforts focused on greening synthetic approaches, currently also analytical techniques and separations are under observation, especially those employing large volumes of organic solvents, such as reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC). Acetonitrile has always been considered the best performing organic modifier for RPLC applications, due to its chemical features (complete miscibility in water, UV transparency, low viscosity etc); nevertheless, it suffers of severe shortcomings, and most importantly, it does not fully comply with Environmental, Health and Safety (EHS) requirements. For these reasons, alternative greener solvents are being investigated, especially easily available alcohols. In this work, chromatographic performance of the most common solvents used in reversed-phase chromatography, i.e., acetonitrile, ethanol and isopropanol, have been compared to a scarcely used solvent, dimethyl carbonate (DMC). The analytes of interest were two small molecules, caffeine and paracetamol, whose kinetics and retention behaviour obtained with the four solvents have been compared, and all contributions to band broadening have been assessed. Results about kinetic performance are very promising, indicating that a small amount (7 % v/v) of DMC is able to produce the same efficiency as a 2.5-times larger ACN volume (18 % v/v), and larger efficiency than alcohols. This paper reports, for the first time, fundamental studies concerning the mass transfer phenomena when DMC is used as an organic solvent in RPLC, and, together with the companion paper, represents the results of a research whose final aim was to discover whether DMC is suitable for chromatographic applications both in linear and preparative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Felletti
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, Ferrara 44121, Italy
| | - Matteo Spedicato
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, Ferrara 44121, Italy
| | - Desiree Bozza
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, Ferrara 44121, Italy
| | - Chiara De Luca
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, Ferrara 44121, Italy
| | - Francesco Presini
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, Ferrara 44121, Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Giovannini
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, Ferrara 44121, Italy
| | - Marco Carraro
- Fresenius Kabi iPSUM, via San Leonardo 23, Villadose, Rovigo 45010, Italy
| | - Marco Macis
- Fresenius Kabi iPSUM, via San Leonardo 23, Villadose, Rovigo 45010, Italy
| | - Alberto Cavazzini
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, Ferrara 44121, Italy; Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, via della Navicella 2/4, Rome 00184, Italy
| | - Martina Catani
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, Ferrara 44121, Italy.
| | - Antonio Ricci
- Fresenius Kabi iPSUM, via San Leonardo 23, Villadose, Rovigo 45010, Italy.
| | - Walter Cabri
- Fresenius Kabi iPSUM, via San Leonardo 23, Villadose, Rovigo 45010, Italy; Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via F. Selmi 2, Bologna, Italy
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3
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Venturi V, Presini F, Trapella C, Bortolini O, Giovannini PP, Lerin LA. Microwave-assisted enzymatic synthesis of geraniol esters in solvent-free systems: optimization of the reaction parameters, purification and characterization of the products, and biocatalyst reuse. Mol Divers 2023:10.1007/s11030-023-10682-y. [PMID: 37368203 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-023-10682-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Various geraniol esters act as insect pheromones and display pharmacological activities, especially as neuroprotective agents. Therefore, the search for synthetic strategies alternative to traditional chemical synthesis could help designing ecofriendly routes for the preparation of such bioactive compounds. Hence, this work aims at the microwave-assisted enzymatic synthesis of geranyl esters in solvent-free systems. The process variables were optimized for the synthesis of geranyl acetoacetate, achieving 85% conversion after 60 min using a 1:5 substrates molar ratio (ester to geraniol), 80 °C and 8.4% of Lipozyme 435 lipase without removal of the co-produced methanol. On the other hand, a 95% conversion was reached after 30 min using 1:6 substrates molar ratio, 70 °C and 7% lipase in the presence of 5Å molecular sieves for the methanol capture. In addition, the lipase showed good reusability, maintaining the same activity for five reaction cycles. Finally, under the above optimized conditions, other geraniol esters were successfully synthetized such as the geranyl butyrate (98%), geranyl hexanoate (99%), geranyl octanoate (98%), and geranyl (R)-3-hydroxybutyrate (56%). These results demonstrate the microwave-assisted lipase-catalyzed transesterification in a solvent-free system as an excellent and sustainable catalytic methodology to produce geraniol esters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Venturi
- Department of Environment and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara - UNIFE, Via Luigi Borsari, 46, Ferrara, 44121, Italy
| | - Francesco Presini
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara - UNIFE, Via Luigi Borsari, 46, Ferrara, 44121, Italy
| | - Claudio Trapella
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara - UNIFE, Via Luigi Borsari, 46, Ferrara, 44121, Italy
| | - Olga Bortolini
- Department of Environment and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara - UNIFE, Via Luigi Borsari, 46, Ferrara, 44121, Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Giovannini
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara - UNIFE, Via Luigi Borsari, 46, Ferrara, 44121, Italy
| | - Lindomar Alberto Lerin
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara - UNIFE, Via Luigi Borsari, 46, Ferrara, 44121, Italy.
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4
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Venturi V, Lerin LA, Presini F, Giovannini PP, Catani M, Buratti A, Marchetti N, Dilliraj LN, Aprile S. Enzymatic Synthesis of Ascorbic Acid-Ketone Body Hybrids. Catalysts 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13040691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular hybrids obtained by connecting two or more bioactive molecules through a metabolizable linker are used as multi-target drugs for the therapy of multifactorial diseases. Ascorbic acid, as well as the ketone bodies acetoacetate and (R)-3-hydroxybutyrate, are bioactive molecules that have common fields of application in the treatment and prevention of neurodegenerative diseases and cardiac injuries as well. In spite of this, the preparation of ascorbic acid ketone body hybrids is uncovered by the literature. Herein, we report the lipase-catalyzed condensation of methyl acetoacetate with ascorbic acid, which affords the 6-O-acetoacetyl ascorbic acid in quantitative yield. The same approach, employing the methyl (R)-3-hydroxybutyrate in place of the methyl acetoacetate, allows the preparation of the 6-O-(R)-3-hydroxybutyryl ascorbic acid in 57% yield. A better result (90% overall yield) is achieved through the lipase-catalyzed coupling of ascorbic acid with methyl (R)-3-O-methoxymethyl-3-hydroxybutyrate followed by the cleavage of the MOM protecting group. The two novel products are fully characterized and additional information on the antioxidant activity of the new products is also given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Venturi
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari, 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Lindomar Alberto Lerin
- Department of Chemistry, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari, 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Francesco Presini
- Department of Chemistry, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari, 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Giovannini
- Department of Chemistry, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari, 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Martina Catani
- Department of Chemistry, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari, 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandro Buratti
- Department of Chemistry, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari, 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Nicola Marchetti
- Department of Chemistry, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari, 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Latha Nagamani Dilliraj
- Department of Chemistry, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari, 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Simona Aprile
- Department of Chemistry, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari, 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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5
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Giovannini PP, Müller M, Presini F, Baraldi S, Ragno D, Di Carmine G, Jacoby C, Bernacchia G, Bortolini O. A One‐Pot Two‐Step Enzymatic Pathway for the Synthesis of Enantiomerically Enriched Vicinal Diols. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202001542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pier Paolo Giovannini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche Università degli studi di Ferrara Via Luigi Borsari 46 44121 Ferrara Italy
| | - Michel Müller
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Albertstrasse 25 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Francesco Presini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche Università degli studi di Ferrara Via Luigi Borsari 46 44121 Ferrara Italy
| | - Serena Baraldi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche Università degli studi di Ferrara Via Luigi Borsari 46 44121 Ferrara Italy
| | - Daniele Ragno
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche Università degli studi di Ferrara Via Luigi Borsari 46 44121 Ferrara Italy
| | - Graziano Di Carmine
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche Università degli studi di Ferrara Via Luigi Borsari 46 44121 Ferrara Italy
| | - Christian Jacoby
- Microbiology Faculty of Biology Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Schänzlestr. 1 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Giovanni Bernacchia
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biotecnologie Università degli studi di Ferrara Via Luigi Borsari 46 44121 Ferrara Italy
| | - Olga Bortolini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche Università degli studi di Ferrara Via Luigi Borsari 46 44121 Ferrara Italy
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6
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Ragno D, Di Carmine G, Brandolese A, Bortolini O, Giovannini PP, Fantin G, Bertoldo M, Massi A. Oxidative NHC-Catalysis as Organocatalytic Platform for the Synthesis of Polyester Oligomers by Step-Growth Polymerization. Chemistry 2019; 25:14701-14710. [PMID: 31486558 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The application of N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalysis to the polycondensation of diols and dialdehydes under oxidative conditions is herein presented for the synthesis of polyesters using fossil-based (ethylene glycol, phthalaldehydes) and bio-based (furan derivatives, glycerol, isosorbide) monomers. The catalytic dimethyl triazolium/1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene couple and stoichiometric quinone oxidant afforded polyester oligomers with a number-average molecular weight (Mn ) in the range of 1.5-7.8 kg mol-1 as determined by NMR analysis. The synthesis of a higher molecular weight polyester (polyethylene terephthalate, PET) by an NHC-promoted two-step procedure via oligoester intermediates is also illustrated together with the catalyst-controlled preparation of cross-linked or linear polyesters derived from the trifunctional glycerol. The thermal properties (TGA and DSC analyses) of the synthesized oligoesters are also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Ragno
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutica Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari, 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Graziano Di Carmine
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutica Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari, 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Arianna Brandolese
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutica Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari, 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Olga Bortolini
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutica Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari, 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Giovannini
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutica Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari, 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Fantin
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutica Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari, 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Monica Bertoldo
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via P. Gobetti, 101-40129, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandro Massi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutica Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari, 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
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7
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Brandolese A, Ragno D, Di Carmine G, Bernardi T, Bortolini O, Giovannini PP, Pandoli OG, Altomare A, Massi A. Aerobic oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural to 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furancarboxylic acid and its derivatives by heterogeneous NHC-catalysis. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 16:8955-8964. [PMID: 30403257 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob02425a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The application of the oxidative system composed of a heterogeneous triazolium pre-catalyst, iron(ii) phthalocyanine and air is described for the selective conversion of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) into the added-value 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furancarboxylic acid (HMFCA). The disclosed one-pot two-step procedure involved sequential oxidative esterifications of HMF to afford a polyester oligomer having hydroxyl and carboxyl terminal groups (Mw = 389-1258), which in turn was hydrolyzed by a supported base (Ambersep 900 OH) to yield HMFCA in 87% overall yield. The same strategy was adopted for the effective synthesis of ester and amide derivatives of HMFCA by nucleophilic depolymerization of the oligomeric intermediate with methanol and butylamine, respectively. The utilization of the disclosed oxidative system for the direct conversion of HMF and furfural into their corresponding ester, amide, and thioester derivatives is also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Brandolese
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari, 46, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy.
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8
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Baraldi S, Fantin G, Di Carmine G, Ragno D, Brandolese A, Massi A, Bortolini O, Marchetti N, Giovannini PP. Enzymatic synthesis of biobased aliphatic–aromatic oligoesters using 5,5′-bis(hydroxymethyl)furoin as a building block. RSC Adv 2019; 9:29044-29050. [PMID: 35528403 PMCID: PMC9071804 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra06621g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
5,5′-Dihydroxymethyl furoin (DHMF) is a novel biobased difuranic polyol scaffold, achievable from the benzoin condensation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), which has recently been employed as a monomer for the preparation of cross-linked polyesters and polyurethane. Its upgrading by means of enzymatic reactions has not yet been reported. Here we demonstrated that Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB) is a suitable biocatalyst for the selective esterification of the primary hydroxyl groups of DHMF. Exploiting this enzymatic activity, DHMF has been reacted with the diethyl esters of succinic and sebacic acids obtaining fully biobased linear oligoesters with number-average molecular weight around 1000 g mol−1 and free hydroxyl groups on the polymer backbone. The structures of the DHMF-diacid ethyl ester dimers and of the oligomers were elucidated by NMR and MS analyses. Fully bio-based linear oligoesters were obtained by the unprecedented enzymatic polymerization of 5,5′-bis(hydroxymethyl)furoin with succinic and sebacic acid diethyl esters.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Baraldi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of Ferrara
- I-44121 Ferrara
- Italy
| | - Giancarlo Fantin
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of Ferrara
- I-44121 Ferrara
- Italy
| | - Graziano Di Carmine
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of Ferrara
- I-44121 Ferrara
- Italy
| | - Daniele Ragno
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of Ferrara
- I-44121 Ferrara
- Italy
| | - Arianna Brandolese
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of Ferrara
- I-44121 Ferrara
- Italy
| | - Alessandro Massi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of Ferrara
- I-44121 Ferrara
- Italy
| | - Olga Bortolini
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of Ferrara
- I-44121 Ferrara
- Italy
| | - Nicola Marchetti
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of Ferrara
- I-44121 Ferrara
- Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Giovannini
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of Ferrara
- I-44121 Ferrara
- Italy
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9
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Di Carmine G, Bortolini O, Massi A, Müller M, Bernacchia G, Fantin G, Ragno D, Giovannini PP. Enzymatic Cross‐Benzoin‐Type Condensation of Aliphatic Aldehydes: Enantioselective Synthesis of 1‐Alkyl‐1‐hydroxypropan‐2‐ones and 1‐Alkyl‐1‐hydroxybutan‐2‐ones. Adv Synth Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201800357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Graziano Di Carmine
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e FarmaceuticheUniversità di Ferrara Via Fossato di Mortara 17 44121 Ferrara Italy
| | - Olga Bortolini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e FarmaceuticheUniversità di Ferrara Via Fossato di Mortara 17 44121 Ferrara Italy
| | - Alessandro Massi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e FarmaceuticheUniversità di Ferrara Via Fossato di Mortara 17 44121 Ferrara Italy
| | - Michael Müller
- Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesAlbert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Albertstrasse 25 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Giovanni Bernacchia
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e BiotecnologieUniversità di Ferrara Via L. Borsari 46 44121 Ferrara Italy
| | - Giancarlo Fantin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e FarmaceuticheUniversità di Ferrara Via Fossato di Mortara 17 44121 Ferrara Italy
| | - Daniele Ragno
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e FarmaceuticheUniversità di Ferrara Via Fossato di Mortara 17 44121 Ferrara Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Giovannini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e FarmaceuticheUniversità di Ferrara Via Fossato di Mortara 17 44121 Ferrara Italy
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10
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Pereira GN, Holz JP, Giovannini PP, Oliveira JV, de Oliveira D, Lerin LA. Enzymatic esterification for the synthesis of butyl stearate and ethyl stearate. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2018.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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11
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Di Carmine G, Ragno D, Bortolini O, Giovannini PP, Mazzanti A, Massi A, Fogagnolo M. Enantioselective Dearomatization of Alkylpyridiniums by N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Catalyzed Nucleophilic Acylation. J Org Chem 2018; 83:2050-2057. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Graziano Di Carmine
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Ferrara, Via L. Borsari, 46, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Daniele Ragno
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Ferrara, Via L. Borsari, 46, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Olga Bortolini
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Ferrara, Via L. Borsari, 46, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Giovannini
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Ferrara, Via L. Borsari, 46, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Andrea Mazzanti
- Dipartimento
di Chimica Industriale “Toso Montanari”, Università di Bologna, V. Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandro Massi
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Ferrara, Via L. Borsari, 46, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Marco Fogagnolo
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Ferrara, Via L. Borsari, 46, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
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12
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Ragno D, Brandolese A, Urbani D, Di Carmine G, De Risi C, Bortolini O, Giovannini PP, Massi A. Esterification of glycerol and solketal by oxidative NHC-catalysis under heterogeneous batch and flow conditions. REACT CHEM ENG 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8re00143j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Heterogeneous NHC-catalysis in batch and flow modes is an effective synthetic platform for the production of monoacylglycerols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Ragno
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of Ferrara
- I-44121 Ferrara
- Italy
| | - Arianna Brandolese
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of Ferrara
- I-44121 Ferrara
- Italy
| | - Daniele Urbani
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of Ferrara
- I-44121 Ferrara
- Italy
| | - Graziano Di Carmine
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of Ferrara
- I-44121 Ferrara
- Italy
| | - Carmela De Risi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of Ferrara
- I-44121 Ferrara
- Italy
| | - Olga Bortolini
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of Ferrara
- I-44121 Ferrara
- Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Giovannini
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of Ferrara
- I-44121 Ferrara
- Italy
| | - Alessandro Massi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of Ferrara
- I-44121 Ferrara
- Italy
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13
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Ragno D, Di Carmine G, Brandolese A, Bortolini O, Giovannini PP, Massi A. Immobilization of Privileged Triazolium Carbene Catalyst for Batch and Flow Stereoselective Umpolung Processes. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b02164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Ragno
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari, 46, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Graziano Di Carmine
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari, 46, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Arianna Brandolese
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari, 46, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Olga Bortolini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari, 46, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Giovannini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari, 46, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandro Massi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari, 46, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
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14
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Zaghi A, Ragno D, Di Carmine G, De Risi C, Bortolini O, Giovannini PP, Fantin G, Massi A. Electron-transfer-initiated benzoin- and Stetter-like reactions in packed-bed reactors for process intensification. Beilstein J Org Chem 2017; 12:2719-2730. [PMID: 28144342 PMCID: PMC5238549 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.12.268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A convenient heterogeneous continuous-flow procedure for the polarity reversal of aromatic α-diketones is presented. Propaedeutic batch experiments have been initially performed to select the optimal supported base capable to initiate the two electron-transfer process from the carbamoyl anion of the N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) solvent to the α-diketone and generate the corresponding enediolate active species. After having identified the 2-tert-butylimino-2-diethylamino-1,3-dimethylperhydro-1,3,2-diazaphosphorine on polystyrene (PS-BEMP) as the suitable base, packed-bed microreactors (pressure-resistant stainless-steel columns) have been fabricated and operated to accomplish the chemoselective synthesis of aroylated α-hydroxy ketones and 2-benzoyl-1,4-diones (benzoin- and Stetter-like products, respectively) with a good level of efficiency and with a long-term stability of the packing material (up to five days).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Zaghi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Daniele Ragno
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Graziano Di Carmine
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Carmela De Risi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Olga Bortolini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Giovannini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Fantin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandro Massi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
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15
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Di Carmine G, Ragno D, De Risi C, Bortolini O, Giovannini PP, Fantin G, Massi A. Synthesis of functionalized imidazolidine-2-thiones via NHC/base-promoted aza-benzoin/aza-acetalization domino reactions. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:8788-8801. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob02259j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Benzylidene thioureas were generated in situ from α-sulfonylamines and used as novel umpolung acceptors in aza-benzoin/aza-acetalization domino reactions giving 5-hydroxy-imidazolidine-2-thiones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziano Di Carmine
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche
- Università di Ferrara
- I-44121 Ferrara
- Italy
| | - Daniele Ragno
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche
- Università di Ferrara
- I-44121 Ferrara
- Italy
| | - Carmela De Risi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche
- Università di Ferrara
- I-44121 Ferrara
- Italy
| | - Olga Bortolini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche
- Università di Ferrara
- I-44121 Ferrara
- Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Giovannini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche
- Università di Ferrara
- I-44121 Ferrara
- Italy
| | - Giancarlo Fantin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche
- Università di Ferrara
- I-44121 Ferrara
- Italy
| | - Alessandro Massi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche
- Università di Ferrara
- I-44121 Ferrara
- Italy
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16
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Donvito A, Fantin G, Fogagnolo M, Giovannini PP, Scoponi M. Novel tri- and tetrafunctional cholic acid-based initiators for the synthesis of star-shaped poly(L-lactide)s. Des Monomers Polym 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/15685551.2016.1187437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Adelaide Donvito
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Fantin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Marco Fogagnolo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Giovannini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Marco Scoponi
- ISOF-CNR, sez. c/o Dip.to di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche dell’Università di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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17
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Giovannini PP, Lerin LA, Müller M, Bernacchia G, Bastiani MD, Catani M, Di Carmine G, Massi A. (S
)-Selectivity in Phenylacetyl Carbinol Synthesis Using the Wild-Type Enzyme Acetoin:Dichlorophenolindophenol Oxidoreductase from Bacillus licheniformis. Adv Synth Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201600359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pier Paolo Giovannini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche; Università di Ferrara; Via Fossato di Mortara 17 I-44121 Ferrara Italy
| | - Lindomar Alberto Lerin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche; Università di Ferrara; Via Fossato di Mortara 17 I-44121 Ferrara Italy
| | - Michael Müller
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg; Albertstrasse 25 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Giovanni Bernacchia
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biotecnologie; Università di Ferrara; Via L. Borsari 46 I-44121 Ferrara Italy
| | - Morena De Bastiani
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biotecnologie; Università di Ferrara; Via L. Borsari 46 I-44121 Ferrara Italy
| | - Martina Catani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche; Università di Ferrara; Via Fossato di Mortara 17 I-44121 Ferrara Italy
| | - Graziano Di Carmine
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche; Università di Ferrara; Via Fossato di Mortara 17 I-44121 Ferrara Italy
| | - Alessandro Massi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche; Università di Ferrara; Via Fossato di Mortara 17 I-44121 Ferrara Italy
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18
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Giovannini PP, Bortolini O, Massi A. Thiamine-Diphosphate-Dependent Enzymes as Catalytic Tools for the Asymmetric Benzoin-Type Reaction. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201600228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pier Paolo Giovannini
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Ferrara; 17, Via Fossato di Mortara 44121 Ferrara Italy
| | - Olga Bortolini
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Ferrara; 17, Via Fossato di Mortara 44121 Ferrara Italy
| | - Alessandro Massi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Ferrara; 17, Via Fossato di Mortara 44121 Ferrara Italy
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19
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Ragno D, Zaghi A, Di Carmine G, Giovannini PP, Bortolini O, Fogagnolo M, Molinari A, Venturini A, Massi A. Cross-benzoin and Stetter-type reactions mediated by KOtBu-DMF via an electron-transfer process. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:9823-9835. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob01868h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The KOtBu-DMF system promotes benzoin- and Stetter-like reactions of alpha-diketone donors through a double electron-transfer-based mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Ragno
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences - University of Ferrara
- I-44121 Ferrara
- Italy
| | - Anna Zaghi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences - University of Ferrara
- I-44121 Ferrara
- Italy
| | - Graziano Di Carmine
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences - University of Ferrara
- I-44121 Ferrara
- Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Giovannini
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences - University of Ferrara
- I-44121 Ferrara
- Italy
| | - Olga Bortolini
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences - University of Ferrara
- I-44121 Ferrara
- Italy
| | - Marco Fogagnolo
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences - University of Ferrara
- I-44121 Ferrara
- Italy
| | - Alessandra Molinari
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences - University of Ferrara
- I-44121 Ferrara
- Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Massi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences - University of Ferrara
- I-44121 Ferrara
- Italy
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20
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Bernacchia G, Bortolini O, De Bastiani M, Lerin LA, Loschonsky S, Massi A, Müller M, Giovannini PP. Enzymatic Chemoselective Aldehyde-Ketone Cross-Couplings through the Polarity Reversal of Methylacetoin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:7171-5. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201502102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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21
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Bernacchia G, Bortolini O, De Bastiani M, Lerin LA, Loschonsky S, Massi A, Müller M, Giovannini PP. Enzymatic Chemoselective Aldehyde-Ketone Cross-Couplings through the Polarity Reversal of Methylacetoin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201502102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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22
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Ragno D, Bortolini O, Fantin G, Fogagnolo M, Giovannini PP, Massi A. Nucleophilic and Electrophilic Double Aroylation of Chalcones with Benzils Promoted by the Dimsyl Anion as a Route to All Carbon Tetrasubstituted Olefins. J Org Chem 2015; 80:1937-45. [DOI: 10.1021/jo502582e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Ragno
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche
e Farmaceutiche, Università di Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17-27, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Olga Bortolini
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche
e Farmaceutiche, Università di Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17-27, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Fantin
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche
e Farmaceutiche, Università di Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17-27, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Marco Fogagnolo
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche
e Farmaceutiche, Università di Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17-27, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Giovannini
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche
e Farmaceutiche, Università di Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17-27, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandro Massi
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche
e Farmaceutiche, Università di Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17-27, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
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23
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Loschonsky S, Wacker T, Waltzer S, Giovannini PP, McLeish MJ, Andrade SLA, Müller M. Extended Reaction Scope of Thiamine Diphosphate Dependent Cyclohexane-1,2-dione Hydrolase: From CC Bond Cleavage to CC Bond Ligation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:14402-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201408287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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24
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Loschonsky S, Wacker T, Waltzer S, Giovannini PP, McLeish MJ, Andrade SLA, Müller M. Extended Reaction Scope of Thiamine Diphosphate Dependent Cyclohexane-1,2-dione Hydrolase: From CC Bond Cleavage to CC Bond Ligation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201408287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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25
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Bortolini O, Chiappe C, Fogagnolo M, Giovannini PP, Massi A, Pomelli CS, Ragno D. An insight into the mechanism of the aerobic oxidation of aldehydes catalyzed by N-heterocyclic carbenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:2008-11. [PMID: 24413829 DOI: 10.1039/c3cc48929a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
N-Heterocyclic carbene catalysis for the aerobic oxidation and esterification of aromatic aldehydes was monitored by ESI-MS (MS/MS) and the key intermediates were intercepted and characterized using the charge-tag strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Bortolini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
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26
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Abstract
Four novel cyclotriphosphazene bile acid derivatives (1 - 4) were prepared starting from hexakis[4- (chloromethyl)phenoxy]cyclotriphosphazene (8) as the scaffold. The structures of the compounds were defined by elemental analysis, IR and 1H, 13C and 31P NMR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giancarlo Fantin
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Ferrara, Via Borsari 46, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Marco Fogagnolo
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Ferrara, Via Borsari 46, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Giovannini
- Dipartimento di Biologia ed Evoluzione, Università di Ferrara, C.so Ercole I d’Este, 32, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
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27
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Ragno D, Bortolini O, Giovannini PP, Massi A, Pacifico S, Zaghi A. One-pot, two-step desymmetrization of symmetrical benzils catalyzed by the methylsulfinyl (dimsyl) anion. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:5733-44. [PMID: 24967946 DOI: 10.1039/c4ob00759j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Symmetrical-to-unsymmetrical benzil conversion is realized by a one-pot two-step procedure involving a chemoselective cross-benzoin reaction followed by microwave-assisted oxidation of the benzoylated benzoin intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Ragno
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche
- Laboratorio di Chimica Organica
- 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Olga Bortolini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche
- Laboratorio di Chimica Organica
- 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Giovannini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche
- Laboratorio di Chimica Organica
- 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandro Massi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche
- Laboratorio di Chimica Organica
- 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Salvatore Pacifico
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche
- Laboratorio di Chimica Organica
- 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Anna Zaghi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche
- Laboratorio di Chimica Organica
- 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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28
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Costa S, Giovannini PP, Fantin G, Medici A, Pedrini P. New 9,10-Secosteroids from Biotransformations of Bile Acids withRhodococcus ruber. Helv Chim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201300114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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29
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Bortolini O, Fantin G, Ferretti V, Fogagnolo M, Giovannini PP, Massi A, Pacifico S, Ragno D. Methylsulfinyl (Dimsyl) Anion as Umpolung Catalyst for the Chemoselective Cross-Benzoin Reaction of α-Diketones with Aldehydes. Adv Synth Catal 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201300652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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30
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Moreno Rueda MG, Guerrini A, Giovannini PP, Medici A, Grandini A, Sacchetti G, Pedrini P. Biotransformations of Terpenes by Fungi from AmazonianCitrusPlants. Chem Biodivers 2013; 10:1909-19. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201300112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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31
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Costa S, Giovannini PP, Fantin G, Medici A, Pedrini P. New 9,10-Secosteroids from Biotransformations of Hyodeoxycholic Acid withRhodococcusspp. Helv Chim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201200330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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32
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Bortolini O, Cavazzini A, Giovannini PP, Greco R, Marchetti N, Massi A, Pasti L. A combined kinetic and thermodynamic approach for the interpretation of continuous-flow heterogeneous catalytic processes. Chemistry 2013; 19:7802-8. [PMID: 23589216 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201300181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The heterogeneous proline-catalyzed aldol reaction was investigated under continuous-flow conditions by means of a packed-bed microreactor. Reaction-progress kinetic analysis (RPKA) was used in combination with nonlinear chromatography for the interpretation, under synthetically relevant conditions, of important mechanistic aspects of the heterogeneous catalytic process at a molecular level. The information gathered by RPKA and nonlinear chromatography proved to be highly complementary and allowed for the assessment of optimal operating variables. In particular, the determination of the rate-determining step was pivotal for optimizing the feed composition. On the other hand, the competitive product inhibition was responsible for the unexpected decrease in the reaction yield following an apparently obvious variation in the feed composition. The study was facilitated by a suitable 2D instrumental arrangement for simultaneous flow reaction and online flow-injection analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Bortolini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Laboratorio di Chimica Organica, Università di Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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33
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Bortolini O, Giovannini PP, Maietti S, Massi A, Pedrini P, Sacchetti G, Venturi V. An enzymatic approach to the synthesis of optically pure (3R)- and (3S)-enantiomers of green tea flavor compound 3-hydroxy-3-methylnonane-2,4-dione. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2012.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Antognoni F, Iannello C, Mandrone M, Scognamiglio M, Fiorentino A, Giovannini PP, Poli F. Elicited Teucrium chamaedrys cell cultures produce high amounts of teucrioside, but not the hepatotoxic neo-clerodane diterpenoids. Phytochemistry 2012; 81:50-59. [PMID: 22769437 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2012.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Revised: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 05/23/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Teucrium chamaedrys, one of the most common and investigated species of the genus Teucrium, has been used for centuries in traditional medicine for many purposes. Its phytochemical components comprise, among others, phenylethanoid glycosides (PGs) and neo-clerodane diterpenoids. Several reports have demonstrated a wide range of beneficial biological and pharmacological activities of the phenylethanoid components, while the diterpenes were shown to be strongly hepatotoxic. In this work, in vitro cultures were established from leaf explants of T. chamaedrys. Both solid (callus) and liquid (cell suspension) cultures maintained the capacity to produce PGs, with teucrioside (TS) representing the most abundant one. Cell suspensions had a lower TS content than that found in leaf extracts, but higher than that of calli. An NMR-based metabolomics approach was used to compare the product profile of intact plants vs. cell suspension cultures, and results showed that neo-clerodane diterpenes, present in the intact plant, were not detected in cell cultures. Several elicitors were supplied to cell cultures with the aim of increasing TS production, and elicitation was tested at different growth phases and by exposing cells for different periods. Methyl jasmonate and fungal mycelia from Trichoderma viridae and Fusarium moniliforme were able to significantly increase TS production if supplied at the early-exponential growth phase for 24h. Based on the proposed link between proline and the phenylpropanoid pathways, proline accumulation in cell cultures was followed throughout a 14-day culture period, showing that it strictly reflected that of TS production. Moreover, exogenously supplied proline, and its analogue hydroxyproline, turned out to be very effective in increasing teucrioside production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Antognoni
- Dipartimento di Biologia Evoluzionistica Sperimentale, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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Bertolasi V, Bortolini O, Donvito A, Fantin G, Fogagnolo M, Giovannini PP, Massi A, Pacifico S. Unexpected reactivity of diaryl α-diketones with thiazolium carbenes: discovery of a novel multicomponent reaction for the facile synthesis of 1,4-thiazin-3-ones. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:6579-86. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob25928a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Bortolini O, Fantin G, Fogagnolo M, Giovannini PP, Massi A, Pacifico S. Thiazolium-catalyzed intermolecular Stetter reaction of linear and cyclic alkyl α-diketones. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:8437-44. [PMID: 22027902 DOI: 10.1039/c1ob06480k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An efficient method for the N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-catalyzed conjugate addition of acetyl anions to various α,β-unsaturated acceptors (Stetter reaction) has been optimized by using 2,3-butandione (biacetyl) as an alternative surrogate of acetaldehyde. The disclosed procedure proved to be compatible with microwave dielectric heating for reaction time reduction and with the use of different linear α-diketones as acyl anion donors (e.g. 3,4-hexanedione for propionyl anion additions). Moreover, the unprecedented umpolung reactivity of cyclic α-diketones in the atom economic nucleophilic acylation of chalcones is herein presented. Mechanistic aspects of the thiazolium-based catalysis involving linear and cyclic α-diketone substrates are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Bortolini
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Laboratorio di Chimica Organica, Università di Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, I-44121, Ferrara, Italy
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Bortolini O, Fantin G, Fogagnolo M, Giovannini PP, Venturi V, Pacifico S, Massi A. α-Diketones as acyl anion equivalents: a non-enzymatic thiamine-promoted route to aldehyde–ketone coupling in PEG400 as recyclable medium. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.08.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Giovannini PP, Mantovani M, Grandini A, Medici A, Pedrini P. New acetoin reductases from Bacillus stearothermophilus: meso- and 2R,3R-butanediol as fermentation products. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2010.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Massi A, Cavazzini A, Zoppo LD, Pandoli O, Costa V, Pasti L, Giovannini PP. Toward the optimization of continuous-flow aldol and α-amination reactions by means of proline-functionalized silicon packed-bed microreactors. Tetrahedron Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2010.11.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Giovannini PP, Fantin G, Massi A, Venturi V, Pedrini P. Enzymatic diastereo- and enantioselective synthesis of α-alkyl-α,β-dihydroxyketones. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:8038-45. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ob05928a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Giovannini PP, Pedrini P, Venturi V, Fantin G, Medici A. Bacillus stearothermophilus acetylacetoin synthase: A new catalyst for C–C bond formation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2010.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Bortolini O, Fantin G, Ferretti V, Fogagnolo M, Paolo Giovannini P, Medici A. Relative acidity scale of bile acids through ESI-MS measurements. Org Biomol Chem 2010; 8:3674-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c003137b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Giovannini PP, Grandini A, Perrone D, Pedrini P, Fantin G, Fogagnolo M. 7alpha- and 12alpha-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases from Acinetobacter calcoaceticus lwoffii: a new integrated chemo-enzymatic route to ursodeoxycholic acid. Steroids 2008; 73:1385-90. [PMID: 18674553 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2008.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2008] [Revised: 06/13/2008] [Accepted: 06/26/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We report the very efficient biotransformation of cholic acid to 7-keto- and 7,12-diketocholic acids with Acinetobacter calcoaceticus lwoffii. The enzymes responsible of the biotransformation (i.e. 7alpha- and 12alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases) are partially purified and employed in a new chemo-enzymatic synthesis of ursodeoxycholic acid starting from cholic acid. The first step is the 12alpha-HSDH-mediated total oxidation of sodium cholate followed by the Wolf-Kishner reduction of the carbonyl group to chenodeoxycholic acid. This acid is then quantitatively oxidized with 7alpha-HSDH to 7-ketochenodeoxycholic acid, that was chemically reduced to ursodeoxycholic acid (70% overall yield).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pier Paolo Giovannini
- Dipartimento di Biologia ed Evoluzione, Università di Ferrara, C.so Ercole I d'Este 32, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy
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Pedrini P, Giovannini PP, Mantovani M, Medici A, Andreotti E. Endophytic fungi in enantioselective oxido-reduction. J Biotechnol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2008.07.890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Fantin G, Giovannini PP, Guerrini A, Maietti S, Medici A, Pedrini P. Enantioselective Baeyer–Villiger Oxidation of Bicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-en-6-One with Fungi: Optimization of Biotransformation and Use of TiO2 as Support of Cell Growth. Biotechnol Lett 2006; 28:805-10. [PMID: 16786245 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-006-9000-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2005] [Accepted: 02/08/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Fungi from Amazonian forest soil (Ecuador) and an Italian factory were screened for Baeyer-Villiger (BV) oxidation of bicyclo [3.2.0]hept-2-en-6-one to 2-oxabicyclo[3.3.0]oct-6-en-3-one (Corey's lactone). Isolates of Fusarium sp. and F. solani produced the (+)-(1R,5S)-lactone while isolates of Aspergillus terricola and A. amazonicus afforded the (-)-(1S,5R)-lactone. Highest conversions (85% yield and 70% enantiomeric excess) were obtained with A. amazonicus grown in presence of 2.7 mM titanium dioxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giancarlo Fantin
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy
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Pedrini P, Andreotti E, Guerrini A, Dean M, Fantin G, Giovannini PP. Xanthomonas maltophilia CBS 897.97 as a source of new 7beta- and 7alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases and cholylglycine hydrolase: improved biotransformations of bile acids. Steroids 2006; 71:189-98. [PMID: 16307764 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2005.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2005] [Revised: 10/03/2005] [Accepted: 10/07/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The paper reports the partial purification and characterization of the 7beta- and 7alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (HSDH) and cholylglycine hydrolase (CGH), isolated from Xanthomonas maltophilia CBS 897.97. The activity of 7beta-HSDH and 7alpha-HSDH in the reduction of the 7-keto bile acids is determined. The affinity of 7beta-HSDH for bile acids is confirmed by the reduction, on analytical scale, to the corresponding 7beta-OH derivatives. A crude mixture of 7alpha- and 7beta-HSDH, in soluble or immobilized form, is employed in the synthesis, on preparative scale, of ursocholic and ursodeoxycholic acids starting from the corresponding 7alpha-derivatives. On the other hand, a partially purified 7beta-HSDH in a double enzyme system, where the couple formate/formate dehydrogenase allows the cofactor recycle, affords 6alpha-fluoro-3alpha, 7beta-dihydroxy-5beta-cholan-24-oic acid (6-FUDCA) by reduction of the corresponding 7-keto derivative. This compound is not obtainable by microbiological route. The efficient and mild hydrolysis of glycinates and taurinates of bile acids with CGH is also reported. Very promising results are also obtained with bile acid containing raw materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Pedrini
- Dipartimento delle Risorse naturali e culturali, Università di Ferrara, C.so Ercole I d'Este 32, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy.
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Dondoni A, Giovannini PP, Perrone D. Cross-Metathesis of C-Allyl Iminosugars with Alkenyl Oxazolidines as a Key Step in the Synthesis of C-Iminoglycosyl α-Amino Acids.1 A Route to Iminosugar Containing C-Glycopeptides. J Org Chem 2005; 70:5508-18. [PMID: 15989332 DOI: 10.1021/jo050494o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
[structures: see text] A general access to a novel class of sugar alpha-amino acids composed of iminofuranose and iminopyranose residues anomerically linked to the glycinyl group through an alkyl chain is described. A set of eight compounds was prepared by the same reaction sequence involving as an initial step the Grubbs Ru-carbene-catalyzed cross-metathesis (CM) of various N-Cbz-protected allyl C-iminoglycosides with N-Boc-vinyl- and N-Boc-allyloxazolidine. The isolated yields of the CM products (mixtures of E- and Z-alkenes) varied in the range 40-70%. Each mixture was elaborated by first reducing the carbon-carbon double bond using in situ generated diimide and then unveiling the N-Boc glycinyl group [CH(BocNH)CO2H] by oxidative cleavage of the oxazolidine ring by the Jones reagent. All amino acids were characterized as their methyl esters. The insertion of a model C-iminoglycosyl-2-aminopentanoic acid into a tripeptide via sequential carboxylic and amino group coupling with L-phenylalanine derivatives was carried out as a demonstration of the potential of these sugar amino acids in designed glycopeptide synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Dondoni
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Laboratorio di Chimica Organica, Università di Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44100-Ferrara, Italy.
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Abstract
The 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of C-glycosyl nitrile oxides and acetylenes to an alkyne and an azide, respectively, bearing a masked glycinyl moiety furnished disubstituted isoxazoles and triazoles. Unveiling the glycinyl group in these cycloadducts afforded C-glycosyl alpha-amino acids in which the two bioactive entities were tethered through rigid five-membered heterocycles. Optimized entries to the same compounds involved the use of unmasked but protected alkyne- and azide-containing amino acids as the partners of 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Dondoni
- Laboratorio di Chimica Organica, Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy.
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Dondoni A, Giovannini PP, Perrone D. New synthesis of pyrrolidine homoazasugars via aminohomologation of furanoses and their use for the stereoselective synthesis of aza-C-disaccharides. J Org Chem 2002; 67:7203-14. [PMID: 12375946 DOI: 10.1021/jo020252d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of a formyl group at the anomeric center of 2,3,5-tri-O-benzyl furanoses and substitution of the ring oxygen with a basic nitrogen atom (aminohomologation) was carried out via stereoselective addition of 2-lithiothiazole to N-benzyl, N-furanosylhydroxylamines (masked N-benzyl sugar nitrones), followed by reductive dehydroxylation of the resulting open-chain adducts, and then ring closure via intramolecular displacement of the free hydroxy group by the amino group and unmasking of the formyl group from the thiazole ring. The resulting formyl aza-C-glycosides were transformed into 2,5-dideoxy-2,5-imino-hexitols (pyrrolidine homoazasugars) by reduction of the formyl to the hydroxymethyl group and removal of the O- and N-benzyl groups by hydrogenolysis. This reaction sequence was applied to four furanoses (D-arabino, D-ribo, D-lyxo, L-xylo) to give the hydroxy- and amino-free homoazasugars, including the natural product 2,5-dideoxy-2,5-imino-D-mannitol, in 17% overall yields (six steps). The formyl aza-C-glycosides proved to be valuable intermediates for the synthesis of more complex derivatives. In fact, these sugar aldehydes were employed in Wittig-type coupling reactions with galactose and ribose phosphoranes to give bis-glycosylated alkenes, which upon reduction of the double bond were transformed into methylene isosteres of (1-->6)- and (1-->5)-linked disaccharides in which one of the two sugar moieties was an azasugar (aza-(1-->x)-C-disaccharides).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Dondoni
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Laboratorio di Chimica Organica, Università di Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44100 Ferrara, Italy.
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Dondoni A, Marra A, Mizuno M, Giovannini PP. Linear Total Synthetic Routes to β- d- C-(1,6)-Linked Oligoglucoses and Oligogalactoses up to Pentaoses by Iterative Wittig Olefination Assembly. J Org Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jo023586b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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