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Jaros SW, Sokolnicki J, Siczek M, Smoleński P. Strategy for an Effective Eco-Optimized Design of Heteroleptic Cu(I) Coordination Polymers Exhibiting Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence. Inorg Chem 2023. [PMID: 38010323 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c01908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
The new series of copper(I) coordination polymers [Cu(N-N)(μ-PTA)]n[PF6]n {N-N = dmbpy (1), bpy (2), ncup (3), and phen (4)} were generated by straightforward reaction in solution or through a mechanochemical route, of [Cu(MeCN)4][PF6] with 1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane (PTA) and the corresponding polypyridines, namely, 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine (dmbpy), 2,2'-bipyridine (bpy), 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline (ncup), and 1,10-phenanthroline (phen). The compounds were obtained as air-stable solids and fully characterized by IR, NMR spectroscopy, and elemental analyses. The molecular structures were confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis (for 1, 2, and 4), revealing infinite one-dimensional (1D) linear chains driven by μ-PTA N,P-linkers. All tested Cu(I) polymeric compounds show emission at room temperature, which was attributed to thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF). Evidence of the involvement of the excited singlet state in the emission process is presented. Comparing the photophysical properties of 1 and 2 as well as 3 and 4, of which 1 and 3 have a stiffened structure, by introducing a methyl group to one of the ligands, we demonstrate how TADF properties depend on molecular rigidity. It is shown that stiffening of the structure reduces the flattening distortion around the Cu(I) center in the 3MLCT state. As a result, the ΔE(S1-T1) energy gap becomes smaller and the fluorescence quantum yield increases without significantly extending the emission lifetime. In particular, the ΔE(S1-T1) values for complexes 1 and 3 are among the shortest reported in the scientific literature, 253 and 337 cm-1, and the TADF lifetimes are τ(300 K) = 5.7 and 4.2 μs, respectively. The fluorescence quantum yields for these complexes are measured to be ΦPL(300 K) = 70 and 80%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina W Jaros
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jerzy Sokolnicki
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Miłosz Siczek
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Piotr Smoleński
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
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2
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Yan M, Lu W, Zhang B, Liu C, Zi X, Zhang J, Qi C, Liu M, Du C. Mononuclear copper(Ⅰ) complexes with mechanochromic thermally activated delayed fluorescence behaviour based on switchable hydrogen bonds. Polyhedron 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2023.116391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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3
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Towards Optimized Photoluminescent Copper(I) Phenanthroline-Functionalized Complexes: Control of the Photophysics by Symmetry-Breaking and Spin–Orbit Coupling. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15155222. [PMID: 35955157 PMCID: PMC9369739 DOI: 10.3390/ma15155222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The electronic and structural alterations induced by the functionalization of the 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) ligand in [Cu(I) (phen-R2)2]+ complexes (R=H, CH3, tertio-butyl, alkyl-linkers) and their consequences on the luminescence properties and thermally activated delay fluorescence (TADF) activity are investigated using the density functional theory (DFT) and its time-dependent (TD) extension. It is shown that highly symmetric molecules with several potentially emissive nearly-degenerate conformers are not promising because of low S1/S0 oscillator strengths together with limited or no S1/T1 spin–orbit coupling (SOC). Furthermore, steric hindrance, which prevents the flattening of the complex upon irradiation, is a factor of instability. Alternatively, linking the phenanthroline ligands offers the possibility to block the flattening while maintaining remarkable photophysical properties. We propose here two promising complexes, with appropriate symmetry and enough rigidity to warrant stability in standard solvents. This original study paves the way for the supramolecular design of new emissive devices.
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Wang R, Wu Y, Wang J, Huang H, Wang Y, Xu S, Zhao F. Synthesis, structures, and photophysical properties of three-coordinate copper(I) complexes bearing bidentate bis[(2-diphenylphosphino)phenyl]ether (POP) ligand and monodentate substituted-quinoline ligand. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.132642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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5
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Francese T, Kundu A, Gygi F, Galli G. Quantum simulations of thermally activated delayed fluorescence in an all-organic emitter. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:10101-10113. [PMID: 35416814 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01147f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We investigate the prototypical NAI-DMAC thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitter in the gas phase- and high-packing fraction limits at finite temperature, by combining first principles molecular dynamics with a quantum thermostat to account for nuclear quantum effects (NQE). We find a weak dependence of the singlet-triplet energy gap (ΔEST) on temperature in both the solid and the molecule, and a substantial effect of packing. While the ΔEST vanishes in the perfect crystal, it is of the order of ∼0.3 eV in the molecule, with fluctuations ranging from 0.1 to 0.4 eV at 300 K. The transition probability between the HOMOs and LUMOs has a stronger dependence on temperature than the singlet-triplet gap, with a desirable effect for thermally activated fluorescence; such temperature effect is weaker in the condensed phase than in the molecule. Our results on ΔEST and oscillator strengths, together with our estimates of direct and reverse intersystem crossing rates, show that optimization of packing and geometrical conformation is critical to increase the efficiency of TADF compounds. Our findings highlight the importance of considering thermal fluctuations and NQE to obtain robust predictions of the electronic properties of NAI-DMAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Francese
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
| | - Arpan Kundu
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
| | - Francois Gygi
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Giulia Galli
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. .,Materials Science Division and Center for Molecular Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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6
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Highly phosphorescent dinuclear Cu(I) complexes with iminephosphine tetradentate chelating ligand (PNNP): Structures and luminescence properties. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2021.109011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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7
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Lecachey B, Palais L, de Courcy B, Bouauli S, Durandetti M, Oulyadi H, Harisson-Marchand A, Maddaluno J, Gérard H, Vrancken E, Campagne JM. Intertwined Analytical, Experimental and Theoretical Studies on the Formation and Structure of a Copper Dienolate. Chemistry 2021; 27:7942-7950. [PMID: 33780058 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of a silyl dienolate, a Cu(II) salt and TBAT yielding the corresponding copper dienolate is addressed. A combined NMR and cyclic voltammetry analysis first highlight the role of TBAT in the Cu(II) to Cu(I) reduction and the structure of the precatalytic species. From these first results a second set of NMR and theoretical studies enable the determination of the structure and the mechanism of formation of the copper dienolate catalytic species. Finally, we showed that that the copper catalyst promote the E/Z s-cis/s-trans equilibration of the silyl dienolate precursor through a copper dienolate intermediate. All of these results unveil some peculiarities of the catalytic and asymmetric vinylogous Mukaiyama reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laetitia Palais
- Normandie Univ., UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, Laboratoire COBRA (UMR 6014 & FR 3038), 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Benoît de Courcy
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique, LCT, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Samira Bouauli
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique, LCT, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Muriel Durandetti
- Normandie Univ., UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, Laboratoire COBRA (UMR 6014 & FR 3038), 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Hassan Oulyadi
- Normandie Univ., UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, Laboratoire COBRA (UMR 6014 & FR 3038), 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Anne Harisson-Marchand
- Normandie Univ., UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, Laboratoire COBRA (UMR 6014 & FR 3038), 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Jacques Maddaluno
- Normandie Univ., UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, Laboratoire COBRA (UMR 6014 & FR 3038), 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Hélène Gérard
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique, LCT, 75005, Paris, France
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Huang TH, Wu TC, Zhao FZ, Zheng D, Luo C, Liang GM, Zhao B. Structures, electronic and luminescent properties of Cu(I)-quinoline complex at different temperatures and its application to red light-emitting diode. Inorganica Chim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2020.120008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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9
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Zhang B, Zhang J, Sun A, Liu C, Gu M, Chen Y, Wei B, Du C. Efficiently luminescent mononuclear copper iodide complexes with sterically hindered iminephosphine chelating ligands. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj00622c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cu(i) complexes realize high luminescence properties due to steric hindrances of the ligands and synergistic heavy atom (Cu and I) effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- College of Chemistry
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Jie Zhang
- College of Chemistry
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Ahui Sun
- Microelectronic R&D Center
- School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
| | - Chunmei Liu
- College of Chemistry
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Mengsi Gu
- College of Chemistry
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Yahui Chen
- College of Chemistry
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Bin Wei
- Microelectronic R&D Center
- School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
| | - Chenxia Du
- College of Chemistry
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou
- P. R. China
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10
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Clausing ST, Morales Salazar D, Orthaber A. Preparation, photo- and electrochemical studies of a homoleptic imine-phosphaalkene Cu(I) complex. Inorganica Chim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2020.119958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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11
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Müller C, Schulz M, Obst M, Zedler L, Gräfe S, Kupfer S, Dietzek B. Role of MLCT States in the Franck-Condon Region of Neutral, Heteroleptic Cu(I)-4 H-imidazolate Complexes: A Spectroscopic and Theoretical Study. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:6607-6616. [PMID: 32701275 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c04351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The impact of the electronic structure of a series of 4H-imidazolate ligands in neutral, heteroleptic Cu(I) complexes is investigated. Remarkable broad and strong ligand-dependent absorption in the visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum renders the studied complexes promising photosensitizers for photocatalytic applications. The electronic structure of the Cu(I) complexes and the localization of photoexcited states in the Franck-Condon region are unraveled by means of UV-vis absorption and resonance Raman (rR) spectroscopy supported by time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations. The visible absorption bands stem from a superposition of bright metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) and π-π* as well as weakly absorbing MLCT states. Additionally, the analysis of involved molecular orbitals and rR spectra upon excitation of MLCT and π-π* states highlights the impact of the electronic structure of the 4H-imidazolate ligands on the properties of the corresponding Cu(I) complexes to avail a toolbox for predictive studies and efficient complex design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Müller
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany.,Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Martin Schulz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Marc Obst
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Linda Zedler
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Stefanie Gräfe
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Stephan Kupfer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Benjamin Dietzek
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany.,Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstraße 8, 07743 Jena, Germany
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12
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Giereth R, Mengele AK, Frey W, Kloß M, Steffen A, Karnahl M, Tschierlei S. Copper(I) Phosphinooxazoline Complexes: Impact of the Ligand Substitution and Steric Demand on the Electrochemical and Photophysical Properties. Chemistry 2020; 26:2675-2684. [PMID: 31747089 PMCID: PMC7065177 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of seven homoleptic CuI complexes based on hetero-bidentate P^N ligands was synthesized and comprehensively characterized. In order to study structure-property relationships, the type, size, number and configuration of substituents at the phosphinooxazoline (phox) ligands were systematically varied. To this end, a combination of X-ray diffraction, NMR spectroscopy, steady-state absorption and emission spectroscopy, time-resolved emission spectroscopy, quenching experiments and cyclic voltammetry was used to assess the photophysical and electrochemical properties. Furthermore, time-dependent density functional theory calculations were applied to also analyze the excited state structures and characteristics. Surprisingly, a strong dependency on the chirality of the respective P^N ligand was found, whereas the specific kind and size of the different substituents has only a minor impact on the properties in solution. Most importantly, all complexes except C3 are photostable in solution and show fully reversible redox processes. Sacrificial reductants were applied to demonstrate a successful electron transfer upon light irradiation. These properties render this class of photosensitizers as potential candidates for solar energy conversion issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Giereth
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Alexander K Mengele
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Frey
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Marvin Kloß
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Andreas Steffen
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Michael Karnahl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Stefanie Tschierlei
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
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