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Meng D, Xu M, Li S, Ganesan M, Ruan X, Ravi SK, Cui X. Functional MXenes: Progress and Perspectives on Synthetic Strategies and Structure-Property Interplay for Next-Generation Technologies. Small 2024; 20:e2304483. [PMID: 37730973 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202304483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
MXenes are a class of 2D materials that include layered transition metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides. Since their inception in 2011, they have garnered significant attention due to their diverse compositions, unique structures, and extraordinary properties, such as high specific surface areas and excellent electrical conductivity. This versatility has opened up immense potential in various fields, catalyzing a surge in MXene research and leading to note worthy advancements. This review offers an in-depth overview of the evolution of MXenes over the past 5 years, with an emphasis on synthetic strategies, structure-property relationships, and technological prospects. A classification scheme for MXene structures based on entropy is presented and an updated summary of the elemental constituents of the MXene family is provided, as documented in recent literature. Delving into the microscopic structure and synthesis routes, the intricate structure-property relationships are explored at the nano/micro level that dictate the macroscopic applications of MXenes. Through an extensive review of the latest representative works, the utilization of MXenes in energy, environmental, electronic, and biomedical fields is showcased, offering a glimpse into the current technological bottlenecks, such asstability, scalability, and device integration. Moreover, potential pathways for advancing MXenes toward next-generation technologies are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Depeng Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of MOE, Jilin Provincial International Cooperation Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Clean Energy Materials, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Minghua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of MOE, Jilin Provincial International Cooperation Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Clean Energy Materials, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Shijie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of MOE, Jilin Provincial International Cooperation Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Clean Energy Materials, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Muthusankar Ganesan
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, SAR, Hong Kong
| | - Xiaowen Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of MOE, Jilin Provincial International Cooperation Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Clean Energy Materials, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, SAR, Hong Kong
| | - Sai Kishore Ravi
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, SAR, Hong Kong
| | - Xiaoqiang Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of MOE, Jilin Provincial International Cooperation Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Clean Energy Materials, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
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Tian J, Zysman-Colman E, Morrison FD. Azetidinium Lead Halide Ruddlesden-Popper Phases. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216474. [PMID: 34770883 PMCID: PMC8588525 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A family of Ruddlesden–Popper (n = 1) layered perovskite-related phases, Az2PbClxBr4−x with composition 0 ≤ x ≤ 4 were obtained using mechanosynthesis. These compounds are isostructural with K2NiF4 and therefore adopt the idealised n = 1 Ruddlesden–Popper structure. A linear variation in unit cell volume as a function of anion average radius is observed. A tunable bandgap is achieved, ranging from 2.81 to 3.43 eV, and the bandgap varies in a second-order polynomial relationship with the halide composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyu Tian
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9ST, UK;
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Eli Zysman-Colman
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9ST, UK
- Correspondence: (E.Z.-C.); (F.D.M.)
| | - Finlay D. Morrison
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9ST, UK;
- Correspondence: (E.Z.-C.); (F.D.M.)
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Li Q, Zeman CJ, Ma Z, Schatz GC, Gu XW. Bright NIR-II Photoluminescence in Rod-Shaped Icosahedral Gold Nanoclusters. Small 2021; 17:e2007992. [PMID: 33620777 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202007992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fluorophores with high quantum yields, extended maximum emission wavelengths, and long photoluminescence (PL) lifetimes are still lacking for sensing and imaging applications in the second near-infrared window (NIR-II). In this work, a series of rod-shaped icosahedral nanoclusters with bright NIR-II PL, quantum yields up to ≈8%, and a peak emission wavelength of 1520 nm are reported. It is found that the bright NIR-II emission arises from a previously ignored state with near-zero oscillator strength in the ground-state geometry and the central Au atom in the nanoclusters suppresses the non-radiative transitions and enhances the overall PL efficiency. In addition, a framework is developed to analyze and relate the underlying transitions for the absorptions and the NIR-II emissions in the Au nanoclusters based on the experimentally defined absorption coefficient. Overall, this work not only shows good performance of the rod-shaped icosahedral series of Au nanoclusters as NIR-II fluorophores, but also unravels the fundamental electronic transitions and atomic-level structure-property relations for the enhancement of the NIR-II PL in gold nanoclusters. The framework developed here also provides a simple method to analyze the underlying electronic transitions in metal nanoclusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Charles J Zeman
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Zhuoran Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - George C Schatz
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - X Wendy Gu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
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Pulipati DP, Jack DA. Characterization and Model Validation for Large Format Chopped Fiber, Foamed, Composite Structures Made from Recycled Olefin Based Polymers. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1371. [PMID: 32570766 DOI: 10.3390/polym12061371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this research is to predict the material performance of large format foamed core composite structures, such as crossties or structural timbers, using only constitutive properties. These structures are fabricated from recycled post-consumer/post-industrial waste composed of High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) and Glass Filled Polypropylene (GFPP). A technical challenge in predicting the final part performance is the mathematical correlation between the microstructural variations and the macroscopic responses as a function of fiber aspect ratio, cell density, and constitutive properties of the polymer blend. The structures investigated have a dense and consolidated outer shell and a closed cell foamed core. The non-linear shell and the foamed core material properties are analyzed with micromechanics models, and the reference stress of the shell and core is predicted using a modified Rule of Mixtures model. The predicted properties are used as the inputs for a Finite Element Analysis (FEA) model, and the computational results are compared to experimental four-point bend test results for sixteen samples performed on a 120-kip compression stage. The results show that the mean of the characterized deflections from the four-point bend tests did not show any variations for an isotropic and transversely isotropic model using a linear analysis. This model was then extended to a non-linear analysis using the Ramberg–Osgood model to predict the full crosstie four-point bend test behavior. The FEA model results show a deviation of 2.45 kN compared to the experimental variation of 3.58 kN between the samples measured.
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Xu C, Xie Q, Zhang W, Xiong S, Pan C, Tang J, Yu G. A Vinylene-Bridged Conjugated Covalent Triazine Polymer as a Visible-Light-Active Photocatalyst for Degradation of Methylene Blue. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 41:e2000006. [PMID: 32096912 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The development of new photocatalytic platforms using novel semiconductor material is an important challenge. Herein, a sp2 carbon-conjugated covalent triazine polymer (sp2 c-CTP-4), featuring a vinylene bridge and extended π-conjugation, is prepared as a highly efficient photocatalyst for degradation of methylene blue. sp2 c-CTP-4 exhibits substantial semiconducting properties such as enhanced charge transfer and prolonged lifetime of carriers compared to its counterparts with CN or CC connections, likely due to its extended π-delocalization with an unencumbered CC bridge. Moreover, benefiting from its high chemical stability, the as-made catalyst can be recycled five times with good retention of photocatalytic activity. This study provides a new pathway for constructing a robust platform for efficient photocatalysis and gives insight into the structure-property relationship of conjugated polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Qiujian Xie
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Weijie Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Shaohui Xiong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Chunyue Pan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Juntao Tang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Guipeng Yu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
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Giereth R, Mengele AK, Frey W, Kloß M, Steffen A, Karnahl M, Tschierlei S. Copper(I) Phosphinooxazoline Complexes: Impact of the Ligand Substitution and Steric Demand on the Electrochemical and Photophysical Properties. Chemistry 2020; 26:2675-2684. [PMID: 31747089 PMCID: PMC7065177 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of seven homoleptic CuI complexes based on hetero-bidentate P^N ligands was synthesized and comprehensively characterized. In order to study structure-property relationships, the type, size, number and configuration of substituents at the phosphinooxazoline (phox) ligands were systematically varied. To this end, a combination of X-ray diffraction, NMR spectroscopy, steady-state absorption and emission spectroscopy, time-resolved emission spectroscopy, quenching experiments and cyclic voltammetry was used to assess the photophysical and electrochemical properties. Furthermore, time-dependent density functional theory calculations were applied to also analyze the excited state structures and characteristics. Surprisingly, a strong dependency on the chirality of the respective P^N ligand was found, whereas the specific kind and size of the different substituents has only a minor impact on the properties in solution. Most importantly, all complexes except C3 are photostable in solution and show fully reversible redox processes. Sacrificial reductants were applied to demonstrate a successful electron transfer upon light irradiation. These properties render this class of photosensitizers as potential candidates for solar energy conversion issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Giereth
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Alexander K Mengele
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Frey
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Marvin Kloß
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Andreas Steffen
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Michael Karnahl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Stefanie Tschierlei
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
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7
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Hundi P, Shahsavari R. Deep Learning to Speed up the Development of Structure-Property Relations For Hexagonal Boron Nitride and Graphene. Small 2019; 15:e1900656. [PMID: 30968576 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201900656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Structure-property maps play a key role in accelerated materials discovery. The current norm for developing these maps includes computationally expensive physics-based simulations. Here, the capabilities of deep learning agents are explored such as convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and multilayer perceptrons (MLPs) to predict structure-property relations and reduce dependence on simulations. This study contains simulated hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) microstructures damaged by various levels of radiation and temperature, with the objective to predict their residual strengths from the final atomic positions. By developing low dimensional physical descriptors to statistically describe the defects, these results show that purpose-specific microstructure representation can help in achieving a good prediction accuracy at low computational cost. Furthermore, the adaptability of the trained deep learning agents is explored to predict structure-property maps of other 2D materials using transfer learning. It is shown that in order to achieve good predictions accuracy (≈95% R2 ), an agent that is training for the first time ("learning from scratch") requires 23-45% of simulated data, whereas an agent adapting to a different material ("transfer learning") requires only about 10% or less. This suggests that transfer learning is a potential game changer in material discovery and characterization approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhas Hundi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Rouzbeh Shahsavari
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
- C-Crete Technologies LLC, Stafford, TX, 77477, USA
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8
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Driest PJ, Dijkstra DJ, Stamatialis D, Grijpma DW. The Trimerization of Isocyanate-Functionalized Prepolymers: An Effective Method for Synthesizing Well-Defined Polymer Networks. Macromol Rapid Commun 2019; 40:e1800867. [PMID: 30817042 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
For the study of polymer networks, having access to polymer networks with a controlled and well-defined microscopic network structure is of great importance. However, typically, such networks are difficult to synthesize. In this work, a simple, effective, and widely applicable method is presented for synthesizing polymer networks with a well-defined network structure. This is done by the functionalization of polymeric diols using a diisocyanate, and their subsequent trimerization. Using hexamethylene diisocyanate and hydroxyl-group-terminated poly(ε-caprolactone) and poly(ethylene glycol), it is shown that both hydrophobic and hydrophilic poly(urethane-isocyanurate) networks with a well-defined network structure can readily be synthesized. By using in situ infrared spectroscopy, it is shown that the trimerization of isocyanate endgroups is clearly the predominant reaction pathway of network formation, supporting the proposed mechanism and network structure. The resulting networks possess excellent mechanical properties in both the dry and in the wet state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piet J Driest
- Covestro Deutschland AG, CAS Global R&D, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Allee 60, 51373, Leverkusen, Germany.,Technical Medical Centre, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500, AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk J Dijkstra
- Covestro Deutschland AG, CAS Global R&D, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Allee 60, 51373, Leverkusen, Germany
| | - Dimitrios Stamatialis
- Technical Medical Centre, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500, AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk W Grijpma
- Technical Medical Centre, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500, AE Enschede, The Netherlands
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9
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Otaegi I, Aramburu N, Müller AJ, Guerrica-Echevarría G. Novel Biobased Polyamide 410/Polyamide 6/CNT Nanocomposites. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:polym10090986. [PMID: 30960911 PMCID: PMC6403815 DOI: 10.3390/polym10090986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Biobased polyamide 410 (PA410)/multiwall carbon nanotube (CNT) nanocomposites (NCs) were obtained by melt-mixing in a twin screw extruder a Polyamide 6 (PA6)-based masterbatch (with 15 wt % CNT content) with neat PA410. Directly mixed PA410/CNT NCs were also obtained for comparison purposes. Transmision Electronic Microscopy (TEM) observation and conductivity measurements demonstrated that a good dispersion of CNTs was obtained, which was probably induced by the full miscibility between PA410 and PA6 (in the concentration range employed here), as ascertained by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) tests. As a result, the PA410/PA6/CNT NCs showed superior mechanical behaviour (≈10% Young’s modulus increase with a 4 wt % CNT content) than the binary PA410/CNT NCs (≈5% Young’s modulus increase with a 6 wt % CNT content), as well as superior electrical behaviour, with maximum conductivity values of approximately three orders of magnitude higher than in the binary PA410/CNT system, and lower percolation threshold values (0.65 wt % CNT content vs. 3.98 wt % CNT). The good dispersion and enhanced mechanical and electrical properties of these novel biobased nanocomposites, broadens their potential applications, such as electrical and electronics (E&E) or automotive industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itziar Otaegi
- POLYMAT and Polymer Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - Nora Aramburu
- POLYMAT and Polymer Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - Alejandro J Müller
- POLYMAT and Polymer Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Gonzalo Guerrica-Echevarría
- POLYMAT and Polymer Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.
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Yi Y, Zheng X, Fu Z, Wang C, Xu X, Tan X. Multi-Scale Modeling for Predicting the Stiffness and Strength of Hollow-Structured Metal Foams with Structural Hierarchy. Materials (Basel) 2018; 11:E380. [PMID: 29510553 DOI: 10.3390/ma11030380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This work was inspired by previous experiments which managed to establish an optimal template-dealloying route to prepare ultralow density metal foams. In this study, we propose a new analytical–numerical model of hollow-structured metal foams with structural hierarchy to predict its stiffness and strength. The two-level model comprises a main backbone and a secondary nanoporous structure. The main backbone is composed of hollow sphere-packing architecture, while the secondary one is constructed of a bicontinuous nanoporous network proposed to describe the nanoscale interactions in the shell. Firstly, two nanoporous models with different geometries are generated by Voronoi tessellation, then the scaling laws of the mechanical properties are determined as a function of relative density by finite volume simulation. Furthermore, the scaling laws are applied to identify the uniaxial compression behavior of metal foams. It is shown that the thickness and relative density highly influence the Young’s modulus and yield strength, and vacancy defect determines the foams being self-supported. The present study provides not only new insights into the mechanical behaviors of both nanoporous metals and metal foams, but also a practical guide for their fabrication and application.
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Sang L, Zhao M, Liang Q, Wei Z. Silane-Treated Basalt Fiber⁻Reinforced Poly(butylene succinate) Biocomposites: Interfacial Crystallization and Tensile Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:E351. [PMID: 30971027 DOI: 10.3390/polym9080351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, an economical modifier silane agent-KH550-was used for surface treatment of basalt fiber. Then, a biodegradable poly(butylene succinate) (PBS)/modified basalt fiber (MBF) biocomposite was successfully developed. The effects of silane treatment and fiber mass content on crystalline structure, isothermal crystallization process and mechanical performance of composites were evaluated. The interfacial crystallization of PBS on the surface of MBF was investigated by using a polarized optical microscope (POM). The transcrystalline (TC) structure could be clearly observed and it grew perpendicular to the surface of MBF, which boosted the nucleation ability on PBS crystallization and the strong interfacial interaction between PBS and silane-treated basalt fiber. Under isothermal crystallization kinetics, the incorporation of basalt fiber enhanced the crystallization rate and reduced the crystallization half-time values of composites compared with that of neat PBS due to a heterogeneous nucleation effect. Furthermore, tensile results confirmed that the presence of MBF could greatly improve the tensile strength and modulus. The predicted interfacial shear strength (IFSS) suggested that an enhancement of interfacial bonding could be realized via interfacial crystallization, which was also verified by SEM images. The PBS/MBF biocomposites can be applied in many fields as a low-cost, lightweight, and biodegradable composite material.
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Siracusa V, Dalla Rosa M, Iordanskii AL. Performance of Poly(lactic acid) Surface Modified Films for Food Packaging Application. Materials (Basel) 2017; 10:E850. [PMID: 28773210 PMCID: PMC5578216 DOI: 10.3390/ma10080850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Five Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) film samples were analyzed to study the gas barrier behavior, thermal stability and mechanical performance for food packaging application. O₂, CO₂, N₂, N₂O, and C₂H₄ pure gases; Air; and Modified Atmosphere (MA, 79% N₂O/21% O₂) were used to analyze the influence of the chemical structure, storage temperature and crystalline phase on the gas barrier behavior. The kinetic of the permeation process was investigated at different temperatures, ranging from 5 °C to 40 °C. Annealing thermal treatment on the samples led to the crystalline percentage, influencing especially the gas solubility process. Thermal properties such as Tg and χc, and mechanical properties such as tensile strength and modulus were remarkably improved with surface PLA modification. A more pronounced reinforcing effect was noted in the case of metallization, as well as improved gas barrier performance. Tensile testing and tensile cycling tests confirmed the rigidity of the films, with about a 20% loss of elasticity after 25 cycles loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Siracusa
- Department of Chemical Science, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania (CT), Italy.
| | - Marco Dalla Rosa
- Interdepartmental Centre for Agri-Food Industrial Research, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena (FC), Italy.
| | - Alexey L Iordanskii
- Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Kosygin str. 4, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
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Pirali-Hamedani M, Mehdipour-Ataei S. Effect of sulfonation degree on molecular weight, thermal stability, and proton conductivity of poly(arylene ether sulfone)s membrane. Des Monomers Polym 2016; 20:54-65. [PMID: 29491779 PMCID: PMC5812190 DOI: 10.1080/15685551.2016.1231035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct copolymerization of sulfonated and non-sulfonated difluorodiphenyl sulfones as dihalide monomers with hydroquinone and also 4,4′-(4,4′-sulfonylbis-(1,4-phenylene)bis(oxy)) diphenol as diols led to preparation of two series of poly(arylene ether sulfone)s. Copolymers with different degrees of sulfonation (40, 50 and 60%) were synthesized in order to evaluate their potential for fuel cell application. 1H-NMR, FT-IR, and mass spectroscopy were used for characterization of prepared monomers and copolymers. Differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis were applied for investigation and comparison of the thermal properties of copolymers. Laser light scattering (LLS) was employed to calculate zeta potential, conductivity, and molecular weight of copolymers. Copolymers were obtained in high and sufficient molecular weight that was basic need to reach reasonable physical and thermal properties for applications as fuel cell membrane. The effect of similar structural repeating units with different sizes on the final properties of sulfonated poly(ether sulfone)s was investigated to compare their potential in fuel cell membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Pirali-Hamedani
- Polyurethane and Advanced Polymeric Materials Department, Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahram Mehdipour-Ataei
- Polyurethane and Advanced Polymeric Materials Department, Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, Tehran, Iran
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Won YW, Ankoné M, Engbersen JFJ, Feijen J, Kim SW. Poly(Amido Amine)s Containing Agmatine and Butanol Side Chains as Efficient Gene Carriers. Macromol Biosci 2015; 16:619-26. [PMID: 26663734 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201500369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A new type of bioreducible poly(amido amine) copolymer is synthesized by the Michael addition polymerization of cystamine bisacrylamide (CBA) with 4-aminobutylguanidine (agmatine, AGM) and 4-aminobutanol (ABOL). Since the positively charged guanidinium groups of AGM and the hydroxybutyl groups of ABOL in the side chains have shown to improve the overall transfection efficiency of poly(amido amine)s, it is hypothesized that poly(CBA-ABOL/AGM) synthesized at the optimal ratio of both components would result in high transfection efficiency and minimal toxicity. In this study, a series of the poly(CBA-ABOL/AGM) copolymers is synthesized as gene carriers. The polymers are characterized and luciferase transfection efficiencies of the polymers in various cell lines are investigated to select the ideal ratio between AGM and ABOL. The poly(CBA-ABOL/AGM) containing 80% AGM and 20% ABOL has shown the best transfection efficiency with the lowest cytotoxicity, indicating that this polymer is very promising as a potent and nontoxic gene carrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Wook Won
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Marc Ankoné
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Johan F J Engbersen
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Feijen
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Sung Wan Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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15
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Rinaldi A, Araneo R, Celozzi S, Pea M, Notargiacomo A. The clash of mechanical and electrical size-effects in ZnO nanowires and a double power law approach to elastic strain engineering of piezoelectric and piezotronic devices. Adv Mater 2014; 26:5976-5985. [PMID: 25138083 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201401026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Revised: 05/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The piezoelectric performance of ultra-strength ZnO nanowires (NWs) depends on the subtle interplay between electrical and mechanical size-effects. "Size-dependent" modeling of compressed NWs illustrates why experimentally observed mechanical stiffening can indeed collide with electrical size-effects when the size shrinks, thereby lowering the actual piezoelectric function from bulk estimates. "Smaller" is not necessarily "better" in nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Rinaldi
- University of L'Aquila, International Research Center for Mathematics & Mechanics of Complex System (MEMOCS), Via S. Pasquale, 04012, Cisterna di Latina, (LT), Italy; ENEA, C.R. Casaccia, Via Anguillarese 301, Santa Maria di Galeria, 00123, Rome, Italy
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16
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Mogal V, Papper V, Chaurasia A, Feng G, Marks R, Steele T. Novel on-demand bioadhesion to soft tissue in wet environments. Macromol Biosci 2013; 14:478-84. [PMID: 24293270 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201300380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2013] [Revised: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Current methods of tissue fixation rely on mechanical-related technologies developed from the clothing and carpentry industries. Herein, a novel bioadhesive method that allows tuneable adhesion and is also applicable to biodegradable polyester substrates is described. Diazirine is the key functional group that allows strong soft tissue crosslinking and on-demand adhesion based on a free radical mechanism. Plasma post-irradiation grafting makes it possible to graft diazirine onto PLGA substrates. When the diazirine-PLGA films, placed on wetted ex vivo swine aortas, are activated with low intensity UV light, lap shear strength of up to 450 ± 50 mN cm(-2) is observed, which is one order of magnitude higher than hydrogel bioadhesives placed on similar soft tissues. The diazirine-modified PLGA thin films could be added on top of previously developed technologies for minimally invasive surgeries. The present work is focused on the chemistry, grafting, and lap shear strength of the alkyl diazirine-modified PLGA bioadhesive films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Mogal
- Materials and Science Engineering, Division of Materials Technology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798
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17
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Ware T, Simon D, Hearon K, Kang TH, Maitland DJ, Voit W. Thiol-click chemistries for responsive neural interfaces. Macromol Biosci 2013; 13:1640-7. [PMID: 24115484 PMCID: PMC4817906 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201300272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Revised: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Neural interfaces provide an electrical connection between computers and the nervous system: current penetrating devices are orders-of-magnitude stiffer than surrounding tissue. In this work, recent efforts in softening electronics and utilize thiol-ene and thiol-epoxy "click" reactions are built upon to incorporate fluid-sensitive hydrogen bonding into smart substrates for high electrode density neural interfaces. The modulus of these substrates drops more than two orders of magnitude in response to physiological conditions, despite fluid uptake of less than 6%, and can be tuned by the covalent crosslink density and degree of hydrogen bonding in the polymer network. Intracortical and intrafascicular electrode arrays are fabricated and characterized with impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Ware
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Rd, Mailstop RL 3, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
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18
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Takahashi H, Palermo EF, Yasuhara K, Caputo GA, Kuroda K. Molecular design, structures, and activity of antimicrobial peptide-mimetic polymers. Macromol Biosci 2013; 13:1285-99. [PMID: 23832766 PMCID: PMC4020117 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201300126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
There is an urgent need for new antibiotics which are effective against drug-resistant bacteria without contributing to resistance development. We have designed and developed antimicrobial copolymers with cationic amphiphilic structures based on the mimicry of naturally occurring antimicrobial peptides. These copolymers exhibit potent antimicrobial activity against a broad spectrum of bacteria including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus with no adverse hemolytic activity. Notably, these polymers also did not result in any measurable resistance development in E. coli. The peptide-mimetic design principle offers significant flexibility and diversity in the creation of new antimicrobial materials and their potential biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruko Takahashi
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Edmund F. Palermo
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kazuma Yasuhara
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara, Japan
| | - Gregory A. Caputo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, USA
| | - Kenichi Kuroda
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Jo SD, Kim JS, Joe CO, Mok H, Nam YS. Small interfering RNA nunchucks with a hydrophobic linker for efficient intracellular delivery. Macromol Biosci 2013; 14:195-201. [PMID: 24106091 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201300291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Revised: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The high stiffness and low spatial charge density of siRNA limit the effectiveness of the electrostatic condensation of siRNA with cationic polyelectrolytes. Here, a facile method to stabilize nanoscale siRNA/polyelectrolyte complexes by introducing a reductively cleavable alkyl chain to siRNA as a hybrophobic linker of dimeric siRNA conjugates is reported. The increased length of the hydrophobic linker increases the intracellular translocation and gene silencing activity of the dimeric siRNA conjugates when they are complexed with linear polyethylenimine (LPEI). The results suggest that the introduction of a hydrophobic linker in the dimeric siRNA conjugates can facilitate the intracellular delivery of siRNA through effective condensation with cationic polyelectrolytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Duk Jo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
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Cole MA, Bowman CN. Synthesis and Characterization of Thiol-Ene Functionalized Siloxanes and Evaluation of their Crosslinked Network Properties. J Polym Sci A Polym Chem 2012; 50:4325-4333. [PMID: 23162209 PMCID: PMC3496294 DOI: 10.1002/pola.26245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Three types of linear thiol-functionalized siloxane oligomers and three types of ene-functionalized oligomers were synthesized and subsequently photopolymerized. Within each type of thiol-functionalized oligomer, the ratio of mercaptan repeat units to non-reactive phenyl repeat units was varied to manipulate both the crosslink density and the degree of secondary interactions through pi-pi stacking. Similarly, the repeat units of the three ene-functionalized oligomers are composed of allyl-functional monomers, benzene-functional monomers, and octyl-functional monomers in varying ratios of benzene:octyl but with a constant fraction of allyl moieties. The structural composition of the siloxane oligomers plays a pivotal role in the observed material properties of networks formed through thiol-ene photopolymerization. Networks with a high concentration of thiol functionalities exhibit higher rubbery moduli, ultimate strengths, and Young's moduli than networks with lower thiol concentrations. Moreover, the concentration of functionalities capable of participating in secondary interactions via hydrogen bonding or pi-pi stacking directly impacts the network glass transition temperature and elasticity. The combination of low crosslink density and high secondary interactions produces networks with the greatest toughness. Finally, the fraction of octyl repeats correlates with the hydrophobic nature of the network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan A. Cole
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309
| | - Christopher N. Bowman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309
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Dey J, Tran RT, Shen J, Tang L, Yang J. Development and long-term in vivo evaluation of a biodegradable urethane-doped polyester elastomer. Macromol Mater Eng 2011; 296:1149-1157. [PMID: 22184499 PMCID: PMC3241003 DOI: 10.1002/mame.201100074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We have recently reported upon the development of crosslinked urethane-doped polyester (CUPE) network elastomers, which was motivated by the desire to overcome the drawbacks presented by crosslinked network polyesters and biodegradable polyurethanes for soft tissue engineering applications. Although the effect of the isocyanate content and post-polymerization conditions on the material structure-property relationship was examined in detail, the ability of the diol component to modulate the material properties was only studied briefly. Herein, we present a detailed report on the development of CUPE polymers synthesized using diols 4, 6, 8, 10, or 12 methylene units in length in order to investigate what role the diol component plays on the resulting material's physical properties, and assess their long-term biological performance in vivo. An increase in the diol length was shown to affect the physical properties of the CUPE polymers primarily through lowered polymeric crosslinking densities and elevated material hydrophobicity. The use of longer chain diols resulted in CUPE polymers with increased molecular weights resulting in higher tensile strength and elasticity, while also increasing the material hydrophobicity to lower bulk swelling and prolong the polymer degradation rates. Although the number of methylene units largely affected the physical properties of CUPE, the choice of diol did not affect the overall polymer cell/tissue-compatibility both in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, we have established the diol component as an important parameter in controlling the structure-property relationship of the polymer in addition to diisocyanate concentration and post-polymerization conditions. Expanding the family of CUPE polymers increases the choices of biodegradable elastomers for tissue engineering applications.
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