1
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Rockett T, Almahyawi M, Ghimire ML, Jonnalagadda A, Tagliaferro V, Seashols-Williams SJ, Bertino MF, Caputo GA, Reiner JE. Cluster-Enhanced Nanopore Sensing of Ovarian Cancer Marker Peptides in Urine. ACS Sens 2024; 9:860-869. [PMID: 38286995 PMCID: PMC10897939 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c02207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
The development of novel methodologies that can detect biomarkers from cancer or other diseases is both a challenge and a need for clinical applications. This partly motivates efforts related to nanopore-based peptide sensing. Recent work has focused on the use of gold nanoparticles for selective detection of cysteine-containing peptides. Specifically, tiopronin-capped gold nanoparticles, trapped in the cis-side of a wild-type α-hemolysin nanopore, provide a suitable anchor for the attachment of cysteine-containing peptides. It was recently shown that the attachment of these peptides onto a nanoparticle yields unique current signatures that can be used to identify the peptide. In this article, we apply this technique to the detection of ovarian cancer marker peptides ranging in length from 8 to 23 amino acid residues. It is found that sequence variability complicates the detection of low-molecular-weight peptides (<10 amino acid residues), but higher-molecular-weight peptides yield complex, high-frequency current fluctuations. These fluctuations are characterized with chi-squared and autocorrelation analyses that yield significantly improved selectivity when compared to traditional open-pore analysis. We demonstrate that the technique is capable of detecting the only two cysteine-containing peptides from LRG-1, an emerging protein biomarker, that are uniquely present in the urine of ovarian cancer patients. We further demonstrate the detection of one of these LRG-1 peptides spiked into a sample of human female urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas
W. Rockett
- Department
of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
| | - Mohammed Almahyawi
- Department
of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
- King
Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz
University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Madhav L. Ghimire
- Department
of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
| | - Aashna Jonnalagadda
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Victoria Tagliaferro
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Sarah J. Seashols-Williams
- Department
of Forensic Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth
University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
| | - Massimo F. Bertino
- Department
of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
| | - Gregory A. Caputo
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Joseph E. Reiner
- Department
of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
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2
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Meier S, Ridgway ZM, Picciano AL, Caputo GA. Impacts of Hydrophobic Mismatch on Antimicrobial Peptide Efficacy and Bilayer Permeabilization. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1624. [PMID: 37998826 PMCID: PMC10669323 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12111624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance continues to be a major threat to world health, with the continued emergence of resistant bacterial strains. Antimicrobial peptides have emerged as an attractive option for the development of novel antimicrobial compounds in part due to their ubiquity in nature and the general lack of resistance development to this class of molecules. In this work, we analyzed the antimicrobial peptide C18G and several truncated forms for efficacy and the underlying mechanistic effects of the sequence truncation. The peptides were screened for antimicrobial efficacy against several standard laboratory strains, and further analyzed using fluorescence spectroscopy to evaluate binding to model lipid membranes and bilayer disruption. The results show a clear correlation between the length of the peptide and the antimicrobial efficacy. Furthermore, there is a correlation between peptide length and the hydrophobic thickness of the bilayer, indicating that hydrophobic mismatch is likely a contributing factor to the loss of efficacy in shorter peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Meier
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA (A.L.P.)
| | - Zachary M. Ridgway
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA (A.L.P.)
| | - Angela L. Picciano
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA (A.L.P.)
| | - Gregory A. Caputo
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA (A.L.P.)
- Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
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3
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Khosla H, Seche W, Ammerman D, Elyahoodayan S, Caputo GA, Hettinger J, Amini S, Feng G. Development of antibacterial neural stimulation electrodes via hierarchical surface restructuring and atomic layer deposition. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19778. [PMID: 37957282 PMCID: PMC10643707 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47256-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Miniaturization and electrochemical performance enhancement of electrodes and microelectrode arrays in emerging long-term implantable neural stimulation devices improves specificity, functionality, and performance of these devices. However, surgical site and post-implantation infections are amongst the most devastating complications after surgical procedures and implantations. Additionally, with the increased use of antibiotics, the threat of antibiotic resistance is significant and is increasingly being recognized as a global problem. Therefore, the need for alternative strategies to eliminate post-implantation infections and reduce antibiotic use has led to the development of medical devices with antibacterial properties. In this work, we report on the development of electrochemically active antibacterial platinum-iridium electrodes targeted for use in neural stimulation and sensing applications. A two-step development process was used. Electrodes were first restructured using femtosecond laser hierarchical surface restructuring. In the second step of the process, atomic layer deposition was utilized to deposit conformal antibacterial copper oxide thin films on the hierarchical surface structure of the electrodes to impart antibacterial properties to the electrodes with minimal impact on electrochemical performance of the electrodes. Morphological, compositional, and structural properties of the electrodes were studied using multiple modalities of microscopy and spectroscopy. Antibacterial properties of the electrodes were also studied, particularly, the killing effect of the hierarchically restructured antibacterial electrodes on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus-two common types of bacteria responsible for implant infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henna Khosla
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, 19085, USA
| | - Wesley Seche
- Pulse Technologies Inc., Research and Development, Quakertown, PA, 18951, USA
| | - Daniel Ammerman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, 08028, USA
| | - Sahar Elyahoodayan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Gregory A Caputo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, 08028, USA
| | - Jeffrey Hettinger
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, 08028, USA
| | - Shahram Amini
- Pulse Technologies Inc., Research and Development, Quakertown, PA, 18951, USA.
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA.
| | - Gang Feng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, 19085, USA
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4
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Takahashi H, Sovadinova I, Yasuhara K, Vemparala S, Caputo GA, Kuroda K. Biomimetic antimicrobial polymers—Design, characterization, antimicrobial, and novel applications. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2022; 15:e1866. [PMID: 36300561 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Biomimetic antimicrobial polymers have been an area of great interest as the need for novel antimicrobial compounds grows due to the development of resistance. These polymers were designed and developed to mimic naturally occurring antimicrobial peptides in both physicochemical composition and mechanism of action. These antimicrobial peptide mimetic polymers have been extensively investigated using chemical, biophysical, microbiological, and computational approaches to gain a deeper understanding of the molecular interactions that drive function. These studies have helped inform SARs, mechanism of action, and general physicochemical factors that influence the activity and properties of antimicrobial polymers. However, there are still lingering questions in this field regarding 3D structural patterning, bioavailability, and applicability to alternative targets. In this review, we present a perspective on the development and characterization of several antimicrobial polymers and discuss novel applications of these molecules emerging in the field. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Infectious Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruko Takahashi
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life Hiroshima University Higashi‐Hiroshima Hiroshima Japan
| | - Iva Sovadinova
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science Masaryk University Brno Czech Republic
| | - Kazuma Yasuhara
- Division of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology Nara Institute of Science and Technology Nara Japan
- Center for Digital Green‐Innovation Nara Institute of Science and Technology Nara Japan
| | - Satyavani Vemparala
- The Institute of Mathematical Sciences CIT Campus Chennai India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute Training School Complex Mumbai India
| | - Gregory A. Caputo
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry Rowan University Glassboro New Jersey USA
| | - Kenichi Kuroda
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences & Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA
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5
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Ghimire ML, Cox BD, Winn CA, Rockett TW, Schifano NP, Slagle HM, Gonzalez F, Bertino MF, Caputo GA, Reiner JE. Selective Detection and Characterization of Small Cysteine-Containing Peptides with Cluster-Modified Nanopore Sensing. ACS Nano 2022; 16:17229-17241. [PMID: 36214366 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c07842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
It was recently demonstrated that one can monitor ligand-induced structure fluctuations of individual thiolate-capped gold nanoclusters using resistive-pulse nanopore sensing. The magnitude of the fluctuations scales with the size of the capping ligand, and it was later shown one can observe ligand exchange in this nanopore setup. We expand on these results by exploring the different types of current fluctuations associated with peptide ligands attaching to tiopronin-capped gold nanoclusters. We show here that the fluctuations can be used to identify the attaching peptide through either the magnitude of the peptide-induced current jumps or the onset of high-frequency current fluctuations. Importantly, the peptide attachment process requires that the peptide contains a cysteine residue. This suggests that nanopore-based monitoring of peptide attachments with thiolate-capped clusters could provide a means for selective detection of cysteine-containing peptides. Finally, we demonstrate the cluster-based protocol with various peptide mixtures to show that one can identify more than one cysteine-containing peptide in a mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhav L Ghimire
- Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
| | - Bobby D Cox
- Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
| | - Cole A Winn
- Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
| | - Thomas W Rockett
- Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
| | - Nicholas P Schifano
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Hannah M Slagle
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Frank Gonzalez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Massimo F Bertino
- Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
| | - Gregory A Caputo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Joseph E Reiner
- Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
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6
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Schifano NP, Caputo GA. Investigation of the Role of Hydrophobic Amino Acids on the Structure-Activity Relationship in the Antimicrobial Venom Peptide Ponericin L1. J Membr Biol 2022; 255:537-551. [PMID: 34792624 PMCID: PMC9114170 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-021-00204-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Venom mixtures from insects, reptiles, and mollusks have long been a source of bioactive peptides which often have alternative uses as therapeutics. While these molecules act in numerous capacities, there have been many venom components that act on the target cells through membrane disruptive mechanisms. These peptides have long been of interest as potential antimicrobial peptide platforms, but the inherent cytotoxicity of venom peptides often results in poor therapeutic potential. Despite this, efforts are ongoing to identify and characterize venom peptide which exhibit high antimicrobial activity with low cytotoxicity and modify these to further enhance the efficacy while reducing toxicity. One example is ponericin L1 from Neoponera goeldii which has been demonstrated to have good antimicrobial activity and low in vitro cytotoxicity. The L1 sequence was modified by uniformly replacing the native hydrophobic residues with either Leu, Ile, Phe, Ala, or Val. Spectroscopic and microbiological approaches were employed to investigate how the amino acid sequence changes impacted membrane interaction, secondary structure, and antimicrobial efficacy. The L1 derivatives showed varying degrees of bilayer interaction, in some cases driven by bilayer composition. Several of the variants exhibited enhanced antimicrobial activity compared to the parent strain, while others lost all activity. Interestingly, the variant containing Val lost all antimicrobial activity and ability to interact with bilayers. Taken together the results indicate that peptide secondary structure, amino acid composition, and hydrophobicity all play a role in peptide activity, although this is a delicate balance that can result in non-specific binding or complete loss of activity if specific amino acids are incorporated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas P Schifano
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, NJ, 08028, USA
| | - Gregory A Caputo
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, NJ, 08028, USA.
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biosciences, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, NJ, 08028, USA.
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7
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Kohn EM, Shirley DJ, Hinds NM, Fry HC, Caputo GA. Peptide‐assisted
supramolecular polymerization of the anionic porphyrin
meso‐tetra
(
4‐sulfonatophenyl
)porphine. Pept Sci (Hoboken) 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pep2.24288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric M. Kohn
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry Rowan University Glassboro New Jersey USA
- Bantivoglio Honors College Rowan University Glassboro New Jersey USA
- Department of Chemistry University of Wisconsin Madison Wisconsin USA
| | - David J. Shirley
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry Rowan University Glassboro New Jersey USA
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
| | - Nicole M. Hinds
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry Rowan University Glassboro New Jersey USA
| | - H. Christopher Fry
- Argonne National Laboratory Center for Nanoscale Materials Lemont Illinois USA
| | - Gregory A. Caputo
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry Rowan University Glassboro New Jersey USA
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8
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Patel R, Clark AK, DeStefano G, DeStefano I, Gogoj H, Gray E, Patel AY, Hauner JT, Caputo GA, Vaden TD. Sequence-specific destabilization of azurin by tetramethylguanidinium-dipeptide ionic liquids. Biochem Biophys Rep 2022; 30:101242. [PMID: 35280523 PMCID: PMC8907678 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2022.101242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The thermal unfolding of the copper redox protein azurin was studied in the presence of four different dipeptide-based ionic liquids (ILs) utilizing tetramethylguanidinium as the cation. The four dipeptides have different sequences including the amino acids Ser and Asp: TMG-AspAsp, TMG-SerSer, TMG-SerAsp, and TMG-AspSer. Thermal unfolding curves generated from temperature-dependent fluorescence spectroscopy experiments showed that TMG-AspAsp and TMG-SerSer have minor destabilizing effects on the protein while TMG-AspSer and TMG-SerAsp strongly destabilize azurin. Red-shifted fluorescence signatures in the 25 °C correlate with the observed protein destabilization in the solutions with TMG-AspSer and TMG-SerAsp. These signals could correspond to interactions between the Asp residue in the dipeptide and the azurin Trp residue in the unfolded state. These results, supported by appropriate control experiments, suggest that dipeptide sequence-specific interactions lead to selective protein destabilization and motivate further studies of TMG-dipeptide ILs. Four different dipeptide-based ionic liquids were prepared with TMG as cation. The dipeptides included all four sequences containing Asp and Ser. The ionic liquids destabilizing effects on the protein azurin were measured. Different dipeptide sequences have different effects on the protein stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshani Patel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, 08028, USA
| | - Austin K Clark
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, 08028, USA
| | - Gabriella DeStefano
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, 08028, USA
| | - Isabella DeStefano
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, 08028, USA
| | - Hunter Gogoj
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, 08028, USA
| | - Erin Gray
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, 08028, USA
| | - Aashka Y Patel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, 08028, USA
| | - Joshua T Hauner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, 08028, USA
| | - Gregory A Caputo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, 08028, USA
| | - Timothy D Vaden
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, 08028, USA
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9
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Tsukamoto M, Zappala E, Caputo GA, Kikuchi JI, Najarian K, Kuroda K, Yasuhara K. Mechanistic Study of Membrane Disruption by Antimicrobial Methacrylate Random Copolymers by the Single Giant Vesicle Method. Langmuir 2021; 37:9982-9995. [PMID: 34378943 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c01047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cationic amphiphilic polymers have been a platform to create new antimicrobial materials that act by disrupting bacterial cell membranes. While activity characterization and chemical optimization have been done in numerous studies, there remains a gap in our knowledge on the antimicrobial mechanisms of the polymers, which is needed to connect their chemical structures and biological activities. To that end, we used a single giant unilamellar vesicle (GUV) method to identify the membrane-disrupting mechanism of methacrylate random copolymers. The copolymers consist of random sequences of aminoethyl methacrylate and methyl (MMA) or butyl (BMA) methacrylate, with low molecular weights of 1600-2100 g·mol-1. GUVs consisting of an 8:2 mixture of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (POPE) and 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-rac-glycerol), sodium salt (POPG) and those with only 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) were prepared to mimic the bacterial (Escherichia coli) or mammalian membranes, respectively. The disruption of bacteria and mammalian cell membrane-mimetic lipid bilayers in GUVs reflected the antimicrobial and hemolytic activities of the copolymers, suggesting that the copolymers act by disrupting cell membranes. The copolymer with BMA formed pores in the lipid bilayer, while that with MMA caused GUVs to burst. Therefore, we propose that the mechanism is inherent to the chemical identity or properties of hydrophobic groups. The copolymer with MMA showed characteristic sigmoid curves of the time course of GUV burst. We propose a new kinetic model with a positive feedback loop in the insertion of the polymer chains in the lipid bilayer. The novel finding of alkyl-dependent membrane-disrupting mechanisms will provide a new insight into the role of hydrophobic groups in the optimization strategy for antimicrobial activity and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manami Tsukamoto
- Division of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 6300192, Japan
| | - Emanuele Zappala
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2800, United States
| | - Gregory A Caputo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Jun-Ichi Kikuchi
- Division of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 6300192, Japan
| | - Kayvan Najarian
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2800, United States
| | - Kenichi Kuroda
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1011 N. University Ave., Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Kazuma Yasuhara
- Division of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 6300192, Japan
- Center for Digital Green-innovation, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 6300192, Japan
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10
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Hitchner MA, Necelis MR, Shirley D, Caputo GA. Effect of Non-natural Hydrophobic Amino Acids on the Efficacy and Properties of the Antimicrobial Peptide C18G. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 13:527-541. [PMID: 32889698 PMCID: PMC7933317 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-020-09701-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been an area of great interest, due to the high selectivity of these molecules toward bacterial targets over host cells and the limited development of bacterial resistance to these molecules through evolution. The peptides are known to selectively bind to bacterial cell surfaces through electrostatic interactions, and subsequently, the peptides insert into the cell membrane and cause local disruptions of membrane integrity leading to cell death. Previous experiments showed that replacing the Leu residues in the AMP C18G with other naturally occurring hydrophobic residues resulted in side-chain-dependent activities. This work extends the investigation to non-natural hydrophobic amino acids and the effect on peptide activity. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) results demonstrated that amino acid substitutions containing long flexible carbon chains maintained or increased antimicrobial activity compared to natural analogues. In solution, the peptide showed aggregation only with the most hydrophobic non-natural amino acid substitutions. Binding assays using Trp fluorescence confirm a binding preference for anionic lipids while quenching experiments demonstrated that the more hydrophobic peptides are more deeply buried in the anionic lipid bilayers compared to the zwitterionic bilayers. The most effective peptides at killing bacteria were also those which showed some level of disruption of bacterial membranes; however, one peptide sequence exhibited very strong activity and very low levels of red blood cell hemolysis, yielding a promising target for future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan A Hitchner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, NJ, 08028, USA
| | - Matthew R Necelis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, NJ, 08028, USA
| | - Devanie Shirley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, NJ, 08028, USA
| | - Gregory A Caputo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, NJ, 08028, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, NJ, 08028, USA.
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11
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DeStefano I, DeStefano G, Paradis NJ, Patel R, Clark AK, Gogoj H, Singh G, Jonnalagadda KS, Patel AY, Wu C, Caputo GA, Vaden TD. Thermodynamic destabilization of azurin by four different tetramethylguanidinium amino acid ionic liquids. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 180:355-364. [PMID: 33744247 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.03.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The thermal unfolding of the copper redox protein azurin was studied in the presence of four different amino acid-based ionic liquids (ILs), all of which have tetramethylguanidium as cation. The anionic amino acid includes two with alcohol side chains, serine and threonine, and two with carboxylic acids, aspartate and glutamate. Control experiments showed that amino acids alone do not significantly change protein stability and pH changes anticipated by the amino acid nature have only minor effects on the protein. With the ILs, the protein is destabilized and the melting temperature is decreased. The two ILs with alcohol side chains strongly destabilize the protein while the two ILs with acid side chains have weaker effects. Unfolding enthalpy (ΔHunf°) and entropy (ΔSunf°) values, derived from fits of the unfolding data, show that some ILs increase ΔHunf°while others do not significantly change this value. All ILs, however, increase ΔSunf°. MD simulations of both the folded and unfolded protein conformations in the presence of the ILs provide insight into the different IL-protein interactions and how they affect the ΔHunf° values. The simulations also confirm that the ILs increase the unfolded state entropies which can explain the increased ΔSunf° values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella DeStefano
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
| | - Gabriella DeStefano
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
| | - Nicholas J Paradis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
| | - Roshani Patel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
| | - Austin K Clark
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
| | - Hunter Gogoj
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
| | - Gurvir Singh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
| | - Keertana S Jonnalagadda
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA; Bantivoglio Honors College, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
| | - Aashka Y Patel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
| | - Chun Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
| | - Gregory A Caputo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
| | - Timothy D Vaden
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA.
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12
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D’Souza AR, Necelis MR, Kulesha A, Caputo GA, Makhlynets OV. Beneficial Impacts of Incorporating the Non-Natural Amino Acid Azulenyl-Alanine into the Trp-Rich Antimicrobial Peptide buCATHL4B. Biomolecules 2021; 11:421. [PMID: 33809374 PMCID: PMC8001250 DOI: 10.3390/biom11030421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) present a promising scaffold for the development of potent antimicrobial agents. Substitution of tryptophan by non-natural amino acid Azulenyl-Alanine (AzAla) would allow studying the mechanism of action of AMPs by using unique properties of this amino acid, such as ability to be excited separately from tryptophan in a multi-Trp AMPs and environmental insensitivity. In this work, we investigate the effect of Trp→AzAla substitution in antimicrobial peptide buCATHL4B (contains three Trp side chains). We found that antimicrobial and bactericidal activity of the original peptide was preserved, while cytocompatibility with human cells and proteolytic stability was improved. We envision that AzAla will find applications as a tool for studies of the mechanism of action of AMPs. In addition, incorporation of this non-natural amino acid into AMP sequences could enhance their application properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areetha R. D’Souza
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, 111 College Place, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA; (A.R.D.); (A.K.)
| | - Matthew R. Necelis
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA; (M.R.N.); (G.A.C.)
| | - Alona Kulesha
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, 111 College Place, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA; (A.R.D.); (A.K.)
| | - Gregory A. Caputo
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA; (M.R.N.); (G.A.C.)
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biosciences, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
| | - Olga V. Makhlynets
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, 111 College Place, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA; (A.R.D.); (A.K.)
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13
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Makhlynets OV, Caputo GA. Characteristics and therapeutic applications of antimicrobial peptides. Biophys Rev (Melville) 2021; 2:011301. [PMID: 38505398 PMCID: PMC10903410 DOI: 10.1063/5.0035731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The demand for novel antimicrobial compounds is rapidly growing due to the phenomenon of antibiotic resistance in bacteria. In response, numerous alternative approaches are being taken including use of polymers, metals, combinatorial approaches, and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). AMPs are a naturally occurring part of the immune system of all higher organisms and display remarkable broad-spectrum activity and high selectivity for bacterial cells over host cells. However, despite good activity and safety profiles, AMPs have struggled to find success in the clinic. In this review, we outline the fundamental properties of AMPs that make them effective antimicrobials and extend this into three main approaches being used to help AMPs become viable clinical options. These three approaches are the incorporation of non-natural amino acids into the AMP sequence to impart better pharmacological properties, the incorporation of AMPs in hydrogels, and the chemical modification of surfaces with AMPs for device applications. These approaches are being developed to enhance the biocompatibility, stability, and/or bioavailability of AMPs as clinical options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga V. Makhlynets
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, 111 College Place, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
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14
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Yang DD, Paterna NJ, Senetra AS, Casey KR, Trieu PD, Caputo GA, Vaden TD, Carone BR. Synergistic interactions of ionic liquids and antimicrobials improve drug efficacy. iScience 2021; 24:101853. [PMID: 33364575 PMCID: PMC7753145 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Combinations of ionic liquids (ILs) with antimicrobial compounds have been shown to produce synergistic activities in model liposomes. In this study, imidazolium chloride-based ILs with alkyl tail length variations are combined with commercially available, small-molecule antimicrobials to examine the potential for combinatorial and synergistic antimicrobial effects on P. aeruginosa, E. coli, S. aureus, and S. cerevisiae. The effects of these treatments in a human cell culture model indicate the cytotoxic limits of ILs paired with antimicrobials. The analysis of these ILs demonstrates that the length of the alkyl chain on the IL molecule is proportional to both antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity. Moreover, the ILs which exhibit synergy with small-molecule antibiotics appear to be acting in a membrane permeabilizing manner. Collectively, results from these experiments demonstrate an increase in antimicrobial efficacy with specific IL + antimicrobial combinations on microbial cultures while maintaining low cytotoxicity in a mammalian cell culture model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel D. Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
| | - Nicholas J. Paterna
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
| | - Alexandria S. Senetra
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
| | - Kaitlyn R. Casey
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
| | - Phillip D. Trieu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
| | - Gregory A. Caputo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
| | - Timothy D. Vaden
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
| | - Benjamin R. Carone
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
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15
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Patel AY, Jonnalagadda KS, Paradis N, Vaden TD, Wu C, Caputo GA. Effects of Ionic Liquids on Metalloproteins. Molecules 2021; 26:514. [PMID: 33478102 PMCID: PMC7835893 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past decade, innovative protein therapies and bio-similar industries have grown rapidly. Additionally, ionic liquids (ILs) have been an area of great interest and rapid development in industrial processes over a similar timeline. Therefore, there is a pressing need to understand the structure and function of proteins in novel environments with ILs. Understanding the short-term and long-term stability of protein molecules in IL formulations will be key to using ILs for protein technologies. Similarly, ILs have been investigated as part of therapeutic delivery systems and implicated in numerous studies in which ILs impact the activity and/or stability of protein molecules. Notably, many of the proteins used in industrial applications are involved in redox chemistry, and thus often contain metal ions or metal-associated cofactors. In this review article, we focus on the current understanding of protein structure-function relationship in the presence of ILs, specifically focusing on the effect of ILs on metal containing proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aashka Y. Patel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA; (A.Y.P.); (N.P.); (T.D.V.); (C.W.)
| | | | - Nicholas Paradis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA; (A.Y.P.); (N.P.); (T.D.V.); (C.W.)
| | - Timothy D. Vaden
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA; (A.Y.P.); (N.P.); (T.D.V.); (C.W.)
| | - Chun Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA; (A.Y.P.); (N.P.); (T.D.V.); (C.W.)
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
| | - Gregory A. Caputo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA; (A.Y.P.); (N.P.); (T.D.V.); (C.W.)
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
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16
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Necelis MR, Santiago-Ortiz LE, Caputo GA. Investigation of the Role of Aromatic Residues in the Antimicrobial Peptide BuCATHL4B. Protein Pept Lett 2021; 28:388-402. [PMID: 32798369 PMCID: PMC8259864 DOI: 10.2174/0929866527666200813202918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial Peptides (AMPs) are an attractive alternative to traditional small molecule antibiotics as AMPs typically target the bacterial cell membrane. A Trp-rich peptide sequence derived from water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis), BuCATHL4B was previously identified as a broad-spectrum antimicrobial peptide. OBJECTIVE In this work, native Trp residues were replaced with other naturally occurring aromatic amino acids to begin to elucidate the importance of these residues on peptide activity. METHODS Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) results demonstrated activity against seven strains of bacteria. Membrane and bilayer permeabilization assays were performed to address the role of bilayer disruption in the activity of the peptides. Lipid vesicle binding and quenching experiments were also performed to gain an understanding of how the peptides interacted with lipid bilayers. RESULTS MIC results indicate the original, tryptophan-rich sequence, and the phenylalanine substituted sequences exhibit strong inhibition of bacterial growth. In permeabilization assays, peptides with phenylalanine substitutions have higher levels of membrane permeabilization than those substituted with tyrosine. In addition, one of the two-tyrosine substituted sequence, YWY, behaves most differently in the lowest antimicrobial activity, showing no permeabilization of bacterial membranes. Notably the antimicrobial activity is inherently species dependent, with varying levels of activity against different bacteria. CONCLUSION There appears to be little correlation between membrane permeabilization and activity, indicating these peptides may have additional mechanisms of action beyond membrane disruption. The results also identify two sequences, denoted FFF and YYW, which retain antibacterial activity but have markedly reduced hemolytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Necelis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, United States
| | | | - Gregory A Caputo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, United States
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17
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Takahashi H, Caputo GA, Kuroda K. Amphiphilic polymer therapeutics: an alternative platform in the fight against antibiotic resistant bacteria. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:2758-2767. [DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01865a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Amphiphilic antimicrobial polymers show promising potential as polymer therapeutics to fight drug resistant bacteria and biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruko Takahashi
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life
- Hiroshima University
- Hiroshima 739-8526
- Japan
| | | | - Kenichi Kuroda
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences
- School of Dentistry
- University of Michigan
- Ann Arbor
- USA
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18
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Chen A, Karanastasis A, Casey KR, Necelis M, Carone BR, Caputo GA, Palermo EF. Cationic Molecular Umbrellas as Antibacterial Agents with Remarkable Cell-Type Selectivity. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:21270-21282. [PMID: 31917544 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b19076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We synthesized a combinatorial library of dendrons that display a cluster of cationic charges juxtaposed with a hydrophobic alkyl chain, using the so-called "molecular umbrella" design approach. Systematically tuning the generation number and alkyl chain length enabled a detailed study of the structure-activity relationships in terms of both hydrophobic content and number of cationic charges. These discrete, unimolecular compounds display rapid and broad-spectrum bactericidal activity comparable to the activity of antibacterial peptides. Micellization was examined by pyrene emission and dynamic light scattering, which revealed that monomeric, individually solvated dendrons are present in aqueous media. The antibacterial mechanism of action is putatively driven by the membrane-disrupting nature of these cationic surfactants, which we confirmed by enzymatic assays on E. coli cells. The hemolytic activity of these dendritic macromolecules is sensitively dependent on the dendron generation and the alkyl chain length. Via structural optimization of these two key design features, we identified a leading candidate with potent broad-spectrum antibacterial activity (4-8 μg/mL) combined with outstanding hemocompatibility (up to 5000 μg/mL). This selected compound is >1000-fold more active against bacteria as compared to red blood cells, which represents one of the highest selectivity index values ever reported for a membrane-disrupting antibacterial agent. Thus, the leading candidate from this initial library screen holds great potential for future applications as a nontoxic, degradable disinfectant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao Chen
- Materials Science and Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12054, United States
| | - Apostolos Karanastasis
- Materials Science and Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12054, United States
| | | | | | | | | | - Edmund F Palermo
- Materials Science and Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12054, United States
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19
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Senetra AS, Necelis MR, Caputo GA. Investigation of the structure-activity relationship in ponericin L1 from Neoponera goeldii. Pept Sci (Hoboken) 2020; 112:e24162. [PMID: 33937618 PMCID: PMC8086892 DOI: 10.1002/pep2.24162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Naturally derived antimicrobial peptides have been an area of great interest because of high selectivity against bacterial targets over host cells and the limited development of bacterial resistance to these molecules throughout evolution. There are also a significant number of venom-derived peptides that exhibit antimicrobial activity in addition to activity against mammals or other organisms. Many venom peptides share the same net cationic, amphiphilic nature as host-defense peptides, making them an attractive target for development as potential antibacterial agents. The peptide ponericin L1 derived from Neoponera goeldii was used as a model to investigate the role of cationic residues and net charge on peptide activity. Using a combination of spectroscopic and microbiological approaches, the role of cationic residues and net charge on antibacterial activity, lipid bilayer interactions, and bilayer and membrane permeabilization were investigated. The L1 peptide and derivatives all showed enhanced binding to lipid vesicles containing anionic lipids, but still bound to zwitterionic vesicles. None of the derivatives were especially effective at permeabilizing lipid bilayers in model vesicles, in-tact Escherichia coli, or human red blood cells. Taken together the results indicate that the lack of facial amphiphilicity regarding charge segregation may impact the ability of the L1 peptides to effectively permeabilize bilayers despite effective binding. Additionally, increasing the net charge of the peptide by replacing the lone anionic residue with either Gln or Lys dramatically improved efficacy against several bacterial strains without increasing hemolytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandria S. Senetra
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, U.S.A
| | - Matthew R. Necelis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, U.S.A
| | - Gregory A. Caputo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, U.S.A
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, U.S.A
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20
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Lee JY, Selfridge KM, Kohn EM, Vaden TD, Caputo GA. Effects of Ionic Liquid Alkyl Chain Length on Denaturation of Myoglobin by Anionic, Cationic, and Zwitterionic Detergents. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9070264. [PMID: 31288435 PMCID: PMC6681400 DOI: 10.3390/biom9070264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The unique electrochemical properties of ionic liquids (ILs) have motivated their use as solvents for organic synthesis and green energy applications. More recently, their potential in pharmaceutical chemistry has prompted investigation into their effects on biomolecules. There is evidence that some ILs can destabilize proteins via a detergent-like manner; however, the mechanism still remains unknown. Our hypothesis is that if ILs are denaturing proteins via a detergent-like mechanism, detergent-mediated protein unfolding should be enhanced in the presence of ILs. The properties of myoglobin was examined in the presence of a zwitterionic (N,N-dimethyl-N-dodecylglycine betaine (Empigen BB®, EBB)), cationic (tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (TTAB)), and anionic (sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)) detergent as well as ILs based on alkylated imidazolium chlorides. Protein structure was measured through a combination of absorbance, fluorescence, and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy: absorbance and CD were used to monitor heme complexation to myoglobin, and tryptophan fluorescence quenching was used as an indicator for heme dissociation. Notably, the detergents tested did not fully denature the protein but instead resulted in loss of the heme group. At low IL concentrations, heme dissociation remained a traditional, cooperative process; at high concentrations, ILs with increased detergent-like character exhibited a more complex pattern, which is most likely attributable to micellization of the ionic liquids or direct denaturation or heme dissociation induced by the ILs. These trends were consistent across all species of detergents. 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH) fluorescence was further used to characterize micelle formation in aqueous solutions containing detergent and ionic liquid. The dissociation thermodynamics show that EBB- and TTAB-induced dissociation of heme is not significantly impacted by room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs), whereas SDS-induced dissociation is more dramatically impacted by all RTILs examined. Together, these results indicate a complex interaction of detergents, likely based on headgroup charge, and the active component of RTILs to influence heme dissociation and potentially protein denaturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Y Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
- Bantivoglio Honors College, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
| | - Katherine M Selfridge
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
| | - Eric M Kohn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
- Bantivoglio Honors College, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
| | - Timothy D Vaden
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
| | - Gregory A Caputo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028 USA.
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21
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Hitchner MA, Santiago-Ortiz LE, Necelis MR, Shirley DJ, Palmer TJ, Tarnawsky KE, Vaden TD, Caputo GA. Activity and characterization of a pH-sensitive antimicrobial peptide. Biochim Biophys Acta Biomembr 2019; 1861:182984. [PMID: 31075228 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been an area of great interest, due to the high selectivity of these molecules toward bacterial targets over host cells and the limited development of bacterial resistance to these molecules throughout evolution. Previous work showed that when Histidine was incorporated into the peptide C18G it lost antimicrobial activity. The role of pH on activity and biophysical properties of the peptide was investigated to explain this phenomenon. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) results demonstrated that decreased media pH increased antimicrobial activity. Trichloroethanol (TCE) quenching and red-edge excitation spectroscopy (REES) showed a clear pH dependence on peptide aggregation in solution. Trp fluorescence was used to monitor binding to lipid vesicles and demonstrated the peptide binds to anionic bilayers at all pH values tested, however, binding to zwitterionic bilayers was enhanced at pH 7 and 8 (above the His pKa). Dual Quencher Analysis (DQA) confirmed the peptide inserted more deeply in PC:PG and PE:PG membranes, but could insert into PC bilayers at pH conditions above the His pKa. Bacterial membrane permeabilization assays which showed enhanced membrane permeabilization at pH 5 and 6 but vesicle leakage assays indicate enhanced permeabilization of PC and PC:PG bilayers at neutral pH. The results indicate the ionization of the His side chain affects the aggregation state of the peptide in solution and the conformation the peptide adopts when bound to bilayers, but there are likely more subtle influences of lipid composition and properties that impact the ability of the peptide to form pores in membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan A Hitchner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, NJ 08028, United States of America
| | - Luis E Santiago-Ortiz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, NJ 08028, United States of America
| | - Matthew R Necelis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, NJ 08028, United States of America
| | - David J Shirley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, NJ 08028, United States of America
| | - Thaddeus J Palmer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, NJ 08028, United States of America
| | - Katharine E Tarnawsky
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, NJ 08028, United States of America
| | - Timothy D Vaden
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, NJ 08028, United States of America
| | - Gregory A Caputo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, NJ 08028, United States of America; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, NJ 08028, United States of America.
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22
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Chrom CL, Renn LM, Caputo GA. Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity of Amphiphilic Peptide AP3 and Derivative Sequences. Antibiotics (Basel) 2019; 8:antibiotics8010020. [PMID: 30845708 PMCID: PMC6466588 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics8010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The continued emergence of new antibiotic resistant bacterial strains has resulted in great interest in the development of new antimicrobial treatments. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are one of many potential classes of molecules to help meet this emerging need. AMPs are naturally derived sequences, which act as part of the innate immune system of organisms ranging from insects through humans. We investigated the antimicrobial peptide AP3, which is originally isolated from the winter flounder Pleuronectes americanus. This peptide is of specific interest because it does not exhibit the canonical facially amphiphilic orientation of side chains when in a helical orientation. Different analogs of AP3 were synthesized in which length, charge identity, and Trp position were varied to investigate the sequence-structure and activity relationship. We performed biophysical and microbiological characterization using fluorescence spectroscopy, CD spectroscopy, vesicle leakage assays, bacterial membrane permeabilization assays, and minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays. Fluorescence spectroscopy showed that the peptides bind to lipid bilayers to similar extents, while CD spectra show the peptides adopt helical conformations. All five peptides tested in this study exhibited binding to model lipid membranes, while the truncated peptides showed no measurable antimicrobial activity. The most active peptide proved to be the parent peptide AP3 with the highest degree of leakage and bacterial membrane permeabilization. Moreover, it was found that the ability to permeabilize model and bacterial membranes correlated most closely with the ability to predict antimicrobial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina L Chrom
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA.
| | - Lindsay M Renn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA.
| | - Gregory A Caputo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA.
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23
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Kohn E, Shirly D, Fry CH, Caputo GA. Peptide Assisted Supramolecular Polymerization of the Anionic Porphyrin Meso-Tetra(4-Sulfonatophenyl)Porphine. Biophys J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2018.11.2580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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24
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Santiago-Ortiz L, Hitchner M, Palmer T, Caputo GA. Characterization of a Histidine Containing Antimicrobial Peptide with pH Dependent Activity. Biophys J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2018.11.493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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25
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Zhou Z, Ergene C, Lee JY, Shirley DJ, Carone BR, Caputo GA, Palermo EF. Sequence and Dispersity Are Determinants of Photodynamic Antibacterial Activity Exerted by Peptidomimetic Oligo(thiophene)s. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:1896-1906. [PMID: 30574776 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b19098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A library of functionalized oligo(thiophene)s with precisely controlled chain length, regioregularity, sequence, and pendant moieties in the side chains was prepared by iterative convergent/divergent organometallic couplings. The cationic and facially amphiphilic structures were designed to mimic the salient physiochemical features of host defense peptides (HDPs) while concurrently exerting a photodynamic mechanism of antibacterial activity. In the dark, the oligothiophenes exert broad-spectrum and rapid bactericidal activity in the micromolar regime, which is the typical range of HDP activity. Under visible light, the antibacterial potency is enhanced by orders of magnitude, leading to potency in the nanomolar concentration range, whereas the toxicity to red blood cells (RBCs) is almost unaffected by the same visible light exposure. We attribute the potent and selective antibacterial activity to a dual mechanism of action that involves bacterial cell binding, combined with reactive oxygen species production in the bound state. Comonomer sequence and chain length dispersity play important roles in dictating the observed biological activities. The most promising candidate compound from a set of screening experiments showed antibacterial activity that is 3 orders of magnitude more potent against bacteria relative to toxicity against RBCs. Importantly, this compound did not induce resistance upon 21 subinhibitory passages, whereas the activity of ciprofloxacin was reduced 32× in the same condition. Cytotoxicity against HeLa cells in vitro is orders of magnitude weaker than antibacterial activity under visible light illumination. Thus, we have established a new class of HDP-mimetic antibacterial compounds with nanomolar activity and cell type selectivity of greater than 1300-fold. These and related compounds may be highly promising candidates in the urgent search for new topical photodynamic antibacterial formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhou
- Materials Science and Engineering , Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy , New York 12054 , United States
| | - Cansu Ergene
- Materials Science and Engineering , Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy , New York 12054 , United States
| | | | | | | | | | - Edmund F Palermo
- Materials Science and Engineering , Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy , New York 12054 , United States
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Abstract
The location of fluorescent groups relative to the lipid bilayer can be evaluated using fluorescence quenchers embedded in the membrane and/or dissolved in aqueous solution. Quenching can be used to define the membrane topography of membrane proteins and individual membrane-embedded hydrophobic helices by combining it with the placement of fluorescent groups, including Trp, at defined sequence positions. This chapter briefly discusses various quenching methods for studies of membrane protein topography, and provides detailed protocols for dual quencher analysis (DQA), a rapid, highly sensitive, and experimentally flexible approach in which the information gained from both a membrane-embedded and aqueous quencher is combined. The advantages of the DQA method include flexibility with regard to the bilayer compositions to which it can be applied, including membranes composed of lipids of varying head group and acyl chain compositions, as well as the ability to identify mixed populations of fluorophores residing at different depths within the bilayer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory A Caputo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, USA
| | - Erwin London
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
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Kohn EM, Lee JY, Calabro A, Vaden TD, Caputo GA. Heme Dissociation from Myoglobin in the Presence of the Zwitterionic Detergent N, N-Dimethyl- N-Dodecylglycine Betaine: Effects of Ionic Liquids. Biomolecules 2018; 8:biom8040126. [PMID: 30380655 PMCID: PMC6315634 DOI: 10.3390/biom8040126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
We have investigated myoglobin protein denaturation using the zwitterionic detergent Empigen BB (EBB, N,N-Dimethyl-N-dodecylglycine betaine). A combination of absorbance, fluorescence, and circular dichroism spectroscopic measurements elucidated the protein denaturation and heme dissociation from myoglobin. The results indicated that Empigen BB was not able to fully denature the myoglobin structure, but apparently can induce the dissociation of the heme group from the protein. This provides a way to estimate the heme binding free energy, ΔGdissociation. As ionic liquids (ILs) have been shown to perturb the myoglobin protein, we have investigated the effects of the ILs 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (BMICl), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate (EMIAc), and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (BMIBF4) in aqueous solution on the ΔGdissociation values. Absorbance experiments show the ILs had minimal effect on ΔGdissociation values when compared to controls. Fluorescence and circular dichroism data confirm the ILs have no effect on heme dissociation, demonstrating that low concentrations ILs do not impact the heme dissociation from the protein and do not significantly denature myoglobin on their own or in combination with EBB. These results provide important data for future studies of the mechanism of IL-mediated protein stabilization/destabilization and biocompatibility studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric M Kohn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA.
- Bantivoglio Honors College, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA.
| | - Joshua Y Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA.
- Bantivoglio Honors College, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA.
| | - Anthony Calabro
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA.
| | - Timothy D Vaden
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA.
| | - Gregory A Caputo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA.
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biosciences, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA.
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Abstract
Amphiphilic alpha-helices are common motifs used in numerous biological systems including membrane channels/pores and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), and binding proteins, and a variety of synthetic biomaterials. Previously, an amphiphilic peptide with lysine-containing motifs was shown to reversibly bind the anionic porphyrin meso-Tetra(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin (TPPS4 2-) and promote the formation of excitonically coupled conductive J-aggregates. The work presented here focuses on the use of this amphiphilic peptide and derivatives as a potential antimicrobial agent. AMPs are naturally occurring components of the innate immune system, which selectively target and kill bacteria. Sequence derivatives were synthesized in which the position of the Trp, used as a fluorescence reporter, was changed. Additional variants were synthesized where the hydrophobic amino acids were replaced with Ala to reduce net hydrophobicity or where the cationic Lys residues were replaced with diaminopropionic acid (Dap). All peptide sequences retained the ability to bind TPPS4 2- and promote the formation of J-aggregates. The peptides all exhibited a preference for binding anionic lipid vesicles compared to zwitterionic bilayers. The Trp position did not impact antimicrobial activity, but the substituted peptides exhibited markedly lower efficacy. The Dap-containing peptide was only active against E. coli and P. aeruginosa, while the Ala-substituted peptide was inactive at the concentrations tested. This trend was also evident in bacterial membrane permeabilization. The results indicate that the amphiphilic porphyrin binding peptides can also be used as antimicrobial peptides. The cationic nature is a driver in binding to lipid bilayers, but the overall hydrophobicity is important for antimicrobial activity and membrane disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Shirley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road Glassboro, NJ 08028
| | - Christina L Chrom
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road Glassboro, NJ 08028
| | - Elizabeth A Richards
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road Glassboro, NJ 08028.,Bantivoglio Honors College, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road Glassboro, NJ 08028
| | - Benjamin R Carone
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road Glassboro, NJ 08028
| | - Gregory A Caputo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road Glassboro, NJ 08028.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road Glassboro, NJ 08028
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29
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Lupino KM, Romano KA, Simons MJ, Gregg JT, Panepinto L, Cruz GM, Grajek L, Caputo GA, Hickman MJ, Hecht GB. A Recurrent Silent Mutation Implicates fecA in Ethanol Tolerance by Escherichia coli. BMC Microbiol 2018; 18:36. [PMID: 29669516 PMCID: PMC5907409 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-018-1180-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background An issue associated with efficient bioethanol production is the fact that the desired product is toxic to the biocatalyst. Among other effects, ethanol has previously been found to influence the membrane of E. coli in a dose-dependent manner and induce changes in the lipid composition of the plasma membrane. We describe here the characterization of a collection of ethanol-tolerant strains derived from the ethanologenic Escherichia coli strain FBR5. Results Membrane permeability assays indicate that many of the strains in the collection have alterations in membrane permeability and/or responsiveness of the membrane to environmental changes such as temperature shifts or ethanol exposure. However, analysis of the strains by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry revealed no qualitative changes in the acyl chain composition of membrane lipids in response to ethanol or temperature. To determine whether these strains contain any mutations that might contribute to ethanol tolerance or changes in membrane permeability, we sequenced the entire genome of each strain. Unexpectedly, none of the strains displayed mutations in genes known to control membrane lipid synthesis, and a few strains carried no mutations at all. Interestingly, we found that four independently-isolated strains acquired an identical C → A (V244 V) silent mutation in the ferric citrate transporter gene fecA. Further, we demonstrated that either a deletion of fecA or over-expression of fecA can confer increased ethanol survival, suggesting that any misregulation of fecA expression affects the cellular response to ethanol. Conclusions The fact that no mutations were observed in several ethanol-tolerant strains suggested that epigenetic mechanisms play a role in E. coli ethanol tolerance and membrane permeability. Our data also represent the first direct phenotypic evidence that the fecA gene plays a role in ethanol tolerance. We propose that the recurring silent mutation may exert an effect on phenotype by altering RNA-mediated regulation of fecA expression. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12866-018-1180-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Lupino
- Center of Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Rd, Glassboro, NJ, 08028, USA
| | - Kymberleigh A Romano
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Rd, Glassboro, NJ, 08028, USA
| | - Matthew J Simons
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - John T Gregg
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Rd, Glassboro, NJ, 08028, USA
| | - Leanna Panepinto
- School of Osteopathic Medicine, Rowan University, Stratford, NJ, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Rd, Glassboro, NJ, 08028, USA
| | - Ghislaine M Cruz
- Department of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.,Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Rd, Glassboro, NJ, 08028, USA
| | - Lauren Grajek
- Revlon Research Center, Edison, NJ, USA.,Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Rd, Glassboro, NJ, 08028, USA
| | - Gregory A Caputo
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Rd, Glassboro, NJ, 08028, USA.,Department of Molecular & Cellular Biosciences, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Rd, Glassboro, NJ, 08028, USA
| | - Mark J Hickman
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biosciences, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Rd, Glassboro, NJ, 08028, USA
| | - Gregory B Hecht
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Rd, Glassboro, NJ, 08028, USA.
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30
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Hanna SL, Huang JL, Swinton AJ, Caputo GA, Vaden TD. Synergistic effects of polymyxin and ionic liquids on lipid vesicle membrane stability and aggregation. Biophys Chem 2017; 227:1-7. [PMID: 28526567 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) have been investigated for potential antibacterial and antibiotic applications due to their ability to destabilize and permeabilize the lipid bilayers in cell membranes. Bacterial assays have shown that combining ILs with antibiotics can provide a synergistic enhancement of their antibacterial activities. We have characterized the mechanism by which the conventional ILs 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (BMICl) and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (BMIBF4) enhance the lipid membrane permeabilization of the well-known antibiotic polymyxin B (PMB). We studied the sizes and membrane permeabilities of multilamellar and unilamellar lipid bilayer vesicles in the presence of ILs alone in aqueous solution, PMB alone, and ILs combined together with PMB. Light scattering-based experiments show that vesicle sizes dramatically increase when ILs are combined with PMB, which suggests that the materials combine to synergistically enhance lipid membrane disruption leading to vesicle aggregation. Lipid bilayer leakage experiments using tris (2,2'-bipyridyl) ruthenium (II) (Ru(bpy)32+) trapped in lipid vesicles, in which the trapped Ru(bpy)32+ fluorescence lifetime increases when it leaks out of the vesicle, show that combining BMIBF4 and PMB together permeabilize the membrane significantly more than with PMB or the IL alone. This demonstrates that ILs can assist in antibiotic permeabilization of lipid bilayers which could explain the increased antibiotic activities in the presence of ILs in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia L Hanna
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, NJ 08028, United States
| | - Jenny L Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, NJ 08028, United States
| | - Alana J Swinton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, NJ 08028, United States
| | - Gregory A Caputo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, NJ 08028, United States; Department of Biomedical and Translational Sciences, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, NJ 08028, United States
| | - Timothy D Vaden
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, NJ 08028, United States.
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31
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Borrell KL, Cancglin C, Stinger BL, DeFrates KG, Caputo GA, Wu C, Vaden TD. An Experimental and Molecular Dynamics Study of Red Fluorescent Protein mCherry in Novel Aqueous Amino Acid Ionic Liquids. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:4823-4832. [PMID: 28425717 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b03582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The search for biocompatible ionic liquids (ILs) with novel biochemical and biomedical applications has recently gained greater attention. In this report, we characterize the effects of two novel amino acid-based aqueous ILs composed of tetramethylguanidinium (TMG) and amino acids on the structure and stability of a widely used red fluorescent protein (mCherry). Our experimental data shows that while the aspartic acid-based IL (TMGAsp) has effects similar to previously studied conventional ILs (BMIBF4, EMIAc, and TMGAc), the alanine-based IL (TMGAla) has a much stronger destabilization effect on the protein structure. Addition of 0.30 M TMGAla to mCherry decreases the unfolding temperature from 83 to 60 °C. Even at 25 °C, TMGAla results in a blue shift of the mCherry absorbance and fluorescence peaks and an increased Stokes shift. Molecular dynamics simulations show that the chromophore conformation and its interaction with mCherry with TMGAla are changed relative to those with TMGAsp or in the absence of ILs. Protein-ILs contact analysis indicates that the mCherry-Asp interactions are hydrophilic but the (fewer) mCherry-Ala interactions are more hydrophobic and may modulate the TMG interaction with the protein. Hence, the anion hydrophobicity may explain the special TMGAla destabilization of mCherry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey L Borrell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry amd ‡Department of Biomedical and Translational Sciences, Rowan University , 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Christine Cancglin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry amd ‡Department of Biomedical and Translational Sciences, Rowan University , 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Brittany L Stinger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry amd ‡Department of Biomedical and Translational Sciences, Rowan University , 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Kelsey G DeFrates
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry amd ‡Department of Biomedical and Translational Sciences, Rowan University , 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Gregory A Caputo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry amd ‡Department of Biomedical and Translational Sciences, Rowan University , 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Chun Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry amd ‡Department of Biomedical and Translational Sciences, Rowan University , 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Timothy D Vaden
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry amd ‡Department of Biomedical and Translational Sciences, Rowan University , 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
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32
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Takahashi H, Caputo GA, Vemparala S, Kuroda K. Synthetic Random Copolymers as a Molecular Platform To Mimic Host-Defense Antimicrobial Peptides. Bioconjug Chem 2017; 28:1340-1350. [PMID: 28379682 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic polymers have been used as a molecular platform to develop host-defense antimicrobial peptide (AMP) mimetics which are effective in killing drug-resistant bacteria. In this topical review, we will discuss the AMP-mimetic design and chemical optimization strategies as well as the biological and biophysical implications of AMP mimicry by synthetic polymers. Traditionally, synthetic polymers have been used as a chemical means to replicate the chemical functionalities and physicochemical properties of AMPs (e.g., cationic charge, hydrophobicity) to recapitulate their mode of action. However, we propose a new perception that AMP-mimetic polymers are an inherently bioactive platform as whole molecules, which mimic more than the side chain functionalities of AMPs. The tunable nature and chemical simplicity of synthetic random polymers facilitate the development of potent, cost-effective, broad-spectrum antimicrobials. The polymer-based approach offers the potential for many antimicrobial applications to be used directly in solution or attached to surfaces to fight against drug-resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruko Takahashi
- Center for International Research on Integrative Biomedical Systems, Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo , Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan
| | | | - Satyavani Vemparala
- The Institute of Mathematical Sciences , C.I.T. Campus, Taramani, Chennai, 600113, India
| | - Kenichi Kuroda
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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33
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Shirley D, Chrom CL, Caputo GA. Membrane Binding and Antimicrobial Activity of a Catioinc, Porphyrin-Binding Peptide. Biophys J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2016.11.2066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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34
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Hong S, Takahashi H, Nadres ET, Mortazavian H, Caputo GA, Younger JG, Kuroda K. A Cationic Amphiphilic Random Copolymer with pH-Responsive Activity against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169262. [PMID: 28060853 PMCID: PMC5217864 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In this report, we demonstrate the pH-dependent, in vitro antimicrobial activity of a cationic, amphiphilic random copolymer against clinical isolates of drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. The polymer was developed toward a long-term goal of potential utility in the treatment of skin infections. The proposed mechanism of action of the polymer is through selectively binding to bacterial membranes and subsequent disruption of the membrane structure/integrity, ultimately resulting in bacterial cell death. The polymer showed bactericidal activity against clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant or vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus. The polymer was effective in killing S. aureus at neutral pH, but inactive under acidic conditions (pH 5.5). The polymer did not exhibit any significant hemolytic activity against human red blood cells or display cytotoxicity to human dermal fibroblasts over a range of pH values (5.5–7.4). These results indicate that the polymer activity was selective against bacteria over human cells. Using this polymer, we propose a new potential strategy for treatment of skin infections using the pH-sensitive antimicrobial polymer agent that would selectively target infections at pH-neutral wound sites, but not the acidic, healthy skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungyoup Hong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (SH); (KK)
| | - Haruko Takahashi
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Enrico T. Nadres
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Hamid Mortazavian
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Gregory A. Caputo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - John G. Younger
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Kenichi Kuroda
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SH); (KK)
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35
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Ridgway Z, Picciano AL, Gosavi PM, Moroz YS, Angevine CE, Chavis AE, Reiner JE, Korendovych IV, Caputo GA. Functional characterization of a melittin analog containing a non-natural tryptophan analog. Biopolymers 2016; 104:384-394. [PMID: 25670241 DOI: 10.1002/bip.22624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tryptophan (Trp) is a naturally occurring amino acid, which exhibits fluorescence emission properties that are dependent on the polarity of the local environment around the Trp side chain. However, this sensitivity also complicates interpretation of fluorescence emission data. A non-natural analogue of tryptophan, β-(1-azulenyl)-L-alanine, exhibits fluorescence insensitive to local solvent polarity and does not impact the structure or characteristics of several peptides examined. In this study, we investigated the effect of replacing Trp with β-(1-azulenyl)-L-alanine in the well-known bee-venom peptide melittin. This peptide provides a model framework for investigating the impact of replacing Trp with β-(1-azulenyl)-L-alanine in a functional peptide system that undergoes significant shifts in Trp fluorescence emission upon binding to lipid bilayers. Microbiological methods including assessment of the antimicrobial activity by minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays and bacterial membrane permeability assays indicated little difference between the Trp and the β-(1-azulenyl)-L-alanine-substituted versions of melittin. Circular dichroism spectroscopy showed both that peptides adopted the expected α-helical structures when bound to phospholipid bilayers and electrophysiological analysis indicated that both created membrane disruptions leading to significant conductance increases across model membranes. Both peptides exhibited a marked protection of the respective fluorophores when bound to bilayers indicating a similar membrane-bound topology. As expected, while fluorescence quenching and CD indicate the peptides are stably bound to lipid vesicles, the peptide containing β-(1-azulenyl)-L-alanine exhibited no fluorescence emission shift upon binding while the natural Trp exhibited >10 nm shift in emission spectrum barycenter. Taken together, the β-(1-azulenyl)-L-alanine can serve as a solvent insensitive alternative to Trp that does not have significant impacts on structure or function of membrane interacting peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Ridgway
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro NJ 08028
| | - Angela L Picciano
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro NJ 08028
| | | | - Yurii S Moroz
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse NY 13244.,Present affiliation: ChemBioCenter, Kyiv National Taras Shevchenko University, 61 Chervonotkatska Street, Kyiv 02094, Ukraine
| | | | - Amy E Chavis
- Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond VA 23284
| | - Joseph E Reiner
- Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond VA 23284
| | | | - Gregory A Caputo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro NJ 08028.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Rowan University, Glassboro NJ, 08028
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36
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Takahashi H, Palermo EF, Yasuhara K, Caputo GA, Kuroda K. Macromol. Biosci. 10/2013. Macromol Biosci 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201370036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haruko Takahashi
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences; School of Dentistry, University of Michigan; Ann Arbor Michigan USA
- Department of Polymer Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University; Kyoto Japan
| | - Edmund F. Palermo
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering Center; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor Michigan USA
| | - Kazuma Yasuhara
- Graduate School of Materials Science; Nara Institute of Science and Technology; Nara Japan
| | - Gregory A. Caputo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Rowan University; Glassboro New Jersey USA
| | - Kenichi Kuroda
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences; School of Dentistry, University of Michigan; Ann Arbor Michigan USA
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering Center; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor Michigan USA
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37
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Takahashi H, Palermo EF, Yasuhara K, Caputo GA, Kuroda K. Molecular design, structures, and activity of antimicrobial peptide-mimetic polymers. Macromol Biosci 2013; 13:1285-99. [PMID: 23832766 PMCID: PMC4020117 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201300126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
There is an urgent need for new antibiotics which are effective against drug-resistant bacteria without contributing to resistance development. We have designed and developed antimicrobial copolymers with cationic amphiphilic structures based on the mimicry of naturally occurring antimicrobial peptides. These copolymers exhibit potent antimicrobial activity against a broad spectrum of bacteria including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus with no adverse hemolytic activity. Notably, these polymers also did not result in any measurable resistance development in E. coli. The peptide-mimetic design principle offers significant flexibility and diversity in the creation of new antimicrobial materials and their potential biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruko Takahashi
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Edmund F. Palermo
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kazuma Yasuhara
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara, Japan
| | - Gregory A. Caputo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, USA
| | - Kenichi Kuroda
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Yu L, Clifford J, Pham TT, Almaraz E, Perry F, Caputo GA, Vaden TD. Conductivity, Spectroscopic, and Computational Investigation of H3O+ Solvation in Ionic Liquid BMIBF4. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:7057-64. [DOI: 10.1021/jp402582r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yu
- Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Rowan University, 201
Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro,
New Jersey, United States
| | - Jeremy Clifford
- Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Rowan University, 201
Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro,
New Jersey, United States
| | - Toan T. Pham
- Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Rowan University, 201
Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro,
New Jersey, United States
| | - Eduardo Almaraz
- Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Rowan University, 201
Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro,
New Jersey, United States
| | - Fredrick Perry
- Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Rowan University, 201
Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro,
New Jersey, United States
| | - Gregory A. Caputo
- Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Rowan University, 201
Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro,
New Jersey, United States
| | - Timothy D. Vaden
- Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Rowan University, 201
Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro,
New Jersey, United States
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Moroz YS, Binder W, Nygren P, Caputo GA, Korendovych IV. Painting proteins blue: β-(1-azulenyl)-L-alanine as a probe for studying protein-protein interactions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013. [PMID: 23207368 DOI: 10.1039/c2cc37550h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrated that β-(1-azulenyl)-L-alanine, a fluorescent pseudoisosteric analog of tryptophan, exhibits weak environmental dependence and thus allows for using weak intrinsic quenchers, such as methionines, to monitor protein-protein interactions while not perturbing them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurii S Moroz
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, 111 College Place, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
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40
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Abstract
Hydrophobic matching between transmembrane protein segments and the lipid bilayer in which they are embedded is a significant factor in the behavior and orientation of such transmembrane segments. The condition of hydrophobic mismatch occurs when the hydrophobic thickness of a lipid bilayer is significantly different than the length of the membrane spanning segment of a protein, resulting in a mismatch. This mismatch can result in altered function of proteins as well as nonnative structural arrangements including effects on transmembrane α-helix tilt angles, oligomerization state, and/or the formation of non-transmembrane topographies. Here, a fluorescence-based protocol is described for testing model transmembrane α-helices and their sensitivity to hydrophobic mismatch by measuring the propensity of these helices to form non-transmembrane structures. Overall, good hydrophobic matching between the bilayer and transmembrane segments is an important factor that must be considered when designing membrane proteins or peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory A Caputo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, USA
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41
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Ridgway Z, Picciano A, Caputo GA. Effects of Arginine and Arginine Mimics on Antimicrobial Peptide Behavior. Biophys J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2012.11.3344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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42
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Kuroda K, Caputo GA. Antimicrobial polymers as synthetic mimics of host-defense peptides. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2012; 5:49-66. [PMID: 23076870 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotic-resistant bacteria 'superbugs' are an emerging threat to public health due to the decrease in effective antibiotics as well as the slowed pace of development of new antibiotics to replace those that become ineffective. The need for new antimicrobial agents is a well-documented issue relating to world health. Tremendous efforts have been given to developing compounds that not only show high efficacy, but also those that are less susceptible to resistance development in the bacteria. However, the development of newer, stronger antibiotics which can overcome these acquired resistances is still a scientific challenge because a new mode of antimicrobial action is likely required. To that end, amphiphilic, cationic polymers have emerged as a promising candidate for further development as an antimicrobial agent with decreased potential for resistance development. These polymers are designed to mimic naturally occurring host-defense antimicrobial peptides which act on bacterial cell walls or membranes. Antimicrobial-peptide mimetic polymers display antibacterial activity against a broad spectrum of bacteria including drug-resistant strains and are less susceptible to resistance development in bacteria. These polymers also showed selective activity to bacteria over mammalian cells. Antimicrobial polymers provide a new molecular framework for chemical modification and adaptation to tune their biological functions. The peptide-mimetic design of antimicrobial polymers will be versatile, generating a new generation of antibiotics toward implementation of polymers in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Kuroda
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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43
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Gibney KA, Sovadinova I, Lopez AI, Urban M, Ridgway Z, Caputo GA, Kuroda K. Poly(ethylene imine)s as antimicrobial agents with selective activity. Macromol Biosci 2012; 12:1279-89. [PMID: 22865776 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201200052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2012] [Revised: 05/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
We report the structure-activity relationship in the antimicrobial activity of linear and branched poly(ethylene imine)s (L- and B-PEIs) with a range of molecular weights (MWs) (500-12,000). Both L- and B-PEIs displayed enhanced activity against Staphylococcus aureus over Escherichia coli. Both B- and L-PEIs did not cause any significant permeabilization of E. coli cytoplasmic membrane. L-PEIs induced depolarization of S. aureus membrane although B-PEIs did not. The low MW B-PEIs caused little or no hemolysis while L-PEIs are hemolytic. The low MW B-PEIs are less cytotoxic to human HEp-2 cells than other PEIs. However, they induced significant cell viability reduction after 24 h incubation. The results presented here highlight the interplay between polymer size and structure on activity.
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44
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Arotsky L, Yawson E, Hagens L, Urban M, Caputo GA. Antimicrobial Peptides Which Exhibit Lipid Composition Dependent Membrane Binding and Sequence Dependent Efficacy of Bacteriolysis. Biophys J 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2010.12.2025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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45
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Kuciauskas D, Kiskis J, Caputo GA, Gulbinas V. Exciton Annihilation and Energy Transfer in Self-Assembled Peptide−Porphyrin Complexes Depends on Peptide Secondary Structure. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:16029-35. [DOI: 10.1021/jp108685n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Darius Kuciauskas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, New Jersey 08108, United States and Institute of Physics, Centre for Physical and Technological Sciences, Savanoriu 238, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Juris Kiskis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, New Jersey 08108, United States and Institute of Physics, Centre for Physical and Technological Sciences, Savanoriu 238, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Gregory A. Caputo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, New Jersey 08108, United States and Institute of Physics, Centre for Physical and Technological Sciences, Savanoriu 238, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Vidmantas Gulbinas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, New Jersey 08108, United States and Institute of Physics, Centre for Physical and Technological Sciences, Savanoriu 238, Vilnius, Lithuania
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Ivankin A, Livne L, Mor A, Caputo GA, DeGrado WF, Meron M, Lin B, Gidalevitz D. Role of the conformational rigidity in the design of biomimetic antimicrobial compounds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:8462-5. [PMID: 20872385 PMCID: PMC4112193 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201003104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Ivankin
- Center for Molecular Study of Condensed Soft Matter (μCoSM), and Division of Physics, BCPS Department, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3440 S Dearborn Street, Chicago, IL 60616 (USA)
| | - Liran Livne
- Department of Biotechnology & Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, (Israel)
| | - Amram Mor
- Department of Biotechnology & Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, (Israel)
| | - Gregory A. Caputo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, NJ 08028 (USA)
| | - William F. DeGrado
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, School of Medicine, 36 & Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6059 (USA)
| | - Mati Meron
- CARS, University of Chicago Chicago, IL 60637 (USA)
| | - Binhua Lin
- CARS, University of Chicago Chicago, IL 60637 (USA)
| | - David Gidalevitz
- Center for Molecular Study of Condensed Soft Matter (μCoSM), and Division of Physics, BCPS Department, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3440 S Dearborn Street, Chicago, IL 60616 (USA)
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Ivankin A, Livne L, Mor A, Caputo GA, DeGrado WF, Meron M, Lin B, Gidalevitz D. Role of the Conformational Rigidity in the Design of Biomimetic Antimicrobial Compounds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201003104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Abstract
Using absorbance, fluorescence, resonance light scattering, and circular dichroism spectroscopy, we studied the self-assembly of the anionic meso-tetra(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphine (TPPS(4)(2-/4-)) and a cationic 22-residue polypeptide. We found that three TPPS(4)(2-/4-) molecules bind to the peptide, which contains nine lysine residues in the primary sequence. In acidic solutions, when the peptide is in the random-coil conformation, TPPS(4)(2-) bound to the peptide forms excitonically coupled J-aggregates. In pH 7.6 solutions, when the peptide secondary structure is partially alpha-helical, the porphyrin-to-peptide binding constants are approximately the same as in acidic solutions (approximately 3 x 10(6) M(-1)), but excitonic interactions between the porphyrins are insignificant. The binding of TPPS(4)(2-/4-) to lysine-containing peptides is cooperative and can be described by the Hill model. Our results show that porphyrin binding can be used to change the secondary structure of peptide-based biomaterials. In addition, binding to peptides could be used to optimize porphyrin intermolecular electronic interactions (exciton coupling), which is relevant for the design of light-harvesting antennas for artificial photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darius Kuciauskas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, USA.
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49
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Yawson E, Foster J, Caputo GA. Antimicrobial Peptide C18G binds to Lipid Bilayers in a Lipid Composition Dependent Manner. Biophys J 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2008.12.700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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50
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Abstract
We synthesized cationic random amphiphilic copolymers by radical copolymerization of methacrylate monomers with cationic or hydrophobic groups and evaluated their antimicrobial and hemolytic activities. The nature of the hydrophobic groups, and polymer composition and length were systematically varied to investigate how structural parameters affect polymer activity. This allowed us to obtain the optimal composition of polymers suitable to act as non-toxic antimicrobials as well as non-selective polymeric biocides. The antimicrobial activity depends sigmoidally on the mole fraction of hydrophobic groups (f(HB)). The hemolytic activity increases as f(HB) increases and levels off at high values of f(HB), especially for the high-molecular-weight polymers. Plots of HC(50) values versus the number of hydrophobic side chains in a polymer chain for each polymer series showed a good correlation and linear relationship in the log-log plots. We also developed a theoretical model to analyze the hemolytic activity of polymers and demonstrated that the hemolytic activity can be described as a balance of membrane binding of polymers through partitioning of hydrophobic side chains into lipid layers and the hydrophobic collapsing of polymer chains. The study on the membrane binding of dye-labeled polymers to large, unilamellar vesicles showed that the hydrophobicity of polymers enhances their binding to lipid bilayers and induces collapse of the polymer chain in solution, reducing the apparent affinity of polymers for the membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Kuroda
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1011 N. University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109 (USA), Fax: (+1) 734-647-2110,
| | - Gregory A. Caputo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Rd., Glassboro, NJ 08028 (USA), Fax: (+1) 856-256-5453,
| | - William F. DeGrado
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 36th & Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6059 (USA)
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