1
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Mochizuki T, Yoshida M, Kobayashi A, Kato M. Controlled crystallisation of porous crystals of luminescent platinum(II) complexes by electronic tuning of ancillary ligands. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:12064-12072. [PMID: 38616678 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00713a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Porous molecular crystals (PMCs) have gained significant importance as next-generation functional porous materials. However, the selective crystallisation of the PMC phase remains a challenge. Herein, we have systematically controlled the stability of the luminescent PMC phase prepared using the luminescent Pt(II) complex [Pt(pbim)(N^O)] (pbim = 2-phenylbenzimidazolate, N^O = N-heteroaryl carboxylate) with Pt⋯Pt electronic interactions. The PMC phase formation varied significantly among the complexes depending on the heteroaryl group of the ancillary N^O ligand; the oxazolyl-bearing complex did not form a PMC phase, whereas the pyrazyl- and 5-fluoropyridyl-bearing complexes spontaneously formed a porous structure. This difference was rationalised by the π-stacking capability of the heteroaryl group of the ancillary ligand. Furthermore, owing to the presence of the one-dimensional Pt⋯Pt chains in this PMC phase, the photophysical properties of PMCs resulting from the Pt⋯Pt interactions were also significantly changed by the ancillary ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanari Mochizuki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, North-10 West-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Masaki Yoshida
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen-Uegahara, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1330, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, North-10 West-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Masako Kato
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen-Uegahara, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1330, Japan.
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2
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Shi Y, Ding Y, Tao W, Wei P. Solvent-Triggered Fast and Visible Switching between Cage- and Channel-Type Hydrogen-Bonded Organic Frameworks. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:36071-36078. [PMID: 35904893 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c11800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The inherent weak bonding nature of hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) performs like a double-edged sword in that it endows HOFs with superiority in processability and dynamicity but deactivates its on-demand controllability in the crystalline phase. Herein, based on the synergy of dynamic H-bonding interactions and the tailored low solubility in common organic solvents, reversible and fast topological transitions between cage- and channel-type HOFs were achieved upon immersing in the solution state. The aggregation-induced-emission character of the tecton facilitates the visualization of the elusive initial transition process with high sensitivity. In addition, the visible transition from cage- and channel-type HOFs to thermally stable crystalline phases is also achieved under thermal induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadong Shi
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui Graphene Engineering Laboratory, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Yanglan Ding
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui Graphene Engineering Laboratory, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Wei Tao
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui Graphene Engineering Laboratory, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Peifa Wei
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui Graphene Engineering Laboratory, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
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3
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Hsu YF, Wu TW, Kang YH, Wu CY, Liu YH, Peng SM, Kong KV, Yang JS. Porous Supramolecular Assembly of Pentiptycene-Containing Gold(I) Complexes: Persistent Excited-State Aurophilicity and Inclusion-Induced Emission Enhancement. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:11981-11991. [PMID: 35838662 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report herein a porous supramolecular framework formed by a linear mononuclear Au(I) complex (1) via the tongue-and-groove-like joinery between the pentiptycene U-cavities (grooves) and the rod-shaped π-conjugated backbone and alkyl chains (tongues) with the assistance of C-H···π and aurophilic interactions. The framework contains distorted tetrahedral Au4 units, which undergo stepwise and persistent photoinduced Au(I)-Au(I) bond shortening (excited-state aurophilicity), leading to multicolored luminescence photochromism. The one-dimensional pore channels could accommodate different solvates and guests, and the guest inclusion-induced luminescence enhancement (up to 300%) and/or vapochromism are characterized. A correlation between the aurophilic bonding and the luminescence activity is uncovered by TDDFT calculations. Isostructural derivatives 2 and 3 corroborate both the robustness of the porous supramolecular assembly and the mechanisms of the stimulation-induced luminescence properties of 1. This work demonstrates the cooperation of aurophilicity and structural porosity and adaptability in achieving novel supramolecular photochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Feng Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617 Taiwan
| | - Ting-Wei Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617 Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsuan Kang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617 Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yun Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617 Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hung Liu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617 Taiwan
| | - Shie-Ming Peng
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617 Taiwan
| | - Kien Voon Kong
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617 Taiwan
| | - Jye-Shane Yang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617 Taiwan
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4
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Solid-state luminescence of Au(I) complexes with external stimuli-responsive properties. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C: PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2021.100478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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5
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Moutier F, Schiller J, Lecourt C, Khalil AM, Delmas V, Calvez G, Costuas K, Lescop C. Impact of Intermolecular Non‐Covalent Interactions in a Cu
I
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Pd
II
1
Discrete Assembly: Conformers’ Geometries and Stimuli‐Sensitive Luminescence Properties. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202104497. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202104497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Florent Moutier
- Université Rennes INSA Rennes, CNRS, ISCR – UMR6226 35000 Rennes France
| | - Jana Schiller
- Université Rennes INSA Rennes, CNRS, ISCR – UMR6226 35000 Rennes France
| | - Constance Lecourt
- Université Rennes INSA Rennes, CNRS, ISCR – UMR6226 35000 Rennes France
| | | | - Vincent Delmas
- Université Rennes INSA Rennes, CNRS, ISCR – UMR6226 35000 Rennes France
| | - Guillaume Calvez
- Université Rennes INSA Rennes, CNRS, ISCR – UMR6226 35000 Rennes France
| | - Karine Costuas
- Université Rennes INSA Rennes, CNRS, ISCR – UMR6226 35000 Rennes France
| | - Christophe Lescop
- Université Rennes INSA Rennes, CNRS, ISCR – UMR6226 35000 Rennes France
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6
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Multiple yet switchable hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks with white-light emission. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1882. [PMID: 35388019 PMCID: PMC8987099 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29565-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of new strategies to construct on-demand porous lattice frameworks from simple motifs is desirable. However, mitigating complexity while combing multiplicity and reversibility in the porous architectures is a challenging task. Herein, based on the synergy of dynamic intermolecular interactions and flexible molecular conformation of a simple cyano-modified tetraphenylethylene tecton, eleven kinetic-stable hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) with various shapes and two thermo-stable non-porous structures with rare perpendicular conformation are obtained. Multimode reversible structural transformations along with visible fluorescence output between porous and non-porous or between different porous forms is realized under different external stimuli. Furthermore, the collaborative of flexible framework and soft long-chain guests facilitate the relaxation from intrinsic blue emission to yellow emission in the excited state, which represents a strategy for generating white-light emission. The dynamic intermolecular interactions, facilitated by flexible molecular conformation and soft guests, diversifies the strategies of construction of versatile smart molecular frameworks. Switchable hydrogen-bonded frameworks have potential applications in the development of smart materials. Herein, the authors report eleven hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks and two non-porous structures that can undergo reversible structural and fluorescence switching; white-light emission is enabled.
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7
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Perruchas S. Molecular copper iodide clusters: a distinguishing family of mechanochromic luminescent compounds. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:12031-12044. [PMID: 34378598 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt01827b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mechanochromic luminescent materials displaying switchable luminescence properties in response to external mechanical force are currently attracting wide interest because of their multiple potential applications. In the growing number of mechanochromic luminescent compounds, mechanochromic complexes based on copper present appealing features with a large variety of mechanochromic properties and economical advantages over other metals. Among Cu-based compounds, molecular copper iodide clusters of cubane geometry with formula [Cu4I4L4] (L = organic ligand) stand out. Indeed, they can exhibit multiple luminescent stimuli-responsive properties, being particularly suitable for the development of multifunctional photoactive systems. This perspective describes the survey of these mechanochromic luminescent cubane copper iodide clusters. Based on our investigations, their mechanochromic luminescence properties are presented along with the study of the underlying mechanism. Establishment of structure-property relationships supported by various characterization techniques and associated with theoretical investigations permits gaining insights into the mechanism at play. Studies of other researcher groups are also described and illustrate the interest shown by these mechanochromic compounds. Mechanically responsive films are reported, demonstrating their potential use in a range of applications of such copper-based stimuli-responsive materials. Current challenges faced by the development of technological applications are finally outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Perruchas
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel, IMN, F-44000 Nantes, France.
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8
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Hsu YF, Chen SY, Maity S, Liu YH, Peng SM, Yang JS. A polymorphic pentiptycene-containing gold(I) isocyanide complex: solvent- and conformation-dependent supramolecular luminescence. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:15602-15606. [PMID: 33164020 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt03105d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Four crystalline (pseudo)polymorphs of [Ph-Au-C[triple bond, length as m-dash]N-Phip-OC8H17] (1), where Phip = central phenylene of pentiptycene, reveal that the π-backbone conformation relative to the AuAu bonding axis is important in determining the energy and efficiency of the supramolecular luminescence, which offers mechanistic insights into the luminescence mechanochromism and vapochromism and the solvent-dependent aggregation-induced emission (AIE) of 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Feng Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
| | - Ssu-Ying Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
| | - Subhendu Maity
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Hung Liu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
| | - Shie-Ming Peng
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
| | - Jye-Shane Yang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
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9
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Kobayashi R, Fujii T, Imoto H, Naka K. Dinuclear Gold(I) Chloride Complexes with Diarsine Ligands. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202000810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Kobayashi
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering Graduate School of Science and Technology Kyoto Institute of Technology Goshokaido‐cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo‐ku 606‐8585 Kyoto Japan
| | - Toshiki Fujii
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering Graduate School of Science and Technology Kyoto Institute of Technology Goshokaido‐cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo‐ku 606‐8585 Kyoto Japan
| | - Hiroaki Imoto
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering Graduate School of Science and Technology Kyoto Institute of Technology Goshokaido‐cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo‐ku 606‐8585 Kyoto Japan
- Materials Innovation Lab Kyoto Institute of Technology Goshokaido‐cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo‐ku 606‐8585 Kyoto Japan
| | - Kensuke Naka
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering Graduate School of Science and Technology Kyoto Institute of Technology Goshokaido‐cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo‐ku 606‐8585 Kyoto Japan
- Materials Innovation Lab Kyoto Institute of Technology Goshokaido‐cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo‐ku 606‐8585 Kyoto Japan
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10
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Seifert TP, Naina VR, Feuerstein TJ, Knöfel ND, Roesky PW. Molecular gold strings: aurophilicity, luminescence and structure-property correlations. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:20065-20088. [PMID: 33001101 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr04748a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This review covers the compound class of one-dimensional gold strings. These compounds feature a formally infinite repetition of gold complexes as monomers/repeating units that are held together by aurophilic interactions, i.e. direct gold-gold contacts. Their molecular structures are primarily determined in the solid state using single crystal X-ray diffraction. The chemical composition of the employed gold complexes is diverse and furthermore plays a key role in terms of structure characteristics and the resulting properties. One of the most common features of gold strings is their photoluminescence upon UV excitation. The emission energy is often dependent on the distance of adjacent gold ions and the electronic structure of the whole string. In terms of gold strings, these parameters can be fine-tuned by external stimuli such as solvent, pH value, pressure or mechanical stress. This leads to direct structure-property correlations, not only with regard to the photophysical properties, but also electric conductivity for potential application in nanoelectronics. Concerning these correlations, gold strings, consisting of self-assembled individual complexes as building blocks, are the ideal compound class to look at, as perturbations by an inhomogeneity in the ligand sphere (such as the end of a molecule) can be neglected. Therefore, the aim of this review is to shed light on the past achievements and current developments in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim P Seifert
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Vanitha R Naina
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Thomas J Feuerstein
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Nicolai D Knöfel
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Peter W Roesky
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
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11
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Utrera-Melero R, Huitorel B, Cordier M, Mevellec JY, Massuyeau F, Latouche C, Martineau-Corcos C, Perruchas S. Combining Theory and Experiment to Get Insight into the Amorphous Phase of Luminescent Mechanochromic Copper Iodide Clusters. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:13607-13620. [PMID: 32909432 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In the field of stimuli-responsive luminescent materials, mechanochromic compounds exhibiting reversible emission color changes activated by mechanical stimulation present appealing perspectives in sensor applications. The mechanochromic luminescence properties of the molecular cubane copper iodide cluster [Cu4I4[PPh2(C6H4-CH2OH)]4] (1) are reported in this study. This compound can form upon melting an amorphous phase, giving an unprecedented opportunity to investigate the mechanochromism phenomenon. Because the mechanically induced crystalline-to-amorphous transition is only partial, the completely amorphous phase represents the ultimate state of the mechanically altered phase. Furthermore, the studied compound could form two different crystalline polymorphs, namely, [Cu4I4[PPh2(C6H4-CH2OH)]4]·C2H3N (1·CH3CN) and [Cu4I4[PPh2(C6H4-CH2OH)]4]·3C4H8O (1·THF), allowing the establishment of straightforward structure-property relationships. Photophysical and structural characterizations of 1 in different states were performed, and the experimental data were supported by theoretical investigations. Solid-state NMR analysis permitted quantification of the amorphous part in the mechanically altered phase. IR and Raman analysis enabled identification of the spectroscopic signatures of each state. Density functional theory calculations led to assignment of both the NMR characteristics and the vibrational bands. Rationalization of the photoluminescence properties was also conducted, with simulation of the phosphorescence spectra allowing an accurate interpretation of the thermochromic luminescence properties of this family of compounds. The combined study of crystalline polymorphism and the amorphous state allowed us to get deeper into the mechanochromism mechanism that implies changes of the [Cu4I4] cluster core geometry. Through the combination of multistimuli-responsive properties, copper iodide clusters constitute an appealing class of compounds toward original functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Utrera-Melero
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel, IMN, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Brendan Huitorel
- Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Condensée, CNRS-Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - Marie Cordier
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire, CNRS-Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Yves Mevellec
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel, IMN, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Florian Massuyeau
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel, IMN, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Camille Latouche
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel, IMN, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Charlotte Martineau-Corcos
- Molécules, Interactions et Matériaux, Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, Université de Versailles St-Quentin en Yvelines, UMR 8180, CNRS, 45 avenue des Etats-Unis, 78035 Versailles Cedex, France.,CEMHTI, Université d'Orléans, UPR 3079, CNRS, F-45071 Orléans, France
| | - Sandrine Perruchas
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel, IMN, F-44000 Nantes, France.,Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Condensée, CNRS-Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
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12
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Mirzadeh N, Privér SH, Blake AJ, Schmidbaur H, Bhargava SK. Innovative Molecular Design Strategies in Materials Science Following the Aurophilicity Concept. Chem Rev 2020; 120:7551-7591. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nedaossadat Mirzadeh
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science, RMIT University, GPO BOX 2476, Melbourne 3001, Australia
| | - Steven H. Privér
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science, RMIT University, GPO BOX 2476, Melbourne 3001, Australia
| | - Alexander J. Blake
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Hubert Schmidbaur
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Suresh K. Bhargava
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science, RMIT University, GPO BOX 2476, Melbourne 3001, Australia
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13
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Kimura M, Yoshida M, Fujii S, Miura A, Ueno K, Shigeta Y, Kobayashi A, Kato M. Liquid–liquid interface-promoted formation of a porous molecular crystal based on a luminescent platinum( ii) complex. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:12989-12992. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc04164e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A Pt(ii)-based luminescent porous molecular crystal was selectively crystallised at the liquid–liquid interface, allowing control of porosity and luminescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Kimura
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo
- Japan
| | - Masaki Yoshida
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo
- Japan
| | - Sho Fujii
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo
- Japan
| | - Atsushi Miura
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo
- Japan
| | - Kosei Ueno
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo
- Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Shigeta
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo
- Japan
| | - Atsushi Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo
- Japan
| | - Masako Kato
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo
- Japan
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