1
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Gitlina AY, Petrovskii S, Luginin M, Melnikov A, Rychagova E, Ketkov S, Grachova E. X/Y platinum(II) complexes: some features of supramolecular assembly via halogen bonding. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:16005-16017. [PMID: 37850309 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02970k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Four series of new luminescent cyclometalated complexes [Pt(C^N)(IPy)Y] (HC^N = 2-phenylpyridine (Hppy), 2-(1-benzofuran-3-yl)pyridine (Hbfpy), methyl-2-phenylquinoline-4-carboxylate (Hmpqc), 2-(1-benzothiophen-3-yl)pyridine (Hbtpy), IPy = 4-iodopyridine, and Y = Cl, Br, I) have been investigated as X/Y 'building blocks' for the construction of a supramolecular network utilizing the I atom in IPy as a halogen bond (XB) donor (the X atom). The σ-hole of the X atom was found to provide non-covalent X⋯Y, X⋯Pt and X⋯π (π system of the metalated chelate ring) interactions for the complexes in the crystal state. NBO analysis confirms donation of the platinum electron density to iodine upon the X⋯Pt interaction. The nature of the X counterpart in XB depends on the nature of the Y atom and the cyclometalating ligand of the Pt(II) complex. DFT calculations show that the HOMO of [Pt(C^N)(IPy)Y] in the S0 state is delocalized over Pt, Y and a C-coordinating fragment of C^N, while the LUMO in most complexes is formed by the Py orbitals of IPy. However, the α-HOMO in the lowest triplet state of [Pt(C^N)(IPy)Y] contains no contribution of the IPy wavefunctions. All Pt(II) complexes exhibited triplet luminescence in solution and in the solid state (Φ up to 0.129), which is determined by the nature of the C^N ligand. The emission profile is independent of the nature of the ligand Y, while the quantum yield decreases from Cl to I. Accordingly, on the basis of DFT calculation, this emission is interpreted as a C^N intraligand charge transfer predominantly. The XB formation did not show an effect on the luminescence of the complexes in the solid phase, however grinding of crystals results in an increase of brightness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Yu Gitlina
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stanislav Petrovskii
- Institute of Chemistry, St Petersburg University, Universitetskii pr. 26, 198504 St Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Maksim Luginin
- Institute of Chemistry, St Petersburg University, Universitetskii pr. 26, 198504 St Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Alexey Melnikov
- Centre for Nano- and Biotechnologies, Peter the Great St Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Elena Rychagova
- G.A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry, the Russian Academy of Sciences, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.
| | - Sergey Ketkov
- G.A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry, the Russian Academy of Sciences, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.
| | - Elena Grachova
- Institute of Chemistry, St Petersburg University, Universitetskii pr. 26, 198504 St Petersburg, Russia.
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2
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Thangavadivale VG, Tendera L, Bertermann R, Radius U, Beweries T, Perutz RN. Solution and solid-state studies of hydrogen and halogen bonding with N-heterocyclic carbene supported nickel(II) fluoride complexes. Faraday Discuss 2023; 244:62-76. [PMID: 37097153 DOI: 10.1039/d2fd00171c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Nickel fluoride complexes of the type [Ni(F)(L)2(ArF)] (L = phosphine, ArF = fluorinated arene) are well-known to form strong halogen and hydrogen bonds in solution and in the solid state. A comprehensive study of such non-covalent interactions using bis(carbene) complexes as acceptors and suitable halogen and hydrogen bond donors is presented. In solution, the complex [Ni(F)(iPr2Im)2(C6F5)] forms halogen and hydrogen bonds with iodopentafluorobenzene and indole, respectively, which have formation constants (K300) an order of magnitude greater than those of structurally related phosphine supported nickel fluorides. Co-crystallisation of this complex and its backbone-methylated analogue [Ni(F)(iPr2Me2Im)2(C6F5)] with 1,4-diiodotetrafluorobenzene produces halogen bonding adducts which were characterised by X-ray analysis and 19F MAS solid state NMR analysis. Differences in the chemical shifts between the nickel fluoride and its halogen bonding adduct are well in line with data that were obtained from titration studies in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lukas Tendera
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Rüdiger Bertermann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Udo Radius
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Torsten Beweries
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse, Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Robin N Perutz
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
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3
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Castro AC, Cascella M, Perutz RN, Raynaud C, Eisenstein O. Solid-State 19F NMR Chemical Shift in Square-Planar Nickel-Fluoride Complexes Linked by Halogen Bonds. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:4835-4846. [PMID: 36920236 PMCID: PMC10052355 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c04063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
The halogen bond (XB) is a highly directional class of noncovalent interactions widely explored by experimental and computational studies. However, the NMR signature of the XB has attracted limited attention. The prediction and analysis of the solid-state NMR (SSNMR) chemical shift tensor provide useful strategies to better understand XB interactions. In this work, we employ a computational protocol for modeling and analyzing the 19F SSNMR chemical shifts previously measured in a family of square-planar trans NiII-L2-iodoaryl-fluoride (L = PEt3) complexes capable of forming self-complementary networks held by a NiF···I(C) halogen bond [Thangavadivale, V.; Chem. Sci. 2018, 9, 3767-3781]. To understand how the 19F NMR resonances of the nickel-bonded fluoride are affected by the XB, we investigate the origin of the shielding in trans-[NiF(2,3,5,6-C6F4I)(PEt3)2], trans-[NiF(2,3,4,5-C6F4I)(PEt3)2], and trans-[NiF(C6F5)(PEt3)2] in the solid state, where a XB is present in the two former systems but not in the last. We perform the 19F NMR chemical shift calculations both in periodic and molecular models. The results show that the crystal packing has little influence on the NMR signatures of the XB, and the NMR can be modeled successfully with a pair of molecules interacting via the XB. Thus, the observed difference in chemical shift between solid-state and solution NMR can be essentially attributed to the XB interaction. The very high shielding of the fluoride and its driving contributor, the most shielded component of the chemical shift tensor, are well reproduced at the 2c-ZORA level. Analysis of the factors controlling the shielding shows how the highest occupied Ni/F orbitals shield the fluoride in the directions perpendicular to the Ni-F bond and specifically perpendicular to the coordination plane. This shielding arises from the magnetic coupling of the Ni(3d)/F(2p lone pair) orbitals with the vacant σNi-F* orbital, thereby rationalizing the very highly upfield (shielded) resonance of the component (δ33) along this direction. We show that these features are characteristic of square-planar nickel-fluoride complexes. The deshielding of the fluoride in the halogen-bonded systems is attributed to an increase in the energy gap between the occupied and vacant orbitals that are mostly responsible for the paramagnetic terms, notably along the most shielded direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abril C Castro
- Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, 0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Michele Cascella
- Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, 0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Robin N Perutz
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, YO10 5DD York, United Kingdom
| | | | - Odile Eisenstein
- Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, 0315 Oslo, Norway.,ICGM, Université Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34090 Montpellier, France
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4
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Linke A, Decker D, Drexler HJ, Beweries T. Iridium(III) bis(thiophosphinite) pincer complexes: synthesis, ligand activation and applications in catalysis. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:10266-10271. [PMID: 35748648 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01633h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Iridium(III) bis(thiophosphinite) complexes of the type [(RPSCSPR)Ir(H)(Cl)(py)] (RPSCSPR = κ3-(2,6-SPR2)C6H3) (R = tBu, iPr, Ph) can be prepared from the ligand precursors 1,3-(SPR2)C6H4 by C-H activation at Ir using [Ir(COE)2Cl]2 or [Ir(COD)Cl]2. Optimisation of the protocol for complexation showed that direct cyclometallation in the absence or presence of pyridine, as well as C-H activation in the presence of H2 are viable options that, depending on the phosphine substituent furnish the five-coordinate Ir(III) hydride chloride complexes 2-R or the base stabilised species 3-R in good yields. In case of the PhPSCSPPh ligand, P-S activation results in the formation of a thiophosphine stabilised Ir(III) hydride complex [(PhPSCSPPh)Ir(H)(Cl)(PPh2SH)] (4). Reaction of 2-tBu with H2 in the presence of base furnishes an Ir(III) dihydride complex (5) via a labile Ir(III) dihydride-dihydrogen complex (6). All complexes are inactive for transfer dehydrogenation of cyclooctane in the presence of NaOtBu and tert-butylethylene, likely due to decomposition of the Ir complex in the presence of base at higher temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Linke
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V., Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany.
| | - David Decker
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V., Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Hans-Joachim Drexler
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V., Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Torsten Beweries
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V., Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany.
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5
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Fang F, Kang JX, Xu CQ, Chang J, Zhang J, Li S, Chen X. Which Type of Pincer Complex Is Thermodynamically More Stable? Understanding the Structures and Relative Bond Strengths of Group 10 Metal Complexes Supported by Benzene-Based PYCYP Pincer Ligands. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:18924-18937. [PMID: 34878759 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The influence of the pincer platform composition and substitution on the reactivity and physical properties of pincer complexes can be easily explored through different experimental techniques. However, the influence of these factors on the molecular structures and thermodynamic stability of pincer complexes is usually very subtle and cannot always be unambiguously established. To rationalize this subtle influence, a survey of crystallographic data from 130 group 10 metal pincer complexes supported by benzene-based PYCYP pincer ligands, [2,6-(R2PY)2C6H3-nR'n]MX (Y = CH2, NH, O, S; M = Ni, Pd, Pt; R = tBu, iPr, Ph, Cy, Me; R' = CO2Me, tBu, CF3, Ac; n = 0-2; X = F, Cl, Br, I, H, SH, SPh, SBn, Ph, Me, N3, NCS), was carried out. Theoretical calculations for some selected complexes were performed to evaluate the relative bond strength. It was found that the M-Cipso bond length decreases following the linker series of CH2 > NH > O and that the relative M-Cipso bond strength increases following the linker series of CH2 < NH < O. In most cases, the M-P bond length decreases following the linker series of NH > CH2 > O. The relative M-P bond strength increases following the linker series of CH2 < NH < O. A comparison of the thermochemical balance for the isodesmic displacement of the side-arm interactions with PH3 as a probe ligand indicated that the Ni-P bond in a PCCCP-type pincer complex is far less difficult to break compared with that in a POCOP-type complex. As a result, with the same donor substituents and the same auxiliary ligand, the POCOP-type pincer complexes are thermodynamically more stable than the PCCCP complexes. The influence of other backbone and donor substitutions as well as the pincer platform composition on the M-Cipso, M-P, and M-X bond lengths, relative bond strengths, and P-M-P bite angles was also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Fang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Boron Chemistry and Advanced Energy Materials, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Jia-Xin Kang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Boron Chemistry and Advanced Energy Materials, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Cong-Qiao Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Jiarui Chang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Boron Chemistry and Advanced Energy Materials, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Boron Chemistry and Advanced Energy Materials, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Shujun Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Boron Chemistry and Advanced Energy Materials, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Xuenian Chen
- Henan Key Laboratory of Boron Chemistry and Advanced Energy Materials, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China.,College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
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6
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Dang QM, Simpson JH, Parish CA, Leopold MC. Evaluating Halogen-Bond Strength as a Function of Molecular Structure Using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Computational Analysis. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:9377-9393. [PMID: 34661411 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c07554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Halogen bonding (XB) is a highly directional, non-covalent intermolecular interaction between a molecule (XB donor) presenting a halogen with an electron-deficient region or sigma hole (σ-hole) and an electron-rich or Lewis-base molecule (XB acceptor). A systematic, experimental, and theoretical study of solution-phase XB strength as a function of the molecular structure for both XB donor and acceptor molecules is presented. The impact of specific structural features is assessed using 19F and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) titrations to determine association constants, density functional theory calculations for interaction energies and bond lengths, as well as 19F-1H HOESY NMR measurements of intermolecular cross-relaxation between the interacting XB donor-acceptor adducts. For XB donor molecules (perfluoro-halogenated benzenes), results indicate the critical importance of iodine coupled with electron-withdrawing entities. Prominent structural components of XB acceptor molecules include a central atom working in conjunction with a Lewis-base atom to present high electron density directed at the σ-hole (e.g., tributylphosphine oxide). Additionally, larger surrounding aliphatic R groups (e.g., butyl and octyl) were found to significantly stabilize strong XB, particularly in solvents that promote the interaction. With a more thorough understanding of structure-optimized XB, one can envision harnessing XB interactions more strategically for specific design of optimal materials and chemical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quang Minh Dang
- Department of Chemistry, Gottwald Center for the Sciences, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia 23173, United States
| | - Jeffrey H Simpson
- Department of Chemistry, Gottwald Center for the Sciences, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia 23173, United States
| | - Carol A Parish
- Department of Chemistry, Gottwald Center for the Sciences, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia 23173, United States
| | - Michael C Leopold
- Department of Chemistry, Gottwald Center for the Sciences, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia 23173, United States
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7
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Bondarenko MA, Novikov AS, Abramov PA, Sakhapov IF, Sokolov MN, Adonin SA. 2,3,4,5-Tetraiodopyrrole as a building block for halogen bonding: Formation of supramolecular hybrids with organic iodide salts in solid state. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.129931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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8
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Wu Q, Huang M, Li T, Jiao L, Tu Y, Xu X, Ma X, Tian H, Qiao Y. Crystal and electronic structure of poly-halogenated lanthanide Schiff base complex: Insights into halogen bond from structural and theoretical analysis. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.129054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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9
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Nemec V, Lisac K, Bedeković N, Fotović L, Stilinović V, Cinčić D. Crystal engineering strategies towards halogen-bonded metal–organic multi-component solids: salts, cocrystals and salt cocrystals. CrystEngComm 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce00158b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This highlight presents an overview of the current advances in the preparation of halogen bonded metal–organic multi-component solids, including salts and cocrystals comprising neutral and ionic constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinko Nemec
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Zagreb
- HR-10000 Zagreb
- Croatia
| | - Katarina Lisac
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Zagreb
- HR-10000 Zagreb
- Croatia
| | - Nikola Bedeković
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Zagreb
- HR-10000 Zagreb
- Croatia
| | - Luka Fotović
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Zagreb
- HR-10000 Zagreb
- Croatia
| | - Vladimir Stilinović
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Zagreb
- HR-10000 Zagreb
- Croatia
| | - Dominik Cinčić
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Zagreb
- HR-10000 Zagreb
- Croatia
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10
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Hu J, Nikravesh M, Shahsavari HR, Babadi Aghakhanpour R, Rheingold AL, Alshami M, Sakamaki Y, Beyzavi H. A C^N Cycloplatinated(II) Fluoride Complex: Photophysical Studies and C sp3-F Bond Formation. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:16319-16327. [PMID: 33135890 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
This work reports the synthesis and characterization of a new C^N-based cycloplatinated(II) fluoride complex, [Pt(ppy)(PPh3)F] (2; ppy = 2-phenylpyridinate), involving a Pt-F bond. The new complex is highly luminescent in the green area with a high quantum yield of 94.6% at 77 K. A comparison study of the heavier halogen derivatives reveals a descending emission quantum yield order of F > Cl > Br > I. Time-dependent density functional theory calculations ascribe the decreased emission efficiency to the decreasing trend of an intraligand (IL) transition from F to I, which accounts for the major radiative pathway. In addition, 2 is capable of the fluorinating alkyl halides, leading to Csp3-F bond formation at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyun Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Mahshid Nikravesh
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran
| | - Hamid R Shahsavari
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran
| | - Reza Babadi Aghakhanpour
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran
| | - Arnold L Rheingold
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Mia Alshami
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Yoshie Sakamaki
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Hudson Beyzavi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
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Joksch M, Agarwala H, Ferro M, Michalik D, Spannenberg A, Beweries T. A Comparative Study on the Thermodynamics of Halogen Bonding of Group 10 Pincer Fluoride Complexes. Chemistry 2020; 26:3571-3577. [PMID: 31846108 PMCID: PMC7154528 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The thermodynamics of halogen bonding of a series of isostructural Group 10 metal pincer fluoride complexes of the type [(3,5‐R2‐tBuPOCOPtBu)MF] (3,5‐R2‐tBuPOCOPtBu=κ3‐C6HR2‐2,6‐(OPtBu2)2 with R=H, tBu, COOMe; M=Ni, Pd, Pt) and iodopentafluorobenzene was investigated. Based on NMR experiments at different temperatures, all complexes 1‐tBu (R=tBu, M=Ni), 2‐H (R=H, M=Pd), 2‐tBu (R=tBu, M=Pd), 2‐COOMe (R=COOMe, M=Pd) and 3‐tBu (R=tBu, M=Pt) form strong halogen bonds with Pd complexes showing significantly stronger binding to iodopentafluorobenzene. Structural and computational analysis of a model adduct of complex 2‐tBu with 1,4‐diiodotetrafluorobenzene as well as of structures of iodopentafluorobenzene in toluene solution shows that formation of a type I contact occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Joksch
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität RostockAlbert-Einstein-Strasse 29a18059RostockGermany
| | - Hemlata Agarwala
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität RostockAlbert-Einstein-Strasse 29a18059RostockGermany
- Department of Synthetic Molecular ChemistryÅngström Laboratory, Box 523Uppsala UniversityLägerhyddsvägen 175120UppsalaSweden
| | - Monica Ferro
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität RostockAlbert-Einstein-Strasse 29a18059RostockGermany
- Politecnico di MilanoDipartimento di ChimicaMateriali e Ing. Chimica “G. Natta”Via L. Mancinelli 720131MilanoItaly
| | - Dirk Michalik
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität RostockAlbert-Einstein-Strasse 29a18059RostockGermany
- Institut für ChemieUniversität RostockAlbert-Einstein-Strasse 3a18059RostockGermany
| | - Anke Spannenberg
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität RostockAlbert-Einstein-Strasse 29a18059RostockGermany
| | - Torsten Beweries
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität RostockAlbert-Einstein-Strasse 29a18059RostockGermany
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