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Ning H, Shi M, Yang Q, Huang J, Zhang X, Wu Y, Jie K. Rational Design of Porous Ionic Liquids for Coupling Natural Gas Purification with Waste Gas Conversion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202310741. [PMID: 37706280 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202310741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Removal of trace impurities for natural gas purification coupled with waste gas conversion is highly desired in industry. We here report a type of porous ionic liquids (PILs) that can realize the continuous flow separation of CH4 /CO2 /H2 S and the conversion of the captured H2 S to useful products. The PILs are synthesized through a step-by-step surface modification of ionic liquids (ILs) onto UiO-66-OH nanocrystals. The introduction of free tertiary amine groups on the nanocrystal surface endows these PILs with an exceptional ability to enrich H2 S from CO2 and CH4 with impressive selectivity, while the permanent pores of UiO-66-OH act as containers to store an exceptionally higher amount of the selectively captured H2 S than the corresponding nonporous ILs. Simultaneously, the tertiary amines as dual functional moieties offer effective catalytic sites for the conversion of the H2 S stored in PILs into 3-mercaptoisobutyric acid, a key intermediate required for the synthesis of Captopril (an antihypertensive drug). Molecular dynamics, density functional theory calculations and Grand Canonical Monte Carlo simulations help understand both the mechanisms of separation and catalysis performance, confirming that the tertiary amines as well as the permanent pores in UiO-66-OH play vital roles in the whole procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Mingzhen Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Qian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Jingwei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
- Institute of Green Chemistry and Engineering, Nanjing University, Suzhou, 215163, P. R. China
| | - Youting Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
- Institute of Green Chemistry and Engineering, Nanjing University, Suzhou, 215163, P. R. China
| | - Kecheng Jie
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
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2
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Egleston BD, Greenaway RL. Liquids with Permanent Macroporosity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202308150. [PMID: 37493063 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202308150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Permanent macropores (>50 nm) had not been reported in the liquid state until a recent report by Tao Li and co-workers describing a synthetic strategy to form a porous liquid with dual micro-macroporosity. This is prepared by producing hierarchically porous particles that are surface coated and fluidised by dispersion. Surface micropores enable permanent porosity by steric exclusion of the fluid phase. The material has a considerable water uptake capacity (27 % w/w) due to large (480 nm) unoccupied macropores. This also enables switching of thermal conductivity on uptake of water. These are new properties translated from porous solids to the liquid state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D Egleston
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, White City Campus, 82 Wood Lane, W12 0BZ, London, UK
| | - Rebecca L Greenaway
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, White City Campus, 82 Wood Lane, W12 0BZ, London, UK
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Koutsianos A, Pallach R, Frentzel-Beyme L, Das C, Paulus M, Sternemann C, Henke S. Breathing porous liquids based on responsive metal-organic framework particles. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4200. [PMID: 37452021 PMCID: PMC10349080 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39887-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Responsive metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) that display sigmoidal gas sorption isotherms triggered by discrete gas pressure-induced structural transformations are highly promising materials for energy related applications. However, their lack of transportability via continuous flow hinders their application in systems and designs that rely on liquid agents. We herein present examples of responsive liquid systems which exhibit a breathing behaviour and show step-shaped gas sorption isotherms, akin to the distinct oxygen saturation curve of haemoglobin in blood. Dispersions of flexible MOF nanocrystals in a size-excluded silicone oil form stable porous liquids exhibiting gated uptake for CO2, propane and propylene, as characterized by sigmoidal gas sorption isotherms with distinct transition steps. In situ X-ray diffraction studies show that the sigmoidal gas sorption curve is caused by a narrow pore to large pore phase transformation of the flexible MOF nanocrystals, which respond to gas pressure despite being dispersed in silicone oil. Given the established flexible nature and tunability of a range of MOFs, these results herald the advent of breathing porous liquids whose sorption properties can be tuned rationally for a variety of technological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Koutsianos
- Anorganische Chemie, Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Roman Pallach
- Anorganische Chemie, Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Louis Frentzel-Beyme
- Anorganische Chemie, Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Chinmoy Das
- Anorganische Chemie, Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Michael Paulus
- Fakultät Physik/DELTA, Technische Universität Dortmund, Maria-Goeppert-Mayer Str. 2, 44221, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Christian Sternemann
- Fakultät Physik/DELTA, Technische Universität Dortmund, Maria-Goeppert-Mayer Str. 2, 44221, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Sebastian Henke
- Anorganische Chemie, Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany.
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Utilization of Porous Liquids for Catalytic Conversion. CHINESE JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL CHEMISTRY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2023.100045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
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5
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Liu X, Ren Y, Wang M, Ren X, Liu J, Yang Q. Cooperation of Pt and TiO x in the Hydrogenation of Nitrobenzothiazole. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c02988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Liu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Reactive Chemistry on Solid Surfaces, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yiqi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Maodi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xiaomin Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Jian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Qihua Yang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Reactive Chemistry on Solid Surfaces, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
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Porous liquids for gas capture, separation, and conversion: Narrowing the knowing-doing gap. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Dai C, Zhang Y, Chen J, Zhong X, Zhang L, Zhang B. Support Morphology Effect on Selective Hydrogenation of 3-Nitrostyrene to 3-Vinylaniline over Pt/α-Fe 2 O 3 Catalysts. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200199. [PMID: 35543283 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Selective hydrogenation of substituted nitroaromatic compounds is an extremely important and challenging reaction. Supported metal catalysts attract much attention in this reaction because the properties of metal nanoparticles (NPs) can be modified by the nature of the support. Herein, the support morphology on the catalytic performance of selective hydrogenation of 3-nitrostyrene to 3-vinylaniline was investigated. Pt NPs supported on octadecahedral α-Fe2 O3 supports with a truncated hexagonal bipyramid shape (Pt/α-Fe2 O3 -O) and rod-shaped α-Fe2 O3 supports (Pt/α-Fe2 O3 -R) were prepared by glycol reduction method. Detailed characterizations reveal that the electronic structure and dispersion of Pt NPs can be modified by the supports. The Pt/α-Fe2 O3 -O catalyst exhibited superior catalytic performance for hydrogenation of 3-nitrostyrene because of its low coordinated Pt sites and the small Pt NPs size, which is benefit from the high-index exposed surfaces of truncated hexagonal bipyramid-shaped α-Fe2 O3 support. The structural evolution during the catalytic reaction was investigated in detail by identical location transmission electron microscopy (IL-TEM) method, which found that the high cycling activity of Pt/α-Fe2 O3 -O catalyst during the cycle experiment results from the stability of Pt NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengshan Dai
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China.,School of Petrochemical Engineering, Liaoning Petrochemical University, 1 Dandong Road, Wanghua District, Fushun, 113001, P. R. China
| | - Junnan Chen
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Xia Zhong
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Liyun Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, 57 Jingxuan Road, Qufu, 273165, P. R. China
| | - Bingsen Zhang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
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Mukesh C, Sarmad S, Samikannu A, Nikjoo D, Siljebo W, Mikkola JP. Pore size-excluded low viscous porous liquids for CO2 sorption at room temperature and thermodynamic modeling study. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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9
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Egleston BD, Mroz A, Jelfs KE, Greenaway RL. Porous liquids - the future is looking emptier. Chem Sci 2022; 13:5042-5054. [PMID: 35655552 PMCID: PMC9093153 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc00087c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of microporosity in the liquid state is leading to an inherent change in the way we approach applications of functional porosity, potentially allowing access to new processes by exploiting the fluidity of these new materials. By engineering permanent porosity into a liquid, over the transient intermolecular porosity in all liquids, it is possible to design and form a porous liquid. Since the concept was proposed in 2007, and the first examples realised in 2015, the field has seen rapid advances among the types and numbers of porous liquids developed, our understanding of the structure and properties, as well as improvements in gas uptake and molecular separations. However, despite these recent advances, the field is still young, and with only a few applications reported to date, the potential that porous liquids have to transform the field of microporous materials remains largely untapped. In this review, we will explore the theory and conception of porous liquids and cover major advances in the area, key experimental characterisation techniques and computational approaches that have been employed to understand these systems, and summarise the investigated applications of porous liquids that have been presented to date. We also outline an emerging discovery workflow with recommendations for the characterisation required at each stage to both confirm permanent porosity and fully understand the physical properties of the porous liquid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D Egleston
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London White City Campus, 82 Wood Lane London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Austin Mroz
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London White City Campus, 82 Wood Lane London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Kim E Jelfs
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London White City Campus, 82 Wood Lane London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Rebecca L Greenaway
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London White City Campus, 82 Wood Lane London W12 0BZ UK
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Zhang Z, Yang B, Zhang B, Cui M, Tang J, Qiao X. Type II porous ionic liquid based on metal-organic cages that enables L-tryptophan identification. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2353. [PMID: 35487897 PMCID: PMC9054828 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30092-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Porous liquids with chemical separation properties are quite well-studied in general, but there is only a handful of reports in the context of identification and separation of non-gaseous molecules. Herein, we report a Type II porous ionic liquid composed of coordination cages that exhibits exceptional selectivity towards L-tryptophan (L-Trp) over other aromatic amino acids. A previously known class of anionic organic-inorganic hybrid doughnut-like cage (HD) is dissolved in trihexyltetradecylphosphonium chloride (THTP_Cl). The resulting liquid, HD/THTP_Cl, is thereby composed of common components, facile to prepare, and exhibit room temperature fluidity. The permanent porosity is manifested by the high-pressure isotherm for CH4 and modeling studies. With evidence from time-dependent amino acid uptake, competitive extraction studies and molecular dynamic simulations, HD/THTP_Cl exhibit better selectivity towards L-Trp than other solid state sorbents, and we attribute it to not only the intrinsic porosity of HD but also the host-guest interactions between HD and L-Trp. Specifically, each HD unit is filled with nearly 5 L-Trp molecules, which is higher than the L-Trp occupation in the structure unit of other benchmark metal-organic frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuxiu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 Puzhunan Road, 211816, Nanjing, China
| | - Baolin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 Puzhunan Road, 211816, Nanjing, China
| | - Bingjie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 Puzhunan Road, 211816, Nanjing, China
| | - Mifen Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 Puzhunan Road, 211816, Nanjing, China
| | - Jihai Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 Puzhunan Road, 211816, Nanjing, China.
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Centre for Advanced Materials (SICAM), No. 5 Xinmofan Road, 210009, Nanjing, China.
| | - Xu Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 Puzhunan Road, 211816, Nanjing, China.
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Centre for Advanced Materials (SICAM), No. 5 Xinmofan Road, 210009, Nanjing, China.
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11
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A bifunctional zeolitic porous liquid with incompatible Lewis pairs for antagonistic cascade catalysis. Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2021.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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12
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A Brief Overview of Recent Progress in Porous Silica as Catalyst Supports. JOURNAL OF COMPOSITES SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/jcs5030075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Porous silica particles have shown applications in various technological fields including their use as catalyst supports in heterogeneous catalysis. The mesoporous silica particles have ordered porosity, high surface area, and good chemical stability. These interesting structural or textural properties make porous silica an attractive material for use as catalyst supports in various heterogeneous catalysis reactions. The colloidal nature of the porous silica particles is highly useful in catalytic applications as it guarantees better mass transfer properties and uniform distribution of the various metal or metal oxide nanocatalysts in solution. The catalysts show high activity, low degree of metal leaching, and ease in recycling when supported or immobilized on porous silica-based materials. In this overview, we have pointed out the importance of porous silica as catalyst supports. A variety of chemical reactions catalyzed by different catalysts loaded or embedded in porous silica supports are studied. The latest reports from the literature about the use of porous silica-based materials as catalyst supports are listed and analyzed. The new and continued trends are discussed with examples.
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Klement T, Hanf S, Wolff F, Kockmann N, Schunk SA, Röder T. Oscillating droplet reactor – towards kinetic investigations in heterogeneous catalysis on a droplet scale. REACT CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0re00466a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work we present a new concept of a millistructured capillary reactor setup for contactless kinetic measurements via in-line Raman spectroscopy for three phase reactions in single slugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Klement
- Mannheim University of Applied Sciences
- Institute of Chemical, Process Engineering
- 68163 Mannheim
- Germany
| | | | - Fabian Wolff
- Mannheim University of Applied Sciences
- Institute of Chemical, Process Engineering
- 68163 Mannheim
- Germany
| | - Norbert Kockmann
- Technische Universität Dortmund
- Fakultät für Bio- und Chemieingenieurwesen, Apparatedesign
- 44227 Dortmund
- Germany
| | | | - Thorsten Röder
- Mannheim University of Applied Sciences
- Institute of Chemical, Process Engineering
- 68163 Mannheim
- Germany
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Xiong R, Ren W, Wang Z, Zhang M. Triphenylphosphine as Efficient Antidote for the Sulfur‐Poisoning of the Pd/C Hydrogenation Catalyst. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202001537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Renjie Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (MOE) Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Wenqiang Ren
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (MOE) Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Water Environment and Resources Tianjin Normal University Tianjin 300387 China
| | - Minghui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (MOE) Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
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Hemming EB, Masters AF, Maschmeyer T. Immobilisation of Homogeneous Pd Catalysts within a Type I Porous Liquid. Aust J Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1071/ch20256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
An N-heterocyclic carbene-based palladium complex was successfully immobilised on the inner surfaces of hollow silica nanospheres. The external surfaces of these spheres were functionalised with a corona-canopy to produce a Type I porous liquid. To confirm the successful immobilisation of the catalytic precursor, the porous liquid system was explored using the Heck reaction as a model reaction. This work demonstrated that homogeneous catalysts can be successfully immobilised within porous liquids in principle and that the approach used could be readily adapted for the immobilisation of other systems.
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