1
|
Chen Y, Kuvayskaya A, Pink M, Sellinger A, Flood AH. A library of vinyl phosphonate anions dimerize with cyanostars, form supramolecular polymers and undergo statistical sorting. Chem Sci 2023; 15:389-398. [PMID: 38131081 PMCID: PMC10732014 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03685e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Supramolecular dimers are elementary units allowing the build-up of multi-molecule architectures. New among these are cyanostar-stabilized dimers of phosphate and phosphonate anions. While the anion dimerization at the heart of these assemblies is reliable, the covalent synthesis leading to this class of designer anions serves as a bottleneck in the pathway to supramolecular assemblies. Herein, we demonstrate the reliable synthesis of 14 diverse anionic monomers by Heck coupling between vinyl phosphonic acid and aryl bromide compounds. When this synthesis is combined with reliable anion dimerization, we show formation of supramolecular dimers and polymers by co-assembly with cyanostar macrocycles. The removal of the covalent bottleneck opened up a seamless synthetic route to iterate through three monomers affording the solubility needed to characterize the mechanism of supramolecular polymerization. We also test the idea that the small size of these vinyl phosphonates provide identical dimer stabilities across the library by showing how mixtures of anions undergo statistical (social) self-sorting. We exploit this property by preparing soluble copolymers from the mixing of different monomers. This multi-anion assembly shows the utility of a library for programming properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yusheng Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue Bloomington Indiana 47405 USA
| | - Anastasia Kuvayskaya
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines 1012 14th Street Golden Colorado 80401 USA
| | - Maren Pink
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue Bloomington Indiana 47405 USA
| | - Alan Sellinger
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines 1012 14th Street Golden Colorado 80401 USA
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) 15013 Denver West Parkway Golden Colorado 80401 USA
| | - Amar H Flood
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue Bloomington Indiana 47405 USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Abstract
Porphyrin derivatives are ubiquitous in bio-organisms and are associated with proteins that play important biological roles, such as oxygen transport, photosynthesis, and catalysis. Porphyrins are very fascinating research objects for chemists, physicists, and biologists owing to their versatile chemical and physical properties. Porphyrin derivatives are actively used in various fields, such as molecular recognition, energy conversion, sensors, biomedicine, and catalysts. Porphyrin derivatives can be used as building blocks for supramolecular polymers because their primitive structures have C4 symmetry, which allows for the symmetrical introduction of self-assembling motifs. This review describes the fabrication of porphyrin-based supramolecular polymers and novel discoveries in supramolecular polymer growth. First, we summarise the (i) design concepts, (ii) growth mechanism and (iii) analytical methods of porphyrin-based supramolecular polymers. Then, the examples of porphyrin-based supramolecular polymers formed by (iv) hydrogen bonding, (v) metal coordination-based interaction, (vi) host-guest complex formation, and (vii) others are summarised. Finally, (viii) applications and perspectives are discussed. Although supramolecular polymers, in a broad sense, can include either two-dimensional (2D) networks or three-dimensional (3D) porous polymer structures; this review mainly focuses on one-dimensional (1D) fibrous supramolecular polymer structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hosoowi Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, 03722, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyunjun Park
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, 03722, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Du Yeol Ryu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, 03722, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Woo-Dong Jang
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, 03722, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gaeta M, Randazzo R, Costa C, Purrello R, D'Urso A. Enantiomeric Resolution and Enantiomer Isolation of H 2 TPPS4 J-Aggregate from Aqueous Solution Is Enabled by Vortexes. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202202337. [PMID: 36224099 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Protonated achiral H2 TPPS4 spontaneously self-arranges at acids pH and high ionic strength to build mesoscopic J-aggregates that are intrinsically chiral. According to the symmetry rule aggregation leads to a racemate that, however, can be unbalanced by chemical (chiral pollutants) or physical stimuli (as vortexing the solution). Vortexing the title racemate, in principle, might either induce chiral separation or chiral enrichment. Indeed, herein it is shown that vortices enable the resolution of this racemic solution exploiting the tendency to deposit, onto the quartz cuvette walls, of the enantiomer favored by the stirring sense. Simultaneously, over time, it was found that the opposite chiral conformation becomes prevalent in solution realizing a significant enantiomeric resolution. Therefore, after removing all stirring-favored chiral J-aggregate from the solution, the recovering and isolating of the desired enantiomers from the cuvette walls was successfully obtained without complex procedures. In this sense, it has been demonstrated that the stirring forces are executively able to fulfil the chiral separation in H2 TPPS4 J-aggregates, employed as model of a self-assembled system in aqueous solution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Gaeta
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Catania, Viale Andrea Doria, 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Rosalba Randazzo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Catania, Viale Andrea Doria, 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Carlo Costa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Catania, Viale Andrea Doria, 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Roberto Purrello
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Catania, Viale Andrea Doria, 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Alessandro D'Urso
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Catania, Viale Andrea Doria, 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu C, Wang Y, Wang S, Xu P, Liu R, Han D, Wei Y. A Star-Shaped Copolymer with Tetra-Hydroxy-Phenylporphyrin Core and Four PNIPAM- b-PMAGA Arms for Targeted Photodynamic Therapy. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15030509. [PMID: 36771810 PMCID: PMC9919623 DOI: 10.3390/polym15030509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The novel thermosensitive star-shaped tetra-hydroxy-phenylporphyrin-cored (THPP) double hydrophilic poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-b-poly(methylacrylamide glucose) block copolymers (THPP-(PNIPAM-b-PMAGA)4) were synthesized via the reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. Notably, the low critical solution temperatures (LCSTs) of THPP-(PNIPAM-b-PMAGA)4 were above normal body temperature (37 °C) which depended on the hydrophilic PMAGA contents of copolymers. When the temperature was higher than the LCST of the copolymer, the copolymer could be neutralized into micelles in aqueous and could be coated with antitumor drugs and released around tumor cells. The MTT study indicated that THPP-(PNIPAM-b-PMAGA)4 had a low toxicity to L929 and HeLa cells in the absence of light. However, THPP-(PNIPAM-b-PMAGA)4 showed a high toxicity with HeLa cells under light irradiation which could be used as a potential photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy (PDT). In addition, THPP-(PNIPAM-b-PMAGA)4 showed specific a recognition function with Concanavalin A (Con A) to achieve active targeted drug delivery. This work provides a new approach for the development of tumor targeting and chemotherapy/PDT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changling Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin City 132022, China
| | - Yirong Wang
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin City 132022, China
| | - Siyu Wang
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin City 132022, China
| | - Pengcheng Xu
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin City 132022, China
| | - Renning Liu
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin City 132022, China
| | - Dandan Han
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin City 132022, China
- Correspondence: (D.H.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yen Wei
- Department of Chemistry, The Tsinghua Center for Frontier Polymer Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Correspondence: (D.H.); (Y.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Stoichiometric Ratio Controlled Dimension Transition and Supramolecular Chirality Enhancement in a Two-Component Assembly System. Gels 2022; 8:gels8050269. [PMID: 35621567 PMCID: PMC9140661 DOI: 10.3390/gels8050269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
To control the dimension of the supramolecular system was of great significance. We construct a two component self-assembly system, in which the gelator LHC18 and achiral azobenzene carboxylic acid could co-assembly and form gels. By modulating the stoichiometric ratio of the two components, not only the morphology could be transformed from 1D nanaotube to 0D nanospheres but also the supramolecualr chirality could be tuned. This work could provide some insights to the control of dimension and the supramolecular chirality in the two-component systems by simply modulating the stoichiometric ratio.
Collapse
|
6
|
Domoto Y, Yamamoto K, Horie S, Yu Z, Fujita M. Amplification of weak chiral inductions for excellent control over the helical orientation of discrete topologically chiral (M 3L 2) n polyhedra. Chem Sci 2022; 13:4372-4376. [PMID: 35509455 PMCID: PMC9006968 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc00111j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Superb control over the helical chirality of discrete (M3L2)n polyhedra (n = 2,4,8, M = CuI or AgI) created from the self-assembly of propeller-shaped ligands (L) equipped with chiral side chains is demonstrated here. Almost perfect chiral induction (>99 : 1) of the helical orientation of the framework was achieved for the largest (M3L2)8 cube with 48 small chiral side chains (diameter: ∼5 nm), while no or moderate chiral induction was observed for smaller polyhedra (n = 2, 4). Thus, amplification of the weak chiral inductions of each ligand unit is an efficient way to control the chirality of large discrete nanostructures with high structural complexity. Superb control over the helical chirality of highly-entangled (M3L2)n polyhedra (M = Cu(i), Ag(i); n = 2,4,8) was achieved via multiplication of weak chiral inductions by side chains accumulated on the huge polyhedral surfaces.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Domoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Kidai Yamamoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Shumpei Horie
- Department of Applied Chemistry, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Zhengsu Yu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Makoto Fujita
- Department of Applied Chemistry, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan .,Division of Advanced Molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho Okazaki-shi Aichi 444-8787 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gaeta M, Rodolico E, Fragalà ME, Pappalardo A, Pisagatti I, Gattuso G, Notti A, Parisi MF, Purrello R, D’Urso A. Self-Assembly of Discrete Porphyrin/Calix[4]tube Complexes Promoted by Potassium Ion Encapsulation. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26030704. [PMID: 33572895 PMCID: PMC7866244 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26030704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The pivotal role played by potassium ions in the noncovalent synthesis of discrete porphyrin-calixarene nanostructures has been examined. The flattened-cone conformation adopted by the two cavities of octa-cationic calix[4]tube C4T was found to prevent the formation of complexes with well-defined stoichiometry between this novel water-soluble calixarene and the tetra-anionic phenylsulfonate porphyrin CuTPPS. Conversely, preorganization of C4T into a C4v-symmetrical scaffold, triggered by potassium ion encapsulation (C4T@K+), allowed us to carry out an efficient hierarchical self-assembly process leading to 2D and 3D nanostructures. The stepwise formation of discrete CuTPPS/C4T@K+ noncovalent assemblies, containing up to 33 molecular elements, was conveniently monitored by UV/vis spectroscopy by following the absorbance of the porphyrin Soret band.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Gaeta
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (M.G.); (E.R.); (M.E.F.); (A.P.)
| | - Elisabetta Rodolico
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (M.G.); (E.R.); (M.E.F.); (A.P.)
| | - Maria E. Fragalà
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (M.G.); (E.R.); (M.E.F.); (A.P.)
| | - Andrea Pappalardo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (M.G.); (E.R.); (M.E.F.); (A.P.)
| | - Ilenia Pisagatti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (I.P.); (G.G.)
| | - Giuseppe Gattuso
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (I.P.); (G.G.)
| | - Anna Notti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (I.P.); (G.G.)
- Correspondence: (A.N.); (M.F.P.); (R.P.); (A.D.)
| | - Melchiorre F. Parisi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (I.P.); (G.G.)
- Correspondence: (A.N.); (M.F.P.); (R.P.); (A.D.)
| | - Roberto Purrello
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (M.G.); (E.R.); (M.E.F.); (A.P.)
- Correspondence: (A.N.); (M.F.P.); (R.P.); (A.D.)
| | - Alessandro D’Urso
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (M.G.); (E.R.); (M.E.F.); (A.P.)
- Correspondence: (A.N.); (M.F.P.); (R.P.); (A.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wasiłek S, Jurczak J. The Impact of Solvent and the Receptor Structure on Chiral Recognition Using Model Acyclic Bisamides Decorated with Glucosamine Pendant Arms. J Org Chem 2020; 85:11902-11907. [PMID: 32812751 PMCID: PMC7506935 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the influence of various factors (including solvent mixtures) on chiral recognition of chiral carboxylates, using the titration method under 1H NMR control. We found that strong binding carboxylates (geometrical matching) is not enough for the satisfactory differentiation of enantiomers. Moreover, solvent mixture studies indicate a significant influence of environment on the formation of diastereomeric complexes and variations among them. Our findings offer insights into the complementarity of chiral recognition processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Wasiłek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Janusz Jurczak
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Osadchuk I, Borovkov V, Aav R, Clot E. Benchmarking computational methods and influence of guest conformation on chirogenesis in zinc porphyrin complexes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:11025-11037. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp00965b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Different computational methods and influence of the guest conformation and solvent effect to analyze chirogenesis in zinc porphyrins by several chiral compounds have been investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irina Osadchuk
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology
- Tallinn University of Technology
- Tallinn 12618
- Estonia
- ICGM, University of Montpellier
| | - Victor Borovkov
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology
- Tallinn University of Technology
- Tallinn 12618
- Estonia
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
| | - Riina Aav
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology
- Tallinn University of Technology
- Tallinn 12618
- Estonia
| | - Eric Clot
- ICGM, University of Montpellier
- CNRS
- ENSCM
- Montpellier
- France
| |
Collapse
|