1
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Buchner MR, Kreuzer LK, Thomas-Hargreaves LR, Müller M, Ivlev SI, Frenking G, Pan S. Mono-Ortho-Beryllated Carbodiphosphoranes: Synthesis, Structure, Bonding and Reactivity. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400966. [PMID: 38530217 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
The reaction of organoberyllium compounds with hexaphenylcarbodiphosphorane yields mono-ortho-beryllated complexes, which feature a double dative Be=C bond. The bonding situation in these compounds together with a simple carbodiphosphorane and an N-heterocyclic carbene adduct was analysed with energy decomposition analysis in combination with natural orbital for chemical valence as well as with quantum theory of atoms-in-molecules. Furthermore, the driving forces accountable for mono-ortho-beryllation were elucidated along with the reactivity of the Be=C bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus R Buchner
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Lukas K Kreuzer
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Matthias Müller
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Sergei I Ivlev
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Gernot Frenking
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Sudip Pan
- Sudip Pan, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130023, China
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2
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Augustinov W, Müller M, Thomas-Hargreaves LR, Ivlev SI, Buchner MR. Synthesis and Derivatives of Beryllium Triflate. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:5208-5219. [PMID: 38439511 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Various pathways for the synthesis of beryllium triflate were investigated. The reaction of triflic acid or trimethylsilyl triflate with beryllium metal in liquid ammonia led to the formation of mono-, di-, and tetra-nuclear beryllium ammine complexes. Utilization of SMe2 as a solvent gave homoleptic Be(OTf)2. Various beryllium triflate complexes with N- and O-donor ligands as well as the complex anions [Be(OTf)4]2- and [Be2(OTf)6]2- were synthesized to evaluate the reactivity and solution properties of beryllium triflate. This showed that OTf- is not a weakly coordinating anion for Be2+ cations and that it exhibits good bridging properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Augustinov
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg 35032, Germany
| | - Matthias Müller
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg 35032, Germany
| | | | - Sergei I Ivlev
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg 35032, Germany
| | - Magnus R Buchner
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg 35032, Germany
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3
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Buchner MR, Dankert F, Berthold C, Müller M, von Hänisch C. Beryllium-Mediated Halide and Aryl Transfer onto Silicon. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302652. [PMID: 37590553 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
The reactivity of hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane (D3 ) towards BeCl2 , BeBr2 , BeI2 and [Be3 Ph6 ]3 was investigated. While BeCl2 only showed unselective reactivity, BeBr2 , BeI2 and [Be3 Ph6 ] cleanly react to the trinuclear complexes [Be3 Br2 (OSiMe2 Br)4 ], [Be3 I2 (OSiMe2 I)4 ] and [Be3 Ph2 (OSiMe2 Ph)4 ]. These unprecedented bromide, iodide and phenyl transfer reactions from a group II metal onto silicon offer a versatile access to previously unknown diorgano bromo and iodo silanolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus R Buchner
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Dankert
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032, Marburg, Germany
- Present address: Universität Bern, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freiestrasse 3, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Chantsalmaa Berthold
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Müller
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Carsten von Hänisch
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032, Marburg, Germany
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4
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Helling C, Jones C. Schlenk-Type Equilibria of Grignard-Analogous Arylberyllium Complexes: Steric Effects. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302222. [PMID: 37528538 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
The presence of complex Schlenk equilibria is a central property of synthetically invaluable Grignard reagents substantially affecting their reactivity and selectivity in chemical transformations. In this work, the steric effects of aryl substituents on the Schlenk-type equilibria of their lighter congeners, arylberyllium bromides, are systematically studied. Combination of diarylberyllium complexes Ar2 Be(OEt2 ) (1Ar, Ar=Tip, Tcpp; Tip=2,4,6-iPr3 C6 H3 , Tcpp=2,4,6-Cyp3 C6 H3 , Cyp=c-C5 H9 ), containing sterically demanding aryl groups, and BeBr2 (OEt2 )2 (2) affords the Grignard-analogous arylberyllium bromides ArBeBr(OEt2 ) (3Ar, Ar=Tip, Tcpp). In contrast, Mes2 Be(OEt2 ) (1Mes, Mes=2,4,6-Me3 C6 H3 ) and 2 exist in a temperature-dependent equilibrium with MesBeBr(OEt2 ) (3Mes) and free OEt2 . Ph2 Be(OEt2 ) (1Ph) reacts with 2 to afford dimeric [PhBeBr(OEt2 )]2 ([3Ph]2 ). Moreover, the influence of replacing the OEt2 donor by an N-heterocyclic carbene, IPr2 Me2 (IPr2 Me2 =C(iPrNCMe)2 ), on the redistribution reactions was investigated. The solution- and solid-state structures of the diarylberyllium and arylberyllium bromide complexes were comprehensively characterized using multinuclear (1 H, 9 Be, 13 C) NMR spectroscopic methods and single-crystal X-ray diffraction, while DFT calculations were employed to support the experimental findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Helling
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, PO Box 23, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Cameron Jones
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, PO Box 23, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
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5
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Buchner MR, Thomas-Hargreaves LR, Berthold C, Bekiş DF, Ivlev SI. A Preference for Heterolepticity - Schlenk Type Equilibria in Organometallic Beryllium Systems. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302495. [PMID: 37575053 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
The reaction of homoleptic beryllium halide with diphenyl beryllium complexes leads to the clean formation of heteroleptic beryllium Grignard compounds [(L)1-2 BePhX]1-2 (X=Cl, Br, I; L=C-, N-, O-donor ligand). The influence of ligands and solvent on these compounds, their formation and exchange equilibria in solution were investigated, together with the factors determining the complex constitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus R Buchner
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Chantsalmaa Berthold
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Deniz F Bekiş
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Sergei I Ivlev
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032, Marburg, Germany
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6
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Berthold C, Müller M, Ivlev SI, Andrada DM, Buchner MR. Gauging ambiphilicity of pseudo-halides via beryllium-trispyrazolylborato compounds. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:13547-13554. [PMID: 37721484 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02857g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
The ambiphilicity of pseudo-halides has been the object of extensive debate. Herein, we use a series of trispyrazolylborato beryllium pseudo-halido complexes [TpBe(X')] with X' = CN-, N3-, NCO- and NCS- to explore the origins of the preferred isomers. Thus, we have synthesised and characterised through NMR and IR spectroscopy as well as single crystal X-ray diffraction these complexes. A combination with quantum chemical calculations within the DFT framework enabled an in-depth understanding of the bonding modes and preferences of the investigated pseudo-halido ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantsalmaa Berthold
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany.
| | - Matthias Müller
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany.
| | - Sergei I Ivlev
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany.
| | - Diego M Andrada
- General and Inorganic Chemistry Department, University of Saarland, Campus C4.1, 66123 Saarbruecken, Germany.
| | - Magnus R Buchner
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany.
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7
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Buchner MR, Ćoćić D, Ivlev SI, Spang N, Müller M, Puchta R. Ligand exchange at tetra-coordinated beryllium centres. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:5287-5296. [PMID: 36988038 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt00713h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Mono and dinuclear phosphine complexes of beryllium halides [(PMe3)2BeX2], [(PMe3)BeX2]2 and [(PCy3)BeX2]2 (X = Cl, Br, I) were synthesised and characterised via NMR and IR spectroscopy as well as single crystal X-ray diffraction experiments. Dissociation and ligand exchange processes at these complexes were investigated through variable temperature NMR experiments in combination with line shape analysis and complemented by quantum chemical calculations. The PMe3 dissociation energy is smallest in [(PMe3)2BeCl2], while PMe3 exchange is similar in energy in all mononuclear [(PMe3)2BeX2] complexes and follows an interchange mechanism. While [(PMe3)BeX2]2 dissociates homolytically, [(PCy3)BeX2]2 cleaves one phosphine ligand. These distinctive dissociation processes account for the different chemical behaviour of these complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus R Buchner
- Anorganische Chemie, Nachwuchsgruppe Hauptgruppenmetallchemie, Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany.
| | - Dušan Ćoćić
- Anorganische und Metallorganische Chemie, Department Chemie und Pharmazie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Egerlandstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
- Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Radoja Domanovića 12, P. O. Box 60, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Sergei I Ivlev
- Anorganische Chemie, Nachwuchsgruppe Hauptgruppenmetallchemie, Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany.
| | - Nils Spang
- Anorganische Chemie, Nachwuchsgruppe Hauptgruppenmetallchemie, Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany.
| | - Matthias Müller
- Anorganische Chemie, Nachwuchsgruppe Hauptgruppenmetallchemie, Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany.
| | - Ralph Puchta
- Anorganische und Metallorganische Chemie, Department Chemie und Pharmazie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Egerlandstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
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8
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Buchner MR, Müller M. Handling Beryllium, the Safe Way. ACS CHEMICAL HEALTH & SAFETY 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chas.3c00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Magnus R. Buchner
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Müller
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
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9
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Bekiş DF, Thomas-Hargreaves LR, Berthold C, Ivlev SI, Buchner MR. Structure and spectroscopic properties of etherates of the beryllium halides. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR NATURFORSCHUNG SECTION B-A JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL SCIENCES 2023. [DOI: 10.1515/znb-2023-0303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The synthesis of beryllium halide etherates and the solution behavior in benzene, dichloromethane, and chloroform was studied by NMR, IR, and Raman spectroscopy. Mononuclear units of [BeX
2(L)2] (X = Cl, Br, I; L = Et2O, thf) were identified as the favorably formed species in solution. Treatment of the mononuclear diethyl ether beryllium halide adduct with one equivalent beryllium halide formed the dinuclear compounds [BeX
2(OEt2)]2 (X = Cl, Br, I). The solid-state structures of [BeCl2(thf)2] and [BeBr2(thf)2] have been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. [BeI2(thf)2] decomposed in all solvents. In CD2Cl2 the salt [Be(thf)4]I2 was formed, whereas in C6D6 and CDCl3, BeI2 precipitated and [BeI(thf)3]+, [Be(thf)4]2+ together with the thf ring-opening product [Be(μ
2-O(CH2)4I)I(thf)]2 were observed in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz F. Bekiş
- Fachbereich Chemie , Philipps-Universität Marburg , Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032 Marburg , Germany
| | | | - Chantsalmaa Berthold
- Fachbereich Chemie , Philipps-Universität Marburg , Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032 Marburg , Germany
| | - Sergei I. Ivlev
- Fachbereich Chemie , Philipps-Universität Marburg , Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032 Marburg , Germany
| | - Magnus R. Buchner
- Fachbereich Chemie , Philipps-Universität Marburg , Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032 Marburg , Germany
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10
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Pearce KG, Hill MS, Mahon MF. Beryllium-centred C-H activation of benzene. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:1453-1456. [PMID: 36655412 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06702a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Reaction of BeCl2 with the dilithium diamide, [{SiNDipp}Li2] ({SiNDipp} = {CH2SiMe2NDipp}2), provides the dimeric chloroberyllate, [{SiNDippBeCl}Li]2, en route to the 2-coordinate beryllium amide, [SiNDippBe]. Lithium or sodium reduction of [SiNDippBe] in benzene, provides the relevant organoberyllate products, [{SiNDippBePh}M] (M = Li or Na), via the presumed intermediacy of transient Be(I) radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle G Pearce
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Michael S Hill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Mary F Mahon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
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11
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Thomas-Hargreaves LR, Liu YQ, Cui ZH, Pan S, Buchner MR. Bonding situations in tricoordinated beryllium phenyl complexes. J Comput Chem 2023; 44:397-405. [PMID: 35767185 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The bonding situation in the tricoordinated beryllium phenyl complexes [BePh3 ]- , [(pyridine)BePh2 ] and [(trimethylsilyl-N-heterocyclic imine)BePh2 ] is investigated experimentally and computationally. Comparison of the NMR spectroscopic properties of these complexes and of their structural parameters, which were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction experiments, indicates the presence of π-interactions. Topology analysis of the electron density reveals elliptical electron density distributions at the bond critical points and the double bond character of the beryllium-element bonds is verified by energy decomposition analysis with the combination of natural orbital for chemical valence. The present beryllium-element bonds are highly polarized and the ligands around the central atom have a strong influence on the degree of π-delocalization. These results are compared to related triarylboranes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yu-Qian Liu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education), Jilin University, Changchun
| | - Zhong-Hua Cui
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education), Jilin University, Changchun
| | - Sudip Pan
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education), Jilin University, Changchun
| | - Magnus R Buchner
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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12
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Thomas‐Hargreaves LR, Berthold C, Augustinov W, Müller M, Ivlev SI, Buchner MR. Reactivity of Diphenylberyllium as a Brønsted Base and Its Synthetic Application. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200851. [PMID: 35389541 PMCID: PMC9322039 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Diphenylberyllium [Be3Ph6] is shown here to react cleanly as a Brønsted base with a vast variety of protic compounds. Through the addition of the simple molecules tBuOH, HNPh2 and HPPh2, as well as the more complex 1,3‐bis‐(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)imidazolinium chloride, one or two phenyl groups in diphenylberyllium were protonated. As a result, the long‐postulated structures of [Be3(OtBu)6] and [Be(μ‐NPh2)Ph]2 have finally been verified and shown to be static in solution. Additionally [Be(μ‐PPh2)(HPPh2)Ph]2 was generated, which is only the second beryllium‐phospanide to be prepared; the stark differences between its behaviour and that of the analogous amide were also examined. The first crystalline example of a beryllium Grignard reagent with a non‐bulky aryl group has also been prepared; it is stabilised with an N‐heterocyclic carbene.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Matthias Müller
- Fachbereich Chemie Philipps-Universität Marburg 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Sergei I. Ivlev
- Fachbereich Chemie Philipps-Universität Marburg 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Magnus R. Buchner
- Fachbereich Chemie Philipps-Universität Marburg 35043 Marburg Germany
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13
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Deubner HL, Graubner T, Buchner MR, Weigend F, Ivlev SI, Karttunen AJ, Kraus F. Surprises in the Solvent-Induced Self-Ionization in the Uranium Tetrahalide UX 4 (X = Cl, Br, I)/Ethyl Acetate System. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:11995-12003. [PMID: 35449913 PMCID: PMC9016826 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The reaction of the uranium(IV) halides UCl4, UBr4, or UI4 with ethyl acetate (EtOAc) leads to the formation of the complexes [UX3(EtOAc)4][UX5(EtOAc)] (X = Cl, Br) or [UI4(EtOAc)3]. Thus, both UCl4 and UBr4 show self-ionization in ethyl acetate to a distorted pentagonal bipyramidal [UX3(EtOAc)4]+ cation and a distorted octahedral [UX5(EtOAc)]- anion. Surprisingly, the chloride and bromide compounds are not isotypic. While [UCl3(EtOAc)4][UCl5(EtOAc)] crystallizes in the orthorhombic crystal system, space group P212121 at 250 K, the bromide compound crystallizes in the monoclinic crystal system, P121/n1 at 100 K. Unexpectedly, UI4 does not show self-ionization but forms [UI4(EtOAc)3] molecules, which crystallize in the monoclinic crystal system, P21/c, at 100 K. The compounds were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, IR, Raman, and NMR spectroscopy, as well as molecular quantum chemical calculations using solvent models.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Lars Deubner
- Philipps-Universität
Marburg, Fachbereich Chemie, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, Marburg, Hessen 35032, Germany
| | - Tim Graubner
- Philipps-Universität
Marburg, Fachbereich Chemie, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, Marburg, Hessen 35032, Germany
| | - Magnus R. Buchner
- Philipps-Universität
Marburg, Fachbereich Chemie, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, Marburg, Hessen 35032, Germany
| | - Florian Weigend
- Philipps-Universität
Marburg, Fachbereich Chemie, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, Marburg, Hessen 35032, Germany
| | - Sergei I. Ivlev
- Philipps-Universität
Marburg, Fachbereich Chemie, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, Marburg, Hessen 35032, Germany
| | - Antti J. Karttunen
- Aalto
University, Department of Chemistry
and Materials Science, Kemistintie 1, Aalto 00076, Finland
| | - Florian Kraus
- Philipps-Universität
Marburg, Fachbereich Chemie, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, Marburg, Hessen 35032, Germany
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14
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Thomas-Hargreaves LR, Pan S, Ivlev SI, Frenking G, Buchner MR. π Back-Donation from a Beryllium Dibromide Fragment at the Expense of Its σ Strength. Inorg Chem 2021; 61:700-705. [PMID: 34894684 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c03449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
It is common knowledge that metal-to-ligand π back-donation requires filled atomic orbitals at the metal center. However, we show through a combined experimental and theoretical approach that Be(II)→N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) π back-donation is present in the two carbene adducts [(iPr)BeBr2] (1) and [(iPr)2BeBr2] (2) (iPr = 1,3-diisopropyl-4,5-dimethylimidazol-2-ylidene). These complexes were characterized with NMR, IR, and Raman spectroscopy as well as with single-crystal X-ray diffractometry. The unusual bonding situation is understood from the results of energy decomposition analysis in combination with natural orbital for chemical valence and quantum theory of atoms-in-molecules analysis. The obtained findings shed light on the unusually high Be-C bond strength in carbene adducts to beryllium compounds and rationalize their geometry and reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sudip Pan
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg 35043, Germany
| | - Sergei I Ivlev
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg 35043, Germany
| | - Gernot Frenking
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg 35043, Germany
| | - Magnus R Buchner
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg 35043, Germany
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15
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Thomas-Hargreaves LR, Müller M, Spang N, Ivlev SI, Buchner MR. Behavior of Lewis Bases toward Diphenylberyllium. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthias Müller
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Nils Spang
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Sergei I. Ivlev
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Magnus R. Buchner
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
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16
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Buchner MR, Thomas‐Hargreaves LR, Kreuzer LK, Spang N, Ivlev SI. Dimethylsulfide Adducts of the Beryllium Halides. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Magnus R. Buchner
- Fachbereich Chemie Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35032 Marburg Germany
| | | | - Lukas K. Kreuzer
- Fachbereich Chemie Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35032 Marburg Germany
| | - Nils Spang
- Fachbereich Chemie Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35032 Marburg Germany
| | - Sergei I. Ivlev
- Fachbereich Chemie Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35032 Marburg Germany
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17
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Yakubenko AA, Karpov VV, Tupikina EY, Antonov AS. Lithiation of 2,4,5,7-Tetrabromo-1,8-bis(dimethylamino)naphthalene: Peculiarities of Directing Groups’ Effects and the Possibility of Polymetalation. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Artyom A. Yakubenko
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskii pr. 26, 198504, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Valerii V. Karpov
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskii pr. 26, 198504, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Elena Yu. Tupikina
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskii pr. 26, 198504, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander S. Antonov
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskii pr. 26, 198504, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
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18
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Berthold C, Thomas-Hargreaves LR, Ivlev SI, Buchner MR. An approach towards the synthesis of lithium and beryllium diphenylphosphinites. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR NATURFORSCHUNG SECTION B-A JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/znb-2021-0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The diphenylphosphinites [(THF)Li(OPPh2)]4 and [(THF)2Be(OPPh2)2] have been synthesized via direct deprotonation of diphenylphosphine oxide with
n
BuLi and BePh2, respectively, as well as via salt metathesis. These compounds were characterized by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, and the side-products of the reactions obtained under various reaction conditions have been identified. The beryllium derivative could not be isolated and decomposed into diphosphine oxide Ph2PP(O)Ph2. The solid-state structure of this final product together with that of [(THF)Li(OPPh2)]4 have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantsalmaa Berthold
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg , Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032 Marburg , Germany
| | | | - Sergei I. Ivlev
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg , Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032 Marburg , Germany
| | - Magnus R. Buchner
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg , Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032 Marburg , Germany
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19
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Roy S, Thirumoorthy K, Padidela UK, Vairaprakash P, Anoop A, Thimmakondu VS. Organomagnesium Crown Ethers and Their Binding Affinities with Li
+
, Na
+
, K
+
, Be
2+
, Mg
2+
, and Ca
2+
Ions – A Theoretical Study. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202102317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Roy
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur 721 302 West Bengal India
| | - Krishnan Thirumoorthy
- Department of Chemistry School of Advanced Sciences Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore 632 014 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Uday Kumar Padidela
- Department of Chemistry Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani K K Birla Goa Campus Goa 403 726 India
| | - Pothiappan Vairaprakash
- Department of Chemistry School of Chemical and Biotechnology SASTRA Deemed University Than javur 613 401 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Anakuthil Anoop
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur 721 302 West Bengal India
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20
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Buchner MR, Müller M. Ethylenediamine complexes of the beryllium halides and pseudo-halides. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:7246-7255. [PMID: 33949519 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt01154e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The suitability of ethylenediamine (en) as an alternative solvent to liquid ammonia in beryllium chemistry was evaluated. Therefore, BeF2, BeCl2, BeBr2, BeI2, [Be(NH3)4](N3)2, [Be(NH3)4](CN)2 and [Be(NH3)4](SCN)2 were reacted with ethylenediamine and analysed via NMR and IR spectroscopy. Additionally single crystal structures of [BeF2(en)]n, [Be(en)3]Cl2, [Be(en)3]Br2, [Be(en)2]I2·en, [Be(en)2](N3)2·en, [Be(en)2]4(SCN)7Cl and [Be3(OH)3(en)3][C2H9N2](SCN)4 were obtained. The anions were found to have a distinct influence on the solubility as well as on the species present in solution and the solid state, while ethylenediamine can act as mono- and bidentate ligand or as a crystal solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus R Buchner
- Anorganische Chemie, Nachwuchsgruppe Hauptgruppenmetallchemie, Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany.
| | - Matthias Müller
- Anorganische Chemie, Nachwuchsgruppe Hauptgruppenmetallchemie, Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany.
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21
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Spang N, Müller M, Augustinov W, Buchner MR. Behavior of beryllium halides and triflate in acetonitrile solutions. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR NATURFORSCHUNG SECTION B-A JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/znb-2020-0141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The solution behavior of beryllium halides and triflate in acetonitrile was studied by NMR, IR and Raman spectroscopy. Thereby mononuclear units [(MeCN)2BeX
2] (X = Cl, Br, I, OTf) were identified as dominant species in these solutions. The solid state structure of [(MeCN)2Be(OTf)2] has been determined by X-ray diffraction. If only one equivalent of MeCN is used the dinuclear compounds [(MeCN)BeX
2]2 (X = Cl, Br, I) are formed. Partial halide and triflate dissociation into the monomeric complexes as well as the formation of hetero-halide complexes [(MeCN)2BeClBr], [(MeCN)2BeClI] and [(MeCN)2BeBrI] was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Spang
- Fachbereich Chemie , Philipps-Universität Marburg , Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 , 35032 Marburg , Germany
| | - Matthias Müller
- Fachbereich Chemie , Philipps-Universität Marburg , Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 , 35032 Marburg , Germany
| | - William Augustinov
- Fachbereich Chemie , Philipps-Universität Marburg , Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 , 35032 Marburg , Germany
| | - Magnus R. Buchner
- Fachbereich Chemie , Philipps-Universität Marburg , Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 , 35032 Marburg , Germany
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22
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Buchner MR, Pan S, Poggel C, Spang N, Müller M, Frenking G, Sundermeyer J. Di-ortho-beryllated Carbodiphosphorane: A Compound with a Metal–Carbon Double Bond to an Element of the s-Block. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Magnus R. Buchner
- Nachwuchsgruppe Berylliumchemie, Anorganische Chemie, Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Sudip Pan
- Theoretische Chemie, Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Christina Poggel
- Anorganische Chemie, Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Nils Spang
- Nachwuchsgruppe Berylliumchemie, Anorganische Chemie, Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Müller
- Nachwuchsgruppe Berylliumchemie, Anorganische Chemie, Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Gernot Frenking
- Theoretische Chemie, Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Sundermeyer
- Anorganische Chemie, Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
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23
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Buchner MR. Beryllium coordination chemistry and its implications on the understanding of metal induced immune responses. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:8895-8907. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc03802d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The coordination chemistry of beryllium with ligands containing biologically relevant functional groups is discussed. The geometry, speciation and reactivity of these compounds, aids a better understanding of metal ion induced immune reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus R. Buchner
- Anorganische Chemie
- Nachwuchsgruppe Hauptgruppenmetallchemie
- Fachbereich Chemie
- Philipps-Universität Marburg
- 35032 Marburg
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