1
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Shen SJ, Li YD, Ge Y, Yang X, Li LH, Xu HJ, Hu Y. Ligand Promoted Pd-Catalyzed High para-Selective C-H Olefination. Org Lett 2023; 25:9092-9096. [PMID: 38101416 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Achieving high para-selective C-H functionalized products of benzoic acid derivatives using a designed template is still a daunting challenge because the carbonyl group also could coordinate with metal to activate the ortho-C-H bond. Herein, we report the ligand promoted high para-selective C-H olefination of benzoic acid derivatives; we screened a series of ligands increasing the ratio of p:others from 62:38 to 96:4. This work may find application in the construction of para-substituted benzoic acid derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo-Jie Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yao-Dong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ye Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lin-Hu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Limin Chemical Co., Ltd., Xinyi 221422, China
| | - Hua-Jin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China
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2
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Dutta U, Prakash G, Devi K, Borah K, Zhang X, Maiti D. Directing group assisted para-selective C-H alkynylation of unbiased arenes enabled by rhodium catalysis. Chem Sci 2023; 14:11381-11388. [PMID: 37886091 PMCID: PMC10599460 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03528j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Regioselective C-H alkynylation of arenes via C-H activation is challenging yet a highly desirable transformation. In this regard, directing group assisted C(sp2)-H alkynylation of arenes offers a unique opportunity to ensure precise regioselectivity. While the existing methods are mainly centered around ortho-C-H alkynylation and a few for meta-C-H alkynylation, the DG-assisted para-selective C-H alkynylation is yet to be reported. Herein we disclose the first report on Rh-catalyzed para-C-H alkynylation of sterically and electronically unbiased arenes. The para-selectivity is achieved with the assistance of a cyano-based directing template and the selectivity remained unaltered irrespective of the steric and electronic influence of the substituents. The post-synthetic modification of synthesized para-alkynylated arenes is also demonstrated. The mechanistic intricacies of the developed protocol are elucidated through experimental and computational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uttam Dutta
- IIT Bombay, Department of Chemistry Powai Mumbai 400076 India
| | - Gaurav Prakash
- IIT Bombay, Department of Chemistry Powai Mumbai 400076 India
| | - Kirti Devi
- IIT Bombay, Department of Chemistry Powai Mumbai 400076 India
| | - Kongkona Borah
- IIT Bombay, Department of Chemistry Powai Mumbai 400076 India
| | - Xinglong Zhang
- Institute of High Performance Computing (IHPC), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) Singapore Singapore
| | - Debabrata Maiti
- IIT Bombay, Department of Chemistry Powai Mumbai 400076 India
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3
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de Carvalho RL, Diogo EBT, Homölle SL, Dana S, da Silva Júnior EN, Ackermann L. The crucial role of silver(I)-salts as additives in C-H activation reactions: overall analysis of their versatility and applicability. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:6359-6378. [PMID: 37655711 PMCID: PMC10714919 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00328k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Transition-metal catalyzed C-H activation reactions have been proven to be useful methodologies for the assembly of synthetically meaningful molecules. This approach bears intrinsic peculiarities that are important to be studied and comprehended in order to achieve its best performance. One example is the use of additives for the in situ generation of catalytically active species. This strategy varies according to the type of additive and the nature of the pre-catalyst that is being used. Thus, silver(I)-salts have proven to play an important role, due to the resulting high reactivity derived from the pre-catalysts of the main transition metals used so far. While being powerful and versatile, the use of silver-based additives can raise concerns, since superstoichiometric amounts of silver(I)-salts are typically required. Therefore, it is crucial to first understand the role of silver(I) salts as additives, in order to wisely overcome this barrier and shift towards silver-free systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato L de Carvalho
- Institute of Exact Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais-UFMG, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Emilay B T Diogo
- Institute of Exact Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais-UFMG, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Simon L Homölle
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie and Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Suman Dana
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie and Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Eufrânio N da Silva Júnior
- Institute of Exact Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais-UFMG, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie and Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
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4
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Bakthadoss M, Reddy TT. Distal meta-C-H functionalization of α-substituted cinnamates. Chem Sci 2023; 14:5880-5886. [PMID: 37293646 PMCID: PMC10246684 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc06206b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of a novel strategy for the palladium-catalyzed selective meta-C-H activation of α-substituted cinnamates and their heterocyclic analogues with various alkenes using nitrile as a directing group (DG) has been described. Importantly, we introduced naphthoquinone, benzoquinones, maleimides and sulfolene as coupling partners in the meta-C-H activation reaction for the first time. Notably, allylation, acetoxylation and cyanation were also achieved through distal meta-C-H functionalization. This novel protocol also includes the coupling of various olefin-tethered bioactive molecules with high selectivity.
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5
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Rakshit A, Dhara HN, Sahoo AK, Patel BK. The Renaissance of Organo Nitriles in Organic Synthesis. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200792. [PMID: 36047749 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In the arena of functional group-oriented organic synthesis, the nitrile or cyano functionality is of immense importance. The presence of nucleophilic N -atom, π-coordinating ability of the triple bond, and electrophilic C-center imparts unique and interesting reactivity. Owing to the ability of the nitrile to transform into various other functional groups or intermediates, the chemistry is very rich and diverse. In particular, the involvement of nitrile in numerous organic reactions such as inter- or intramolecular alkyne insertion, [2 + 2 + 2] cycloaddition with alkynes, [3 + 2] cycloaddition with azides, [4 + 2] cycloaddition with diene allow the synthesis of many important carbocycles and heterocycles. Furthermore, the nitrile serves as a directing group in many C-H bond functionalization reactions to introduce diverse functionality and participate as a radical acceptor in radical cascade strategies to obtain a large variety of functional molecules. This review mainly focuses on the reactivity and diverse synthetic application of the nitrile including C-H bond functionalization, alkyne insertion, cycloaddition, and thermal or photochemical cascade strategy. The objective of the current review aims at bringing out the striking collection of various nitrile-triggered organic transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amitava Rakshit
- IIT Guwahati: Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Chemistry, INDIA
| | | | | | - Bhisma K Patel
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Chemistry, North Guwahati-781 039, 781 039, Guwahati, INDIA
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6
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Xu F, Zhang F, Wang W, Yao M, Lin X, Yang F, Qian Y, Chen Z. Iron(III)-catalyzed α-cyanation and carbonylation with 2-pyridylacetonitrile: divergent synthesis of α-amino nitriles and tetrahydroisoquinolinones. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:7031-7035. [PMID: 36018561 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01199a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Iron-catalyzed oxidative synthesis of N-aryl-substituted tetrahydroisoquinolines (THIQs) toward tetrahydroisoquinoline-based derivatives is reported. A wide range of α-amino nitriles and tetrahydroisoquinolinones are synthesized in moderate to good yields. This approach involves a new organic nitrile source, a cheap iron catalyst under an oxygen atmosphere, and temperature-controlled divergent synthesis and features complete selectivity and operational simplicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China.
| | - Fanglian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China.
| | - Wenjia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China.
| | - Mingxu Yao
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China.
| | - Xing Lin
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China.
| | - Fang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China.
| | - Yiping Qian
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China.
| | - Zhengwang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China.
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7
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Motiwala HF, Armaly AM, Cacioppo JG, Coombs TC, Koehn KRK, Norwood VM, Aubé J. HFIP in Organic Synthesis. Chem Rev 2022; 122:12544-12747. [PMID: 35848353 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
1,1,1,3,3,3-Hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) is a polar, strongly hydrogen bond-donating solvent that has found numerous uses in organic synthesis due to its ability to stabilize ionic species, transfer protons, and engage in a range of other intermolecular interactions. The use of this solvent has exponentially increased in the past decade and has become a solvent of choice in some areas, such as C-H functionalization chemistry. In this review, following a brief history of HFIP in organic synthesis and an overview of its physical properties, literature examples of organic reactions using HFIP as a solvent or an additive are presented, emphasizing the effect of solvent of each reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hashim F Motiwala
- Divison of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 United States
| | - Ahlam M Armaly
- Divison of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 United States
| | - Jackson G Cacioppo
- Divison of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 United States
| | - Thomas C Coombs
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina 28403 United States
| | - Kimberly R K Koehn
- Divison of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 United States
| | - Verrill M Norwood
- Divison of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 United States
| | - Jeffrey Aubé
- Divison of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 United States
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8
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Bang J, Gi S, Lee Y, Tan KL, Lee S. Meta-Selective C-H Functionalization of Arylsilanes Using a Silicon Tethered Directing Group. Org Lett 2022; 24:5181-5185. [PMID: 35822845 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We describe meta-selective C-H functionalization of arylsilanes using a Si-tethered directing group. The current method enables a selective alkenylation of arenes bearing a variety of functional groups, and several electron-deficient olefins are also applicable as coupling partners. Further functional group transformations of the silicon-tethered directing group provide multisubstituted arenes efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehan Bang
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, DGIST, 333 Techno Jungang-daero, Dalseong-gun, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Seyun Gi
- School of Undergraduate Studies, DGIST, 333 Techno Jungang-daero, Dalseong-gun, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonjung Lee
- School of Undergraduate Studies, DGIST, 333 Techno Jungang-daero, Dalseong-gun, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Kian L Tan
- Global Discovery Chemistry-SynTech Group, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Sunggi Lee
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, DGIST, 333 Techno Jungang-daero, Dalseong-gun, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea.,Center for Basic Science, DGIST, 333 Techno Jungang-daero, Dalseong-gun, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
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9
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Maiti S, Li Y, Sasmal S, Guin S, Bhattacharya T, Lahiri GK, Paton RS, Maiti D. Expanding chemical space by para-C-H arylation of arenes. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3963. [PMID: 35803905 PMCID: PMC9270437 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31506-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Biaryl scaffolds are privileged templates used in the discovery and design of therapeutics with high affinity and specificity for a broad range of protein targets. Biaryls are found in the structures of therapeutics, including antibiotics, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, neurological and antihypertensive drugs. However, existing synthetic routes to biphenyls rely on traditional coupling approaches that require both arenes to be prefunctionalized with halides or pseudohalides with the desired regiochemistry. Therefore, the coupling of drug fragments may be challenging via conventional approaches. As an attractive alternative, directed C−H activation has the potential to be a versatile tool to form para-substituted biphenyl motifs selectively. However, existing C–H arylation protocols are not suitable for drug entities as they are hindered by catalyst deactivation by polar and delicate functionalities present alongside the instability of macrocyclic intermediates required for para-C−H activation. To address this challenge, we have developed a robust catalytic system that displays unique efficacy towards para-arylation of highly functionalized substrates such as drug entities, giving access to structurally diversified biaryl scaffolds. This diversification process provides access to an expanded chemical space for further exploration in drug discovery. Further, the applicability of the transformation is realized through the synthesis of drug molecules bearing a biphenyl fragment. Computational and experimental mechanistic studies further provide insight into the catalytic cycle operative in this versatile C−H arylation protocol. Biaryls are privileged structural motif used in the discovery and design of therapeutics with high affinity and specificity for a broad range of protein targets. Herein, the authors develop a robust strategy for para-C–H arylation of arenes with a range of (het)aryl iodides, including bioactive molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudip Maiti
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Yingzi Li
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Sheuli Sasmal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Srimanta Guin
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Trisha Bhattacharya
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Goutam Kumar Lahiri
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India.
| | - Robert S Paton
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.
| | - Debabrata Maiti
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India. .,IDP in Climate Studies, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, 400076, Mumbai, India.
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10
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Tao Y, Hu R, Xie Z, Lin P, Su W. Cobalt-Catalyzed Regioselective para-Amination of Azobenzenes via Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution of Hydrogen. J Org Chem 2022; 87:4724-4731. [PMID: 35290054 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The metal-catalyzed nucleophilic aromatic substitution of hydrogen (SNArH) via coordination of the substituent on the aromatic ring to the metal catalyst, in terms of reactivity, substrate type, and reaction selectivity, complements the transition metal-catalyzed C-H functionalization that proceeds via C-H metalation but remains an elusive target. Described herein is the development of an unprecedented cobalt-catalyzed para-selective amination of azobenzenes, which is essentially a metal-promoted SNArH process as revealed by Hammett analysis, thus illustrating the concept that coordination of the substituent on the arene ring to the metal catalyst may result in electrophilic activation of the arene ring toward SNArH. This cobalt-catalyzed protocol allows the use of a variety of both aliphatic amines and anilines as aminating reagents, tolerates electronically diverse substituents of azobenzene, and furnishes the corresponding products in good yields with a regiospecific selectivity for para-amination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yigao Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China.,School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China.,Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Rong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China.,School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China.,Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Zeyu Xie
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Ping Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Weiping Su
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
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11
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Lam NYS, Fan Z, Wu K, Park HS, Shim SY, Strassfeld DA, Yu JQ. Empirical Guidelines for the Development of Remote Directing Templates through Quantitative and Experimental Analyses. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:2793-2803. [PMID: 35108009 PMCID: PMC9170077 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c12654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The ability to differentiate and selectively activate remote C-H bonds represents a perennial challenge in the field of C-H activation. Since its first report in 2012, a now-established "directing template" (DT) approach remains demonstrably effective for the functionalization of remote C-H bonds. As selectivity is hypothesized to be principally determined by the optimal positioning of the reactive catalyst to a target C-H bond, a DT's spatial factors are particularly important toward achieving high selectivity, though a systematic study on its requisite factors remain unelucidated. Through an in-depth analysis of 119 structurally unique published remote DTs, this report summarizes the key factors that are central toward achieving high selectivity at defined aryl positions, which are experimentally corroborated through the development of new aliphatic meta and para-selective DTs for electronically unbiased arenes. These empirical rules, which summarize key distance and geometric factors, are expected to be useful tools for the future development of site-selective arene C-H activation as well as other reactions that rely on covalent/noncovalent DT-mediated remote regioselection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson Y. S. Lam
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Zhoulong Fan
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Kevin Wu
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Han Seul Park
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Su Yong Shim
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Daniel A. Strassfeld
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Jin-Quan Yu
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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12
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Liu S, Wang Q, Huang F, Wang W, Yang C, Liu J, Chen D. Insight into the mechanism of the arylation of arenes via norbornene relay palladation through meta- to para-selectivity. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01500a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A theoretical insight was shown into the origin of site-selectivity in the arylation of arenes by a norbornene relay palladation through meta- to para-selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Liu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| | - Qiong Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| | - Fang Huang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| | - Wenjuan Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| | - Chong Yang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| | - Jianbiao Liu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| | - Dezhan Chen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
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13
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Sinha SK, Guin S, Maiti S, Biswas JP, Porey S, Maiti D. Toolbox for Distal C-H Bond Functionalizations in Organic Molecules. Chem Rev 2021; 122:5682-5841. [PMID: 34662117 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Transition metal catalyzed C-H activation has developed a contemporary approach to the omnipresent area of retrosynthetic disconnection. Scientific researchers have been tempted to take the help of this methodology to plan their synthetic discourses. This paradigm shift has helped in the development of industrial units as well, making the synthesis of natural products and pharmaceutical drugs step-economical. In the vast zone of C-H bond activation, the functionalization of proximal C-H bonds has gained utmost popularity. Unlike the activation of proximal C-H bonds, the distal C-H functionalization is more strenuous and requires distinctly specialized techniques. In this review, we have compiled various methods adopted to functionalize distal C-H bonds, mechanistic insights within each of these procedures, and the scope of the methodology. With this review, we give a complete overview of the expeditious progress the distal C-H activation has made in the field of synthetic organic chemistry while also highlighting its pitfalls, thus leaving the field open for further synthetic modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Kumar Sinha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Srimanta Guin
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Sudip Maiti
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Jyoti Prasad Biswas
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Sandip Porey
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Debabrata Maiti
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
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14
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Mao JH, Wang YB, Yang L, Xiang SH, Wu QH, Cui Y, Lu Q, Lv J, Li S, Tan B. Organocatalyst-controlled site-selective arene C-H functionalization. Nat Chem 2021; 13:982-991. [PMID: 34373595 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-021-00750-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Over the past three decades, organocatalysis has emerged as a powerful catalysis platform and has gradually been incorporated into the routine synthetic toolbox to obtain chiral molecules. However, its application in the site- and enantioselective functionalization of inactive aryl C-H bonds remains in its infancy. Here, we present an organocatalyst-controlled para-selective arene C-H functionalization strategy that addresses this issue, which remains an enduring challenge in arene functionalization chemistry. By emulating enzyme catalysis, the chiral phosphoric acid catalyst offers an ideal chiral environment for stereoinduction, and the projecting substituents give control of chemo- and site-selectivity. Various types of nucleophile are compatible with this method, affording more than 100 para-selective adducts with stereodefined carbon centres or axes in viable molecular contexts. This protocol is expected to provide a general strategy for para-selective functionalization of arene C-H bonds in a controlled manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Hui Mao
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yong-Bin Wang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Limin Yang
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shao-Hua Xiang
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Quan-Hao Wu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuan Cui
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qian Lu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jie Lv
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shaoyu Li
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bin Tan
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
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15
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Murali K, Machado LA, Carvalho RL, Pedrosa LF, Mukherjee R, Da Silva Júnior EN, Maiti D. Decoding Directing Groups and Their Pivotal Role in C-H Activation. Chemistry 2021; 27:12453-12508. [PMID: 34038596 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic organic chemistry has witnessed a plethora of functionalization and defunctionalization strategies. In this regard, C-H functionalization has been at the forefront due to the multifarious applications in the development of simple to complex molecular architectures and holds a brilliant prospect in drug development and discovery. Despite been explored tremendously by chemists, this functionalization strategy still enjoys the employment of novel metal catalysts as well metal-free organic ligands. Moreover, the switch to photo- and electrochemistry has widened our understanding of the alternative pathways via which a reaction can proceed and these strategies have garnered prominence when applied to C-H activation. Synthetic chemists have been foraging for new directing groups and templates for the selective activation of C-H bonds from a myriad of carbon-hydrogen bonds in aromatic as well as aliphatic systems. As a matter of fact, by varying the templates and directing groups, scientists found the answer to the challenge of distal C-H bond activation which remained an obstacle for a very long time. These templates have been frequently harnessed for selectively activating C-H bonds of natural products, drugs, and macromolecules decorated with multiple C-H bonds. This itself was a challenge before the commencement of this field as functionalization of a site other than the targeted site could modify and hamper the biological activity of the pharmacophore. Total synthesis and pharmacophore development often faces the difficulty of superfluous reaction steps towards selective functionalization. This obstacle has been solved by late-stage functionalization simply by harnessing C-H bond activation. Moreover, green chemistry and metal-free reaction conditions have seen light in the past few decades due to the rising concern about environmental issues. Therefore, metal-free catalysts or the usage of non-toxic metals have been recently showcased in a number of elegant works. Also, research groups across the world are developing rational strategies for directing group free or non-directed protocols that are just guided by ligands. This review encapsulates the research works pertinent to C-H bond activation and discusses the science devoted to it at the fundamental level. This review gives the readers a broad understanding of how these strategies work, the execution of various metal catalysts, and directing groups. This not only helps a budding scientist towards the commencement of his/her research but also helps a matured mind searching out for selective functionalization. A detailed picture of this field and its progress with time has been portrayed in lucid scientific language with a motive to inculcate and educate scientific minds about this beautiful strategy with an overview of the most relevant and significant works of this era. The unique trait of this review is the detailed description and classification of various directing groups and their utility over a wide substrate scope. This allows an experimental chemist to understand the applicability of this domain and employ it over any targeted substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karunanidhi Murali
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Luana A Machado
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, MG, Brazil.,Department of Chemistry, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, 24020-141, RJ, Brazil
| | - Renato L Carvalho
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Leandro F Pedrosa
- Department of Chemistry, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, 24020-141, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rishav Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | | | - Debabrata Maiti
- Department of Chemistry IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
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16
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Li G, Yan Y, Zhang P, Xu X, Jin Z. Palladium-Catalyzed meta-Selective C–H Functionalization by Noncovalent H-Bonding Interaction. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c02974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guoshuai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Elementoorganic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yifei Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Elementoorganic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Elementoorganic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiaohua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Elementoorganic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zhong Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Elementoorganic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Laboratory of Xinjiang Native Medicinal and Edible Plant Resource Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Enviromental Science, Kashi University, Kashgar 844007, China
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17
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Zhao C, Yang S, Cheng Y, Qu R, Huang X, Liu H. Mechanistic Insight into Pd(II)-Catalyzed Late-Stage Nondirected C(sp 2)-H Cyanation of Toluene Using the Dual Ligands MPAA and Quinoxaline: A Density Functional Theory Investigation. J Org Chem 2021; 86:10526-10535. [PMID: 34279941 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed to investigate the mechanism of Pd(II)-catalyzed late-stage nondirected C(sp2)-H cyanation of toluene. We confirmed the resting state and catalytic active species of this stoichiometric reaction, and we calculated the full catalytic cycle to obtain a favorable reaction pathway. The DFT calculation results indicate that the morphology of the active species is essential for the observed concerted metalation/deprotonation step. Although C-H activation is reversible in principle, it is the regioselectivity- or product-determining step. Our calculation results show that the regioselectivity is not only influenced by the electron effects but also by the potential steric repulsion interactions between the substrates and the specific geometry of the catalyst. Interestingly, the transmetalation process involves the largest overall change in free energy; thus, transmetalation is defined as the rate-determining step and turnover-determining step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyu Zhao
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Liutiao Road, Changchun 130023, China
| | - Siwei Yang
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Liutiao Road, Changchun 130023, China
| | - Yaxuan Cheng
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Liutiao Road, Changchun 130023, China
| | - Ruxin Qu
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Liutiao Road, Changchun 130023, China
| | - Xuri Huang
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Liutiao Road, Changchun 130023, China
| | - Huiling Liu
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Liutiao Road, Changchun 130023, China
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18
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Muthuraja P, Usman R, Sajeev R, Gopinath P. Controlled meta-Selective C-H Mono- and Di-Olefination of Mandelic Acid Derivatives. Org Lett 2021; 23:6014-6018. [PMID: 34279109 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Mandelic acids represent a key structural motif present in many drug molecules. Herein, we report the controlled meta-selective mono- and diolefination of mandelic acids by the careful design of the substrate and oxidant. Furthermore, free meta-functionalized mandelic acid was generated by selectively removing the template under mild basic conditions. The synthesis of functionalized homatropine and cyclandelate drug derivatives was demonstrated. Kinetic isotope effects revealed C-H activation as the rate-limiting step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perumal Muthuraja
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
| | - Rahamdil Usman
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
| | - Revathy Sajeev
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
| | - Purushothaman Gopinath
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
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19
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Zhao X, Wang L, Li X, Zhang Q, Li W, Lin A, Xu J, Wu X, Xie W. A Practical Synthetic Route to Artepillin C and Drupanin. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xue‐Zheng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (SKLNM) and Department of Medicinal Chemistry School of Pharmacy China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
| | - Lu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (SKLNM) and Department of Medicinal Chemistry School of Pharmacy China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
| | - Xiao‐Ya Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (SKLNM) and Department of Medicinal Chemistry School of Pharmacy China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
| | - Qing‐Qing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (SKLNM) and Department of Medicinal Chemistry School of Pharmacy China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (SKLNM) and Department of Medicinal Chemistry School of Pharmacy China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
| | - Ai‐Jun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (SKLNM) and Department of Medicinal Chemistry School of Pharmacy China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
| | - Jin‐Yi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (SKLNM) and Department of Medicinal Chemistry School of Pharmacy China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
| | - Xiao‐Ming Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (SKLNM) and Department of Medicinal Chemistry School of Pharmacy China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
| | - Wei‐Jia Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (SKLNM) and Department of Medicinal Chemistry School of Pharmacy China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
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20
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Bhattacharya T, Ghosh A, Maiti D. Hexafluoroisopropanol: the magical solvent for Pd-catalyzed C-H activation. Chem Sci 2021; 12:3857-3870. [PMID: 34163654 PMCID: PMC8179444 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc06937j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Among numerous solvents available for chemical transformations, 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol (popularly known as HFIP) has attracted enough attention of the scientific community in recent years. Several unique features of HFIP compared to its non-fluoro analogue isopropanol have helped this solvent to make a difference in various subdomains of organic chemistry. One such area is transition metal-catalyzed C-H bond functionalization reactions. While, on one side, HFIP is emerging as a green and sustainable deep eutectic solvent (DES), on the other side, a major proportion of Pd-catalyzed C-H functionalization is heavily relying on this solvent. In particular, for distal aromatic C-H functionalizations, the exceptional impact of HFIP to elevate the yield and selectivity has made this solvent irreplaceable. Recent research studies have also highlighted the H-bond-donating ability of HFIP to enhance the chiral induction in Pd-catalyzed atroposelective C-H activation. This perspective aims to portray different shades of HFIP as a magical solvent in Pd-catalyzed C-H functionalization reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trisha Bhattacharya
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai Mumbai Maharashtra 400076 India
| | - Animesh Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai Mumbai Maharashtra 400076 India
| | - Debabrata Maiti
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai Mumbai Maharashtra 400076 India
- Tokyo Tech World Research Hub Initiative (WRHI), Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
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21
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Chen X, Fan S, Zhang M, Gao Y, Li S, Li G. Palladium-catalyzed remote para-C-H activation of arenes assisted by a recyclable pyridine-based template. Chem Sci 2021; 12:4126-4131. [PMID: 34163684 PMCID: PMC8179498 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc07042d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct para-selective C-H functionalization of arenes remains a daunting challenge and is still significantly restricted to a few scaffolds. Herein, we report an unprecedented pyridine-based para-directing template (DT) assisted, Pd-catalyzed para-C-H alkenylation of three classes of arenes, i.e. phenylpropanoic acids, 2-phenyl benzoic acids and benzyl alcohols, with a series of alkenes including perfluoroalkenes. Notably, the pyridine-based para-DT could be easily synthesized and readily recycled under mild conditions. These results may find application in rapid construction of para-substituted arenes and stimulate the exploration of novel methods for para-C-H functionalization of arenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) 155 West Yang-Qiao Road Fuzhou Fujian 350002 P. R. China
- Fujian College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Shuai Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) 155 West Yang-Qiao Road Fuzhou Fujian 350002 P. R. China
| | - Meng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) 155 West Yang-Qiao Road Fuzhou Fujian 350002 P. R. China
| | - Yuzhen Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) 155 West Yang-Qiao Road Fuzhou Fujian 350002 P. R. China
| | - Shangda Li
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) 155 West Yang-Qiao Road Fuzhou Fujian 350002 P. R. China
| | - Gang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) 155 West Yang-Qiao Road Fuzhou Fujian 350002 P. R. China
- Fujian College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
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22
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Pimparkar S, Koodan A, Maiti S, Ahmed NS, Mostafa MMM, Maiti D. C–CN bond formation: an overview of diverse strategies. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:2210-2232. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc07783f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Aim for cyanation: a comprehensive overview on various approaches on C–CN bond formation in arenes/heteroarenes by activated halides/pseudohalide, directed, non-directed, electro-catalyzed, photoredox-catalyzed, and radical approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nesreen S. Ahmed
- Department of Therapeutic Chemistry
- National Research Centre
- Cairo-12622
- Egypt
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23
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Cheng HC, Guo PH, Ma JL, Hu XQ. Directing group strategies in catalytic sp2 C–H cyanations: scope, mechanism and limitations. Catal Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cy00241d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Directing group strategy in transition metal catalyzed sp2 C–H bond cyanation has contributed to the direct conversion of hydrocarbons to cyano-containing compounds. Recent developments in transition metal-mediated sp2 C–H bond cyanation using this strategy are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-cheng Cheng
- College of Chemistry
- Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology
- Maoming 525000
- PR China
| | - Peng-hu Guo
- College of Chemistry
- Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology
- Maoming 525000
- PR China
| | - Jiao-li Ma
- College of Chemistry
- Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology
- Maoming 525000
- PR China
| | - Xiao-Qiang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- South-Central University for Nationalities
- Wuhan 430074
- China
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24
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Carvalho RL, Almeida RG, Murali K, Machado LA, Pedrosa LF, Dolui P, Maiti D, da Silva Júnior EN. Removal and modification of directing groups used in metal-catalyzed C–H functionalization: the magical step of conversion into ‘conventional’ functional groups. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:525-547. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ob02232b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This feature review is focused on recent approaches for removing versatile directing groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato L. Carvalho
- Institute of Exact Sciences
- Department of Chemistry
- Federal University of Minas Gerais
- Belo Horizonte
- Brazil
| | - Renata G. Almeida
- Institute of Exact Sciences
- Department of Chemistry
- Federal University of Minas Gerais
- Belo Horizonte
- Brazil
| | - Karunanidhi Murali
- Institute of Exact Sciences
- Department of Chemistry
- Federal University of Minas Gerais
- Belo Horizonte
- Brazil
| | - Luana A. Machado
- Institute of Exact Sciences
- Department of Chemistry
- Federal University of Minas Gerais
- Belo Horizonte
- Brazil
| | | | - Pravas Dolui
- Department of Chemistry
- IIT Bombay
- Mumbai 400076
- India
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25
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Ansel AQ, Montgomery J. Combined Cyanoborylation, C-H Activation Strategy for Styrene Functionalization. Org Lett 2020; 22:8538-8543. [PMID: 33108197 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c03138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A one-pot multicomponent copper-catalyzed protocol for borylation/ortho-cyanation of styrene derivatives followed by a Suzuki-Miyaura coupling provides a platform to explore the factors that control the selectivity between distal or proximal functionalization of arenes. The development of divergent nitrile-directed C-H functionalization (acetoxylation, pivalation, and methoxylation) offers an effective approach to rapidly increase synthetic complexity. Finally, the development of a mild reductive decyanation allows a traceless method to access functionalized biaryl motifs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabel Q Ansel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - John Montgomery
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
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26
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Sasmal S, Dutta U, Lahiri GK, Maiti D. Transition Metals and Transition Metals/Lewis Acid Cooperative Catalysis for Directing Group Assisted para-C–H Functionalization. CHEM LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.200500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheuli Sasmal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Uttam Dutta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Goutam Kumar Lahiri
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Debabrata Maiti
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
- Tokyo Tech World Research Hub Initiative (WRHI) Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
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27
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Lapuh MI, Mazeh S, Besset T. Chiral Transient Directing Groups in Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Enantioselective C–H Bond Functionalization. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c03317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria I. Lapuh
- Normandie Univ, INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS, COBRA (UMR 6014), 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Sara Mazeh
- Normandie Univ, INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS, COBRA (UMR 6014), 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Tatiana Besset
- Normandie Univ, INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS, COBRA (UMR 6014), 76000 Rouen, France
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28
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Suzhou Research Institute of LICP, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yanan Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Suzhou Research Institute of LICP, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Qiangqiang Xia
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Suzhou Research Institute of LICP, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Jianfei Bai
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Suzhou Research Institute of LICP, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Yuehui Li
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Suzhou Research Institute of LICP, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
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