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Křístková B, Martínková L, Rucká L, Kotik M, Kulik N, Rädisch R, Winkler M, Pátek M. Immobilization of aldoxime dehydratases on metal affinity resins and use of the immobilized catalysts for the synthesis of nitriles important in fragrance industry. J Biotechnol 2024; 384:12-19. [PMID: 38373531 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2024.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Nitriles have a wide range of uses as building blocks, solvents, and alternative fuels, but also as intermediates and components of flavors and fragrances. The enzymatic synthesis of nitriles by aldoxime dehydratase (Oxd) is an emerging process with significant advantages over conventional approaches. Here we focus on the immobilization of His-tagged Oxds on metal affinity resins, an approach that has not been used previously for these enzymes. The potential of the immobilized Oxd was demonstrated for the synthesis of phenylacetonitrile (PAN) and E-cinnamonitrile, compounds applicable in the fragrance industry. A comparison of Talon and Ni-NTA resins showed that Ni-NTA with its higher binding capacity was more suitable for the immobilization of Oxd. Immobilized Oxds were prepared from purified enzymes (OxdFv from Fusarium vanettenii and OxdBr1 from Bradyrhizobium sp.) or the corresponding cell-free extracts. The immobilization of cell-free extracts reduced time and cost of the catalyst production. The immobilized OxdBr1 was superior in terms of recyclability (22 cycles) in the synthesis of PAN from 15 mM E/Z-phenylacetaldoxime at pH 7.0 and 30 °C (100% conversion, 61% isolated yield after product purification). The volumetric and catalyst productivity was 10.5 g/L/h and 48.3 g/g of immobilized protein, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Křístková
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, Prague CZ-142 00, Czech Republic; Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, Prague CZ-166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Ludmila Martínková
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, Prague CZ-142 00, Czech Republic.
| | - Lenka Rucká
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, Prague CZ-142 00, Czech Republic
| | - Michael Kotik
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, Prague CZ-142 00, Czech Republic
| | - Natalia Kulik
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis, Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Novohradská 237, Třeboň CZ-37981, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Rädisch
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, Prague CZ-142 00, Czech Republic; Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 5, Prague CZ-128 44, Czech Republic
| | - Margit Winkler
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Chemical and Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 14, Graz A-8010, Austria; Austrian Center of Industrial Biotechnology GmbH, Krenngasse 37, Graz A-8010, Austria
| | - Miroslav Pátek
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, Prague CZ-142 00, Czech Republic
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Yamaguchi T, Asano Y. Nitrile-synthesizing enzymes and biocatalytic synthesis of volatile nitrile compounds: A review. J Biotechnol 2024; 384:20-28. [PMID: 38395363 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2024.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Nitriles (R-CN) comprise a broad group of chemicals industrially produced and used in fine chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and bulk applications, polymer chemistry, solvents, etc. Nitriles are important starting materials for producing carboxylic acids, amides, amines, and several other compounds. In addition, some volatile nitriles have been evaluated for their potential as ingredients in fragrance and flavor formulations. However, many nitrile synthesis methods have drawbacks, such as drastic reaction conditions, limited substrate scope, lack of readily available reagents, poor yields, and long reaction times. In contrast to chemical synthesis, biocatalytic approaches using enzymes can produce nitriles without harsh conditions, such as high temperatures and pressures, or toxic compounds. In this review, we summarize the nitrile-synthesizing enzymes from microorganisms, plants, and animals. Furthermore, we introduce several examples of biocatalytic synthesis of volatile nitrile compounds, particularly those using aldoxime dehydratase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Yamaguchi
- Biotechnology Research Center and Department of Biotechnology, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan.
| | - Yasuhisa Asano
- Biotechnology Research Center and Department of Biotechnology, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
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Pei X, Xiao Q, Feng Y, Chen L, Yang F, Wang Q, Li N, Wang A. Enzymatic properties of a non-classical aldoxime dehydratase capable of producing alkyl and arylalkyl nitriles. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:7089-7104. [PMID: 37733049 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12767-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Nitriles are of significant interest in the flavor and fragrance industries with potential application in cosmetics due to their higher stability than analogous aldehydes. However, the traditional methods to prepare nitriles need toxic reagents and hash conditions. This work aimed to develop a chemoenzymatic strategy to synthesize nitriles from natural aldehydes with aldoxime as the intermediate. A non-classical aldoxime dehydratase (Oxd) was discovered from the fungus Aspergillus ibericus (OxdAsp) to catalyze the dehydration of aldoximes to corresponding nitriles under mild conditions. The amino acid sequence of OxdAsp exhibits an approximately 20% identity with bacterial Oxds. OxdAsp contains a heme prosthetic group bound with the axial H287 in the catalytic pocket. The structure models of OxdAsp with substrates suggest that its catalytic triad is Y138-R141-E192, which is different from the classically bacterial Oxds of His-Arg-Ser/Thr. The catalytic mechanism of OxdAsp was proposed based on the mutagenesis of key residues. The hydroxyl group of the substrate is fixed by E192 to increase its basicity. Y138 acts as a general acid-based catalyst, and its phenolic proton is polarized by the adjacent R141. The protonated Y138 would donate a proton to the hydroxyl group of the substrate and eliminate a water molecule from aldoxime to produce nitrile. The recombinant OxdAsp can efficiently dehydrate citronellal oxime and cinnamaldoxime to citronellyl nitrile and cinnamonitrile in aqueous media, which are applied as fragrance ingredients in the food and cosmetic fields. KEY POINTS: • A novel aldoxime dehydratase from the Aspergillus genus was first characterized as a heme-binding protein. • The catalytic mechanism was predicted based on the molecular interactions of the catalytic pocket with the substrate. • A chemoenzymatic strategy was developed to synthesize nitriles from natural aldehydes with aldoxime as the intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Pei
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
| | - Qinjie Xiao
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Yumin Feng
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Li Chen
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Fengling Yang
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Qiuyan Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Nanxing Li
- Zhejiang Medicine Co. Ltd, Xinchang, 312500, China
| | - Anming Wang
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
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Martínková L, Grulich M, Pátek M, Křístková B, Winkler M. Bio-Based Valorization of Lignin-Derived Phenolic Compounds: A Review. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13050717. [PMID: 37238587 DOI: 10.3390/biom13050717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Lignins are the most abundant biopolymers that consist of aromatic units. Lignins are obtained by fractionation of lignocellulose in the form of "technical lignins". The depolymerization (conversion) of lignin and the treatment of depolymerized lignin are challenging processes due to the complexity and resistance of lignins. Progress toward mild work-up of lignins has been discussed in numerous reviews. The next step in the valorization of lignin is the conversion of lignin-based monomers, which are limited in number, into a wider range of bulk and fine chemicals. These reactions may need chemicals, catalysts, solvents, or energy from fossil resources. This is counterintuitive to green, sustainable chemistry. Therefore, in this review, we focus on biocatalyzed reactions of lignin monomers, e.g., vanillin, vanillic acid, syringaldehyde, guaiacols, (iso)eugenol, ferulic acid, p-coumaric acid, and alkylphenols. For each monomer, its production from lignin or lignocellulose is summarized, and, mainly, its biotransformations that provide useful chemicals are discussed. The technological maturity of these processes is characterized based on, e.g., scale, volumetric productivities, or isolated yields. The biocatalyzed reactions are compared with their chemically catalyzed counterparts if the latter are available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila Martínková
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Grulich
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Pátek
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Křístková
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Margit Winkler
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Chemical and Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 14, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Austrian Center of Industrial Biotechnology GmbH, Krenngasse 37, 8010 Graz, Austria
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Engineered aldoxime dehydratase to enable the chemoenzymatic conversion of benzyl amines to aromatic nitriles. Bioorg Chem 2023; 134:106468. [PMID: 36933338 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
A chemoenzymatic strategy has been implemented to synthesize nitriles from benzyl amines under mild conditions. Aldoxime dehydratase (Oxd) plays a decisive role to convert aldoximes into corresponding nitriles. However, natural Oxds commonly exhibit extremely low catalytic capacity toward benzaldehyde oximes. Here, we engineered the OxdF1 from Pseudomonas putida F1 to enhance its catalytic efficiency toward benzaldehyde oximes by a semi-rational design strategy. The protein structure-based CAVER analysis indicates that M29, A147, F306, and L318 are located adjacent to the substrate tunnel entrance of OxdF1, which were responsible for the transportation of substrate into the active site. After two rounds of mutagenesis, the maximum activities of the mutants L318F and L318F/F306Y were 2.6 and 2.8 U/mg respectively, which were significantly higher than the wild OxdF1 of 0.7 U/mg. Meanwhile, the lipase type B from Candida antarctica was functionally expressed in Escherichia coli cells to selectively oxidize benzyl amines to aldoximes using urea-hydrogen peroxide adduct (UHP) as an oxidant in ethyl acetate. To merge the oxidation and dehydration reactions, a reductive extraction solution was added to remove the residue UHP, which is critical to eliminate its inhibition on the Oxd activity. Consequently, nine benzyl amines were efficiently converted into corresponding nitriles by the chemoenzymatic sequence.
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Křístková B, Rädisch R, Kulik N, Horvat M, Rucká L, Grulich M, Rudroff F, Kádek A, Pátek M, Winkler M, Martínková L. Scanning aldoxime dehydratase sequence space and characterization of a new aldoxime dehydratase from Fusarium vanettenii. Enzyme Microb Technol 2023; 164:110187. [PMID: 36610228 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2022.110187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to map the sequence space of aldoxime dehydratases (Oxds) as enzymes with great potential for nitrile synthesis. Microbes contain an abundance of putative Oxds but fewer than ten Oxds were characterized in total and only two in fungi. In this work, we prepared and characterized a new Oxd (protein gb|EEU37245.1 named OxdFv) from Fusarium vanettenii 77-13-4. OxdFv is distant from the characterized Oxds with a maximum of 36% identity. Moreover, the canonical Oxd catalytic triad RSH is replaced by R141-E187-E303 in OxdFv. R141A and E187A mutants did not show significant activities, but mutant E303A showed a comparable activity as the wild-type enzyme. According to native mass spectrometry, OxdFv contained almost 1 mol of heme per 1 mol of protein, and was composed of approximately 88% monomer (41.8 kDa) and 12% dimer. A major advantage of this enzyme is its considerable activity under aerobic conditions (25.0 ± 4.3 U/mg for E,Z-phenylacetaldoxime at pH 9.0 and 55 °C). Addition of sodium dithionite (reducing agent) and Fe2+ was required for this activity. OxdFv favored (aryl)aliphatic aldoximes over aromatic aldoximes. Substrate docking in the homology model of OxdFv showed a similar substrate specificity. We conclude that OxdFv is the first characterized Oxd of the REE type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Křístková
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, CZ-166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Rädisch
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Charles University, Viničná 5, CZ-128 44 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Natalia Kulik
- Laboratory of Structural Biology and Bioinformatics, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 136, CZ-373 33 Nové Hrady, Czech Republic
| | - Melissa Horvat
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Chemical and Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 14, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Lenka Rucká
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Grulich
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Florian Rudroff
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/OC-163, A-1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alan Kádek
- Laboratory of Structural Biology and Cell Signaling, BIOCEV - Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Průmyslová 595, CZ-252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic; Leibniz Institute of Virology (LIV), Martinistraße 52, D-20251 Hamburg, Germany; European XFEL GmbH, Holzkoppel 4, D-22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Miroslav Pátek
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Margit Winkler
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Chemical and Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 14, A-8010 Graz, Austria; Austrian Center of Industrial Biotechnology GmbH, Krenngasse 37, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Ludmila Martínková
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague, Czech Republic.
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Anchi A, Sutar SM, Kalkhambkar RG, Borosky GL, Laali KK. Tropylium‐BF
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as Organocatalyst for Efficient Synthesis of Nitriles from Aldoximes; Synthetic Scope and Mechanistic Insights. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202202791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Athmanand Anchi
- Department of Chemistry Karnatak University's Karnatak Science College Dharwad Karnatak 580001 India
| | - Suraj M. Sutar
- Department of Chemistry Karnatak University's Karnatak Science College Dharwad Karnatak 580001 India
| | - Rajesh G. Kalkhambkar
- Department of Chemistry Karnatak University's Karnatak Science College Dharwad Karnatak 580001 India
| | - Gabriela L. Borosky
- INFIQC CONICET and Departamento de Química Teórica y Computacional Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria Córdoba 5000 Argentina
| | - Kenneth K. Laali
- Department of Chemistry University of North Florida, 1 UNF Drive Jacksonville Florida 32224 USA
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Wohlgemuth R. Selective Biocatalytic Defunctionalization of Raw Materials. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202200402. [PMID: 35388636 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202200402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Biobased raw materials, such as carbohydrates, amino acids, nucleotides, or lipids contain valuable functional groups with oxygen and nitrogen atoms. An abundance of many functional groups of the same type, such as primary or secondary hydroxy groups in carbohydrates, however, limits the synthetic usefulness if similar reactivities cannot be differentiated. Therefore, selective defunctionalization of highly functionalized biobased starting materials to differentially functionalized compounds can provide a sustainable access to chiral synthons, even in case of products with fewer functional groups. Selective defunctionalization reactions, without affecting other functional groups of the same type, are of fundamental interest for biocatalytic reactions. Controlled biocatalytic defunctionalizations of biobased raw materials are attractive for obtaining valuable platform chemicals and building blocks. The biocatalytic removal of functional groups, an important feature of natural metabolic pathways, can also be utilized in a systemic strategy for sustainable metabolite synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Wohlgemuth
- Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology Łódź, 90-537, Lodz, Poland
- Swiss Coordination Committee Biotechnology (SKB), 8002, Zurich, Switzerland
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Rädisch R, Pátek M, Křístková B, Winkler M, Křen V, Martínková L. Metabolism of Aldoximes and Nitriles in Plant-Associated Bacteria and Its Potential in Plant-Bacteria Interactions. Microorganisms 2022; 10:549. [PMID: 35336124 PMCID: PMC8955678 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10030549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In plants, aldoximes per se act as defense compounds and are precursors of complex defense compounds such as cyanogenic glucosides and glucosinolates. Bacteria rarely produce aldoximes, but some are able to transform them by aldoxime dehydratase (Oxd), followed by nitrilase (NLase) or nitrile hydratase (NHase) catalyzed transformations. Oxds are often encoded together with NLases or NHases in a single operon, forming the aldoxime-nitrile pathway. Previous reviews have largely focused on the use of Oxds and NLases or NHases in organic synthesis. In contrast, the focus of this review is on the contribution of these enzymes to plant-bacteria interactions. Therefore, we summarize the substrate specificities of the enzymes for plant compounds. We also analyze the taxonomic and ecological distribution of the enzymes. In addition, we discuss their importance in selected plant symbionts. The data show that Oxds, NLases, and NHases are abundant in Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria. The enzymes seem to be important for breaking through plant defenses and utilizing oximes or nitriles as nutrients. They may also contribute, e.g., to the synthesis of the phytohormone indole-3-acetic acid. We conclude that the bacterial and plant metabolism of aldoximes and nitriles may interfere in several ways. However, further in vitro and in vivo studies are needed to better understand this underexplored aspect of plant-bacteria interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Rädisch
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Charles University, Viničná 5, CZ-128 44 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Pátek
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Křístková
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, CZ-166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Margit Winkler
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Chemical and Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 14, A-8010 Graz, Austria
- Austrian Center of Industrial Biotechnology GmbH, Krenngasse 37, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Vladimír Křen
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ludmila Martínková
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
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10
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Matsui D, Muraki N, Chen K, Mori T, Ingram AA, Oike K, Gröger H, Aono S, Asano Y. Crystal structural analysis of aldoxime dehydratase from Bacillus sp. OxB-1: Importance of surface residues in optimization for crystallization. J Inorg Biochem 2022; 230:111770. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2022.111770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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11
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Horvat M, Weilch V, Rädisch R, Hecko S, Schiefer A, Rudroff F, Wilding B, Klempier N, Pátek M, Martínková L, Winkler M. Chemoenzymatic one-pot reaction from carboxylic acid to nitrile via oxime. Catal Sci Technol 2022; 12:62-66. [PMID: 35126993 PMCID: PMC8725990 DOI: 10.1039/d1cy01694f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We report a new chemoenzymatic cascade starting with aldehyde synthesis by carboxylic acid reductase (CAR) followed by chemical in situ oxime formation. The final step to the nitrile is catalyzed by aldoxime dehydratase (Oxd). Full conversions of phenylacetic acid and hexanoic acid were achieved in a two-phase mode. We report a new chemoenzymatic cascade starting with aldehyde synthesis by carboxylic acid reductase (CAR) followed by chemical in situ oxime formation and enzymatic dehydration by aldoxime dehydratase (Oxd).![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Horvat
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology Petersgasse 14 A-8010 Graz Austria
| | - Victoria Weilch
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology Petersgasse 14 A-8010 Graz Austria
| | - Robert Rädisch
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences Vídeňská 1083 CZ-142 20 Prague Czech Republic .,Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University Viničná 5 CZ-12844 Prague 2 Czech Republic
| | - Sebastian Hecko
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien Getreidemarkt 9/OC-163 A-1060 Vienna Austria
| | - Astrid Schiefer
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien Getreidemarkt 9/OC-163 A-1060 Vienna Austria
| | - Florian Rudroff
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien Getreidemarkt 9/OC-163 A-1060 Vienna Austria
| | - Birgit Wilding
- Acib GmbH Krenngasse 37 A-8010 Graz Austria.,Institute of Organic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology Stremayrgasse 9 A-8010 Graz Austria
| | - Norbert Klempier
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology Stremayrgasse 9 A-8010 Graz Austria
| | - Miroslav Pátek
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences Vídeňská 1083 CZ-142 20 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Ludmila Martínková
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences Vídeňská 1083 CZ-142 20 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Margit Winkler
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology Petersgasse 14 A-8010 Graz Austria .,Acib GmbH Krenngasse 37 A-8010 Graz Austria
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Abstract
Biocatalysis has an enormous impact on chemical synthesis. The waves in which biocatalysis has developed, and in doing so changed our perception of what organic chemistry is, were reviewed 20 and 10 years ago. Here we review the consequences of these waves of development. Nowadays, hydrolases are widely used on an industrial scale for the benign synthesis of commodity and bulk chemicals and are fully developed. In addition, further enzyme classes are gaining ever increasing interest. Particularly, enzymes catalysing selective C-C-bond formation reactions and enzymes catalysing selective oxidation and reduction reactions are solving long-standing synthetic challenges in organic chemistry. Combined efforts from molecular biology, systems biology, organic chemistry and chemical engineering will establish a whole new toolbox for chemistry. Recent developments are critically reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulf Hanefeld
- Biocatalysis, Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, The Netherlands.
| | - Frank Hollmann
- Biocatalysis, Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, The Netherlands.
| | - Caroline E Paul
- Biocatalysis, Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, The Netherlands.
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Domínguez de María P. Nitrile Synthesis with Aldoxime Dehydratases: A Biocatalytic Platform with Applications in Asymmetric Synthesis, Bulk Chemicals, and Biorefineries. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26154466. [PMID: 34361620 PMCID: PMC8347273 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitriles comprise a broad group of chemicals that are currently being industrially produced and used in fine chemicals and pharmaceuticals, as well as in bulk applications, polymer chemistry, solvents, etc. Aldoxime dehydratases catalyze the cyanide-free synthesis of nitriles starting from aldoximes under mild conditions, holding potential to become sustainable alternatives for industrial processes. Different aldoxime dehydratases accept a broad range of aldoximes with impressive high substrate loadings of up to >1 Kg L−1 and can efficiently catalyze the reaction in aqueous media as well as in non-aqueous systems, such as organic solvents and solvent-free (neat substrates). This paper provides an overview of the recent developments in this field with emphasis on strategies that may be of relevance for industry and sustainability. When possible, potential links to biorefineries and to the use of biogenic raw materials are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Domínguez de María
- Sustainable Momentum, SL, Av. Ansite 3, 4-6, 35011 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain
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Hinzmann A, Betke T, Asano Y, Gröger H. Synthetic Processes toward Nitriles without the Use of Cyanide: A Biocatalytic Concept Based on Dehydration of Aldoximes in Water. Chemistry 2021; 27:5313-5321. [PMID: 33112445 PMCID: PMC8049032 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
While belonging to the most fundamental functional groups, nitriles represent a class of compound that still raises challenges in terms of an efficient, cost‐effective, general and, at the same time, sustainable way for their synthesis. Complementing existing chemical routes, recently a cyanide‐free enzymatic process technology based on the use of an aldoxime dehydratase (Oxd) as a biocatalyst component has been developed and successfully applied for the synthesis of a range of nitrile products. In these biotransformations, the Oxd enzymes catalyze the dehydration of aldoximes as readily available substrates to the nitrile products. Herein, these developments with such enzymes are summarized, with a strong focus on synthetic applications. It is demonstrated that this biocatalytic technology has the potential to “cross the bridge” between the production of fine chemicals and pharmaceuticals, on one hand, and bulk and commodity chemicals, on the other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessa Hinzmann
- Chair of Industrial Organic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Tobias Betke
- Chair of Industrial Organic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Yasuhisa Asano
- Biotechnology Research Center, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama, 939-0398, Japan
| | - Harald Gröger
- Chair of Industrial Organic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
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