1
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Li T, Spruit CM, Wei N, Liu L, Wolfert MA, de Vries RP, Boons GJ. Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Tri-antennary N-Glycans Terminating in Sialyl-Lewis x Reveals the Importance of Glycan Complexity for Influenza A Virus Receptor Binding. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202401108. [PMID: 38567703 PMCID: PMC11156558 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
Sialyl-Lewisx (SLex) is involved in immune regulation, human fertilization, cancer, and bacterial and viral diseases. The influence of the complex glycan structures, which can present SLex epitopes, on binding is largely unknown. We report here a chemoenzymatic strategy for the preparation of a panel of twenty-two isomeric asymmetrical tri-antennary N-glycans presenting SLex-Lex epitopes on either the MGAT4 or MGAT5 arm that include putative high-affinity ligands for E-selectin. The N-glycans were prepared starting from a sialoglycopeptide isolated from egg yolk powder and took advantage of inherent substrate preferences of glycosyltransferases and the use of 5'-diphospho-N-trifluoracetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNHTFA) that can be transferred by branching N-acetylglucosaminyltransferases to give, after base treatment, GlcNH2-containing glycans that temporarily disable an antenna from enzymatic modification. Glycan microarray binding studies showed that E-selectin bound equally well to linear glycans and tri-antennary N-glycans presenting SLex-Lex. On the other hand, it was found that hemagglutinins (HA) of H5 influenza A viruses (IAV) preferentially bound the tri-antennary N-glycans. Furthermore, several H5 HAs preferentially bound to N-glycan presenting SLex on the MGAT4 arm. SLex is displayed in the respiratory tract of several avian species, demonstrating the relevance of investigating the binding of, among others IAVs, to complex N-glycans presenting SLex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiehai Li
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Present address: Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Cindy M Spruit
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Na Wei
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Lin Liu
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Margreet A Wolfert
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Robert P de Vries
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Geert-Jan Boons
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Chemistry Department, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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2
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Bonnet V, Clodic G, Sonnendecker C, Zimmermann W, Przybylski C. Ion mobility mass spectrometry enables the discrimination of positional isomers and the detection of conformers from cyclic oligosaccharides-metals supramolecular complexes. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 320:121205. [PMID: 37659808 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic oligosaccharides are well known to interact with various metals, able to form supramolecular complexes with distinct sizes and shapes. However, the presence of various isomers in a sample, including positional isomers and conformers, can significantly impact molecular recognition, encapsulation ability and chemical reactivity. Therefore, it is crucial to have tools for deep samples probing and correlation establishments. The emerging ion mobility mass spectrometry (IM-MS) has the advantages to be rapid and sensitive, but is still in its infancy for the investigation of supramolecular assemblies. In the herein study, it was demonstrated that IM-MS is suitable to discriminate several isomers of cyclodextrins (CD)-metals complexes, used as cyclic oligosaccharide models. In this sense, we investigated branched 6-O-α-glucosyl- or 6-O-α-maltosyl-β-cyclodextrins (G1-β-CD and G2-β-CD) and their purely cyclic isomers: CD8 (γ-CD) and CD9 (δ-CD). The corresponding collision cross section (CCS) values were deducted for the main positive singly and doubly charged species. Experimental CCS values were matched with models obtained from molecular modelling. The high mobility resolving power and resolution enabled discrimination of positional isomers, identification of various conformers and accurate relative content estimation. These results represent a milestone in the identification of carbohydrate conformers that cannot be easily reached by other approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Bonnet
- Laboratoire de Glycochimie, des Antimicrobiens et des Agroressources, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80039 Amiens, France
| | - Gilles Clodic
- Sorbonne Université, Mass Spectrometry Sciences Sorbonne University, MS3U Platform, UFR 926, UFR 927, Paris, France
| | | | - Wolfgang Zimmermann
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Cédric Przybylski
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, IPCM, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France; Université Paris-Saclay, Univ Evry, CNRS, LAMBE, Evry-Courcouronnes 91000, France.
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3
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Vos GM, Hooijschuur KC, Li Z, Fjeldsted J, Klein C, de Vries RP, Toraño JS, Boons GJ. Sialic acid O-acetylation patterns and glycosidic linkage type determination by ion mobility-mass spectrometry. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6795. [PMID: 37880209 PMCID: PMC10600165 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42575-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
O-acetylation is a common modification of sialic acids that has been implicated in a multitude of biological and disease processes. A lack of analytical methods that can determine exact structures of sialic acid variants is a hurdle to determine roles of distinct O-acetylated sialosides. Here, we describe a drift tube ion mobility-mass spectrometry approach that can elucidate exact O-acetylation patterns as well as glycosidic linkage types of sialosides isolated from complex biological samples. It is based on the use of a library of synthetic O-acetylated sialosides to establish intrinsic collision cross section (CCS) values of diagnostic fragment ions. The CCS values were used to characterize O-acetylated sialosides from mucins and N-linked glycans from biologicals as well as equine tracheal and nasal tissues. It uncovered contrasting sialic acid linkage types of acetylated and non-acetylated sialic acids and provided a rationale for sialic acid binding preferences of equine H7 influenza A viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaёl M Vos
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kevin C Hooijschuur
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Zeshi Li
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Robert P de Vries
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Javier Sastre Toraño
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Geert-Jan Boons
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center and Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
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4
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Hooijschuur K, Liu X, Grootendorst A, Pieterman I, Sastre Toraño J. In-line sample trap columns with diatomite for large-volume injection in CZE-IM-MS. Electrophoresis 2023; 44:395-402. [PMID: 36333917 PMCID: PMC10099630 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202200189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The analysis of low-abundant compounds with capillary zone electrophoresis-drift-tube ion mobility spectrometry-mass spectrometry (CZE-DTIMS-MS) is compromised due to the low injectable sample volumes in CZE and low duty cycle in DTIMS. Fritless packed in-line trap columns, using solid-phase extraction sorbent particles, have been used to increase injection volumes in CZE, but these columns are difficult to prepare and exhibit rapidly increasing back pressures. To provide smooth and complete filling of trap columns as well as to ensure higher and sustained flow rates though the columns, blends of cation and anion exchange particles with diatomite were used. The application of diatomite blends ensured the use of trap columns for at least 100 injections, with maximum injection volumes over 10 µl, which corresponds to an enrichment factor of more than 1000 over conventional injections in CZE-MS, enabling the detection of low nM concentrations of N-glycans with CZE-IMS-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Hooijschuur
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Xiufen Liu
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Grootendorst
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ines Pieterman
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Javier Sastre Toraño
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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5
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Xiong Z, Yang M, Chen X, Gong Y. Influence of Metal Coordination on the Gas-Phase Chemistry of the Positional Isomers of Fluorobenzoate Complexes. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2022; 33:2181-2190. [PMID: 36251055 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.2c00236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The fragmentation behaviors of the o-, m-, and p-fluorobenzoate complexes of La3+, Ce3+, Fe3+, Cu2+, and UO22+ were investigated by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, and the corresponding reaction mechanisms were explored by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Fluoride transfer product LaIIIFCl3-/CeIIIFCl3- and decarboxylation product LaIIICl3(C6H4F)-/CeIIICl3(C6H4F)- were observed when the carboxylate precursors LaIIICl3(C6H4FCO2)-/CeIIICl3(C6H4FCO2)- were subjected to collision-induced dissociation. The variation in product ratios, which is not obvious in the meta and para cases, qualitatively follows the increasing overall energy barrier and reaction endothermicity of the two-step CO2/C6H4 elimination mechanism, and this aligns with the increase in U-F distance in the ortho, meta, and para decarboxylation product isomers. In contrast, the mass spectra of FeIIICl3(C6H4FCO2)-/CuIICl2(C6H4FCO2)- are dominated by the reduction product FeCl3-/CuCl2- regardless of the fluorobenzoate isomer. DFT/B3LYP calculations show that the two-step CO2/C6H4F elimination pathways are comparable in energy for all three positional isomers. It is energetically more favorable to give the reduction product than the fluoride transfer product, which is opposite to the lanthanum cases. Although the decarboxylation product was observed for all three UVIO2Cl2(C6H4FCO2)- isomers, the ortho isomer behaves more similarly to LaIIICl3(C6H4FCO2)-/CeIIICl3(C6H4FCO2)- as evidenced by the formation of UVIO2FCl2-, and the appearance of UVO2Cl2- in the cases of the meta and para isomers indicates the similarity with FeIIICl3(C6H4FCO2)-/CuIICl2(C6H4FCO2)-. The shorter U-F distance in UVIO2Cl2(o-C6H4F)- causes the decrease in the fluoride transfer barrier and thus makes this process more favorable over o-C6H4F radical loss to give UVO2Cl2-.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Xiong
- Department of Radiochemistry, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Meixian Yang
- Department of Radiochemistry, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiuting Chen
- Department of Radiochemistry, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Yu Gong
- Department of Radiochemistry, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
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6
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Lageveen‐Kammeijer GSM, Kuster B, Reusch D, Wuhrer M. High sensitivity glycomics in biomedicine. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2022; 41:1014-1039. [PMID: 34494287 PMCID: PMC9788051 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Many analytical challenges in biomedicine arise from the generally high heterogeneity and complexity of glycan- and glycoconjugate-containing samples, which are often only available in minute amounts. Therefore, highly sensitive workflows and detection methods are required. In this review mass spectrometric workflows and detection methods are evaluated for glycans and glycoproteins. Furthermore, glycomic methodologies and innovations that are tailored for enzymatic treatments, chemical derivatization, purification, separation, and detection at high sensitivity are highlighted. The discussion is focused on the analysis of mammalian N-linked and GalNAc-type O-linked glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bernhard Kuster
- Chair for Proteomics and BioanalyticsTechnical University of MunichFreisingGermany
| | - Dietmar Reusch
- Pharma Technical Development EuropeRoche Diagnostics GmbHPenzbergGermany
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Leiden University Medical CenterCenter for Proteomics and MetabolomicsLeidenThe Netherlands
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7
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Oganesyan I, Hajduk J, Harrison JA, Marchand A, Czar MF, Zenobi R. Exploring Gas-Phase MS Methodologies for Structural Elucidation of Branched N-Glycan Isomers. Anal Chem 2022; 94:10531-10539. [PMID: 35833795 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c02019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Structural isomers of N-glycans that are identical in mass and atomic composition provide a great challenge to conventional mass spectrometry (MS). This study employs additional dimensions of structural elucidation including ion mobility (IM) spectroscopy coupled to hydrogen/deuterium exchange (HDX) and electron capture dissociation (ECD) to characterize three main A2 N-glycans and their conformers. A series of IM-MS experiments were able to separate the low abundance N-glycans and their linkage-based isomers (α1-3 and α1-6 for A2G1). HDX-IM-MS data indicated the presence of multiple gas-phase structures for each N-glycan including the isomers of A2G1. Identification of A2G1 isomers by their collision cross section was complicated due to the preferential collapse of sugars in the gas phase, but it was possible by further ECD fragmentation. The cyclic IM-ECD approach was capable of assigning and identifying each isomer to its IM peak. Two unique cross-ring fragments were identified for each isomer: m/z = 624.21 for α1-6 and m/z = 462.16 for α1-3. Based on these key fragments, the first IM peak, indicating a more compact conformation, was assigned to α1-3 and the second IM peak, a more extended conformer, was assigned to α1-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Oganesyan
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Joanna Hajduk
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Julian A Harrison
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Adrien Marchand
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin F Czar
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Renato Zenobi
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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8
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Martin JL, Sati GC, Malakar T, Hatt J, Zimmerman PM, Montgomery J. Glycosyl Exchange of Unactivated Glycosidic Bonds: Suppressing or Embracing Side Reactivity in Catalytic Glycosylations. J Org Chem 2022; 87:5817-5826. [PMID: 35413188 PMCID: PMC9173671 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
While developing boron-catalyzed glycosylations using glycosyl fluoride donors and trialkylsilyl ether acceptors, competing pathways involving productive glycosylation or glycosyl exchange were observed. Experimental and computational mechanistic studies suggest a novel mode of reactivity where a dioxolenium ion is a key intermediate that promotes both pathways through addition to either a silyl ether or to the acetal of an existing glycosidic linkage. Modifications in catalyst structure enable either pathway to be favored, and with this understanding, improved multicomponent iterative couplings and glycosyl exchange processes were demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua L Martin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Girish C Sati
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Tanmay Malakar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Jessica Hatt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Paul M Zimmerman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - John Montgomery
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
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9
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Yandrofski K, Mouchahoir T, De Leoz ML, Duewer D, Hudgens JW, Anderson KW, Arbogast L, Delaglio F, Brinson RG, Marino JP, Phinney K, Tarlov M, Schiel JE. Interlaboratory Studies Using the NISTmAb to Advance Biopharmaceutical Structural Analytics. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:876780. [PMID: 35601836 PMCID: PMC9117750 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.876780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Biopharmaceuticals such as monoclonal antibodies are required to be rigorously characterized using a wide range of analytical methods. Various material properties must be characterized and well controlled to assure that clinically relevant features and critical quality attributes are maintained. A thorough understanding of analytical method performance metrics, particularly emerging methods designed to address measurement gaps, is required to assure methods are appropriate for their intended use in assuring drug safety, stability, and functional activity. To this end, a series of interlaboratory studies have been conducted using NISTmAb, a biopharmaceutical-representative and publicly available monoclonal antibody test material, to report on state-of-the-art method performance, harmonize best practices, and inform on potential gaps in the analytical measurement infrastructure. Reported here is a summary of the study designs, results, and future perspectives revealed from these interlaboratory studies which focused on primary structure, post-translational modifications, and higher order structure measurements currently employed during biopharmaceutical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Yandrofski
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Rockville, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Katharina Yandrofski,
| | - Trina Mouchahoir
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Rockville, MD, United States
| | | | - David Duewer
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, United States
| | - Jeffrey W. Hudgens
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Kyle W. Anderson
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Luke Arbogast
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Frank Delaglio
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Robert G. Brinson
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - John P. Marino
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Karen Phinney
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, United States
| | - Michael Tarlov
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, United States
| | - John E. Schiel
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Rockville, MD, United States
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10
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Mastellone J, Kabir KM, Huang X, Donald WA. Separation of disaccharide epimers, anomers and connectivity isomers by high resolution differential ion mobility mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1206:339783. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.339783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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11
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Grabarics M, Lettow M, Kirschbaum C, Greis K, Manz C, Pagel K. Mass Spectrometry-Based Techniques to Elucidate the Sugar Code. Chem Rev 2022; 122:7840-7908. [PMID: 34491038 PMCID: PMC9052437 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cells encode information in the sequence of biopolymers, such as nucleic acids, proteins, and glycans. Although glycans are essential to all living organisms, surprisingly little is known about the "sugar code" and the biological roles of these molecules. The reason glycobiology lags behind its counterparts dealing with nucleic acids and proteins lies in the complexity of carbohydrate structures, which renders their analysis extremely challenging. Building blocks that may differ only in the configuration of a single stereocenter, combined with the vast possibilities to connect monosaccharide units, lead to an immense variety of isomers, which poses a formidable challenge to conventional mass spectrometry. In recent years, however, a combination of innovative ion activation methods, commercialization of ion mobility-mass spectrometry, progress in gas-phase ion spectroscopy, and advances in computational chemistry have led to a revolution in mass spectrometry-based glycan analysis. The present review focuses on the above techniques that expanded the traditional glycomics toolkit and provided spectacular insight into the structure of these fascinating biomolecules. To emphasize the specific challenges associated with them, major classes of mammalian glycans are discussed in separate sections. By doing so, we aim to put the spotlight on the most important element of glycobiology: the glycans themselves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márkó Grabarics
- Institute
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität
Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Department
of Molecular Physics, Fritz Haber Institute
of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4−6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Maike Lettow
- Institute
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität
Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Department
of Molecular Physics, Fritz Haber Institute
of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4−6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Carla Kirschbaum
- Institute
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität
Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Department
of Molecular Physics, Fritz Haber Institute
of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4−6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kim Greis
- Institute
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität
Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Department
of Molecular Physics, Fritz Haber Institute
of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4−6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Manz
- Institute
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität
Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Department
of Molecular Physics, Fritz Haber Institute
of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4−6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kevin Pagel
- Institute
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität
Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Department
of Molecular Physics, Fritz Haber Institute
of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4−6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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12
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Nalehua MR, Zaia J. Measuring change in glycoprotein structure. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2022; 74:102371. [PMID: 35452871 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2022.102371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Biosynthetic enzymes in the secretory pathway create distributions of glycans at each glycosite that elaborate the biophysical properties and biological functions of glycoproteins. Because the biosynthetic glycosylation reactions do not go to completion, each protein glycosite is heterogeneous with respect to glycosylation. This heterogeneity means that it is not sufficient to measure protein abundance in omics experiments. Rather, it is necessary to sample the distribution of glycosylation at each glycosite to quantify the changes that occur during biological processes. On the one hand, the use of data-dependent acquisition methods to sample glycopeptides is limited by the instrument duty cycle and the missing value problem. On the other, stepped window data-independent acquisition samples all precursors, but ion abundances are limited by duty cycle. Therefore, the ability to quantify accurately the flux in glycoprotein glycosylation that occurs during biological processes requires the exploitation of emerging mass spectrometry technologies capable of deep, comprehensive sampling and selective high confidence assignment of the complex glycopeptide mixtures. This review summarizes recent technical advances and mass spectral glycoproteomics analysis strategies and how these developments impact our ability to quantify the changes in glycosylation that occur during biological processes. We highlight specific improvements to glycopeptide characterization through activated electron dissociation, ion mobility trends and instrumentation, and efficient algorithmic approaches for glycopeptide assignment. We also discuss the emerging need for unified standards to enable interlaboratory collaborations and effective monitoring of structural changes in glycoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joseph Zaia
- Dept. of Biochemistry, Boston University, United States.
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Donohoo KB, Wang J, Goli M, Yu A, Peng W, Hakim MA, Mechref Y. Advances in mass spectrometry-based glycomics-An update covering the period 2017-2021. Electrophoresis 2021; 43:119-142. [PMID: 34505713 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202100199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The wide variety of chemical properties and biological functions found in proteins is attained via post-translational modifications like glycosylation. Covalently bonded to proteins, glycans play a critical role in cell activity. Complex structures with microheterogeneity, the glycan structures that are associated with proteins are difficult to analyze comprehensively. Recent advances in sample preparation methods, separation techniques, and MS have facilitated the quantitation and structural elucidation of glycans. This review focuses on highlighting advances in MS-based techniques for glycomic analysis that occurred over the last 5 years (2017-2021) as an update to the previous review on the subject. The topics of discussion will include progress in glycomic workflow such as glycan release, purification, derivatization, and separation as well as the topics of ionization, tandem MS, and separation techniques that can be coupled with MS. Additionally, bioinformatics tools used for the analysis of glycans will be described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn B Donohoo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas
| | - Junyao Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas
| | - Mona Goli
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas
| | - Aiying Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas
| | - Wenjing Peng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas
| | - Md Abdul Hakim
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas
| | - Yehia Mechref
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas
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