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Zhan X, Nie Z, Li N, Zhou A, Lv H, Liang M, Wu K, Cheng GJ, Yin Q. Catalytic Asymmetric Cascade Dearomatization of Indoles via a Photoinduced Pd-Catalyzed 1,2-Bisfunctionalization of Butadienes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202404388. [PMID: 38641988 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202404388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Photoinduced Pd-catalyzed bisfunctionalization of butadienes with a readily available organic halide and a nucleophile represents an emerging and attractive method to assemble versatile alkenes bearing various functional groups at the allylic position. However, enantiocontrol and/or diastereocontrol in the C-C or C-X bond-formation step have not been solved due to the open-shell process. Herein, we present a cascade asymmetric dearomatization reaction of indoles via photoexcited Pd-catalyzed 1,2-biscarbonfunctionalization of 1,3-butadienes, wherein asymmetric control on both the nucleophile and electrophile part is achieved for the first time in photoinduced bisfunctionalization of butadienes. This method delivers structurally novel chiral spiroindolenines bearing two contiguous stereogenic centers with high diastereomeric ratios (up to >20 : 1 dr) and good to excellent enantiomeric ratios (up to 97 : 3 er). Experimental and computational studies of the mechanism have confirmed a radical pathway involving excited-state palladium catalysis. The alignment and non-covalent interactions between the substrate and the catalyst were found to be essential for stereocontrol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohang Zhan
- Shenzhen University of Advanced Technology, and Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 518055, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Zhiwen Nie
- Shenzhen University of Advanced Technology, and Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 518055, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Na Li
- Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 518172, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Ao Zhou
- Shenzhen University of Advanced Technology, and Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 518055, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Haotian Lv
- Shenzhen University of Advanced Technology, and Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 518055, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Mingrong Liang
- Shenzhen University of Advanced Technology, and Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 518055, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Keqin Wu
- Shenzhen University of Advanced Technology, and Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 518055, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Gui-Juan Cheng
- Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 518172, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Qin Yin
- Shenzhen University of Advanced Technology, and Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 518055, Shenzhen, P. R. China
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2
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Du YJ, Sheng XX, Tang LN, Chen JM, Liu GY, Hu H, Yang S, Zhu L, Chen M. Accessing Benzoazepine Derivatives via Photoinduced Radical Relay Formal [5 + 2] Reaction of Amide/Alkyne Enabled by Palladium Catalysis. Org Lett 2024; 26:2662-2667. [PMID: 38530133 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
A novel class of alkyne-tethered amides facilitates an unprecedented photoinduced palladium-catalyzed radical relay formal [5 + 2] reaction. This innovative strategy allows for the rapid construction of diverse fused benzoazepine structures, yielding structurally novel and compelling compounds. With a broad substrate scope and excellent functional group tolerance, the methodology synthesizes biologically active compounds. Notably, the resulting tricyclic benzo[b]azepines offer diversification opportunities through simple transformations. DFT calculations elucidate a seven-membered ring closure mechanism involving the alkenyl radical and Pd(I) rebound alongside a concerted metalation-deprotonation (CMD) process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jia Du
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, 21 Gehu Road, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Xia-Xin Sheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, 21 Gehu Road, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Lu-Ning Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, 21 Gehu Road, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Jia-Ming Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, 21 Gehu Road, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Guo-Ying Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, 21 Gehu Road, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Hao Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, 21 Gehu Road, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Sen Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, 21 Gehu Road, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, No. 30 Gaotanyan Street, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, 21 Gehu Road, Changzhou 213164, China
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3
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Sarkar S, Cheung KPS, Gevorgyan V. Recent Advances in Visible Light Induced Palladium Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202311972. [PMID: 37957126 PMCID: PMC10922525 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202311972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Visible light-induced Pd catalysis has emerged as a promising subfield of photocatalysis. The hybrid nature of Pd radical species has enabled a wide array of radical-based transformations otherwise challenging or unknown via conventional Pd chemistry. In parallel to the ongoing pursuit of alternative, readily available radical precursors, notable discoveries have demonstrated that photoexcitation can alter not only oxidative addition but also other elementary steps. This Minireview highlights the recent progress in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumon Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080 (USA)
| | - Kelvin Pak Shing Cheung
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080 (USA)
| | - Vladimir Gevorgyan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080 (USA)
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4
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Mohar M, Ghosh S, Hajra A. Visible Light Induced Three-Component 1,2-Dicarbofunctionalization of Alkenes and Alkynes. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202300121. [PMID: 37309268 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Harnessing visible-light in organic synthesis is one of the most effective methods that aligns with green and sustainable chemistry principles and hence skyrocketed in the last two decades. Similarly, three-component 1,2-dicarbofunctionalization of alkenes and alkynes has recently been a great choice to construct complex molecular systems in an easy and rapid manner. Therefore, light-induced reactions can be an excellent alternative to carry out 1,2-dicarbofunctionalization reactions, and very recently, organic chemists across the globe have fascinated us with their interesting articles. In this present review, we have summarized the recent advancements in the area of visible light induced three-component 1,2-dicarbofunctionalization of alkenes and alkynes till March 2023. We have categorized the discussion based on the catalysts used to carry out the transformations for better understanding and different important aspects of these transformations have also been covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrittika Mohar
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati (A Central University), Santiniketan, 731235, India
| | - Sumit Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati (A Central University), Santiniketan, 731235, India
| | - Alakananda Hajra
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati (A Central University), Santiniketan, 731235, India
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5
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Dong DQ, Tian BL, Yang H, Wei ZH, Yang SH, Zhou MY, Ding CZ, Wang YL, Gao JH, Wang SJ, Yang WC, Liu BT, Wang ZL. Visible light induced palladium-catalyzed reactions involving halogenated hydrocarbon (RX). MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2023.113073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
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6
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Yang S, Fan H, Xie L, Dong G, Chen M. Photoinduced Desaturation of Amides by Palladium Catalysis. Org Lett 2022; 24:6460-6465. [PMID: 36040045 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A photoinduced palladium-catalyzed desaturation method that is suitable for converting the linear amides to their α,β-unsaturated counterparts is reported. The reaction does not require strong base/acid or sulfur/selenium and oxidant reagents and can be carried out at room temperature through a simple one-step operation. The protocol exhibits great scalability and functional group tolerance. The reaction mechanism has been investigated through deuterium labeling experiments, radical clock, radical capture, and kinetic studies. Mechanistic studies suggested a radical pathway involving aryl/alkyl Pd-radical intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Huike Fan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Licheng Xie
- Huaide College, Changzhou University, Jingjiang 214513, China
| | - Guangbin Dong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Ming Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
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7
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Pei C, Yang Z, Koenigs RM. Photochemical palladium-catalyzed methylation and alkylation reactions in cascade reactions of isonitriles. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.132939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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8
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Cationic-palladium catalyzed regio- and stereoselective syn-1,2-dicarbofunctionalization of unsymmetrical internal alkynes. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1360. [PMID: 35296641 PMCID: PMC8927424 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28949-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
π-Extended tetrasubstituted olefins are widely found motifs in natural products, leading drugs, and agrochemicals. Thus, development of modular strategies for the synthesis of complex all-carbon-substituted olefins always draws attention. The difunctionalization of unsymmetrical alkynes is an attractive approach but it has remained faced with regioselectivity issues. Here we report the discovery of a regio- and stereoselective syn-1,2-dicarbofunctionalization of unsymmetrical internal alkynes. A cationic Pd-catalyzed three-component coupling of aryl diazonium salts, aryl boronic acids (or olefins) and yne-acetates enables access to all-carbon substituted unsymmetrical olefins. The transformation features broad scope with labile functional group tolerance, building broad chemical space of structural diversity (94 molecules). The value of this synthetic method is demonstrated by the direct transformation of natural products and drug candidates containing yne-acetates, to enable highly substituted structurally complex allyl acetate analogues of biologically important compounds. Synthetic versatility of the carboxylate bearing highly substituted olefins is also presented. The reaction outcome is attributed to the in situ formation of stabilized cationic aryl-Pd species, which regulates regioselective aryl-palladation of unsymmetrical yne-acetates. Control experiments reveal the synergy between the carboxylate protecting group and the cationic Pd-intermediate in the regioselectivity and reaction productivity; density functional theory (DFT) studies rationalize the selectivity of the reaction.
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9
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Yao W, Zhao G, Wu Y, Zhou L, Mukherjee U, Liu P, Ngai MY. Excited-State Palladium-Catalyzed Radical Migratory Mizoroki-Heck Reaction Enables C2-Alkenylation of Carbohydrates. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:3353-3359. [PMID: 35188768 PMCID: PMC8970705 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c13299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Excited-state palladium catalysis has emerged as a promising strategy for developing novel and valuable reactions. Herein, we report the first excited-state Pd-catalyzed 1,2-radical migratory Mizoroki-Heck reaction that enables C2-alkenylation of carbohydrates using readily available 1-bromosugars and alkenes. The reaction tolerates a wide variety of functional groups and complex molecular architectures, including derivatives of natural products and marketed drugs. Preliminary mechanistic studies and DFT calculations suggest the involvement of visible-light-induced photoexcitation of Pd species, 1,2-spin-centered-shift (SCS) process, and Heck-type cross-coupling reaction. The reaction expands the reactivity profile of excited-state Pd catalysis and provides a streamlined protocol for the preparation of a wide variety of C2-alkenylated carbohydrate mimetics to aid the discovery and development of new therapeutics, agrochemicals, and materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Yao
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York, 11794, United States
| | - Gaoyuan Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York, 11794, United States
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Lin Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Upasana Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York, 11794, United States
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States;,Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Ming-Yu Ngai
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York, 11794, United States;,Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
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10
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Yang G, Xiong Z, Nie H, He M, Feng Q, Li X, Huang H, Wang S, Ji F, Jiang G. Copper-Catalyzed Divergent C–H Functionalization Reaction of Quinoxalin-2(1 H)-ones and Alkynes Controlled by N1-Substituents for the Synthesis of ( Z)-Enaminones and Furo[2,3- b]quinoxalines. Org Lett 2022; 24:1859-1864. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guang Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Function Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhicheng Xiong
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Function Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongsheng Nie
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Function Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meiqin He
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Function Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiong Feng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Function Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuan Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Function Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huabin Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Function Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shoucai Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Function Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fanghua Ji
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Function Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guangbin Jiang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Function Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, People’s Republic of China
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11
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Oku N, Murakami M, Miura T. Photoassisted Cross-Coupling Reaction of α-Chlorocarbonyl Compounds with Arylboronic Acids. Org Lett 2022; 24:1616-1619. [PMID: 35191697 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction of α-chloroacetates or α-chloroacetamides with arylboronic acids is made possible by visible-light irradiation. This reaction provides a useful method for the synthesis of α-arylacetates and α-arylacetamides from chlorides under mild reaction conditions. An indole-3-acetic acid derivative that is the key intermediate of the plant hormone auxin can be synthesized from 1-Boc-indole in two steps by combining an iridium-catalyzed C-H borylation and a palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Oku
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Masahiro Murakami
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Tomoya Miura
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Okayama University, Tsushimanaka, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
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12
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Abstract
In recent years, visible light-induced transition metal catalysis has emerged as a new paradigm in organic photocatalysis, which has led to the discovery of unprecedented transformations as well as the improvement of known reactions. In this subfield of photocatalysis, a transition metal complex serves a double duty by harvesting photon energy and then enabling bond forming/breaking events mostly via a single catalytic cycle, thus contrasting the established dual photocatalysis in which an exogenous photosensitizer is employed. In addition, this approach often synergistically combines catalyst-substrate interaction with photoinduced process, a feature that is uncommon in conventional photoredox chemistry. This Review describes the early development and recent advances of this emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelvin Pak Shing Cheung
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Sumon Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Vladimir Gevorgyan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
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13
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Kancherla R, Muralirajan K, Rueping M. Excited-state palladium-catalysed reductive alkylation of imines: scope and mechanism. Chem Sci 2022; 13:8583-8589. [PMID: 35974758 PMCID: PMC9337745 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc02363f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Palladium catalysis induced by visible-light irradiation is a promising tool for promoting unusual chemical reactivity. Here, the hybrid alkyl radical/Pd(i) species generated is used to promote the reductive alkylation of imines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kancherla
- KAUST Catalysis Center, KCC, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, KAUST, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Krishnamoorthy Muralirajan
- KAUST Catalysis Center, KCC, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, KAUST, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Magnus Rueping
- KAUST Catalysis Center, KCC, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, KAUST, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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14
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Renzi P, Azzi E, Bessone E, Ghigo G, Parisotto S, Pellegrino F, Deagostino A. Blue light enhanced Heck arylation at room temperature applied to allenes. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01631h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A blue light enhanced synthesis of 2-vinyl pirrolidines and piperidines through a domino Heck arylation–cyclisation applied to allenyl amines is described. Essential is the role of the light in the aryl migration in the carbo-palladation step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polyssena Renzi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria, 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Emanuele Azzi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria, 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Enrico Bessone
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria, 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Giovanni Ghigo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria, 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Stefano Parisotto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria, 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Francesco Pellegrino
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria, 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Annamaria Deagostino
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria, 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
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15
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Muralirajan K, Kancherla R, Gimnkhan A, Rueping M. Unactivated Alkyl Chloride Reactivity in Excited-State Palladium Catalysis. Org Lett 2021; 23:6905-6910. [PMID: 34432470 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Excited-state palladium catalysis is an efficient process for the alkylation of diverse organic compounds via the generation of alkyl radicals from alkyl bromides and iodides. However, the generation of alkyl radicals from more stable alkyl chlorides remains challenging. Herein, we demonstrate the excited-state palladium-catalyzed synthesis of oxindoles and isoquinolinediones via alkylation/annulation reaction by overcoming inherent limitations associated with unactivated C(sp3)-Cl bond activation at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnamoorthy Muralirajan
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rajesh Kancherla
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aidana Gimnkhan
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Magnus Rueping
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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16
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Ghosh S, Chakrabortty R, Ganesh V. Dual Functionalization of Alkynes Utilizing the Redox Characteristics of Transition Metal Catalysts. ChemCatChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202100838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sudipta Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur 721302 West Bengal India
| | - Rajesh Chakrabortty
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur 721302 West Bengal India
| | - Venkataraman Ganesh
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur 721302 West Bengal India
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17
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Yang Z, Koenigs RM. Photoinduced Palladium-Catalyzed Dicarbofunctionalization of Terminal Alkynes. Chemistry 2021; 27:3694-3699. [PMID: 33427348 PMCID: PMC7986663 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202005391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a conceptually distinct approach was developed that allowed for the dicarbofunctionalization of alkynes at room temperature using simple, bench-stable alkyl iodides and a second molecule of alkyne as coupling partner. Specifically, the photochemical activation of palladium complexes enabled this strategic dicarbofunctionalization via addition of alkyl radicals from secondary and tertiary alkyl iodides and formation of an intermediate palladium vinyl complex that could undergo subsequent Sonogashira reaction with a second alkyne molecule. This alkylation-alkynylation sequence allowed the one-step synthesis of 1,3-enynes including heteroarenes and biologically active compounds with high efficiency without exogenous photosensitizers or oxidants and now opens up pathways towards cascade reactions via photochemical palladium catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yang
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Rene M. Koenigs
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
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