1
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Xiang Q, Ye L, Ma L, Sun Z. The Olympicenyl Radical and Its Derivatives. Chempluschem 2024; 89:e202300571. [PMID: 37916655 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
The olympicenyl radical (OR) has long been a fascinating spin doublet hydrocarbon radical that evoked theoretical and experimental research interests, but the chemistry of olympicenyl was limited by its inherent instability. Recently, this field was revived by the advent of stable, multi-substituted ORs and the isolation of them in the crystalline phase. In this minireview, we summarize the early studies on the pristine OR, as well as the recent advances on the substituted OR derivatives, heteroatom-containing OR derivatives, and OR-based diradicals and polyradicals. The synthetic chemistry, stabilization strategies, self-association behaviors, reactivities, and applications in the biological field of the abovementioned compounds were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Xiang
- Department of Chemistry and Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin university, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Lei Ye
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Lan Ma
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zhe Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin university, Tianjin, 300072, China
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2
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Hu J, Xiang Q, Tian X, Ye L, Wang Y, Ni Y, Chen X, Liu Y, Chen G, Sun Z. S-Shaped Helical Singlet Diradicaloid and Its Transformation to Circumchrysene via a Two-Stage Cyclization. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:10321-10330. [PMID: 38567901 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c11585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
Polycyclic hydrocarbons with diradical and polyradical characters usually display unique reactivities in ring-cyclization reactions. However, such reactions are rarely used to construct π-extended polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Here, we describe the synthesis of an S-shaped doubly helical singlet diradicaloid compound and its facile transformation into an unprecedented circumchrysene via a two-stage ring cyclization, which includes: (1) an eletrocylization from diradicaloid precursor and (2) a Scholl reaction. The reaction mechanism was investigated through in situ spectroscopic studies, assisted by theoretical calculations. This reaction sequence yields an optically resolved π-extended [5]helicene derivative with a fluorescence quantum yield up to 85% and a circularly polarized luminescence brightness up to 6.05 M-1 cm-1 in the far-red to near-infrared regions. This sequence also yielded a highly delocalized circumchrysene molecule, exhibiting large electron delocalization, moderate fluorescence quantum yield, and multistage redox properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlian Hu
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Qin Xiang
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xiaoqi Tian
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Lei Ye
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yanpei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Yong Ni
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Xing Chen
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yuxia Liu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Guang Chen
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Zhe Sun
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
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3
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Wang C, Lin J, Huang H, Ye C, Bao H. Regio- and Diastereoselective Radical Dimerization Reactions for the Construction of Benzo[ f]isoindole Dimers. Org Lett 2024; 26:2580-2584. [PMID: 38526484 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
This study presents a novel approach for synthesizing benzo[f]isoindole dimers, which involves cascade cyclization and oxidative radical dimerization. Our method allows for the formation of up to five carbon-carbon bonds in a single reaction, exhibiting remarkable diastereoselectivity and regioselectivity. The mechanism and regioselectivity were investigated through a combination of experiments and calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanchuan Wang
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P. R. of China
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao Road West, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. of China
- Fujian College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao Road West, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. of China
| | - Jingyi Lin
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P. R. of China
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao Road West, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. of China
- Fujian College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao Road West, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. of China
| | - Haiyang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao Road West, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. of China
| | - Changqing Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao Road West, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. of China
| | - Hongli Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao Road West, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. of China
- Fujian College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao Road West, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. of China
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4
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Inoue T, Matsuura Y, Horii K, Konishi A, Nishida JI, Yasuda M, Kawase T. N-2,6-Di(isopropyl)phenyl-2-azaphenalenyl radical cations. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:1735-1738. [PMID: 38240365 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc05968e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
N-2,6-Di(isopropyl)phenyl-2-azaphenalenyl radical cations were obtained as a dark brown air-sensitive crystalline compound. The high HOMA values and the ACID calculation indicate relatively high aromatic character of a 5,8-di-tert-butyl derivative, and clean generation of a derivative without tert-butyl groups indicates that the di(isopropyl)phenyl group is sufficient for hampering the formation of the σ-dimer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeru Inoue
- Graduate School of Engineering, University of Hyogo, Himeji, Hyogo 671-2280, Japan.
| | - Yuuka Matsuura
- Graduate School of Engineering, University of Hyogo, Himeji, Hyogo 671-2280, Japan.
| | - Koki Horii
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Akihito Konishi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
- Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Nishida
- Graduate School of Engineering, University of Hyogo, Himeji, Hyogo 671-2280, Japan.
| | - Makoto Yasuda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
- Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kawase
- Graduate School of Engineering, University of Hyogo, Himeji, Hyogo 671-2280, Japan.
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5
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Gao Y, Liu Z, Li T, Zhao W. Mixed-Valence BN-Doped Corannulene Trimer Radical Cations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202314006. [PMID: 37847644 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202314006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Mixed-valence (MV) dimers have been extensively investigated, however, the structure and properties of purely organic MV trimers based on open-shell polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons remain elusive. Herein, unprecedented MV BN-doped corannulene radical cations [BN-Cor1]3 ⋅⋅2+ ⋅ 2[BArylF 4 ]- and [BN-Cor2]3 ⋅⋅2+ ⋅ 2[BArylF 4 ]- were synthesized via chemical oxidation, and their structures were unambiguously confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. These uncommon radical cations consist of three corannulene cores and two [BArylF 4 ]- anions, and three corannulene motifs [BN-Cor1]3 ⋅⋅2+ and [BN-Cor2]3 ⋅⋅2+ in the unit cell exhibit a trimer structure with a slipped π-stacking configuration. Detailed structural analyses further revealed that the corannulene cores exhibit an infinite layered self-assembly configuration, allowing their potential applications as building blocks for molecular conductors. The detection of a forbidden transition (Δms =±2) by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy further confirmed the existence of two unpaired electrons in the π-trimers and the MV characteristic of these two species. Variable-temperature EPR and conductivity measurements suggested that the BN-doped π-trimers exhibited antiferromagnetic coupling and conductivity properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yapei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Zheming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Tao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Wanxiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
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6
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Lai W, Bu Y, Xiao W, Liu H, Guo J, Zhao L, Yang K, Xie S, Zeng Z. Magnetic Bistability in an Organic Radical-Based Charge Transfer Cocrystal. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:24328-24337. [PMID: 37878504 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c09226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
We report herein an organic charge transfer cocrystal complex, consisting of a stable radical TPVr and an electron acceptor TCNQF4, as a rare sort of all-organic-based magnetic bistable materials with a thermally activated magnetic hysteresis loop over the temperature range from 170 to 260 K. Detailed X-ray crystallographic studies and theoretical calculations revealed that while a π-associated radical anion dimer was formed upon an integer charge transfer process from TPVr to the TCNQF4 molecules within the cocrystal lattice, the resulting TCNQF4·- π-dimers were found to exhibit varied intradimer π-stacking distances and singly occupied molecular orbital overlaps at different temperatures, thus yielding two different singlet states with distinct singlet-triplet gaps above and below the loop, which eventually contributed to the thermally excited molecular magnetic bistability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiming Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Hunan University, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Yanru Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Hunan University, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Wang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Hunan University, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Haohao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Hunan University, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Jing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Hunan University, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Longfeng Zhao
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Kun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Hunan University, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Sheng Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Hunan University, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Zebing Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Hunan University, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518000, China
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7
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Ye L, Jiang S, Hu J, Wang M, Weng T, Wu F, Cai L, Sun Z, Ma L. Induction of Metabolic Reprogramming in Kidney by Singlet Diradical Nanoparticles. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2301338. [PMID: 37295411 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202301338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic compounds with an open-shell singlet diradical ground state, namely singlet diradicals, have recently gained attention in the fields of organic electronics, photovoltaics, and spintronics owing to their unique electronic structures and properties. Notably, singlet diradicals exhibit tunable redox amphoterism, which makes them excellent redox-active materials for biomedical applications. However, the safety and therapeutic efficacy of singlet diradicals in biological systems have not yet been explored. Herein, the study presents a newly designed singlet diradical nanomaterial, diphenyl-substituted biolympicenylidene (BO-Ph), exhibiting low cytotoxicity in vitro, non-significant acute nephrotoxicity in vivo, and the ability to induce metabolic reprogramming in kidney organoids. Integrated transcriptome and metabolome analyses reveal that the metabolism of BO-Ph stimulates glutathione (GSH) synthesis and fatty acid degradation, increases the levels of intermediates in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) and carnitine cycles, and eventually boosts oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) under redox homeostasis. Benefits of BO-Ph-induce metabolic reprogramming in kidney organoids include enhancing cellular antioxidant capacity and promoting mitochondrial function. The results of this study can facilitate the application of singlet diradical materials in the treatment of clinical conditions induced by mitochondrial abnormalities in kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ye
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Shengwei Jiang
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jinlian Hu
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry and Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Mingzhe Wang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Taoyu Weng
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry and Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Feng Wu
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Liangyu Cai
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zhe Sun
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry and Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Lan Ma
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Institute of Biomedical Health Technology and Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518132, China
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8
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Guo Y, Wu X, Hou B, Xiang Q, Ni Y, Li J, Sun Z. Synthesis and Characterization of a Persistent Benzoanthracenyl Radical Derivative. Chem Res Chin Univ 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-023-2360-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
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9
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Hou B, Li K, He H, Hu J, Xu Z, Xiang Q, Wang P, Chen X, Sun Z. Stable Crystalline Nanohoop Radical and Its Self-Association Promoted by van der Waals Interactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202301046. [PMID: 36754831 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202301046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
A stable nanohoop radical (OR3) combining the structures of cycloparaphenylene and an olympicenyl radical is synthesized and isolated in the crystalline state. X-ray crystallographic analysis reveals that OR3 forms a unique head-to-tail dimer that further aggregates into a one-dimensional chain in the solid state. Variable-temperature NMR and concentration-dependent absorption measurements indicate that the π-dimer is not formed in solution. An energy decomposition analysis indicates that van der Waals interactions are the driving force for the self-association process, in contrast with other olympicenyl derivatives that favor π-dimerization. The physical properties in solution phase have been studied, and the stable cationic species obtained by one-electron chemical oxidation. This study offers a new molecular design to modulate the self-association of organic radicals for overcoming the spin-Peierls transition, and to prepare novel nanohoop compounds with spin-related properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingxia Hou
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry and Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin university, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Ke Li
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry and Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin university, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Huijie He
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry and Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin university, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Jinlian Hu
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry and Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin university, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Zhuofan Xu
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry and Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin university, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Qin Xiang
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry and Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin university, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry and Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin university, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xing Chen
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry and Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin university, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Zhe Sun
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry and Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin university, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
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10
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Zong C, Yang S, Sun Y, Zhang L, Hu J, Hu W, Li R, Sun Z. Isomeric dibenzooctazethrene diradicals for high-performance air-stable organic field-effect transistors. Chem Sci 2022; 13:11442-11447. [PMID: 36320574 PMCID: PMC9533412 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc03667c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Realizing both high-performance and air-stability is key to advancing singlet-diradical-based semiconductors to practical applications and realizing their material potential associated with their open-shell nature. Here a concise synthetic route toward two stable dibenzooctazethrene isomers, DBOZ1 and DBOZ2, was demonstrated. In the crystalline phase, DBOZ2 exhibits two-dimensional brick wall packing with a high degree of intermolecular electronic coupling, leading to a record-breaking hole mobility of 3.5 cm2 V-1 s-1 for singlet diradical transistors, while retaining good device stability in the ambient air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyang Zong
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry, Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin University 92 Weijin Road Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Shuyuan Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University 92 Weijin Road Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Yajing Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University 92 Weijin Road Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Lifeng Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry, Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin University 92 Weijin Road Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Jinlian Hu
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry, Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin University 92 Weijin Road Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University 92 Weijin Road Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Rongjin Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University 92 Weijin Road Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Zhe Sun
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry, Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin University 92 Weijin Road Tianjin 300072 China
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11
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Gong Z, Xiang Q, Li K, Xu Z, Hu J, Ni Y, Sato S, Sun Z. Pentagon‐Containing
Doublet Graphene Fragments with
Edge‐Dependent
Spin/Charge Distribution. CHINESE J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202200344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zongcheng Gong
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry Tianjin university 92 Weijin Road Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Qin Xiang
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry Tianjin university 92 Weijin Road Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Ke Li
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry Tianjin university 92 Weijin Road Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Zhuofan Xu
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry Tianjin university 92 Weijin Road Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Jinlian Hu
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry Tianjin university 92 Weijin Road Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Yong Ni
- Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Sota Sato
- Department of Applied Chemistry Integrated Molecular Structure Analysis Laboratory, Social Cooperation Program, The University of Tokyo
| | - Zhe Sun
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry Tianjin university 92 Weijin Road Tianjin 300072 China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations Tianjin 300192 China
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12
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Xiang Q, Sun Z. Doublet Open-Shell Graphene Fragments. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200251. [PMID: 35438845 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The recent advances on neutral delocalized radical species based on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with fused hexagonal rings, herein defined as doublet open-shell graphene fragments, are summarized in this review. A few simple yet useful theoretical approaches for structural analysis and molecular design were introduced at first. Then, based on the number of fused hexagonal rings, molecular systems with different size, symmetry and edge structure were discussed with emphasis on those isolated in the crystalline form. Their unique self-association behavior, chemical reactivity and physical properties were summarized and discussed, and insights on their functions and potential applications were provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Xiang
- Tianjin University, Institute of Molecular Plus, CHINA
| | - Zhe Sun
- Tianjin University, Institute of molecular plus, No. 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, 300072, Tianjin, CHINA
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13
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Guo Y, Ding S, Zhang N, Xu Z, Wu S, Hu J, Xiang Q, Li ZY, Chen X, Sato S, Wu J, Sun Z. π-Extended Doublet Open-Shell Graphene Fragments Exhibiting One-Dimensional Chain Stacking. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:2095-2100. [PMID: 35099946 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c12854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The hitherto elusive benzo[c]anthanthrenyl radical derivatives composed of seven fused six-membered rings are synthesized and isolated in the crystalline form, representing a laterally π-extended doublet open-shell graphene fragment compared to the phenalenyl and olympicenyl radical structures. X-ray crystallographic analysis revealed one-dimensional chain stacking with relatively close intermolecular contacts, which is an important precondition for achieving single-component conductors. The magnetic, optical, and redox properties are investigated in the solution phase. In combination with the good stability, such open-shell molecular systems have potentials as functional electronic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yupeng Guo
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Shuaishuai Ding
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zhuofan Xu
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Shaofei Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543
| | - Jinlian Hu
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Qin Xiang
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zhao-Yang Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Haihe Educational Park, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xing Chen
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Sota Sato
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Integrated Molecular Structure Analysis Laboratory, Social Cooperation Program, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543
| | - Zhe Sun
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
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14
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Zhang R, Ellern A, Winter AH. Steric Hindrance Favors σ Dimerization over π Dimerization for Julolidine Dicyanomethyl Radicals. J Org Chem 2022; 87:1507-1511. [PMID: 34985897 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Metastable radicals exist in a steady-state equilibrium in solution with dimers, which can be either σ dimers or π dimers. Here, we show that steric hindrance at the para position causes julolidine-derived dicyanomethyl radicals to form σ dimers rather than π dimers, the opposite behavior as seen in other carbon-centered radicals, where steric hindrance typically favors pimerization. The change in dimerization mode can be attributed to weaker London dispersion forces and a decreased orbital overlap in the sterically hindered dicyanomethyl radical π dimers, while the bulky groups exert relatively little effect on the energy of the σ dimer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, 1651 Gilman Hall, Ames, Iowa 50010, United States
| | - Arkady Ellern
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, 1651 Gilman Hall, Ames, Iowa 50010, United States
| | - Arthur H Winter
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, 1651 Gilman Hall, Ames, Iowa 50010, United States
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15
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Wang J, Ruan H, Hu Z, Wang W, Zhao Y, Wang X. Indeno[2,1-a]fluorene-11,12-dione radical anions:synthesis,characterization and property. Chemistry 2021; 28:e202103897. [PMID: 34928531 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The one-electron reduction reactions of indeno[2,1-a]fluorene-11,12-dione ( IF ) with various alkali metals bring about the radical anion salts. The different structures and properties are characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) measurements and physical property measurement system (PPMS). IF •- K + (18-c-6) is regarded as a one-dimensional magnetic chain through C-H-C interaction. Theoretical calculations and magnetic results prove that [ IF •- K + (15-c-5)] 2 is a dimer with an open-shell ground state. IF •- Na + (15-c-5) and IF •- K + (cryptand) are monoradical anion salts. IF 2 •- Li + possesses unique π-stack structure with an interplanar separation less than 3.46 Å, making it a semiconductor ( δ RT = 1.9 Χ 10 -4 S•cm -1 ). This work gives a wealth of insights into multifunctional radical anions, and makes the design and development of different functional radicals attractive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Nanjing University, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, CHINA
| | - Huapeng Ruan
- Nanjing University, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, CHINA
| | - Zhaobo Hu
- JiangXi University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Materials metallurgy and Chemistry, CHINA
| | - Wenqing Wang
- Anhui Normal University, college of chemistry and material science, CHINA
| | - Yue Zhao
- Nanjing University, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, CHINA
| | - Xinping Wang
- Nanjing University, Chemistry, Xianlin Ave 163, 210023, Nanjing, CHINA
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