1
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Boecker M, Lander S, Müller R, Gaus AL, Neumann C, Moser J, Micheel M, Turchanin A, Delius MV, Synatschke CV, Leopold K, Wächtler M, Weil T. Screening Cobalt-based Catalysts on Multicomponent CdSe@CdS Nanorods for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution in Aqueous Media. ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS 2024; 7:14146-14153. [PMID: 38962509 PMCID: PMC11217917 DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.4c01645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
We present CdSe@CdS nanorods coated with a redox-active polydopamine (PDA) layer functionalized with cobaloxime-derived photocatalysts for efficient solar-driven hydrogen evolution in aqueous environments. The PDA-coating provides reactive groups for the functionalization of the nanorods with different molecular catalysts, facilitates charge separation and transfer of electrons from the excited photosensitizer to the catalyst, and reduces photo-oxidation of the photosensitizer. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirms the successful functionalization of the nanorods with cobalt-based catalysts, whereas the catalyst loading per nanorod is quantified by total reflection X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (TXRF). A systematic comparison of different types of cobalt-based catalysts was carried out, and their respective performance was analyzed in terms of the number of nanorods and the amount of catalyst in each sample [turnover number, (TON)]. This study shows that the performance of these multicomponent photocatalysts depends strongly on the catalyst loading and less on the specific structure of the molecular catalyst. Lower catalyst loading is advantageous for increasing the TON because the catalysts compete for a limited number of charge carriers at the nanoparticle surface. Therefore, increasing the catalyst loading relative to the absolute amount of hydrogen produced does not lead to a steady increase in the photocatalytic activity. In our work, we provide insights into how the performance of a multicomponent photocatalytic system is determined by the intricate interplay of its components. We identify the stable attachment of the catalyst and the ratio between the catalyst and photosensitizer as critical parameters that must be fine-tuned for optimal performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Boecker
- Department
for Synthesis of Macromolecules, Max Planck
Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Sarah Lander
- Department
of Chemistry and State Research Center OPTIMAS, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Kaiserslautern 67663, Germany
| | - Riccarda Müller
- Institute
of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, University Ulm, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Anna-Laurine Gaus
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry I, University Ulm, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Christof Neumann
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena 07743, Germany
| | - Julia Moser
- Department
for Synthesis of Macromolecules, Max Planck
Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Mathias Micheel
- Department
of Chemistry and State Research Center OPTIMAS, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Kaiserslautern 67663, Germany
| | - Andrey Turchanin
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena 07743, Germany
- Abbe Center
of Photonics (ACP), Jena 07745, Germany
| | - Max von Delius
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry I, University Ulm, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Christopher V. Synatschke
- Department
for Synthesis of Macromolecules, Max Planck
Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Kerstin Leopold
- Institute
of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, University Ulm, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Maria Wächtler
- Department
of Chemistry and State Research Center OPTIMAS, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Kaiserslautern 67663, Germany
| | - Tanja Weil
- Department
for Synthesis of Macromolecules, Max Planck
Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz 55128, Germany
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2
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Klingler S, Hlavatsch M, Bagemihl B, Mengele AK, Gaus AL, von Delius M, Rau S, Mizaikoff B. An Algebraic Blueprint for Predicting Turnover Numbers and Endpoints in Photocatalysis. Chemphyschem 2024; 25:e202300767. [PMID: 38084394 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202300767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Photocatalysis is a contemporary research field given that the world's fossil energy resources including coal, mineral oil and natural gas are finite. The vast variety of photocatalytic systems demands for standardized protocols facilitating an objective comparison. While there are commonly accepted performance indicators such as the turnover number (TON) that are usually reported, to date there is no unified concept for the determination of TONs and the endpoint of the reaction during continuous measurements. Herein, we propose an algebraic approach using defined parameters and boundary conditions based on partial-least squares regression for generically calculating and predicting the turnover number and the endpoint of a photocatalytic experiment. Furthermore, the impact of the analysis period was evaluated with respect to the fidelity of the obtained TON, and the influence of the data point density along critical segments of the obtained fitting function is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Klingler
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Michael Hlavatsch
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Benedikt Bagemihl
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Alexander K Mengele
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anna-Laurine Gaus
- Institute of Organic Chemistry I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Max von Delius
- Institute of Organic Chemistry I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sven Rau
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Boris Mizaikoff
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
- Hahn-Schickard, Sedanstraße 14, 89077, Ulm, Germany
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3
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Abbas A, Oswald E, Romer J, Lenzer A, Heiland M, Streb C, Kranz C, Pannwitz A. Initial Quenching Efficiency Determines Light-Driven H 2 Evolution of [Mo 3 S 13 ] 2- in Lipid Bilayers. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302284. [PMID: 37699127 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Nature uses reactive components embedded in biological membranes to perform light-driven photosynthesis. Here, a model artificial photosynthetic system for light-driven hydrogen (H2 ) evolution is reported. The system is based on liposomes where amphiphilic ruthenium trisbipyridine based photosensitizer (RuC9 ) and the H2 evolution reaction (HER) catalyst [Mo3 S13 ]2- are embedded in biomimetic phospholipid membranes. When DMPC was used as the main lipid of these light-active liposomes, increased catalytic activity (TONCAT ~200) was observed compared to purely aqueous conditions. Although all tested lipid matrixes, including DMPC, DOPG, DPPC and DOPG liposomes provided similar liposomal structures according to TEM analysis, only DMPC yielded high H2 amounts. In situ scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) measurements using Pd microsensors revealed an induction period of around 26 minutes prior to H2 evolution, indicating an activation mechanism which might be induced by the fluid-gel phase transition of DMPC at room temperature. Stern-Volmer-type quenching studies revealed that electron transfer dynamics from the excited state photosensitizer are most efficient in the DMPC lipid environment giving insight for design of artificial photosynthetic systems using lipid bilayer membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Abbas
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Eva Oswald
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jan Romer
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anja Lenzer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Magdalena Heiland
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Carsten Streb
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Christine Kranz
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Andrea Pannwitz
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
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4
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Klingler S, Bagemihl B, Mengele AK, Kaufhold S, Myllyperkiö P, Ahokas J, Pettersson M, Rau S, Mizaikoff B. Rationalizing In Situ Active Repair in Hydrogen Evolution Photocatalysis via Non-Invasive Raman Spectroscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202306287. [PMID: 37519152 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202306287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Currently, most photosensitizers and catalysts used in the field of artificial photosynthesis are still based on rare earth metals and should thus be utilized as efficiently and economically as possible. While repair of an inactivated catalyst is a potential mitigation strategy, this remains a challenge. State-of-the-art methods are crucial for characterizing reaction products during photocatalysis and repair, and are currently based on invasive analysis techniques limiting real-time access to the involved mechanisms. Herein, we use an innovative in situ technique for detecting both initially evolved hydrogen and after active repair via advanced non-invasive rotational Raman spectroscopy. This facilitates unprecedently accurate monitoring of gaseous reaction products and insight into the mechanism of active repair during light-driven catalysis enabling the identification of relevant mechanistic details along with innovative repair strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Klingler
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Benedikt Bagemihl
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Alexander K Mengele
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Simon Kaufhold
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Pasi Myllyperkiö
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, 40014 University of, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jussi Ahokas
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, 40014 University of, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Financial and Facility Services, University of Jyväskylä, 40014 University of, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Mika Pettersson
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, 40014 University of, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Sven Rau
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Boris Mizaikoff
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
- Hahn-Schickard, Sedanstraße 4, 89081, Ulm, Germany
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5
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Xu X, Valavanis D, Ciocci P, Confederat S, Marcuccio F, Lemineur JF, Actis P, Kanoufi F, Unwin PR. The New Era of High-Throughput Nanoelectrochemistry. Anal Chem 2023; 95:319-356. [PMID: 36625121 PMCID: PMC9835065 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c05105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangdong Xu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | | | - Paolo Ciocci
- Université
Paris Cité, ITODYS, CNRS, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Samuel Confederat
- School
of Electronic and Electrical Engineering and Pollard Institute, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
- Bragg
Centre for Materials Research, University
of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - Fabio Marcuccio
- School
of Electronic and Electrical Engineering and Pollard Institute, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
- Bragg
Centre for Materials Research, University
of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
- Faculty
of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | | | - Paolo Actis
- School
of Electronic and Electrical Engineering and Pollard Institute, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
- Bragg
Centre for Materials Research, University
of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
| | | | - Patrick R. Unwin
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
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6
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Lai Z, Li D, Cai S, Liu M, Huang F, Zhang G, Wu X, Jin Y. Small-Area Techniques for Micro- and Nanoelectrochemical Characterization: A Review. Anal Chem 2023; 95:357-373. [PMID: 36625128 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaogui Lai
- National Center for Materials Service Safety, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Dingshi Li
- Beijing Institute of Space Launch Technology, Beijing 100076, China
| | - Shuangyu Cai
- National Center for Materials Service Safety, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Min Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Feifei Huang
- National Center for Materials Service Safety, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Guodong Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Space Launch Technology, Beijing 100076, China
| | - Xinyue Wu
- Beijing Institute of Space Launch Technology, Beijing 100076, China
| | - Ying Jin
- National Center for Materials Service Safety, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 102206, China
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7
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Micromachining of Predesigned Perpendicular Copper Micropillar Array by Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy. Electrochim Acta 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2023.141913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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8
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Sarkar S, Herath AC, Mukherjee D, Mandler D. Ionic strength induced local electrodeposition of ZnO nanoparticles. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.140986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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9
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Alhafez A, Aytar E, Kilic A. Enhancing catalytic strategy for cyclic carbonates synthesized from CO2 and epoxides by using cobaloxime-based double complex salts as catalysts. J CO2 UTIL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2022.102129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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10
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Kund J, Romer J, Oswald E, Gaus AL, Küllmer M, Turchanin A, von Delius M, Kranz C. Pd‐Modified De‐alloyed Au‐Ni‐Microelectrodes for In Situ / Operando Mapping of Hydrogen Evolution. ChemElectroChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202200071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julian Kund
- Ulm University: Universitat Ulm Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Jan Romer
- Ulm University: Universitat Ulm Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Eva Oswald
- Ulm University: Universitat Ulm Institut of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Anna-Laurine Gaus
- Ulm University: Universitat Ulm Institute of Organic Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Maria Küllmer
- Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena: Friedrich-Schiller-Universitat Jena Institute of Physical Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Andrey Turchanin
- Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena: Friedrich-Schiller-Universitat Jena Institute of Physical Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Max von Delius
- Ulm University: Universitat Ulm Institute of Organic Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Christine Kranz
- University of Ulm Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm GERMANY
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