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Confederat S, Lee S, Vang D, Soulias D, Marcuccio F, Peace TI, Edwards MA, Strobbia P, Samanta D, Wälti C, Actis P. Next-Generation Nanopore Sensors Based on Conductive Pulse Sensing for Enhanced Detection of Nanoparticles. Small 2024; 20:e2305186. [PMID: 37649152 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202305186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Nanopore sensing has been successfully used to characterize biological molecules with single-molecule resolution based on the resistive pulse sensing approach. However, its use in nanoparticle characterization has been constrained by the need to tailor the nanopore aperture size to the size of the analyte, precluding the analysis of heterogeneous samples. Additionally, nanopore sensors often require the use of high salt concentrations to improve the signal-to-noise ratio, which further limits their ability to study a wide range of nanoparticles that are unstable at high ionic strength. Here, a new paradigm in nanopore research that takes advantage of a polymer electrolyte system to comprise a conductive pulse sensing approach is presented. A finite element model is developed to explain the conductive pulse signals observed and compare these results with experiments. This system enables the analytical characterization of heterogeneous nanoparticle mixtures at low ionic strength . Furthermore, the wide applicability of the method is demonstrated by characterizing metallic nanospheres of varied sizes, plasmonic nanostars with various degrees of branching, and protein-based spherical nucleic acids with different oligonucleotide loadings. This system will complement the toolbox of nanomaterials characterization techniques to enable real-time optimization workflow for engineering a wide range of nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Confederat
- Bragg Centre for Materials Research, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, Leeds, UK
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering and Pollard Institute, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, Leeds, UK
| | - Seungheon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Der Vang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA
| | - Dimitrios Soulias
- Bragg Centre for Materials Research, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, Leeds, UK
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering and Pollard Institute, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, Leeds, UK
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, OX1 3QZ, Oxford, UK
| | - Fabio Marcuccio
- Bragg Centre for Materials Research, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, Leeds, UK
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering and Pollard Institute, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, Leeds, UK
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, London, UK
| | - Timotheus I Peace
- Bragg Centre for Materials Research, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, Leeds, UK
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering and Pollard Institute, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, Leeds, UK
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, Leeds, UK
| | - Martin Andrew Edwards
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Pietro Strobbia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA
| | - Devleena Samanta
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Christoph Wälti
- Bragg Centre for Materials Research, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, Leeds, UK
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering and Pollard Institute, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, Leeds, UK
| | - Paolo Actis
- Bragg Centre for Materials Research, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, Leeds, UK
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering and Pollard Institute, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, Leeds, UK
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Xu X, Valavanis D, Ciocci P, Confederat S, Marcuccio F, Lemineur JF, Actis P, Kanoufi F, Unwin PR. The New Era of High-Throughput Nanoelectrochemistry. Anal Chem 2023; 95:319-356. [PMID: 36625121 PMCID: PMC9835065 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c05105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangdong Xu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | | | - Paolo Ciocci
- Université
Paris Cité, ITODYS, CNRS, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Samuel Confederat
- School
of Electronic and Electrical Engineering and Pollard Institute, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.,Bragg
Centre for Materials Research, University
of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - Fabio Marcuccio
- School
of Electronic and Electrical Engineering and Pollard Institute, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.,Bragg
Centre for Materials Research, University
of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.,Faculty
of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | | | - Paolo Actis
- School
of Electronic and Electrical Engineering and Pollard Institute, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.,Bragg
Centre for Materials Research, University
of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.,
| | | | - Patrick R. Unwin
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.,
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Confederat S, Sandei I, Mohanan G, Wälti C, Actis P. Nanopore fingerprinting of supramolecular DNA nanostructures. Biophys J 2022; 121:4882-4891. [PMID: 35986518 PMCID: PMC9808562 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA nanotechnology has paved the way for new generations of programmable nanomaterials. Utilizing the DNA origami technique, various DNA constructs can be designed, ranging from single tiles to the self-assembly of large-scale, complex, multi-tile arrays. This technique relies on the binding of hundreds of short DNA staple strands to a long single-stranded DNA scaffold that drives the folding of well-defined nanostructures. Such DNA nanostructures have enabled new applications in biosensing, drug delivery, and other multifunctional materials. In this study, we take advantage of the enhanced sensitivity of a solid-state nanopore that employs a poly-ethylene glycol enriched electrolyte to deliver real-time, non-destructive, and label-free fingerprinting of higher-order assemblies of DNA origami nanostructures with single-entity resolution. This approach enables the quantification of the assembly yields for complex DNA origami nanostructures using the nanostructure-induced equivalent charge surplus as a discriminant. We compare the assembly yield of four supramolecular DNA nanostructures obtained with the nanopore with agarose gel electrophoresis and atomic force microscopy imaging. We demonstrate that the nanopore system can provide analytical quantification of the complex supramolecular nanostructures within minutes, without any need for labeling and with single-molecule resolution. We envision that the nanopore detection platform can be applied to a range of nanomaterial designs and enable the analysis and manipulation of large DNA assemblies in real time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Confederat
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering and Pollard Institute, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; Bragg Centre for Materials Research, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Ilaria Sandei
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Gayathri Mohanan
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering and Pollard Institute, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; Bragg Centre for Materials Research, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Christoph Wälti
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering and Pollard Institute, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; Bragg Centre for Materials Research, Leeds, United Kingdom.
| | - Paolo Actis
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering and Pollard Institute, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; Bragg Centre for Materials Research, Leeds, United Kingdom.
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Bohn PW, Cao XE, Chang S, Chen D, Confederat S, Duleba D, E P, Edwards MA, Ewing A, Gundry L, He J, Kamali AR, Kanoufi F, Kwon SR, Limani N, Linfield S, Liu X, Long YT, Lu SM, Mao BW, Minteer S, Pandey P, Ren H, Ross A, Slater B, Unwin P, Vakamulla Raghu SN, Venton J, Walcarius A, Wei H, Wu Y, Xiao L, Xu W, Ying YL, Yu P, Zhang Z. Advanced nanoelectrochemistry implementation: from concept to application: general discussion. Faraday Discuss 2022; 233:354-373. [PMID: 35302573 DOI: 10.1039/d2fd90004a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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